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The Cyclopedia of New Zealand [Auckland Provincial District]

Russell

Russell, in the Bay of Islands County, was the first settlement and is the oldest town in New Zealand, and is situated on the shores of the beautiful island-studded bay. It was originally known by its native name of Kororareka, and as such it was sacked by the chief Heke in 1845. The Bay was a resort for whalers from the very early times of the fishery, and is also full of many interesting reminiscences. It was there that the first missionary station was established in 1814 by the Rev. Samuel Marsden, and the famous Treaty of Waitangi, which converted New Zealand into a British Colony, was signed in 1840 at Waitangi, a mission place on the shore opposite to Russell, which was also the seat of Government for some time. The chief resources of the Bay are coal from the mines of Kawakawa, kauri gum, timber, and whale fishing, though the latter is not so flourishing as it was in former times. There is very little general farm cultivation in the district, but both soil and climate are favourable to the growth of subtropical fruits, which will probably become the staple of a considerable industry in the near future. To tourists and holiday seekers, Russell presents many attractions in the way of scenery, fishing, inland excursions, and generally an easy enjoyment of life without care. Russell has comfortable hotels, a bank, four churches, and a public hall, library and school. Steamers call frequently, and the town possesses all postal and telegraph facilities.