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Manual of the New Zealand Flora.

Division B. PoageÆ

Division B. PoageÆ.

Spikelets not articulated on the pedicel below the glumes, the rhachilla continuous with the pedicel, and the articulations above the outer glumes and frequently also between the flowering glumes. Flowers 1 to many, the lowest flower perfect, the uppermost often male or imperfect. (Lower flower imperfect in Phalarideæ.)

Tribe IV. Phalarideæ.

Spikelets with 1 terminal hermaphrodite flower, with or without 1 or 2 male or rudimentary flowers below. Outer glumes 4, the lower 2 sometimes small, the 2 inner sometimes serving as flowering glumes for mala flowers.
First and second outer glumes smaller than the third and fourth. Flowering glumes obtuse 9. Ehrharta.
First and second outer glumes minute, many times smaller than the third and fourth. Flowering glumes acute 10. MicrolÆna.
First and second outer glumea as large as the third and fourth, both of which usually contain a male flower 11. HierochlŒ.

Tribe V. AgrostideÆ.

Spikelets 1-flowered; rhachilla frequently produced beyond the flower. Outer glumes 2, usually as long or longer than the flowering glume.

Spikelets panicled. Outer glumes usually longer than the flowering, which are rigid and convolute and awned. Awn long, terminal, bent, usually twisted below the bend 12. Stipa.
Panicle short and dense, cylindrical, bristly from the long awns. Flowering glume hyaline, 3-fid, middle lobe produced into a long awn. Rhachilla evidently produced. 13. Echinopogon.page 841
Panicle dense, cylindrical. Outer glumes compressed, fringed on the keel. Flowering glume hyaline, with a short dorsal awn. Rhachilla not produced 14. Alopecurus.
Panicle long, narrow and spike-like in the New Zealand species. Spikelers small, awnless. Flowering glume usually exceeding the outer glumes. Seed loose in the pericarp and finally expelled from it. 15. Sporobolus.
Spikelets panicled. Outer glumes very minute. Flowering glume awnless, acuminate, pubescent. Palea almost as long as the glume 16. Simplicia.
Spikelets small, panicled. Flowering glume hyaline, much smaller than the outer glumes, awned on the back or awnless. Palea usually short, often minute or wanting. Rhachilla not produced 17. Agrostis.
Spikelets small, panicled. Flowering glume hyaline, smaller than the outer glumes or almost equalling them, awned on the back. Palea more than half as long as the flowering glume. Rhachille produced beyond the palea, silky 18. Deyeuxia.
Panicle long, narrow, dense, bristly from the long awns. Flowering glume hardly shorter than the outer glumes, with a long and fine awn from the back near the tip 19. Dichelachne.

Tribe VI. Avenæ.

Spikelets 2 or several-flowered, usually panicled. Flowering glumes generally shorter than the outer glumes, usually awned; awn geniculate and often twisted, rarely straight.

* Awn of the flowering glumes dorsal, rising from below the terminal teeth of the glume, not from between them.
Spikelets 2-flowered. Flowering glumes erose or 2-toothed at the tip, shortly awned 20. Deschampsia.
Spikelets 2–6-flowered. Flowering glumes sharply 2-toothed at the tip; teeth sometimes almost awned; awn from the back just below the teeth 21. Trisetum.
Spikelets 5–10-flowered. Flowering glumes rounded at the back; awn dorsal, straight or bent 22. Amphibromus.
** Awn of the flowering glumes rising from between the terminal lobes or teeth of the glume.
Spikelets several-flowered. Flowering glumes rounded at the back, often ciliate or hairy; awn rigid, often twisted or flattened at the base 23. Danthonia.

Tribe VII. Chlorideæ.

Spikelets 1-many-flowered, crowded in two rows on one side of a flat rhachis or spike; spikes in racemes or digitate.
Spikes digitate or scattered at the top of the culm. Spikelets compressed, several-flowered, awnless. Outer glumes persistent; flowering glumes deciduous 24. Eleusine.

Tribe VIII. Festugeæ.

Spikelets 2-many-flowered, usually panicled or racemed. Flowering glumes generally exceeding the outer glumes, awnless or with 1 or several straight awns, which are usually terminal, rarely dorsal. Rhachilla produced beyond the uppermost flower.

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Tall reed-like grasses with silvery panicles. Flowering glumes covered with long hairs, membranous. Rhachilla long, glabrous 25. Arundo.
Spikelets 3–5 flowered, usually rounded on the back. Flowering glumes 2–3-toothed, middle tooth often mucroniform or slightly awned 26. Triodia.
Panicle spiciform. Spikelets 2–5-flowered, shining, compressed. Flowering glumes scarious, mucronate or shortly awned 27. Kœleria.
Spikelets 2-many-flowered, compressed. Flowering glumes keeled at the back, acute or obtuse, awnless, often (together with the rhachilla) clothed at the base with tangled hairs. Hilum punctiform 28. Poa.
Spikelets 3-many-flowered. Flowering glumes rounded at the back, obtuse, awnless, 5–9-nerved. Lodicules distinct. Hilum punctiform 29. Atropis.
Spikelets 2-many-flowered. Flowering glumes rounded on the back, more rigid than in Poa, acute or awned. Ovary naked or hairy. Hilum long, linear 30. Festuca.
Spikelets 3-many-flowered. Flowering glumes rounded on the back or slightly keeled, mucronate or awned, 5–9-nerved. Ovary villous at the top 31. Bromus.

Tribe IX. Hordeæ.

Spikelets 1-many-flowered, sessile in alternate notches on opposite sides of the rhachis of a simple spike, either solitary or several together. Glumes awned or not.
Spikelets solitary in the notches of the rhachis, 2-many-flowered, placed flatwise on the rhachis. Outer glumes conspicuous 32. Agropyrum.
Spikelets solitary (or in non-New-Zealand species in pairs) at the notches of the rhachis, 2–4-flowered, placed flatwise on the rhachis. Empty glumes either wanting or reduced to 2 small bristles 33. Asperella.