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Manual of the New Zealand Flora.
2. Calystegia, R. Br
2. Calystegia, R. Br.
Prostrate or twining herbs, glabrous or nearly so. Leaves alternate, entire or rarely palmately lobed. Peduncles axillary, 1-flowered; bracts 2, large, persistent, enclosing the calyx. Flowers usually large. Sepals equal or the inner slightly smaller. Corolla campanulate or funnel-shaped; limb plaited, 5-angled or obscurely 5-lobed. Stamens included; filaments dilated at the base; anthers oblong. Ovary 1-celled or imperfectly 2-celled, 4-ovuled; style filiform; stigmas 2, ovate or oblong, flattened. Capsule sub-globose, usually 1-celled. Seeds glabrous.
A small genus of 7 or 8 species, scattered through the warm and temperate ragions of both hemispheres. Of the 4 New Zealand species 2 are found in most extra-tropical countries, one extends to Australia, and the remaining one to South America and the Island of Masafuera.
* Flowers large, 1–3 in. diam.
Leaves 2–5 in., oblong-sagittate, sinus at the base narrow, deep 1. C. sepium. Leaves ½–1½ in., ovate-cordate or deltoid, membranous, sinus at the base broad, shallow C. tuguriorum. Stems short, prostrate. Leaves ½–2 in. across, broader than long, reniform, fleshy, sinus at the base broad, shallow 3. C. Soldanella. ** Flowers small, ½ in. diam.
Leaves sagittate, basal lobes narrow, acute, diverging 4. C. marginata.
| 1. | C. sepium, R. Br. Prodr. 483.—Rhizome long, slender, extensively creeping underground. Stems slender, twining, 3–6 ft. long. Leaves alternate, variable in size and shape, 2–5 in. long, oblong-sagittate or hastate, acute or acuminate, rarely obtuse, cordate at the base with the lobes angular or truncate or rounded, membranous, glabrous or rarely slightly pubescent. Peduncles solitary, 1-flowered, angled or margined, often exceeding the leaves; bracts large, ovate or ovate-lanceolate, enclosing the calyx. Sepals subequal, ovate-lanceolate. Corolla large, 1½–3 in. diam., white or pink. Ovary incompletely 2-celled. Capsule ½ in. diam., globose, apiculate. Seeds smooth.—A. Cunn. Precur. n. 394; Raoul, Choix, 44; Hook. f. Fl. Nov. Zel. i. 183. Convolvulus sepium, Linn. Sp. Plant. 153; Hook. f. Handb. N.Z. Fl. 197.
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Kermadec Islands, North and South Islands: Abundant in lowland situations as far south as Canterbury, apparently local in Otago. Pohue; Panahe; Bindweed. November–March. Widely dispersed in most temperate countries, and everywhere highly variable. |
| 2. | C. tuguriorum, R. Br. ex Hook. f. Fl. Nov. Zel. i. 183, t. 47.—Stems slender, prostrate or climbing, often clothing shrubs or trees to a considerable height, glabrous or puberulous. Leaves ½–1½ in. long, broadly ovate-cordate or deltoid, acute or obtusely acuminate, entire or sinuate or angled, sinus at the base broad and shallow, glabrous, membranous. Peduncles usually longer than the leaves, terete or margined; bracts ovate-cordate or orbicular, apiculate, equalling the calyx and enclosing it. Sepals subequal, broadly ovate. Corolla large. 1–2 in. diam., white. Ovary incompletely 2-celled. Capsule ⅓ in. long, broadly ovoid, apiculate. Seeds yellowish-red.—Convolvulus tuguriorum, Forst. Prodr. n. 74; Hook. f. Handb. N.Z. Fl. 198. C. truncatella, Col. in Trans. N.Z. Inst. xxi. (1889) 95.
North and South Islands, Chatham Islands: Abundant from the Three Kings Islands and the North Cape to Foveaux Strait. December–February. According to Sir J. D. Hooker, this is also found in Valdivia and Chiloe, and Mr. Hemsley (Bot. "Challenger" Exped.) has recorded it from the Island of Masafuera. |
| 3. | C. Soldanella, R. Br. Prodr. 483.—Rhizome long, creeping underground. Stems rather stout, 6–18 in. long, rarely more, prostrate and trailing, not twining, glabrous or puberulous. Leaves on petioles 1–3 in. long; blade½–2 in. diam., usually broader than long, reniform or broadly rounded-cordate, obtuse or apiculate, entire or sinuate, thick and fleshy, sinus at the base broad and shallow. Peduncles solitary, 1-flowered, as long or longer than the leaves; bracts ovate-cordate, obtuse, rather shorter than the calyx. Sepals subequal, broadly ovate, obtuse. Corolla large, 1–1½ in. diam., pink or purplish. Ovary incompletely 2-celled. Capsule large, broadly ovoid, apiculate. Seeds blackish-brown.—A. Rich. Fl. Nouv. Zel. 200; A. Cunn. Precur. n. 395; Raoul, Choix, 44; Hook. f. Fl. Nov. Zel. i. 183. Convolvulus Soldanella, Linn. Sp. Plant. 159; Hook. f. Handb. N.Z. Fl. 198.
Kermadec Islands, North and South Islands, Stewart Island, Chatham Islands: Not uncommon on sandy shores throughout; inland on sandy beaches at Lake Taupo, &c. November–March. Easily distinguished by the short uniformly prostrate stems, fleshy reniform leaves, and large black seeds. It is a common plant on maritime sands on almost all temperate shores. page 477 |
| 4. | C. marginata, R. Br. Prodr. 484.—Rhizome creeping; stems slender, twining, quite glabrous, 2–5 ft. long. Leaves on petioles 1–2 in. long; blade 1–3 in., sagittate, acute or acuminate, membranous; the basal lobes long, acute, diverging, often toothed or lobed. Peduncles usually shorter than the petioles, margined; bracts rounded-ovate, longer than the calyx. Sepals subequal, broadly ovate, obtuse. Corolla small. ½ in. diam., white. Ovary imperfectly 2-celled. Capsule globose; seeds usually 4.—Hook. f. Fl. Nov. Zel. i. 184, t. 48. Convolvulus marginatus. Spreng. Syst. i. 603; Hook. f. Handb. N.Z. Fl. 198; Benth. Fl. Austral. iv. 430.
North Island; Rare and local. Near Kaitaia, R. H. Matthews! between Mongonui and Whangaroa, T. F. C.; Whangarei and Owai, Colenso; Maungatapere, H. Carse! Paparoa, Omaha, and Thames, Kirk! Sea-level to 500 ft. December–March. Also in Eastern Australia. |