South Island: Canterbury—Mountains above Arthur's Pass, T. F. C. Westland—Kelly's Hill, Petrie! Otago—Mountains near Lake Harris, Kirk! Mount Alta, Buchanan! Mount Aspiring, Petrie! near Mount Earnslaw, H. J. Matthews! 3000–5000 ft. December–February.

A very remarkable plant, easily recognised by the stout branching stem, densely clothed with imbricating leaves. Its only near ally is the following species.

South Island: Nelson—Ravines on Mount Peel, alt. 4000–5000 ft., T. F. C.

Nearest to C. Walkeri, but distinguished by the smaller size, smaller narrower and more silky leaves with revolute margins, and by the smaller heads.

South Island: Nelson—Mount Cobb (to the north of the Mount Arthur Plateau), F. G. Gibbs!

An interesting novelty, quite distinct from the other species of the section, and remarkable for the lepidote pubescence on the under-surface of the leaves, &c.

South Island: Otago—Mount Pisa, Petrie! Mount Cardrona, Goyen; Mount Bonpland, H. J. Matthews! mountains above Dusky Sound, Hector and Buchanan! Reischek! mountains near Lake Hauroto, G. M. Thomson! 3000–6000 ft. January.

A very distinct little plant, much smaller than the preceding, and with smaller appressed leaves which are white and cottony beneath, and show no signs of the peculiar lepidote scales of C. Gibbsii.

Var. villosa, Cheesem.—Leaves densely clothed on both surfaces with soft spreading glandular hairs.

South Island: Nelson—Mount Arthur, Rev. F. H. Spencer! T. F. C.; mountains near Lake Guyon, H. H. Travers; Mount Rocbfort, Townson! Westland—Mountains near Greymouth, Helms! Var. villosa: Mount Murchison, BullerValley, Townson! 3000–4500ffc. December–January.

A very singular species, quite unlike any other.

South Island: Dusky Bay, Forster, Hector and Buchanan! Jackson's-Bay, Buchanan! Port Preservation, Lyall; Clinton Saddle and mountains west of Lake Te Anau, Petrie! Sea-level to 4000 ft. December–January.

South Island: Nelson—Mountains at the head of the Aorere River, Dall! Mount Arthur Plateau, Rev. F. H. Spencer! T. F. C.; Mount Rochfort, Spencer! Townson! 3000–5000 ft. December–January.

A handsome plant, closely allied to C. holosericea, but distinguished by the smaller size, more coriaceous leaves with buff, not white, tomentum, and especially by the large leafy bracts.

Var. oblonga, Kirk, l.c.—Much smaller than the type. Leaves l-2½ in. long, ¼–⅓ in. broad, linear-oblong. Scapes 1–3 in. high. Heads ⅓–¾ in. diam.

South Island: Nelson—Dun Mountain Range, Bidwill, Monro, Sinclair, T. F. C. Var. oblonga: Mount Arthur and Mount Owen, T. F. C.; Mount Stokes, Kirk! MacMahon! 3500–4500 ft. December–January.

Apparently rare and local. The buff tomentum separates it from all the allied species except C. Dallii, which differs in its much greater size and broad leafy bracts.

South Island: Otago—Upper Waipori, Rock and Pillar Range, Old Man Range, Petrie! 2000–4500 ft. December–January.

A well-marked plant, at once recognised by the deeply wrinkled almost glabrous leaves, green on both surfaces.

South Island: Canterbury — Mountains at the head of Lake Ohau, Haast! Otago—Lake district, Hector and Buchanan! Kurow and Mount Ida Ranges, Mount St. Bathans, Mihiwaka, Petrie! 800–3000 ft. December–February.

Best recognised by the obtuse linear-oblong crenate-dentate leaves and numerous involucral bracts and florets. It has been recorded from the Tararua Range, in the North Island, but I have seen no specimens from thence.

South Island: Abundant in mountain districts throughout. Altitudinal range 2500 ft. to 5000 ft. December–February.

One of the most variable species of the genus. Large much-branched states approach C. Walkeri; short and broad-leaved forms come very near to C. incana; and states with large membranous leaves appear to pass directly into C. Sinclairii.

Var. petiolata, Kirk, l.c.—Smaller in all its parts. Leaves with an oblong blade suddenly narrowed into a distinct petiole at the top of the expanded sheath, often quite glabrous above, the tomentum of the under-surface more silvery and appressed. Heads smaller, ½–¾ in. diam,

North Island: Summit of Moehau (Cape Colville), Adams! Mount Hikurangi, Colenso, Adams and Petrie! Ruahine Mountains, Colenso! Tararua Mountains, Buchanan. South Island: Not uncommon on the mountains as far south as Canterbury and the west of Otago. 2500–5000 ft. December–January.

The typical state, with large broad plaited leaves clothed on both surfaces with snow-white tomentum, has a very distinct appearance; but small forms, with smaller and narrower leaves almost glabrous above, are difficult to separate from C. discolor.

South Island: Not uncommon in the central and western portions of the Southern Alps, from the Spencer Mountains southwards. 3000–6000 ft. December–February.

Well marked by the greenish-grey foliage, stout usually tomentose scapes with numerous linear bracts, membranous involucral bracts, and glabrous achene.

South Island: Otago—Cliffs of the south-east coast, from the Clutha River to Waikawa, Lindsay, Buchanan! Petrie! Kirk! Mount Bonpland, Martin; Lake Harris, H. J. Matthews. January–February.

A handsome species, which succeeds well in cultivation. Mr. Kirk considers that the Mount Bonpland and Lake Harris localities are erroneous.

South Island: Not uncommon throughout in mountain districts. Stewart Island: Summit of Mount Anglem, Kirk! Altitudinal range 2500–5000 ft. December–January.

This comes very close to large forms of C. discolor, being only separable by the larger and much more membranous leaves, which are dull-green above and clothed with thin tomentum beneath.

South Island: Nelson—Mount Arthur, Mount Peel, Raglan Mountains, T. F. C.; Discovery Peaks, Travers! mountains overlooking the Hanmer Plains and Upper Clarence Valley, T. F. C.; Mount Captain and the Upper Waiau, Kirk! 3500–5500 ft. December–January.

A magnificent species, remarkable for the bright ferruginous tomentum of the under-surface of the leaves, the purple midrib, and the snow-white tomentum of the sheaths. I have not seen specimens from the south of Lake Tennyson.

South Island: Nelson—Mount Starveall, A. McKay! Bryant! Mount Duppa, Mount Richmond, MacMahon! January.

In the "Students' Flora" Mr. Kirk has reduced this to C. petiolata, but it differs from all the forms of that species in the broader coriaceous leaves cordate at the base, and in the dark ferruginous tomentum. In the texture of the leaves and their tomentum it approaches C. Traversii, but differs entirely in the-cordate leaf-base, and in the petioles wanting the snow-white tomentum which is so characteristic a feature of that plant.

Var. rigida, Kirk, l.c.— Leaves oblong-lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate, coriaceous, rigid, tomentum of under-surface white or ferruginous. Head rather larger, the rays sometimes 1 in. long.

Var. membranacea, Kirk, l.c.—Leaves narrowed at both ends, acute, membranous, glabrous on both surfaces or nearly so. Scape glabrate or pubescent. Heads rather smaller, involucral bracts glabrate.

South Island: Not uncommon in the central and western portions of the Southern Alps, from Lake Tennyson southwards to the west of Otago. Var. rigida: Stewart Island, Kirk! Var. membranacea: Clarence and Waiau Valleys, Travers! Kirk! Lyell Mountains, Townson! 2000–4500 ft. December–January.

Best distinguished by the almost membranous narrow-oblong leaves, with purple midribs and long and slender purple petioles.

South Island: Marlborough—Mount Stokes, Kirk! MacMahon! December–January.

A handsome and distinct species, allied to G. petiolata, but differing in the loose snow-white tomentum of. the sheaths, the satiny under-surface of the leaves, and the thin erect almost glabrous involucral bracts.

NoRth Island: Mountains of the interior, from Mount Hikurangi and Lake Taupo southwards. South Island: Abundant in mountain districts in Nelson, Canterbury, and Westland; rare in Otago. 500–4500 ft. Puhaere-taiko. December–February.

Well marked by the short narrow rigid leaves, densely clothed beneath with pale-buff soft and matted not appressed woolly tomentum. Mr. Cockayne's C. mollis is a state with the tomentum not nearly so woolly, the hairs being straighter and more silky.

South Island: Nelson—Mount Rochfort, Mount Frederic, and other localities near Westport, Townson! 2000–3000 ft. January–March.

A puzzling plant, which seems nearer to G. spectabilis than to any other species, although very different in appearance. In some respects it approaches C. parva, which, however, is a much smaller and more slender plant, with an almost filiform and nearly glabrous scape, and with much smaller heads and hispid achenes.

South Island: Otago — Milford Sound and Port Preservation, Lyall (Handbook); Waitaki Valley, Horse Ranges, Mag Swamp, Macrae's, Petrie! Kirk! Sea-level to 2000 ft. December–February.

I have seen no specimens from the localities where the species was originally discovered by Lyall, and it is quite possible that the plant from the Waitaki Valley, &c, on which the above description is founded, may not be the same. It has been reported from Campbell Island, but I think erroneously.

South Island: Otago—Mystery Pass, between Lake Manapouri and Smith Sound, Chapman; Clinton Valley, Lake Te Anau, Petrie!

Of this I have only seen a single leaf from Mr. Chapman's type, and a specimen of what appears to be the same collected by Mr. Petrie in the Clinton Valley. Further material is required to prepare a satisfactory description. It appears to differ from C. verbascifolia in the smaller size, thinner and more appressed tomentum, and much less woolly scapes, bracts, and involucres. A plant gathered by Mr. Cockayne on the Humboldt Mountains seems to be intermediate between the two species.

South Island: Marlborough—Mount Fyffe, H. B. Kirk (leaves only). Canterbury — Rocky places near Akaroa, Raoul; Mount Herbert, W. Gray! January–February.

A very distinct species, remarkable for the long acuminate leaves green and glabrous on both surfaces, the large heads, and herbaceous acuminate involucral bracts.

North Island: Tararua Mountains, Buchanan. South Island: Abundant in mountain districts. Altitudinal range 1500–4500 ft. Cotton-plant; Leather-plant. December–February.

A truly noble plant, probably the finest species of the genus. In its most luxuriant state it has a short stout stem which with the old leaf-sheaths is sometimes as thick as the wrist, and is crowned with numerous spreading and erect lanceolate leaves, from among which arise one or several stout scapes, bearing heads sometimes more than 3 in. diam., with long and narrow rays. This passes by almost imperceptible gradations into smaller varieties with narrower often less coriaceous leaves and smaller heads, with shorter and proportionately broader rays. It is difficult to find distinguishing characters between some of these forms and C. Monroi and other species. In cultivation it varies still more largely, and often produces branched scapes, a peculiarity quite unknown in any Celmisia in the wild state, so far as my own observations go. Some of the cultivated races appear to be permanent, and Mr. Kirk has briefly characterized the following in his "Students' Mora": (1) foliosa, with crowded foliaceous bracts sometimes Gin. long; (2) corymbifera, with branched scapes, the heads forming an open corymb; and (3) ensata, which has ensiform leaves 8–12 in. long and ½ in. wide, and an irregularly branched scape. Mr. H. J. Matthews informs me that the last form, which has a very distinct appearance, occurs in a wild condition near Lake Harris, Otago, but I have only seen cultivated specimens.

South Island: Nelson—Heaphy River, Dall! mountains near Westport, Townson! Westland—Arthur's Pass, Armstrong I Kirk! Cockayne! T. F. C.; Kelly's Hill, Petrie! 2500–4500 ft. December–January.

Distinguished from C. Lyallii by the broader perfectly straight leaves with a stout midrib and satiny appressed tomentum. From C. Monroi it is separated by the more rigid ribbed and pointed leaves and almost glabrous heads.

South Island: Otago—Clinton Saddle, Lake Te Anau, Petrie! Hurnboldt Mountains, H. J. Matthews!

A remarkable plant, of which I have seen only very imperfect specimens. The straight dagger-shaped leaves, with their two longitudinal plaits and rigid acuminate points, are quite unlike those of any other species.

Var. pseudo-Lyallii.—Leaves not so rigid, grooved and plaited above, beneath clothed with thick soft tomentum, which usually conceals both veins and midrib. Heads more cottony. Achene nearly glabrous.

South Island: Common in mountainous districts throughout. 1000–4500 ft. December–January.

One of the most distinct species of the genus, easily recognised by the narrow tapering rigid leaves, with almost pungent tips.

South Island: Not uncommon in alpine localities from the Wairau Valley southwards. 4000–6500 ft. January.

A very distinct plant, well marked by the short and narrow erect grooved and viscid leaves, with glabrous sheaths.

South Island: Marlborough—Upton Downs, Awatere, Monro! Canterbury— Mount Cook district, Haast, T. F. C.; Hopkins River, Haast, 1500–4500 ft. December–January.

The above description is based upon one of Monro's original specimens from the Upton Downs, now in Mr. Petrie's herbarium, and on others which almost exactly match it collected by myself in the Mount Cook district. Most of the specimens referred to C. Monroi in New Zealand collections are nothing more than small forms of O. coriacea; but it may be distinguished from all such by the narrower and more rigid leaves, which are usually conspicuously furrowed on both surfaces, and by the smaller heads with shorter broader rays, and by the glabrous corolla-tube. The plant figured in the "Botanical Magazine" has broader softer leaves than Monro's specimen.

Var. rugulosa, Cheesem. — Shorter and stouter. Leaves more coriaceous, wrinkled above; sheaths more cottony. Scapes stouter, densely cottony.

Most nearly allied to C. longifolia, from which it is separated by the broader and flatter membranous leaves. Mr. Kirk placed my variety ruqulosa under C. Monroi, from which it differs markedly, in the much less rigid habit, spreading thinner leaves, shorter cauline bracts, nearly glabrous involucre, and fewer rays. It is much nearer to G. Adamsii.

Var. gracilenta, Kirk, Students' Fl. 289.—Leaves slender, usually erect, narrow-linear, margins revolute to the midrib. Scape slender. Head about 1 in. diam.—C. gracilenta, Hook. /. Fl. Antarct. i. 35.

Var. major.—Leaves broader, spreading or recurved, narrow linear-lanceolate, acuminate; margins more or less revolute. Scape stout. Head 1–1½ in., diam.—C. gracilenta var. b, Hook. f. Fl. Nov. Zel. i. 123. C. longifolia vars major and asteliasfolia, Kirk, Students' Fl. l.c.

Var. graminifolia, Kirk, l.c.—Leaves very slender, linear-elongate, membranous, often flaccid, acute; margins flat or nearly so. Scape very slender, often nearly glabrous. Head ½–1 in. diam., glabrate or slightly cottony.—C. graminifolia, Hook. f. Fl. Antarct. i. 35. C. setacea, Col. in Trans. N.Z. Inst. xxi. (1889) 88.

Var. alpina, Kirk, l.c.—Small. Rootstock stout, branched. Leaves 1–2 in. long, ½–1 in. broad; margins slightly revolute; sheaths nearly glabrous. Scape slender, strict, 1–3 in. long. Head ⅓–¾ in. diam., glabrous or nearly so.

North and South Islands, Stewart Island: From the Bay of Islands and the Great Barrier Island southwards, but rare and local to the north of the Upper Thames and Waikato. Sea-level to nearly 6000 ft. November–January.

The most widely distributed and variable species of the genus, found in all-soils and situations. It is the only species that extends, beyond the colony, being not uncommon in the Australian Alps and in Tasmania. The varieties characterized above are merely prevalent forms, and are connected by numerous intermediates.

South Island: Nelson—Summit of Mount Arthur, T. F. C. Canterbury— Armstrong; Mount Cook district, T. F. C. Otago—Maungatua, Petrie! Stewart Island: Eraser Peaks, Petrie and Thomson! Mount Anglem, Rakia-hua, Taylor's Lookout, Kirk! 1000–6000 ft. December–January.

Most of the Stewart Island specimens have longer and narrower leaves, with much more revolute margins, the tomentum is thinner and more appressed, and the scape is longer. Those from Mount Arthur have flatter leaves tapering from the base, the tomentum is buff-coloured and much looser, and the scape is shorter and densely woolly. It is possible that more species than one are included under the description, but the material is not sufficient to prove this.

South Island: Not uncommon in mountain districts throughout. 3000–6000 ft. December–January.

The small size and very narrow acerose leaves are excellent distinguishing characters.

North Island: Tararua Range, Budden. South Island: Canterbury–Mount Brewster, Haast; Mount Cook district, Dixon! T.F.C. Otago —

Mount Alta, Hector and Buchanan! Hector Mountains, Humboldt Mountains, Mount Tyndall, the Remarkables, Petrie! Mount Earnslaw, H. J. Matthews. 4500–6500 ft. January–February.

Apparently a very distinct species, at once recognised by the small densely imbricated linear-obovate leaves and rather large heads.

South Island: Marlborough — Mount Stokes, alt. 3800 ft., rare, Mac-Mahon! January.

A beautiful little plant, apparently with a very restricted distribution. I have seen no specimens except those gathered by Mr. MacMahon.

South Island: Nelson—Mountains at the source of the Heaphy River, Dall! December–January.

A very curious little plant. Mr. Dall's specimens are the only ones I have seen.

South Island: Abundant in mountain districts throughout. Stewart Island: Summit of Mount Anglem, Kirk! 2500–5500 ft. December–January.

One of the most distinct species of the genus, often forming extensive carpets in open places on the mountains, easily recognised from a distance by the peculiar greenish-grey colour. Mr. Kirk's var. pedunculata is only a form in which the peduncle elongates after flowering.

South Island: Otago—Summit of Maungatua, Petrie! Stewart Island: Mount Anglem, Rakiahua, Smith's Lookout, Kirk! 500–3500 ft. December–January.

Closely allied to G. sessiliflora, but I think distinct.

South Island: Mountain districts from Nelson to the south of Otago, but often local. Usually on wet rocks or on shingle through which water flows. 2000–5000 ft. December–January.

A very distinct species, at once recognised by the glabrous branching habit, linear-spathulate green and almost fleshy leaves, and numerous leafy bracts.

North Island: Tongariro, Colenso! H. Hill! Rangipo Plain, G. Mair! Kirk! Petrie! South Island: Not rare in mountain districts from Nelson to the west of Otago, usually in peaty swamps. 1500–4500 ft. December–January.

Auckland and Campbell Islands: Abundant from sea-level to over 1200 ft. November–December.

An exceedingly handsome plant, of which a beautiful plate is given in the "Flora Antarctica." It and the following species are the only ones with purple disc-florets.

Campbell Island: Perseverance Harbour, rare, Chapman, Kirk!

The flower-heads closely resemble those of C. vernicosa, but the leaves are altogether different. I have only seen one poor specimen. Mr. Chapman's name has one month's priority of publication over Mr. Kirk's.