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Manual of the New Zealand Flora.
Suborder TubuliflorÆ
Suborder TubuliflorÆ.
Heads with, the florets all tubular and hermaphrodite, or with, the marginal ones alone ligulate and female or neuter.
Tribe 1. EupatoriaceÆ.
Heads homogamous, florets all tubular, hermaphrodite. Anthers obtuse at the base. Style-branches long, obtuse, thickened upwards or club-shaped equally minutely papillose.
| Herb with opposite leaves. Achene 5-angled. Pappus of 5–10 scales or bristles | 1. Ageratum. |
Tribe 2. Asteroideæ.
Heads heterogamous, radiate or discoid, or with the ray deficient and then homogamous. Anthers nearly entire at the base. Receptacle naked. Style-branches flattened, produced above the stigmatic margins into a triangular or lanceolate papillose appendage.
A. Female florets ligulate, forming a more or less conspicuous ray. (Ray absent in some, species of Olearia, and dwarfed in two species of Pleurophyllum.)
* Pappus wanting, or of minute scales or setæ.
| Herbs. Leaves usually radical. Pappus entirely wanting. Achene narrowed upwards into a neck or beak | 2. Lagenophora |
| Herbs. Leaves radical or cauline. Pappus wanting or of scale-like bristles. Achene not beaked | 3. Brachycome. |
** Pappus long, copious.
| Shrubs or trees. Scales of the involucre in several series, margins scarious. Achenes nearly terete | 4. Olearia. |
| Herbs. Leaves all radical, large, many-nerved. Heads numerous, racemed | 5. Pleuro-phyllum. |
| Usually stemless herbs with radical leaves, but stems sometimes elongated and the leaves cauline. Scapes | phyllum. |
| simple; heads solitary | 6. Celmisia. |
| Branched leafy herb. Heads solitary, terminal. Achene much flattened. Style-branches with subulate tips | 7. Vlttadinia. |
B. Female florets tubular, in many series.
| Alpine woolly herbs. Stems cæspitose or compacted into hard rounded masses. Heads broad, sessile | 8. Haastia. |
Tribe 3. InuloideÆ.
Heads heterogamous and discoid (rarely radiate in some foreign genera), or homogamous through the suppression of the female florets. Anther-cells produced at the base into filiform tails. Style-branches linear, obtuse, never ending in an appendage.
page 270A. Female florets tubular, filiform, in from 2 to many series, always outnum-bering the. hermaphrodite ones.
| Herbs. Heads corymbose or clustered, rarely solitary. Pappus-hairs capillary, not barbellate | 9. Gnaphalium. |
B. Female florets tubular, filiform, in 1 or 2 series, sometimes altogether wanting, fewer in number than the hermaphrodite ones (sometimes outnumbering the hermaphrodite ones in Raoulia).
| Herbs, usually alpine, Stems creeping or cæspitose, often compacted into hard rounded masses. Heads solitary, small, sessile. Involueral bracts often white and radiating | 10. Raoulia. |
| Herbs or small shrubs. Heads solitary or corymbose. Pappus-hairs various, often barbellate. Receptacle naked | 11. Helichrysum. |
| Shrubs with narrow leaves. Heads corymbose. Receptacle narrow; florets few, usually subtended by chaffy scales | 12. Cassinia. |
| Herbs. Flower-heads numerous, aggregated into a globose compound head surrounded by scarious bracts. Female florets wanting. Receptacle with scales between the florets | 13. Craspedia. |
Tribe 4. Helianthoideæ.
Heads heterogamous, usually radiate, rarely discoid, or with the ray deficient and then homogamous. Receptacle with scales among the florets. Anther-cells not tailed. Style-branches truncate or furnished with an appendix. Pappus of stiff awns or short scales, never of capillary bristles.
| Involucral bracts in two series: outer narrow, glandular, spreading; inner broader, erect, and enclosing the ray-florets. Pappus wanting | 14. Siegesbeckia. |
| Involucral bracts in two series, about equal. Pappus of 2–4 stiff awns | 15. Bidens. |
Teibe 5. AnthemideÆ.
Heads heterogamous, radiate or discoid; or with the ray deficient and then homogamous. Involucral bracts dry or scarious at the tips. Receptacle naked or paleaceous. Anther-cells without tails. Style-branches truncate. Pappus wanting, or a crown of short scales.
| Herbs, usually flaccid or succulent. Heads discoid, pedunculate; female corolla short and broad. Achenes flattened, often winged | 16. Cotula. |
| Diffuse or prostrate herb. Heads discoid, sessile, axillary. Achenes hardly flattened, 3–4-ribbed or -angled | 17. Centipeda. |
| Minute alpine herbs. Leaves entire, fleshy. Heads discoid. Female corolla tubular. Achene flattened, or 4-angled | 18. AbrotaNella. |
Tribe 6. SenecionideÆ.
Heads heterogamous, radiate or discoid; or with the ray deficient and then homogamous. Involucral bracts usually in a single row, with a few small ones at the base. Receptacle usually naked. Anther-cells sometimes sagittate at the base, but with no true tails. Style-branches truncate or appendiculate. Pappus of capillary bristles.
| Herbs. Heads discoid. Female florets very slender, filiform, in 2–3 series | 19. Erechthites.page 271 |
| Shrubs. Female florets ligulate; lamina short, furnished at the base with 1 or 2 minute lobes. Achenes terete, papillose | 20. Brachyglottis. |
| Herbs, shrubs, or trees. Female florets ligulate, never filiform | 21. Senecio. |