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Manual of the New Zealand Flora.

LXXII. Loranthaceæ

page 1148

LXXII. Loranthaceæ.

617 An important series of memoirs on the structure and classification of this order, by the French botanist Van Tieghem, is printed in the Bulletin of the Botanical Society of France for the years 1894–96 (Vols. xli. to xliii.). One of these memoirs, entitled "Sur les Loranthoidées de la Nouvelle-Zélande," deals specially with the New Zealand species included by all previous writers in the genus Loranthus, and contains many original and valuable observations. In addition to the 5 species given by Hooker in the Handbook, Van Tieghem accepts the whole of those (5) described by subsequent authors, and publishes 5 others as new, thus enumerating 15 species in all. These he distributes in 7 new genera, with one exception confined to New Zealand. Van Tieghem's liberal ideas as to the number of genera are not restricted to the New Zealand species, for in a conspectus of the whole order he admits no fewer than 133, whereas Hooker and Bentham, in the "Genera Plantarum," only gave 13. Van Tieghem's researches have to a large extent supplied the basis of a new classification of the order proposed by Engler in "Die Pfianzenfamilien" (Nachtrage, i. 124), although most of his genera are reduced to the position of subgenera or sections. The following sketch will show how the New Zealand species are disposed of under Engler's arrangement.
*Perianth double.
Ovary more or less distinctly 2- or more-celled 1. Elytranthe.
Ovary distinctly 1-celled. Anthers basifixed 2. Lobakthus.
Ovary distinctly 1-celled. Anthers versatile 3. Phrygilanthus.
**Perianth single.
Leafy. Flowers in axillary or terminal panicles 4. Tupeia.
Leafless. Flowers at the nodes of the jointed stems or branches 5. Korthalsella.
1. Elytranthe Blume.
1.

E. Colensoi, Engl. in Engl. and Prantl. Pflanzenf. Nachtr. i. 126. Peraxilla Colensoi, Van Tieghem in Bull. Soc. Bot. Fr. xli. (1894) 500. Loranthus Colensoi, Hook. f. in Hook. Io. Plant, t. 633. (Manual, 619.)

Mr. Mayo informs me that this is occasionally parasitic on introduced trees. At Motueka (Nelson) he has observed it growing on Pears, Plums, and on Robinia pseuaacacia.

2.

E. tetrapetala, Engl. Ic.—Peraxilla tetrapetala, Van Tiegh. I.c. Loranthus tetrapetalus, Forst. Proclr. n. 156. (Manual, 618.)

Colenso's Loranthus punctatus (Peraxilla punctata, Van Tiegh.; Ely-tranthe "punctata, Engl.) is doubtless identical with this species, judging page 1149from an imperfect specimen in his herbarium. Van Tieghem's Peraxilla uniflora and P. Haastii, both of which are accepted and referred to Ely-tranthe by Engler, are said to be closely allied; but as no descriptions or diagnostic characters are given I cannot express any opinion as to their validity. Van Tieghem als) retains Kirk's Loranthus decussattis as a distinct species; placing it, under the name of Peraxilla decussata, in the immediate neighbourhood of E. Colensoi, with which he states it agrees in having the flowers in axillary racemes. No doubt he has been influenced by Kirk's original description, in which the flowers are described as being arranged in "2–4-flowered racemes." But the type specimens in Kirk's herbarium all have the flowers solitary in the axils of the leaves, and this is also the case with specimens collected by myself in the locality where it "was first obtained by Kirk. I can entertain no doubt of its identity with E. tetrapetalus, and consider that the mistake in Kirk's diagnosis was probably due to some accidental mixture of specimens. As mentioned in the "body of this work, the name of L. tetrapetalus is applied in Kirk's herbarium to the following species.

3.

B. Adamsii, Engl. l.c. Trilepidea Adamsii, Van Tiegh. l.c. Loranthus Adamsii, Gheesem. in Trans. N.Z. Inst. xiii. (1881) 296. (Manual p. 620.)

The fruit of this has been forwarded by Mr. Adams. I is bright-red, oblong or oblong-obovoid, viscid, about ⅓ in. long. Van Tieghem mentions a Trilepidea Ralphii (Bull. Soc. Bot. Fr. xlii. (1895) 28)- as a closely allied species, but he gives no distinctive characters.

4.

E. flavida, Engl. l.c. Alepis flavida, Van Tiegh. l.c. Lo ranthus flavidus, Hook f. Fl. Nov. Zel. i. 100, t. 27. (Manual, 620.)

Van Tieghem also accepts Colenso's? L. polychroa, giving it the name of Alepis polychroa. Probably he has seen no specimens, for the examination of one given to me by Mr. Colenso leaves no doubt in my mind that it is absolutely identical with E. flavida.

2. Loranthus, Linn.
1.

L. micranthus, Hook. f. Fl. Nov. Zel. i. 100. Ileo-stylus micranthus, Van Tiegh. I.c. xli. (1894) 489. (Manual, 618.)

Van Tieghem's Ileostylus Kirkii (I.c. xlii. (1895) 25) is based upon specimens collected near Auckland by Kirk, and is said to differ from the type in the shape and structure of the leaves. But no second species exists m Mr. Kirk's herbarium, and the typical form is the only one I have seen near Auckland.

L. micranthus is sometimes parasitic on introduced trees. At the Native settlement of Waihi, at the south end of Lake Taupo, it grows in great abundance on Pear and Plum trees.

2.

L. Fieldii, Buch. in Trans. N.Z. Inst xvi. (1884) 397.—

Leaves 1–1½ in. long, linear-oblong, rounded at the tip and narrowed into a very short petiole at the base, midrib indistinct. Racemes 3–4 in. long, tetrachotomously 16-flowered. page 1150Flowers 1–1½ in. long, bright - crimson tipped with dark-purple, and yellowish towards the base, petals free to the' bottom, anthers linear."—Neamyza Fieldii, Van Tiegh. l.c. xlii. (1895) 25.

North Island: Base of Ruapehu, H, G. Field.

Only known from Buohanan's very incomplete description, quoted above. It is accepted by both Van Tieghem and Engler, the first creating the new genus Neamyza for its reception, the latter keeping it in Loranthus-

3. Phrygilanthus, Eiohl.
1.P. tenuiflorus, Engl. l.c. 134. Hookerella tenuiflora,. Van Tiegh. l.c. xiii. (1895) 25. Loranthus tenuiflorus, Hook. f. Fl. Nov. Zel. i. 100. (Manual, 620.)
2.

P. Raoulii, Engl. l.c. 134, Mullerina Baoulii, Van- Tiegh, l.c.

North Island: Bay of Islands, Raoul (on Metrosideros); Whangaroa, A. Cunningham (on Metrosideros and Vitex).

New Zealand botanists are indebted to Professor Van Tieghem for pointing out the distinctness of this species, which was confounded with Loranthus tetrapetalus by both Cunningham and Raoul. It is much more nearly allied to the preceding species, from which it differs in the inflorescence being composed of terminal (not axillary) trichotomous paniclesThe flowers differ from all the other New Zealand species in being; pentamerous, and the anthers are versatile.

4. Tupeia, Cham, et Schl.
1.

T. antarctica, Cham, et Schl. in Linnæa iii. (1828) 203;. Van Tiegh. l.c. xlii. (1895) 643; Engl. l.c. 133. (Manual,. 621.)

Van Tieghem draws attention to the fact that this species is not simply diæcious, as described by Hooker, but consists of three sorts of individuals—hermaphrodites, males, and females. This peculiarity was first pointed' out by A. Richard, from Forster's manuscripts (Flore Nouv. Zel. 269).

5. Korthalsella, Van Tiegh.
1.K. salicornioides, Van Tiegh. l.c. xliii. (1896) 165;: Engl. l.c. 138. Viscum salicornioides, A. Cunn. Precur. n. 485. (Manual, 623.)
2.K. Lindsayi, Engl. l.c. 138. Heterixia Lindsayi, Van Tiegh. l.c. 178. Viscum Lindsavi, Oliv. ex Hook. f. HandbN.Z. Fl. 108. (Manual, 622.)page 1151
3.

K. clavatum, Cheesem. Viscum clavatum, T. Kirk in Trans. N.Z. Inst. xxiv. (1892) 429, t. 37. (Manual, 622.)

Korthalsella amentacea (Heterixia amentacea, Van Tiegh.), a New-Caledonian species, is erroneously stated in the "Pflanzenfamilien" to be a native of New Zealand.