Figure 267.—Bamboo fanga'ofe trap, commencement of inner tube and funnel:

a, a bamboo strip (1) is bent into a hoop with a horizontal diameter of 4 inches. Two upright bars (2) with the upper ends diverging and the lower ends together at the hoop crossing below are lashed together below. Two crossbars (4, 6) and seven bamboo strips 41 inches long to form tube and funnel warps (3, 5, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11) are placed as shown, the warps being on the inner side of the hoop. The four pieces (2, 2, 4, 6) form the partition of the tube. b, The warps and partition pieces are lashed to the hoop, by bringing the bamboo binding element (12) from the hoop lashing below to act as the active element of a weft combination of which the hoop is the passive part. As all the elements in the trap consist of bamboo strips the active element of the weft will be referred to as the weft and the passive element as the hoop. The weft (12) takes a turn around the page 464hoop and taking the warp (3) and the bar (4) as one, it makes a complete turn from the inner side around the crossing made by these elements with the hoop and a second turn around the warp (3) alone. Beyond the bar (4) the weft takes a turn around the hoop and from the inner side makes a complete turn around the warp (5), the bar (6) and the hoop. Passing around the hoop beyond the bar (6) the weft makes a complete turn singly around the warp (7) the bar (2) and the warp (8). The technique is continued around the hoop until all the warps and bars, either singly or in twos, have been lashed to the hoop by one complete turn of the weft. c, Outer surface, wrapped twine. The warps (3, 4) are on the under side of the hoop (2). The weft (1) makes a half turn over the hoop and crosses the warp (3) from above downwards on the under side. Emerging from under the hoop, the weft makes a turn from below upwards and to the left over the hoop. It again crosses the warp on the under side and by so doing makes a complete turn around the hoop and warp crossing. It makes a half turn (1') over the hoop from below and crosses the under surface of the warp and hoop crossing and continues the like technique with succeeding warps. d, Under surface, wrapped twine. The two turns on the under surface of the warp (3) are the result of making a full or complete turn around the crossing. The weft has crossed the warp (4) and requires it to be brought around the hoop on the other side to complete the full wrapped twine technique. e, The warps (3, 11) are those at the bottom of the tube on either side of the hoop join (1). The space between the warps (3 and 11) is wide and a fresh warp (12) is spaced between them with its end 3 inches from the partition. The end (13) of the passive hoop element of the weft consisting of two strips of bamboo placed together is laid above the end of the new warp (12) and lashed to it with the active weft. The weft now lashes the hoop to the warps (11 and 10) by the full wrapped twine and continues on in spiral form until it (14) reaches the commencing warp (12), when the first round is completed. The wider space between the warps (3, 11), the partition, and the end of the warp (12) forms the entrance opening for fish (ala i'a). The warps average 1.25 inches apart and the space between the weft rounds is the same. Three complete rounds (1st-3rd) are made but just before the weft reaches the warp (12) a new warp (15) is added by laying its end on the outer side of the hoop and fixing it with the ordinary half turn that the weft makes over the outer side of the hoop. The tube warp ('aso tapua) which comes next (12) is wrapped with a full turn. As the weft makes its next half turn to get into position, another new warp (16) is laid on the outer side of the hoop and fixed by the half turn. The next tube warp (11) on the under side of the hoop is fixed with a full turn and the new warp (17) added on the outside with a half turn. The technique of expanding the funnel therefore consists of adding a new warp in each space between the old warps. When the hoop comes around to warp (3) the new warp (22) will complete the set of 8 new warps added to the 8 original tube warps, increasing the expanding funnel to 16 warps. The 16 warps are divided into a lower series which is lashed to the hoop by full turns of the weft and an upper or outer series fixed to the loop by half turns.

Figure 268.—The fanga'ofe trap, technique of funnel, and exit opening:

a, from the warp (22) last added (fig. 267 e) the weft makes another spiral round, with the inner and outer series of eight each, until it reaches the warp (3) on the next spiral round (fifth) which completes a round from the last new warp (22). The interwarp spaces have diverged so another set of 16 warps is added, one to each space and on the outer side of the loop. As the balance between the outer and inner series has to be maintained, the hoop is first lifted up to the outer side of the 16 warps already attached so that the 8 new warps which started on the outer side of the hoop will join the 8 original tube warps on the inner side and thus balance the inner and outer series with 16 warps each. Hence the new warp (23) is added on the outside under a half turn, while the next warp (15) which started on the outer side is now on the inner side of the hoop and is consequently fixed with a full turn of the weft. The weft stroke is the same throughout the outer series of warps being fixed by a half turn and the inner warp by a full turn. When the spiral comes around (sixth) to the inner warp (22) the addition of the new warp (38) to the outer side of the hoop, completes the new series of 16 warps of the outer series. The lashing technique is shown in the lower rounds but is omitted in the upper rounds of the figure to demonstrate the relative positions of the two series to the hoop. The wrapped twine is continued with the two series of 16 warps each for 3 rounds when the outer diameter of the funnel is attained. The hoop is run in close to the preceding turn and lashed to a warp. The other end of the tube, with the lower opening (ala i'a) and' the expansion of the funnel is exactly the same as that described. The body of the trap is formed of 42 warps. The body hoop in its first round is placed close above the funnel marginal hoop. The first body warp is placed on the inner side of the hoop and also passes under the funnel hoop. The warps are added alternately to the inner and outer sides of the hoop with the established technique of a full weft turn around the inner warp and a half turn around the outer. At short intervals, after making a full turn around an inner warp a second full turn of the weft is made around the funnel marginal hoop to lash the body commencement round to the funnel throughout its circumference. On completing the first round, the hoop is diverged and the spiral technique continued with the 42 body warps in two series with the space between the hoop rounds ranging from 1.5 to 2 inches. On reaching the middle of the body, the exit opening is formed on what will then be the upper part of the trap. b, An outer warp (1) and an inner warp on either side (2, 3) are broken off just beyond the lashed hoop. When the page 466weft comes around to the warp (4) forming the left margin of the gap, the weft (5) is crossed under its own loop and pushed back under the turn around the preceding warp (6) to fix it. The hoop (7) is broken off. The right marginal warp (9) is an outer warp, so the hoop round is continued by laying the hoop (8), under it lashing it with the weft and continuing the hoop spiral as if no break had occurred. When the hoop arrives again at warp (4), an inner warp (2'), an outer warp (1') and another inner warp (3') are added to the hoop to repair the break in warp continuity. The exit opening (10) is thus defined. The middle part of the body which has gradually bulged out owing to the gradual increase in interwarp spacing is now gradually decreased by lessening the warp spacing until when it reaches the other funnel rim, the body diameter coincides with it. As the warps are being lashed to the last hoop round, the weft binds the body hoop and the funnel hoop together in the same method as at the other end. When the round is completed, the weft is tied, the hoop cut off, and the projecting ends of both body and funnel warps trimmed level about 1.5 inches from the last hoop round. The other end is similarly trimmed. c, The cover ('apa) of the exit opening is made of a stout bamboo strip (1), 19 inches long and 0.75 inches wide. Two narrower pieces, (2, 3) about 9 inches long are crossed on the long piece 3 inches apart. The cross piece (2) is lashed at the crossing with a bamboo strip. In commencing a binding with bamboo, the end is laid on the material and simply crossed by the diagonal turns made. The strip is run spirally over the stout piece to the left where it lashes the cross piece (3) in position. The binding strip then takes a turn (4) around the outer side of (1) descends obliquely and takes a turn (5) around the lower end of crossbar (3). Thence it crosses horizontally to make a turn (6) around the lower end of the other crossbar. It passes obliquely upwards to pass around the right end (7) of the long piece, upward to make the turn (8), horizontally to (9), and completes the round on the left. From here it makes six more complete rounds, each external to the other. The end of the last round is poked under a previous turn. The cover is put on by placing the long piece longitudinally over the middle line of the hole and sticking the ends in under weft rows of the body. Two other strips of bamboo are crossed transversely over the ends of the cover and their ends stuck in under warps.