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Maori and Polynesian: their origin, history and culture

Index — Roman numerals indicate chapters; Arabic figures paragraphs

page 269

Index
Roman numerals indicate chapters; Arabic figures paragraphs

  • Abhorrence of manure in Polynesian agriculture, vii. 12; not from South Asia, the region of domesticated animals, xiii. 18; from the north, xx. 20.
  • Aborigines of New Zealand in household stage of religion, vii. 22; proved in Polynesia by reduction of sounds to fifteen, viii. 13, 14; had gods of their own, xi. 32; taught Maoris tattooing and carving, xiii. 19, xiv. 16, 18; tattooed in black or blue, not in red, xiv. 18; their women fair, and had their red lips tattooed by darker Polynesians, xiv. 13; carving families taken over by Polynesians, xv. 4; numerous and hostile in New Zealand, xviii. 6-10; many signs of, in long-deserted by-paths and hill-forts, xviii. 10; had half-tamed feral dog, xviii. 17; not cannibal, xviii. 18; a dozen or more tribes of them supernaturalised by North Island legend, xviii. 10; white, according to Crozet, xx. 1; negroids not first, xx. 2; used calabash and steam-oven, xx. 21.
  • Abstract words not in language, but in cosmology of Polynesia, viii. 15; abstraction characteristic of the higher Polynesian mind, xi. 15.
  • Adze and sharpener found fourteen feet below soil of ancient forest in Westland, New Zealand, xviii. 21.
  • Africa, ii. 6, iii. 1, 2, 5, 7, 9, v. 13.
  • Agni, hymns to, xi. 10.
  • Agriculture very primitive in Polynesia, xiii. 17; seems to point to North Asia, xiii. 18; had double origin, xiii. 21, 22; neolithic, though uncultivated foods palaeolithic, xix. 13; implements and methods early neolithic, xix. 19.
  • Ahiahi (time of fires), Polynesian word for evening, points north, vi. 26.
  • Ainos, v. 9, vi. 7, 8, 9, 14, xii. 11, xiii. 3, xx. 20, 22.
  • Akkadian empire, v. 3, 6.
  • Alexander's fleet on Hydaspes, ix. 411.
  • Aleutians, v. 9; cook over stone lamps, vi. 15; have dugout canoes, vi. 21.
  • Alpine roundhead, driven south with blondes, iii. 7; primary stratum of Irania, iii. 9.
  • Altai Mountains, iii. 11.
  • Altars of colossal stone, ii. 4.
  • America, i. 11, 12, 13, 16, iii. 1, v. 9, xvi. 23, xx. 3.
  • Amato, lowest circle of Po, xi. 26.
  • Amorites, a fair race, iii. 5, 9.
  • Anahuac plateau, i. ii.page 270
  • Andaman Islanders have no trace of literature, xvii. 2.
  • Andes, i. 11.
  • Ancestor-worship, ii. 2, x. 6, 7, 13, i. 6; closely allied with priesthood in New Zealand, vii. 18; basis of luxuriance of carved figures, xv. 7; confusion in native mind as to destiny of spirits of ancestors, xv. 7.
  • Ane, to blow, root common to Aryan and Polynesian, viii. 23.
  • Annam, iii. 9.
  • Arabia, iii. 1.
  • Aral Sea, i. 15.
  • Architecture, maritime and domestic in Polynesia advanced, xii. 7; of houses shows stratification, xii. 9, xx. 20.
  • Arctic animals' white winter coat due to devitalisation, iii. 6; Arctic zone, home of skin raiment, xiii. 3.
  • Areois, get to paradise, xi. 28; licentious actor-societies in Tahiti, xvi. 15.
  • Armenia, i. 10.
  • Arrow-heads in New Zealand probably only spearheads, xiii. 16.
  • Art, in early evolution of culture, xiv. 1; neolithic, symbolic and conventional, xiv. 2; Polynesian, had reached the symbolic in painting and sculpture, xiv. 3; in Hervey Islands highly conventionalised and ceremonial, xiv. 5; Maori art aims at symmetry and variety, xiv. 6; a development of neolithic art, xv. 15; Maoris and Polynesians show great contrast in static art, but not in dynamic or mobile art, xvi. 1; arts interdevelop or interobstruct, xvi. 24; art of Polynesia comes close to civilisation, xix. 1.
  • Artificial fire, discovery of, points to north, x. 19, 22; of little importance in tropics x. 22.
  • Arts and industries show striking contrast in Polynesia, xii. 1-20, xx. 11; only men's arts show advance, household or women's arts remaining palaeolithic, xix. 20, xx. 11-13, 16, 20.
  • Aryan races had village community, vii. 11; in early times templeless, vii. 19; languages in Indonesia before Malay, viii. 10; language in Indonesia and Polynesia, xx. 9, 10, 19; elements in Polynesia came chiefly from South Asia, viii. 34; at entry into India show affinity to Polynesian culture, ix. 14; influenced by Babylonia and Assyria, ix. 14; took to sea on coast of Scinde and Gujerat, ix. 15; religion, x. 11, 12, 13; culture looks to north, x. 18; idea of future life and Olympus like Polynesian, xi. 21; brought from Europe to Asia only woven and skin garments.
  • Asia (Southern) largely Caucasian, iii. 1; coasts of, preyed on by Malay pirates, xii. 2; who stopped migration into Polynesia, xx. 22.
  • Asia, West, East, and North, once Caucasian, iii. 2; stringed instruments and bows used all over, xvi. 22, 23; has two island bridges into the Pacific, one rising, the other subsiding, xix. 15; Polynesian bulb-culture, breadfruit, sugar-cane, and cocoa-nut came from South, xix. 19.
  • Asiatic central plateau, ii. 8, iii. 2, xx. 5.
  • Asia Minor, iii. 1.page 271
  • Assimilation makes meanings of Polynesian words difficult to classify, viii. 18.
  • Assyria, ix. 16, 19.
  • Ateamuri (New Zealand), i. 9, ii. 1.
  • Atlantic, megalithic track did not cross, i. 11, 12.
  • Atia-te-varinga-nui (probably India), starting-point of Polynesians, ix. 4.
  • Austral Archipelago, i. 8.
  • Australia, i. 13, iii. 2; Caucasianised, iii. 8, ix. 8.
  • Australians use primitive fire-drill, xii. 6; have no pottery, xix. 8.
  • Aute, paper-mulberry, introduced into New Zealand by Polynesians, xiii. 4, xx. 20.
  • Avaiki-te-Varinga, probably Java, ix. 5.
  • Avenues of colossal stone to mark entrance to tomb, ii. 3.
  • Babylon, v. 6.
  • Bahrein Islands, original home of Phenicians, ix. 11, 19.
  • Baikal, Lake, i. 15.
  • Baldur, x. 17.
  • Bamboos used for musical instruments in Tonga, Samoa, and Eastern Polynesia, xvi. 18.
  • Barbados, in the Carolines, iv. 8.
  • Barbed hook of wood thrown over war-party, xiii. 17.
  • Bark-cloth belongs to tropics, xiii. 2; art of making it less advanced in Africa and America than in Polynesia, xiii. 2.
  • Barrows, ii. 3-6.
  • Basketry in Polynesia poor in design, xv. 12.
  • Battle-adze rather a mark of office, xiii. 15.
  • Behring Straits, route of Mongoloids into America, ii. 7, v. 9, xx. 5.
  • Berbers, iii. 5.
  • Bird-figure, composite on bargeboards, xv. 6; bird-headed snakes in carvings, xv. 8; bird head and claw in Maori carving suggests the supernatural, xv. 9.
  • Black, a colour not sacred like red amongst Maoris, xiii. 7.
  • Black Sea, v. 3.
  • Blancos indicate a white race in Carolines and Ladrones, iv. 8.
  • Blondes of North, iii. 7, v. 3; in north of Central Asia, v. 4.
  • Bone-setters, Maoris expert, because cannibals and exhumers of bones, xiii. 24.
  • Border of mats made by men in New Zealand, xiii. 7.
  • Borneo, some natives of, get fire by striking or sawing pieces of bamboo, xii. 6; has nose-flute, xvi. 20.
  • Bow, practically absent from Polynesia and Micronesia, yet almost universal all round Pacific shores, xiii. 16; therefore no Melanesian or Papuasian substratum, xix. 7.
  • Brahmin caste result of memorizing the sacred writings, ix. 2.
  • British Columbia, turfed dwellings, xii. 9; bast fibre woven into cloth, xiii. 3; no spindle, threads rolled on thigh, xiii. 10, xix. 10; only single dugout canoes, xix. 18; culture like Polynesian, xx. 4; forests turned megalithism into huge timber architecture, xx. 6; long head and wavy hair not uncommon, xx. 7.
  • Broad heads through Central Europe, ii. 10.
  • Bronze and copper ages go back at least four or five thousand years, ii. 6; bronze age better defined, v. 9;page 272
  • bronze did not enter Polynesia, v. 9.
  • Bruce Bay, Westland, New Zealand; adze and sharpener found fourteen feet below soil of ancient forest, xviii. 21.
  • Buddhist inscriptions on kurgans, ii. 6; missionaries introduced copper and bronze into Malay Archipelago, v. 13; rulers of Java, viii. 34; no trace of Buddhism in Polynesia, ix. 13, 14, xi. 9.
  • Bull-roarer, used at tangi to drive off spirits, xvi. 9.
  • Bulotu, paradise of North Polynesia, vi. 3; to the north-west of Tonga, xi. 30.
  • Burial habits of Carolines and Ladrones, iv. 8; of Polynesians mixed, vii. 9.
  • Burmah, iii. 9, ix. 8.
  • Cambay and Cutch, Gulfs, home of sailor race, ix. 11.
  • Canary Islands had fair, longheaded people, iii. 5.
  • Cannibalism and fishing, xiii. 9; no trace of, in shell-mounds of pre-Polynesians in New Zealand, xviii. 18; contrasts with other phases of culture, xx. 18; came in from Melanesia with last conquerors; always sacred and aristocratic, but intermittent, xx. 21.
  • Canoe-making in New Zealand and British Columbia; single dugout, vi. 20; double in Polynesia; outrigger, South Asiatic, vi. 20, xix. 18; great forests made the dugout the model in New Zealand, vi. 21; building and management in Polynesia show stratification, xii. 13-20; aristocratic employments, xii. 15, xx. 20; generally sacred, xii. 15; double and outrigger canoe obstructed development of oarage, xii. 14; raft-canoes in New Zealand, xii. 16; canoes painted black in north of North Island, red elsewhere, xii. 17; earliest settlers must have been bold navigators, xii. 18, xx. 13; canoe-carving, unlike building and launching, had no human sacrifices; therefore aboriginal, xv. 4; rope-coil basis of canoe-carving, xv. 5; ocean-going canoes must have brought all the immigrants into Polynesia since palaeolithic times, xix. 20; canoe-carving and single dugouts came from north, xx. 20; canoe-shaped drum in New Zealand, xvi. 17.
  • Cape Maria, Van Diemen, Spirits' Leap in New Zealand, vi. 6.
  • Carolines, i. 7, 10, iv. 7, 8.
  • Carving on houses and canoes luxuriant in New Zealand and British Columbia, vi. 19, 20; shows Polynesian art at its highest; elaborate and ceremonial in Hervey group, it reaches its most luxuriant in New Zealand and in Easter Island, the culs-de-sac of the Pacific, xiv. 4; minutely symbolic in ceremonial carving, xiv. 5; on canoes and houses it is based on the human figure, and cannot have derived spiral from tattooing, xv. 1; got its spirals and coils from the forms and patterns that ropes take, resembling the withy patterns from basketry, xv. 2; no legends about carved figures on canoes, no sacred ritesevidently aboriginal, xv. 4; house-carving, as a rule, not so fine as canoe-carvingit is based on human figure, xv. 5; carved human page 273figures have mouths like masks of Cingalese devil-dancers and Greek actorsmeant to scare off spirits, like mediaeval demons and gargoyles, xv. 6; house-carving has generally an ancient under-world significance; for mere ornament on boxes it is realistically human, xv. 8; the three fingers or claws suggest the supernatural, xv. 9; a neolithic immigration from Japan must have brought artistic tastes for carving, xix. 19, xx. 20; carving and design came from the north, xx. 20.
  • Caspian, i. 15.
  • Cat's Cradle (whai) in Polynesia represents drama of creation, xvi. 9.
  • Caucasian division of mankind, i. 13, 14, 16, ii. 10, iii. 1; offshoot of negro, bred round the Mediterranean, iii. 4; blonde bred in north, iii. 6; made migratory by glaciation, iii. 7, 8, xx. 5, xx. 13; in South Asia, without blondes in old stone age, iii. 7, 8; blondes in neolithic migrations, iii. 9; became maritime in Indonesia, iii. 10; blondes more predominant on northern route, iii. 11, v. 3; both dark and fair in Carolines and Ladrones, iv. 8; contributes an element to the Akkadians, v. 6; and to British Columbians, vi. 22, xx. 4; in Indonesia before Malays, viii. 9, 10; seems to have come with Aryan speech into Polynesia from North Asia, viii. 33; came with Aryan speech by sea from India into Indonesia, viii. 36; and thence into Polynesia, viii. 37; Caucasianised peoples on the South Asiatic route of Polynesians, ix. 8, 23, xx. 13; raised bridge of Papuan and Melanesian nose and crisped the woolly hair, ix. 25; their fair-haired god, Tangaroa, xi. 4, 5; their route waymarked by megalithism, x. 12, xix. 19, xx. 6; and by long head and wavy hair, xx. 7; features only slightly obscured in Polynesia, xx. 8.
  • Caves, first dwelling-places of the living and first houses of the dead, ii. 2; cave-dwellers in New Zealand, Te Raouwai, xviii. 13; Te Kahui Tipua, band of Ogres, xviii. 14; in Clutha cave, xviii. 17.
  • Celebes, vi. 3, ix. 22, xvi. 20.
  • Celtic religion, xi. 20.
  • Central America, i. 11, 12.
  • Central Asia, v. 3, 4.
  • Ceram, in the north, has Polynesian-like peoples, ix. 8; the name the same as Ceylon, Herangi, and Zealand, ix. 10; on route of Polynesians, ix 22, xii. 2.
  • Ceylon, iii. 8, viii. 34; resting-place of Polynesians, ix. 10.
  • Chatham Islanders send their spirits north-west, vi. 6; must come from islands near the equator, xiii. 13.
  • Chiefship partly hereditary, partly elective, in Polynesia, vii. 13.
  • China (Southern), iii. 9; Northern, iii. 12; time of settlement, v. 7; had script early, ix. 20; music pentatonic, xvi. 16.
  • Clan in Polynesia, vii, 13.
  • Cliff-dwellings, i. 11.
  • Clothing changed from cold to hot climate, and again from hot to cold, as shown by Maori tattooings, xiv. 14; in New Zealand made Maoris change from body-tattooing to face-tattooing, xiv. 15.page 274
  • Columbia, British, v. 9, vi. 10, 12, 16-25, xx. 4, 6.
  • Consonants, the most shifting element in Polynesian, vii. 13.
  • Cooking, done by women in Polynesia; unclean for the men, vii. 5; originated in the north, x. 22; done in open in Polynesia, x. 22.
  • Copper Age early in Northern Asia, v. 7; but not clearly defined, v. 8; beginning not later than the third millennium before our era, xix. 3.
  • Cosmology of Maoris distinctly Aryan and Sanskritic, vii. 23; points to Vedic religion, xx. 19; the philosophical stage of religion, x. 8, xi. 12.
  • Cremation amongst aboriginals of New Zealand, vii. 9.
  • Culture much mixed in Polynesia, vii. 3, xx. 11, 18-20.
  • Cust, in North Canterbury, had three-mile-long pa built by Waitaha, xviii. 13.
  • Cutting weapons little developed in Polynesia, xiii. 15.
  • Dance and music as body and soul in primitive times, xvi. 2; originally pantomimic and religious, xvi. 3; in Polynesia oftener stationary, posturing as in worship, but conventionalised and secularised xvi. 4; dances monopolised by men continued religious, Maori war-dance contrast to Polynesian licentious dances xvi. 5; for war amongst the Maoris was most sacred, xvi. 6; war-dance best shows the pantomimic origin of dance, xvi. 7; Maori dance did not degenerate into the licentious till war grew less important, yet some of the women's dances go far back, xvi. 8; poi dance, vi. 9; dancing used to induce religious frenzy, xvi. 10; dancing and music originated, according to the Maoris, with the sister of Maui, xvi. 11; war-dance amongst Maoris gave rise to oratorythe fugleman in hakas had to be an orator, xvi. 14; drama developed out of dance in Tahiti and the Hervey group, xvi. 15; dance, music, and religion mould early literature, xvii. 3, 4; always guided Polynesian poetry, hence no need of accentual or syllabic rhythm, xvii. 19.
  • Dauri in Manchuria half-Caucasian, iii. 12.
  • Deluge myths influenced by Christianity in Polynesia, xi. 17.
  • Demonlike figures inside and outside of carved houses, and especially on food-stores, to scare off spirits, xv. 6; spirits unborn became demons, xv. 7.
  • Descents into hell belong to sun-myth, x. 24, 25.
  • Destiny of souls vague in Polynesia, xi. 26.
  • Dirges predominate in older Maori poetry, xvii. 15.
  • Dog (edible), introduced by Polynesians into New Zealand, xiii. 4; undomesticated dog before they came, xviii. 1, 17; two-headed dog used by ogres in legend of Te Kahui Tipua, of Clutha cave, xviii. 17; dog not represented in carved work of New Zealand, but only bird, snake, and lizard, xv. 8; yet the most sacred of all animals, its spirit went to the under-world by a different route from that of its master, xix. 14; probably came from South Asia with an earlier migration, xx. page 27520; most islands, including New Zealand, had dog introduced, xx. 21; skin and flesh of dog sacred to men in New-Zealand, xiii. 4, xix. 14.
  • Dolmens, i. 9, ii. 4.
  • Dramatic development of Eastern Polynesia due to luxurious environment, xvi. 15.
  • Drum and percussive instruments the most primitive and elementary, xvi. 17; drum ceremonial in Polynesia, elementary and warlike in New Zealand, xvi. 17; drums in Tahiti used in temples, war, dance, and dramatic performances, xvi. 18.
  • Dualism, germ of, in Polynesian myth, xi. 23.
  • Dusky Sound in New Zealand has remains of pit-dwellings, xii. 10.
  • Dyeing with red was secret and sacred, and must have come into New Zealand with the conquerors, xiii. 7; dyeing with black had nothing sacred about it, therefore aboriginal xiii. 7.
  • Dzungaria in Central Asia, had mixture of fair race, iii. 12.
  • Easter Island, i. 9, ii. 5; skulls found by Americans in tombs long-headed, iv. 12; stone fowl-houses, vi. 7; translation of tablet gives picture of farnorth winter, vi. 26, x. 18; script, ix. 18; colonisation, ix. 22; statues, x. 13; pottery non-existent, though once spoken of, xii. 5; paddle used as scull, xii. 14; cannibalism and fishing interlaced, xiii. 9; stone-carving, xiv. 4; floral and faunal tattooing, xiv. 10; the tattooing has often a face or bust, xv. 1; bird-god, Mekemeke, xv. 3, 8; backward kick of dancers a reminiscence of agricultural animals, xvi. 7; genealogies place the founding of the Polynesian colony in fifth century, xviii. 4; last to be settled, xx. 17, 20; only island with script, xx. 23.
  • Ebisu, pre-Japanese, v. 9.
  • Eddas, xi. 2, 10.
  • Egypt, pyramids, ii. 4; early frescoes show fair race, iii. 5.
  • Embalming in Polynesia, vii. 9.
  • Endymion, x. 17.
  • Engineering skill of megalithism is racial, i. 13; military art very advanced in New Zealand, xiii. 11; implies that Polynesians had well-matched foes when they arrived, xiii. 12.
  • Epidemics of Asiatic coast absent from Polynesia, proves long quarantine; so do the great effects of epidemics when they came, and the horror of ships approaching, xiii. 23, xix. 3.
  • Esquimaux, dark hue due to tallowy foods making pigment-forming organs large, iii. 6; no steam oven, vi. 11; have stone lamps and a few other things in common with the Maoris, vi. 15; use the oar in their large canoes, the paddle only in their small, xii. 13.
  • Fair-haired long-head early in North Africa, iii. 5; in Polynesia and New Zealand, iv. 12-15, 23; Caucasian and megalithic, vii. 1.
  • Fairies, fear of, in Pacific islands, iv. 9; all fair in New Zealand, iv. 15.
  • Fale-o-Le-Fee, i. 8.
  • Fernroot, specialty of New Zea-page 276landprimitive substitute for breadfruit, xiii. 18.
  • Fetichism apparent in Polynesian religion, vii. 20, xx. 18; a primitive phase of religion, x. 1, 2, 12.
  • Feudalism, traces of, all over Polynesia, vii. 14.
  • Finger-print spirals might have suggested tattooing spirals, xiv. 9.
  • Finns, ii. 10; Caucasianised before reaching Finland, iii. 11, v. 2, 4.
  • Fire-drill not found in Polynesia, x. 19, xii. 6; fire-plough universal in Polynesia, palaeolithic, xix. 11; not in India or Indonesia, x. 21, xii. 6.
  • Fishing and all connected with it sacred in Polynesia, xiii. 8; aristocratic and interlaced with cannibalism in New Zealand and Easter Island, xiii. 9.
  • Flint-flakes used alongside of polished weapons in Polynesia, xix. 4; those found in the valley of the Somme put human occupancy back at least a hundred thousand years, xix. 5.
  • Flute, very primitive in Polynesia, often with only one hole, never with more than five for fingers of one hand; nose-flute, for secular, chiefly amatory, purposes, xvi. 19.
  • Food-stores specially ornamented with demonlike figures to scare off spirits, xv. 6.
  • Food-stuffs, oldest in New Zealand palaeolithic, xix. 13.
  • Fortification, art of, in New Zealand, xiii. 11; xx. 11; hill-fortifications in Marquesas, xiii. 11.
  • Fortified villages in New Zealand and British Columbia, vii. 8.
  • Fowl (domestic), went through with later migration from South Asia to Eastern Polynesia, there sacred to men, xix. 14, xx. 20; missed some groups of islands, xx. 21.
  • Future life, idea of, moulded by various elements, xi. 19, 20; Polynesian, idea of, like Aryan, has all of these, xi. 21.
  • Fuegians have no literature, xvii. 2, iii. 6.
  • Games (children's) amongst Maoris, much the same as those of Europe and Japan, show their source in serious use by adults, xvi. 9; coming from Po, show their origin from the north, xvi. 9, 10; attributed by Maoris to the sisters of Maui, thus pointing back to matriarchate, xvi. 11; throw light on submerged races and religions, xvi. 12; children most conservative in games, xvi. 13.
  • Genealogies kept carefully, this goes with purity in married life, vii. 7; preservation of, one of the chief functions of Polynesian priesthood, vii. 18, ix. 2; often agree in different islands, ix. 3; link up men to gods, x. 15; of Chatham Islands, xii. 10; place the arrival of the six canoes in the fourteenth century, xviii. 1; of Hervey Islands, place departure from Indonesia in second or third century of our era, xviii. 4; of Easter Island place Polynesian colonisation of it in fifth century, xviii. 4; preservation of, shows great importance of land inheritance in New Zealand, xviii. 8; hymns too often mere genealogies, xi. 14.page 277
  • Glaciation drove the blondes into Northern Africa, iii. 7, v. 3; shepherded Caucasians, xx. 5, 14; drove North Asiatic plant-world south, but not over the sea, xx. 14.
  • Grammar of Polynesian modified in Indonesia, viii. 12; points to Aryan source, viii. 20.
  • Great Lady of Darkness, x. 19, 24, 25, xi. 24, xvi. 10.
  • Greenstone found in lowest layer of New Zealand shell-mounds with flints and less-polished implements, xviii. 16.
  • Gutturals most elusive in Polynesian, viii. 29.
  • Hades-Queens in Polynesia, xi. 24.
  • Haere aboriginal gods of rainbow, xi. 2.
  • Haidahs, vi. 9, 16, 19, 22.
  • Hakuturi, forest fairies of New Zealand, aboriginals that teach the Maoris the digging of single canoes, iv. 19; taught Rua, the Maori god of weaving, the art of weaving, xiii. 6; taught Maoris carving, xiii. 19.
  • Haliotis shell eyes as ornaments in New Zealand and British Columbia, vi. 19.
  • Haronga, xi. 7.
  • Hauhau religion, xvi. 10, xvii. 12.
  • Hawaii has spirit road to north, vi. 5; smaller forests made outrigger and double canoe necessary, vi. 21; had feudalists aristocracy, vii. 14; genealogies ix. 3; hymns, xi. 9, 15; stone refuges, xiii. 11; bow for shooting rats, xiii. 16; sledging, xvi. 12; used tetrachord, called ukeke, xvi. 22; poetry, tried to get accent on last word of every line, xvii. 19; monarchic movement, xviii. 6.
  • Hawaiki, the Polynesian birthland, vi. 3; Java, ix. 4, 5; sometimes the same as Po, xi. 30; passionately remembered, xvii. 16; three canoes from, xviii. 5.
  • Headform most constant mark of race, iii. 9.
  • Head-preserving in New Zealand, vii. 9; helped to make face-tattooing an art, xiv. 15, 16.
  • Healing art as finally in Polynesia came from South Asia, xx. 20.
  • Hearth centre of Teutonic social life, x. 22.
  • Heitiki, worn as amulet against unborn spirits, represents human embryo, xv. 7; of carved greenstone, xv. 10.
  • Herangi, a land ancestors of Maoris came from, probably Ceylon or Ceram, ix. 10.
  • Hercules, x. 17.
  • Hervey Islands, xi. 9, 15; have elaborate ceremonial wood-carving, xiv. 4, 5; developed drama, xvi. 15.
  • Himyarites, viii. 11, ix. 16, 19.
  • Hindu Kush slopes have tall blondes, iii. 9.
  • Hina laments in poetry the transformation of her husband into a dog, xvii. 15.
  • Hine-Takurua, Winter, xi. 7.
  • Hine-i-Tapeka, a goddess of natural fire, x. 19.
  • Hinemoa and Tutanekai, a romance, xvii. 10.
  • Hine-nui-te-po, x. 24, xvi. 10.
  • Hittite empire, v. 3.
  • Hoeroa, curved retrieving projectile of whalebone, xiii. 17.
  • Holua, Hawaiian name for tobogganing, meaning also winter northwind, points to north, xvi. 12.page 278
  • Hongi, xviii. 6.
  • Hooks and lines sacred, xiii. 8; barbed hook invented by Maui, xiii. 9; made of human bones, xiii. 9; wooden hooks used in war, xiii. 17.
  • Hoop, used as toy and as insult to dead enemy, xiii. 19, xvi. 9.
  • Horowhenua, lake-dwelling, xii. 9.
  • Hotu Matua, leader of Polynesian colony to Easter Island in fifth century, xviii. 4.
  • House-building, similar in New Zealand and British Columbia, vi. 19.
  • Huaki, carved human figure in bow of war-canoe, looking into it, xv. 3.
  • Hungary has traces of sun-noosing myth, x. 23.
  • Hunting stage, traces of, in Polynesia, xii. 12.
  • Ifi or ihi, Tahitian chestnut, ix. 4.
  • Ihara, musical instrument of Tahiti, xvi. 18.
  • Incantations for every act and event in the life of the Polynesian aristocracy, xvii. 11; chanted and intoned with responses, xvii. 12; have no regular rhythm, but only recurrent phrases, xvii. 13; out of the sphere of women, xvii. 14.
  • India, North, ii. 6; Caucasianised in old stone age, iii. 8; Mongolised, v. 3; as source of last migration into Polynesia, ix. 1, 4, 5; North-east, ix. 11; starting-point of great expeditions, ix. 12; Vedic system, ix. 13; emigration from, stopped by Malay piracy, xii. 2; pre-Aryan used fire-drill, xii. 6.
  • Indian mounds, i. 11.
  • Indians (American), vi. 9; have myth of noosing the sun, x. 23; moulded British Columbian face, xx. 4.
  • Indo-African continent bred negro, iii. 2.
  • Indo-China, iii. 8, 9, v. 3.
  • Indonesia terminus of southern megalithic route, ii. 7; Caucasianised in old stone age, iii. 8, 10; its culture in west of Micronesia, iv. 10; had no copper or bronze age, v. 13; no steam oven, vi. 11; Polynesian dialects there stripped of inflections, viii. 8; Aryan roots through it, viii. 34, ix. 7; home of breadfruit, ix. 4. breadfruit there substituted for rice by Polynesians, ix. 5; many expeditions from India into it just before our era, ix. 12; Polynesians left it before our era, ix. 22; piracy of Malays stopped immigration into Polynesia, xii. 2; had both bark-cloth and woven cloth, xiii. 3; linguistic relation to Polynesia, xviii. 2; no bronze or copper age, xix, 2; volcanic and rising belt of islands stretches south-east, xix. 15; linguistic question obstructed true solution of Polynesian problems, xx. 9, 10.
  • Indra, hymns to, xi. 10.
  • Indus, mouth of, ix. 11.
  • Infanticide in Polynesia, vii, 8, xviii. 8.
  • Io the supreme, xi. 1; in Tahiti Ihoiho, xi. 90; hymns to, and worship of, indicate tendency to monotheism, xi. 10.
  • Irania, i. 10, iii. 9.
  • Irawaru, legend of, xvii. 15.
  • Ireland, i. 11.
  • Iron not found in Polynesia, v. 11, xix. 2, xx. 22.
  • Iron Age goes back about three page 279thousand years, ii. 6; most clearly defined v. 11; closes megalithic age, v. 12, ii. 5, 6; followed on stone in Idonesia v. 13, xii. 2, xix. 2; began in Idonesia with, our era, xx. 22.
  • Irtish, v. 2.
  • Japan, i. 7, 10, 12-14, xii 11; entered by bronze-weaponed race about 1240 b.c., v. 9, xii. 2; foundation of empire in seventh century caused migration into Polynesia, v. 9, 10; no migration thence since sixth century before our era, xx. 22; both megalithic route and spirit route of larger Polynesian groups point to Japan, vi. 7; starting-point of line of islands that runs south-east, and this must have been less incontinuous in palaeolithic times, xix. 15; this is rising belt, xx. 13.
  • Japanese show ethnological kinship with Eastern Polynesia, vi. 7, xi. 12; probably absorbed artistic aboriginals, whilst driving others south, xiv. 11, xv. 15, xx. 20; their art shows some affinity to New Zealand art, xv. 15.
  • Java, i. 10, ii. 4, v. 13, viii. 12, 34, ix. 4, 12, 22, xii. 2, xvi. 20.
  • Jewish headform not constant, ii. 9.
  • Jew's-harp amongst Maoris and Ainos, vi. 8; mere slip of bark vibrated between the lips in New Zealand, xvi. 21.
  • Jhelum or Hydaspes, ix. 11.
  • Kabyles, iii. 5.
  • Kahui Tipua, or band of ogres, xviii. 14.
  • Kahukura in New Zealand legend learns net-meshing from fairies, iv. 15; rainbow-god, x. 11, 32; sun-god, xi. 1; watches over voyager, xi. 25.
  • Kaikomako, the wood for grooved fire-stick, x. 19.
  • Kakhyens often fair, iii. 9.
  • Kei, to reside, Aryan and Polynesian root, viii. 30.
  • Kelts, ii. 1.
  • Kerikeri (New Zealand), i. 9, xi. 8.
  • Khasi Hills, i. 10, ii. 5, 6.
  • Kitchen-middens many and large in New Zealand, and show stratification of relics of moa-hunters, xviii. 16; found far inland, and reveal advance in stone implements, xviii. 19.
  • Kite-flying used amongst Maoris as omen-indicators and sorcery weapons, xvi. 9.
  • Kiu-Tse, iii. 9.
  • Knuckle-bone goes back to palaeolithic times, xvi. 12.
  • Ko, stepped digger of New Zealand, xiii. 18.
  • Kopere dart thrown by lash, xiii. 17.
  • Kore or Nothingness, xi. 12.
  • Korea, i. 13, ii. 7, iii. 12, v. 9, x. 12.
  • Korotangi steatite petrel beautifully carved, vi. 7, xii. 11, xv. 11.
  • Kotaha, or throwing-stick, substitute for bow in Polynesia xiii. 17.
  • Kui aboriginals in New Zealand, iv. 14; got the land of New Zealand from Maui, and when conquered lived underground, xii. 10, xviii. 15.
  • Kumara introduced early, xiii. 18; kumara gods, x. 10.
  • Kumete, food-box, generally ornamented with realistic figures, xv. 8.
  • Kupe, x. 17, xvii. 9.page 280
  • Kura, or sacred stones, fetichistic, x. 10.
  • Kura-a-moo migrated into Hawa or Java, 65 b.c. ix. 5.
  • Kuratini stone dagger attached to cord, xiii. 17.
  • Kurgans, i. 6, ii. 6, v. 8.
  • Kurile Islands, v. 9.
  • L and r interchangeable in Aryan tongues and Polynesian dialects, viii. 26.
  • Ladrones, stone avenues, i. 7.
  • Lake-dwelling in New Zealand, xii. 9; from warmer zone, xii. 12.
  • Land-hunger natural to Polynesians in islets, not natural to Maoris unless with a huge aboriginal population, xviii. 8.
  • Landscape absent from Maori painting, as from all primitive painting, xv. 14.
  • Language not always an evidence of race, viii. 1.
  • Legends of gods and demigods in Polynesia contradictory, xvii. 5; difficult to harmonise, xvii. 6; this shows racial mixture, xviii. 8; later legend deals in the supernatural, but not in the divine, xvii. 9; shows evidence of moral progress, xvii. 10; their secularisation, xviii. 7; North Island legend mentions a dozen or more aboriginal peoples supernaturalised, xviii. 10; South Island legends take us back long before our era, xviii. 11-15.
  • Libyan, an early, fair-haired race, iii. 5.
  • Licence before marriage in Polynesia, vii. 7; xviii. 8.
  • Literature less a thing of books in early times, xvii. 1; exists even amongst savages, but a true literature only when it has a diction distinct from daily conversation, xvii. 2, 3; music, dancing, and religion first mould it, xvii. 3; prose first rejects the aid of these, xvii. 4.
  • Loki, x. 17.
  • Long head of negro, ii. 10; long head with fair complexion early in North Africa, iii. s; long-headed skulls in Siberian graves, iii. 12; in graves in Ponape, iv. 7; long-heads in British Columbian tribes, vi. 22, xx. 4.
  • Loom absent from Polynesia, only upright framework usedMalays had it, xiii. 10, xx. 11.
  • Lord North Island, stone busts, i. 10.
  • Love of children strong in Maori, xvii. 17; love of nature strong in Maori poetry, xvii. 18; love of old home vigorous in Maori, xvii. 16.
  • Love-songs of lawful love predominate in later Maori poetry, xvii. 15.
  • Macedonians not maritime, ix. 11.
  • Madagascar, megalithic monuments, ii. 7, 10, viii. 12.
  • Magic and witchcraft from South Asia, x. 14, xiii. 26.
  • Magyars, ii. 10.
  • Mahuiki, goddess of artificial fire, x. 19.
  • Makutu, vii. 22, x. 14.
  • Malagasy, viii. 8, viii. 10, 11; iron culture, xii. 2, xvi. 7, xvi. 22.
  • Malay Peninsula, i. 10, 13.
  • Malayo-Polynesian fallacy, viii. 2, 8, 34, 35, xiii. 10, xviii. 2; xx. 9, 10.
  • Malays, i. 14, iii. 10, v. 13, viii. 8, 9, 36-38, ix. 22, xii. 2, xiii. 10, xvi. 22, xviii. 2, 3, xix. 8, xx. 9, 22.page 281
  • Mammals never came into Polynesia except by help of man: no continuous land-bridge since evolution of mammals, xix. 16.
  • Mammoths found in Siberia with chipped flints, v. 3.
  • Manahiki group sends Maui to Tangaroa for fire, x. 22, xi. 4.
  • Manchuria, pyramids, ii. 4, iii. 12; Ainos in it, v. 9.
  • Mangaians in Hervey group dislike fair hair, and call foreigners sons of Tancaroa, iv. 23; worship Io, xi. 10; elaborate symbolic carving, xiv. 5.
  • Man-tse, iii. 9.
  • Manu, laws of, ix. 13, xi. 13.
  • Manuherikia plains, steam oven found fourteen feet below surface, vi. 13, xviii. 20.
  • Maoris, resemblances to British Columbians, vi. 14, 16, 18, 19, 21-23, ix. 2; have a few resemblances to Esquimaux, vi. 15; their mythology begins with cosmology that must come from South Asia, vii. 23; passion for war, xviii. 6; passion for land argues struggle with aborigines, xviii. 8; their carved figures not idols, x. 13, xiii. 24, 25, 27, xiv. 1; their mythology reveals medley of stages, x. 15; mind poetically mystical, xi. 13; their art aims at symmetry and variety, xiv. 6; their language not agglutinative, but shows inflectional relics, pointing to Aryan origin, viii. 3; isolating like English viii. 4, 5; grammar the result of the collision of two languages, viii. 6, 7; the passive verb is a middle like Aryan, viii. 6; meanings of words ambiguous, viii. 18; roots like Aryan roots, viii. 21, 22; their weapons were of greenstone, bone or wood, xii. 3; their tools often palaeolithic, xii. 3.
  • Maps of twigs in Polynesia, xii. 19.
  • Maraes, x. 12.
  • Marakihau, composite sea-monster with tube-like tusks, xv. 3.
  • Marama, the moon, xi. 7.
  • Marere-o-Tonga, aboriginal god of peace, xi. 32.
  • Maritime demigods and heroes alike with Polynesians and European Aryans, x. 17.
  • Marlborough Sounds, New Zealand, xii. 5; pit-dwellings, xii. 10, 11.
  • Marquesas, vi. 7; genealogies, ix. 3; maraes, x. 12, xi. 15; canoe not to be touched by women, xii. 15; hill-forts, xiii. 11; dancing-stilts, xiii. 21; floral and faunal tattooing, xiv. 10; stilt dance, xvi. 10; genealogies go back one hundred and forty-five generations, xviii. 5.
  • Marriage rite insignificant in Polynesia, vii. 7; yet married life pure, vii. 7.
  • Marshall Islands, i. 8.
  • Maru ruler of the three lowest circles of heaven, xi. 6; war-god of South Island and of New Zealand, xi. 32; invoked in fishing, xii. 8.
  • Mataora, who taught spiral tattooing to Maoris, had to visit Po to learn it, xiii. 19, xiv. 11.
  • Matriarchate all round Pacific, vi. 16, x. 20, xix. 11, 12; indicated by Maori goddesses, originators of music, dancing, and games, but pre-Polynesians further removed from it than Polynesians, xvi. 11; page 282thrown off early by Aryans, xvii. 14; rules Po, x. 20; relic of, in Polynesian fire-production, x. 20; belongs to palaeolithic times, x. 21; modifies from Melanesia the position of Tongan women, xvii. 14; patriarchate substituted for, by later male immigrants, xix. 12.
  • Mats and feather-mats poor in design, not pre-Polynesian in New Zealand, xv. 12.
  • Maui like Loki, x. 17; the fire-bringer, x. 19, 21, 22; noosing the sun means migration from northhe is northern culture-hero, x. 23; fishing up land belongs to volcanic archipelago, x. 24; entering into the womb of Darkness, like descents into hell, points north, x. 24, 25; his myth has a sun-god as nucleus, xi. 2; confused with Tangaroa, xi. 4; invents barbed hook, xi. 5, xiii. 9; not South Asiatic, xi. 4; first fish of Maui, xiii. 9; prostrate figure under carved spirals of bow piece of canoe, xv. 3; name of cat's cradle and of witchcraft, xvi. 9; a drama that represents adventures of Maui xvi. 10; his sisters originate games, music, and dancing, xvi. 11; his story very varied, xvii. 5; turns Irawaru into dog, xvii. 15; gives the land to the Kui, xviii. 15.
  • Mauritania, i. 6, ii. 4.
  • Maya carvings on monuments, ii. 6.
  • Median route along north-east of New Guinea, x. 22.
  • Medical art largely incantations, xiii. 23, and influence of imagination, xiii. 24; taught in sacred house, a branch of religion, xiii. 24, 25.
  • Mediterranean, ii. 2, 7, 8, 10, iii. 4, 5, 7, v. 5, ix. 11.
  • Medium head of Caucasian with much wavy hair, ii. 10.
  • Megalithic monuments and tracks, i. 5-16; age of, and migrations, ii. 1-8; track from Japan into Polynesia, iv. 3, 5, 9, 10, v. 2, 9, 12; megalithic people before Ainos source of resemblance between Japanese culture and Polynesian, vi. 7, 8, xii. 11; megalithic route along the north explains the ethnological resemblance of New Zealand and British Columbia, vi. 25; megalithic race Caucasian, vii. 1, xix. 12; megalithic chamber for preserving the dead, vii. 10; megalithism in Madagascar, viii. 12; in Eastern Polynesia, x. 12; megalithic forts in Rapaiti, xiii. 11; megalithic people came into Polynesia from north, xix. 12; along island-bridge that is now a line of atolls and coral islets, xix. 15, 16; origin of Polynesian megalithic monuments, xx. 3; megalithism way-marked the track of the Caucasians, xx. 6.
  • Mekemeke great god of Easter Islanders, composite of bird and man, xv. 3; like composite bird-figure in Maori carvings, xv. 6, 8.
  • Melanesia has matriarchate, iv. 25; has steam-oven sporadically, vi. 11; Melanesian elements of culture in Polynesia, ix. 25; has pottery, xii. 4; only vessels, xii. 5; has bow, whilst Polynesians have none, xiii. 16, xix. 6, 7, 8; gave by inter-marriage negroid features to Polynesians, xx. 21.page 283
  • Men mould the vocabulary of a language, viii. 14.
  • Mentawi Islanders like Polynesians, ix. 8, 10.
  • Mere, modification of club or braining weapon, peculiar to Maoris, xiii. 13; yet reported from Peru and North America, xiii. 13.
  • Mesopotamia had Mongoloid empire, v. 6.
  • Metals, none in Polynesia, xii. 2.
  • Micronesia, i. 12, ii. 8, iv. 6, 24, 25, vi. 9, ix. 22, xiii. 16, xix. 15-18; xx. 6.
  • Miratuatini, or sawing knife, xiii. 15.
  • Miru rules in Po, xi. 24; has evil deities round her, xi. 25, xvi. 19.
  • Moari (giant's stride), part of Hauhau religion, like dervish whirlings, to induce frenzy, xvi. 10.
  • Moas, relics of moa-hunters in shell-mounds of New Zealand, various types in different strata, xviii. 16; extinction of moa contemporary with burning of forests in Otago and Canterbury, closely connected, xviii. 18; moas scarcer in later strata of shell-mounds, xviii. 19.
  • Moko, an aboriginal brigand who lived in a cave in the Waipara, xviii. 13.
  • Moko Kuri older style of tattooing by dots and dashes, xiv. 10; could not have developed into spiral, xiv. 11; moko, a heraldic blazon, xiv. 17; and used as signature, xiv. 17.
  • Mokoia stone god, vii. 20.
  • Monarchy, no movement towards it in New Zealand such as there was in other parts of Polynesia, xviii. 6.
  • Mongolia, iii. 12.
  • Mongoloid Caucasians in British Columbia, vi. 22.
  • Mongoloids not megalithic, i. 13, iii. 11; only land-migrants, i. 14, ii. 7, iii. 1, 3; bred in Central Asia, iii. 2, 8, 10-12, v. 2, xx. 5; element in Malagasies, viii, 12; no element in Polynesians, viii. 12, xii. 2; would have brought bow into Polynesia, xiii. 16; and stringed instruments also, xvii. 23; broad-heads, xx. 4.
  • Mongols (northern) last to move, v. 4; time of migration, v. 5, 7, 9.
  • Monoliths to mark entrance to megalithic chamber, ii. 3.
  • Monotheistic tendency in esoteric Polynesian religion, xi. 9, 10; belonged to last immigrants, xi. 15; obscured by aboriginal elements, xi. 16.
  • Morality of Maori legends and stories improves, xvii. 10.
  • Morioris, dialect rejects like Polynesian dialects near equator, viii. 13; genealogies, ix. 3; Semitic features, x. 14; absorbed pit-dwellers, xii. 10; used paddle as oar, xii. 14; too unwarlike to give the habit to others, xii. 14; raft-canoes, xii. 14, 16; identified with New Zealand aboriginals, xviii. 1; genealogy of one hundred and eighty-two generations, xviii. 5.
  • Mortar and iron tools put an end to megalithism, ii. 5.
  • Mu, to sound, Polynesian and Aryan root, viii. 25.
  • Music rarely divorced from dancing in early culture, xvi. 2; mere rhythmic noise, xvi. 2; obstructed the development of dancing by its elementary character and limited range, xvi. 16; could not get beyond the pentatonic, page 284xvi. 16, 19; instruments in Polynesia very primitive, chiefly drums and limited flutes and trumpets, xvi. 17-24.
  • Mystical vein in Polynesian religion, xi. 9, 10, 13, 14.
  • Naga Hills, i. 10, ii. 6.
  • Navigation as needing long absences from home has always been out of the sphere of women, xiii. 1.
  • Nearchus sailed to Sumatra, 323 b.c., ix. 11.
  • Negroes and negroids not megalithic, i. 13, iii. 1; not maritime, i. 14, iii. 3; not far-migratory, ii. 7, iii. 3; bred in Indo-African continent, three varietiesAfricans, Papuasians, and Australians, iii. 2, 10; negroid blood in aristocracy of Polynesia, negroid features in Polynesian ideal of beauty, x. 24, 25, xviii. 3, xix. 7, 9, xx. 8, 21; Negrito, iii. 2.
  • Neolithic culture aristocratic in Polynesia, xii. 3; art conventional, xiv. 2; neolithic and palaeolithic implements used together in New Zealand, but show advance in shell-mounds, xviii. 19; neolithic polished adze found fourteen feet below soil of ancient forest in New Zealand, xviii. 21; Polynesian agriculture neolithic, xix. 13; one neolithic migration from the north was megalithic, one had artistic taste, xix. 19; easily subdued palaeolithic people, xx. 16.
  • Nets and net-making in Polynesia not to be touched by women or cooked food, xiii. 8; net used in war, xiii. 17; fibres rolled on thigh to make string and rope, xix. 10.
  • New Guinea, only the west of it had iron, v. 13, viii. 38; route of Polynesians, ix. 22; had Polynesian colonies on north-east coast without bow or pottery, xix. 6.
  • New Zealand, a small Stonehenge at Kerikeri, and a megalithic row at Ateamuri, i. 9; urukehu, or redheads, frequent amongst Ureweras and people of King country, where aborigines are known to have been absorbed, iv. 13; Turehu, Tutumaio, and Kui, pre-Maori dwellers, iv. 14; the fairies of Maori legend are all fair, iv. 15; as cul-de-sac for Pacific migrants shows most evidence of various aboriginals, iv. 22, xiii. 12, xiv. 4; its great forests changed megalithism, v. 12; has spirit-road to north, vi. 5; had half-underground dwellings of Arctic regions, vi. 13; has jade ornaments and steatite vessels, vi. 19; received most varieties of immigrants, and reveals most complexity of culture, vii. 1, 2; shows contradictory attitude to women, old men, and children, vii. 8; variety of burial habits, vii. 9, 10; has village community, vii. 11; tribal stage in religion more prominent than family stage, vii. 17; has sacred building for teaching genealogies, legends, and rites, vii. 19; pre-Polynesian aboriginals in family stage of religion, vii. 22; makutu and development of magic evidently from South Asia, vii. 22; genealogies, ix. 3; no pottery, xii. 5; composite culture and race, xii. 8; various types of house-building, xii. 9-12; great page 285forests developed single dugout, xii. 15; Polynesians brought to New Zealand bark-woven and skin clothing, but tapa predominated, aute was brought, and used for chiefs' fillets, xiii. 4; flax must have developed textile art long before Polynesians, xiii. 6; more than fifty varieties of flax with their special uses prove its cultivation and use for thousands of years, xiii. 7; nets and net-making tapu, xiii. 8; cannibalism and fishing interlaced, xiii. 9; no spindle, threads rolled on thigh, xiii. 10; far ahead of Polynesia in fortification and siege-work, xiii. 11; one Melanesian bow found in clay in New Zealand, xiii. 16; wood-carving most luxuriant, xiv. 4; tattooing a fine art, xiv. 10; static art very advanced, xv. 15; developed from neolithic or conventionalised art, xv. 15; war-dance a special development, xvi. 6; degeneracy in dancing later in New Zealand than in Polynesia, xvi. 8; bracing climate and hard conditions obstructed evolution of drama from dance, xvi. 15; drum elementary, warlike, aboriginal, and maritime, xvi. 16; percussive music very elementary, xvi. 18; flute blown by right nostril, xvi. 19; no bamboo, legbone of enemy used for flute, xvi. 20; trumpet monitory, xvi. 21; improved moral atmosphere of later legends, xvii. 10; incantations not shared in by women, xvii. 14; age of human occupancy, xviii. xix; only group that has had surface broken, hence only group that has given ancient relics, xviii. 22; Crozet tried to teach the Maoris the potter's artit took no root in spite of good clay, xix. 9; oldest staples of food palaeolithic, xix. 13; the dog the only domestic animal that came to New Zealand, xix. 14, xx. 21; not peopled in palaeolithic times, xix, 21; but late in neolithic times, xx. 17.
  • Ng rejected as a sound by all Polynesians except the Maoris of the North Island of New Zealand, viii. 13.
  • Ngaitahu, xviii. 11.
  • Ngatiawa had male expert beaters of tapa in New Zealand, xiii. 4.
  • Ngatimamoe, xviii. 11.
  • Ngatimokotorea aboriginals in north-west of New Zealand, iv. 13.
  • Nirvana, germ of, in Polynesian Ameto, xi. 26.
  • Nomadism by land and sea, traces of, in Polynesia, vii. 12.
  • Noosing of sun to shorten day means migration from the north, x. 23.
  • Nootkas, vi. 9, 16, 19.
  • North Pacific origin of many Polynesian habits, vi. 26.
  • Nose-flute peculiar to Polynesia, Celebes, Borneo, and Java, xvi. 19; came into Pacific from Indonesia in ancient times, used in amatory music, xvi. 20.
  • Nukuhiva had its paradise in the clouds, xi. 29; men alone join in religious dance, xvi. 5; used monochord called utete, xvi. 22.
  • Oarage development barred in Polynesia by outrigger and double canoe, xii. 14.
page 286
  • Odyssey, x. 17.
  • Old Testament, affinity of Maori mind for, xi. 11.
  • Olympus must have consisted of goddesses under matriarchate, x. 20; in Polynesia varies greatly in different groups, xvii. 6; art of moulding it long secularised, xvii. 7; closed in later legend, xvii. 9.
  • Onewa, Polynesian war-club, xiii. 13.
  • Oratory in New Zealand developed from war-dance, and so remained religious, masculine, mimetic, and extemporaneous, xvi. 14.
  • Outrigger came from south of Asia, xii. 14.
  • Pacific coast of America had carvings on monoliths, ii. 6, 8; the end of two megalithic routes, ii. 7; no unbroken land into Pacific since evolution of mammals, xii. 18; people on both sides use bow in war, xiii. 16; raising of temperature in North Pacific, xx. 5.
  • Paddles retained by Polynesians even in large single canoes, xii. 13; but used by Morioris like oars with fixed leverage, xii. 14; and by Easter Islanders as sculls, xii. 13.
  • Painting in Polynesia allowed greater freedom in grouping symbols, xvi. 3; comes first, as it arises naturally from primitive personal adornment, xiv. 4.
  • Pakeha, name for white man amongst Maoris, iv. 21.
  • Pakuru, a Maori percussive musical instrument for amatory music, xvi. 18.
  • Palaeolithic culture in Polynesia, xii. 3, 5-7; belonged to household arts 8; art truer than neolithic, inspired by totemism, xiv. 2; New Zealand art not palaeolithic, xv. 15; palaeolithic route into Polynesia was from Japan south-eastwards, xix. 15; palaeolithic arts in Polynesia, xx. 11, 12.
  • Pamir plateau has tall blondes, iii. 9.
  • Panpipes in New Zealand and Tonga, reeds arranged without regular scale, xvi. 21.
  • Pantheons of Polynesia rarely agree except in names of the gods, xvii. 6; changed in a revolutionary way, xvii. 8.
  • Papa, Mother Earth, equivalent to Teutonic Herthus, xi. 3; legend varies, xvii. 5; name of Hawaiian sledge, papareti, the Maori name, xvi, 12.
  • Papuasia, iii. 2, 8, iv. 25, vi. 11; has pottery, xvii. 4; has bow, xiii. 16, xix. 6, 7; gave negroid features to Polynesians, xx. 21.
  • Paradises of tribes are often their birthland, vi. 1, 2; for warriors in Western Polynesia, xi. 27; luxurious and for aristocrats in Eastern Polynesia, xi. 28; uncertain in West and South Polynesia, xi. 30.
  • Pas fortified, xiii. 11, 12; three-mile-long stone fortified pa at Cust, xvii. 1, xviii. 13.
  • Patriarchate universal in Polynesia and Micronesia; affiliates in this to North Pacific, iv. 24, vi. 16; divides matriarchate of America from matriarchate of Papuasia and Melanesia, iv. 23; rules heaven, x. 20; rules medical art of Polynesia, xiii. 24.
  • Patupaiarehe (fairies), aboriginals of New Zealand iv. 14, xii. 11; abhorred kokowai and cooked food, and had no page 287karakia iv. 16, vii. 8, 21, 29; no rites, and therefore no priesthood, vii. 22; taught the Polynesian immigrants gentler ways of life, iv. 17; taught them ornamentation, iv. 18, xiv. 18; had no magic, x. 14; had raft-canoes, xii. 16; belonged to the north of the North Island of New Zealand, where the canoes were not painted with red, but with black, xii. 17; for dyeing with black had nothing religious about it amongst the Maoris, xiii. 7; taught the Maoris the mesh of their nets, xiii. 9.
  • Paumotas, i. 8, ii. 4.
  • People - of - the - Hollows pre-Japanese, v. 9, vi. 7, 8, xii. 11.
  • Percussion the favourite form of instrumental music in Polynesia, xvi. 18; sometimes by beating bamboos, sometimes by striking them on the ground, oftenest in dancing by striking parts of the body, xvi. 18.
  • Persia, iii. 1, 9; Persian Gulf, vi. 3.
  • Personification of lesser features of nature, x. 3; of greater phenomena, x. 4.
  • Peru, i. 11, 16, ii. 4, xii. 5, xiii. 13; Inca weapon, xiii. 17; balsas, xx. 13.
  • Phenicians, ix. 11, 12, 19.
  • Phonology of Polynesian modified in Polynesia, viii. 13; more extended in Malay and Malagasy, viii. 13; very simple, viii. 13, 14, xx. 10; shows stratification, viii. 19.
  • Pig went through with a later migration from South Asia to Eastern Polynesia, tapu to women, xix. 4, xx. 20; missed by some groups of islands, xx. 21.
  • Pihanga, roof-opening in Maori and British Columbian houses, vi. 26.
  • Pitau, Maori name for canoe spiral, central frond of tree-fern and a canoe without human figurehead; differences show that the analogy is an afterthought, xiv. 7, xv. 2.
  • Pitcairn Island, i. 9, xx. 20.
  • Pit-dwellings in New Zealand, xii. 10; in Japan, xii. 11; from cold north, xii. 12.
  • Piwakawaka spoils Maui's attempt at immortality, x. 25.
  • Po, or under-world, x. 20, xi. 4, 12, 22, 23; ten zones of abhorrence, like Norse circles and those of Dante, xi, 24; germ of morality in zones, xi. 25; pleasanter to Maori than Christian heaven, xi. 27; sometimes Hawaiki, xi. 30; subterranean place of soulextinction of South Asiatics confused with paradise of the people from the north, xi. 31; source of games and charms, xvi. 9; hence these must have come from the north, xvi. 10, xx. 19.
  • Poetry did not need rhythm or rhyme, xvii. 19; remained aristocratic, xvii. 20.
  • Poi-dance, stationary and performed by girls, probably imitation of religious rite, xvi. 9.
  • Polity mixed in Polynesia, vii. 13-15, xx. 18.
  • Polygamy in Polynesia, vii. 5.
  • Polynesia, i. 7, 12, 16, ii. 4, 8; Polynesian culture fundamental in east of Micronesia, iv. 10, 11; people long-headed according to Hamy, iv. 12; a fair race in Polynesia, iv. 22, 23; has patriarchate, iv. 24, 25, v. 7, 10; had no iron, v. 11; no migration into, during our era, v. 13; Easternpage 288
  • Polynesia, vi. 7; has steam oven, vi. 11; could not have originated steam oven, vi. 13; feebler carving than in New Zealand or British Columbia, vi. 19; Polynesians, vi. 9, 10, 16, 18, 25, vii. 2-9, 18, 19, 22, 23, viii. 2, 8, 12, 13, ix. 4-9, 18, 19, 21-25; all races in it bold, navigators, xii. 18; Polynesians, astronomers and geographers, xii. 19; fishermen and sailors by instinct, xiii. 1; excel Africans and Americans in making bark-cloth, xiii. 2; did not sanctify the textile art, xiii. 3; South Asiatic immigrants brought tendency to woven and skin garments, xiii. 3; the club the fundamental weapon of, xiii. 13; Polynesians, though sun-worshippers, could not have come from Central America, where the wheel is common in art, xiii. 19; if all had come from South Asia, they would have brought wheeled traffic or the wheel, xiii, 20; Polynesian agriculture had double origin, xiii. 21; licentious dances, xvi. 6; brought into New Zealand tendency to degeneracy, xvi. 8; Eastern Polynesia developed drama out of dance, xvi. 15; music and musical instruments primitive, xvi. 17-24; linguistic relationship to Indonesia, xviii. 2; no likeness between Polynesians and Malays, xviii. 3; passion for land natural, xviii. 8; did not bring strong tendency to slavery to New Zealand, xviii. 9; no metal weapons, xix. 2, 3; none of the epidemics of congested centres of the Asiatic coast, xix. 3; no pottery, xix. 5, 6; no bow, xix. 7; therefore no negroid substratum, xix. 6, 7; from no region around could a potteryless household have come since palaeolithic times, xix. 8, 9; no spindle, xix. 10; fire-plough, xix. 11; domain of father-right, xix. 12; palaeolithic man came in from the north, xix. 15, 18; Polynesia, a museum of palaeolithic culture, xix. 17; white aborigines, xx. 1; negroid features came with conquerors, xx. 2; not peopled from America, xx. 3; megalithism continued in islands, xx. 6; Caucasian long head and wavy hair, xx. 7; no mongoloid element, only negroid, xx. 8; language not Malay or Turanian, xx. 9. 10; simplest of phonologies, xx. 10; isolated for tens of thousands of years, xx. 15; the palaeolithic settlers easily subdued by the neolithic, xx. 16; Polynesian colonies in Papuasia and Melanesia, xx. 21.
  • Ponape (Carolines), i. 10, iv. 10.
  • Ponaturi, a sea-people that preceded the Maoris, iv. 20; had magic, and probably came from South Asia, x. 14; gave carving models, xiii. 19.
  • Population grew with wonderful rapidity in New Zealand.
  • Pottery in Carolines and Ladrones, iv. 8; absent from Polynesia, xii. 4; Maori statuette, xii. 5, 11, xv. 1; a racial element that knew pottery seems to be implied in the Polynesian myth of the making of man by Tane, xv. 11; had pottery existed in Polynesia it would have reacted on the designs of basketry, xv. 12; absence of pottery from Polynesia disproves negroid substratum, xix. 6, 7;page 289
  • belongs to palaeolithic house-hold, xix. 8, xx 1; Crozet's attempt to teach the Maoris the art took no root, xix. 9; not due to absence of clay, xix. 1.
  • Pouaka, huge bird of prey in New Zealand myth, xv. 8, xviii. 18.
  • Priesthood in the evolution of religion, vii. 17.
  • Priestly families a necessity for the handing on of traditions, ix. 2.
  • Problems of Polynesia, xx.
  • Projectile weapons little developed in Polynesia, xiii. 16; throwing-stick and a few retrieving weapons, xiii. 17.
  • Prometheus, x. 16, 19, 22.
  • Prose first throws off influence of religion, music and dance, xvii. 4; in Polynesia democratised, xvii. 20.
  • Puhi-kai-ariki, carved human figure in stern of war-canoeseems to be blowing it on, xv. 3.
  • Punepa in Hawaii, i. 9.
  • Punjaub coast, starting-point of Polynesians, ix. 11; expeditions from, went to Java before our era, ix. 12; entered by Aryans, ix. 14, 21, xvii. 2,
  • Pyramids, i. 16, ii. 4; truncated, i. 5, x. 12, i. 7-9.
  • Queen Charlotte Islands, vi. 22.
  • Ra, an older sun-god, xi. 1; obscurely worshipped, xi. 7; had human sacrifice offered to him, xi. 7; stone circle at Kerikeri used for his feast, xi. 8.
  • Ra or la, to love, Aryan and Polynesian root, viii. 26; so ra or la, to sound, viii. 27, 28.
  • Rafter-painting is free in design, though limited in colour; revels in spiral and scroll; oftenest takes cue from leaves and flowers; conventionalises animals, xv. 13.
  • Rakaia encampment showed bones of dog and ungnawed bones, xviii. 17.
  • Rakaihaitu brought Waitaha to New Zealand in eighth century, xviii. 12.
  • Rangi, sun-god dethroned by newer sun-gods, xi. 1; the shining heaven, takes larger place in New Zealand mythology than in Polynesian, xi. 2; also called Raki, which, means north, xi. 2; torn from Papa, xi. 23; giver of life and, health, xi. 25; his legend very varied, xvii. 5.
  • Rapa-iti, i. 9, xiii. 11, xx. 20.
  • Rapuwai, a people in South Island of New Zealand subdued and absorbed by Waitaha in eighth century, xviii. 13; had come over sea and subdued Te Kahut Tipua long before, xviii. 14; during their period the moa became extinct, and the forests of Otago and Canterbury were burnt, xviii. 18; last to use shell-mounds, xviii. 19.
  • Rarotonga, ix. 3.
  • Rata, in Maori legend, has canoe dug for him by the fairies, iv. 19; and attacks a sea-people, the Ponaturi, iv. 20.
  • Raukata-Uri, and Raukata-Mea, sisters of Maui, goddesses of music, dance, and games, xvi. 11.
  • Raumati, Polynesian word for summer, points to north temperate zone, vi. 26, x. 18, xi. 7.
  • Rauparaha, departure from Kawhia, xvii. 16; his lament over his child, xvii. 17; would-be monarch, xviii. 6; page 290swooped down on South Island, xviii. 11.
  • Rebellion in heaven, Polynesian and Aryan, xi. 21, 22; Milton's like Polynesian, xi. 23.
  • Red (kokowai) a sacred colour amongst Maoris, xiii. 7.
  • Rehua, son of Rangi, rules four zones of heaven, xi. 6; god of love, xi. 25.
  • Rehuatamai, a lizard deity of aboriginals, xi. 32.
  • Religion shows stratification, vii. 16; in Polynesia shows both family stage and tribal stage, vii. 17; shows open-air rites and also sacred buildings, vii. 19; shows contradiction in attitude to images, vii. 20; full of contradictory attitudes and stages, vii. 23; xx. 18.
  • Rending of Heaven from Earth points to long winter darkness of north, xi. 22.
  • Reti, quadrangular staff of Ureweras, xiii. 17.
  • Rice-eating Polynesians became breadfruit-eating in Java, ix. 5.
  • Riding ancestry, traces of, in Polynesia, vii. 12.
  • Rigveda, xi. 10, 29.
  • Rock-paintings in New Zealand very crude; probably only signatures of travellers and pilgrims, xv. 13.
  • Rohe, wife of Maui, rules in Po, xi. 24.
  • Rohutu, Tahitian paradise, xi. 29.
  • Romance of love in Polynesia, vii. 7.
  • Rongo, xi. 1; at first god of fame, becomes god of light, brings evil into the world, and is the god of the kumara, xi. 3, 4, 23, 24; evil deity, xi. 25.
  • Rongoatua, leader of Te Rapuwai to South Island of New Zealand, xviii. 14.
  • Rongomai, full of goodness to the good, xi. 25; brings games and charms from Po, xvi. 9.
  • Rono, a Hawaiian god; Captain Cook taken for him, iv. 23.
  • Roots, many common to Aryan and Polynesian, viii. 31, 32; half of those beginning with k and m common, viii. 33.
  • Rope-making only by men in Polynesia, xiii. 8; rope patterns in carving, xv. 2; rope-work square and often braided in house carving, xv. 5.
  • Roria, or Jew's-harp, a slip of bark vibrated between lips, xvi. 21.
  • Rua, god of weaving-house in New Zealand, xiii. 6; ancestor of Maoris, learned mat-weaving from Hakuturi or wood-fairies, xiii. 6.
  • Ruaeo, a hero and not a god, xvii. 9.
  • Ruapupuke, in Maori legend, learns house carving from a sea-people, iv. 20.
  • Ruatapu, a beneficent god, xi. 25.
  • Saba, or Sheba, ix. 16.
  • Sahara, desiccation of, iii. 4.
  • Samoa, i. 8, ix. 23, xi. 3, xiii. 8, xiv. 14, xvi. 18.
  • Sanskrit, iii. 1, viii. 34, 36, ix. 2, 14; Sanskrit-speakers in Punjaub had much literature and no script, xvii. 2.
  • Scandinavian vikings, vi. 21, x. 17; paradise, xi. 27.
  • Scinde and Gujerat coasts had sailor race early, ix. 15.
  • Script absent from Polynesia except Easter Island, ix. 18.
  • Scroll-work of Maori carving differs from that of tattooing, page 291xv. 1; absent from baskets and mats, xv. 12.
  • Sculpture similar in New Zealand and British. Columbia, vi. 19; bound by symbols and conventions, xiv. 3; generally monstrous, xv. 6.
  • Sea-craft of Ladrones and Carolines, iv. 8; out of woman's sphere, xiii. 1.
  • Secularisation of legends and legend-making shows racial intermixture, xvii. 8; of poetry, admitted women to it in New Zealand, xvii. 15.
  • Semites, iii. 1; Polynesians not Semites, ix. 15-19; Semites had script long before our era, ix. 19, xx. 23; Semitic physiognomy in Polynesians, x. 14; no Semitic immigration into Polynesia, xx. 23.
  • Siberia, v. 2.
  • Siege, art of, very advanced in New Zealand, xiii. 11.
  • Shag Point in Otago; a shell-mound opened showed three strata of remains of moa-hunting, xviii. 16.
  • Slavery or disciplined labour needed for megalithism, ii. 5; slaves both humanely and cruelly treated in Polynesia, vii. 4; large place of slavery in New Zealand meant large aboriginal population, so also did the horror of it, xviii. 9.
  • Sling absent from New Zealand warfare, xiii. 17.
  • Solomon islands, ix. 23.
  • Sonants reduced to three in Polynesian, viii. 14; this produces elusiveness in Polynesian words, viii. 29.
  • Sorcery plays a large part in Polynesian medical art, xiii. 23, 26.
  • Southern Asia largely Caucasian, iii. 1.
  • Spears primitive in Polynesia, xiii. 14.
  • Spindle absent from Polynesia and British Columbia, xiii. 10, xix. 10, xx. 11.
  • Spiral common in New Zealand art, xiii. 19; origin of, xiv. 7-14; spiral of carving cannot come from that of tattooing, as it is based on the carving of the human figure, xv. 1; it is double and interlocking, whilst that of tattooing is single, xv. 2; absent from designs on mats and baskets, xv. 12.
  • Spirit-leaping-off-place in most Polynesian islands is on the west; but in Hawaii, on the north, vi. 4.
  • Steam-bath common to Arctic peoples and Polynesians, vi. 15.
  • Steam-oven only in Polynesia and British Columbia, vi. 11; its origin in frost-bound soil of the north, vi. 12; could not have arisen in Polynesia, vii. 4; found fourteen feet below the surface in New Zealand, vi. 13, xviii. 20; absence of pottery does not explain it, vi. 14; no essential connection with stone-boiling, vi. 15; the use of it ancient, and a woman's art, xx. 20.
  • Steppes, Caucasianised in prehistoric times, iii. 11.
  • Stilts, use of, in ceremonial and myth, points to sandy plain as birthland, xiii. 21; in Marquesan dance, xvi. 10.
  • Stone culture intense in Ladrones and Carolines, iv. 8; stone circles for solar worship, xi. 8; Stone Men of Japan, xi. 2, 11; Stone Age in Polynesia, xii. 2; both palaeolithic and neolithic, xii. 2; page 292stone forts in New Zealand, xii. 9; stone refuges for noncombatants in Polynesia, xiii. 11; stone carving elementary in New Zealand except in one or two examples, xv. 10, 11.
  • Stringed instruments and bows rare in Polynesia, common in Indonesia and Asia, xvi. 22, 23.
  • Sumatra, i. 10, viii. 12, ix. 8, 11, 12, xii. 6.
  • Sun-myths, x. 25; point to north, x. 25, xi. 1, xx. 19; two routes of sun-worship from Baltic zone into Polynesia; hence greater complication of Polynesian sun-gods, xi. 2.
  • Symbolism explains the conventionality of neolithic art, xiv. 2; conventionalises human faces in the Hervey group carving, xiv. 5.
  • Synonyms, numerous in Polynesian, viii. 17.
  • Syria, i. 10, iii. 9.
  • Tacitus in Germania, x. 11, xi. 3.
  • Tahiti, i. 9, vi. 7; genealogies, ix. 3; maraes, x. 12, xi. 4, 10; paradise, xi. 28, 29; has ceremonial bow, xiii. 16; develops drama, xvi. 15; people delighted with drums and bagpipes, xvi. 16; musical instruments chiefly percussive, xvi. 18; flute blown with left nostril, xvi. 19.
  • Taiaha, modification of club in New Zealand for piercing; mark of rank; came with conquerors, xiii. 13.
  • Tainui canoe had Te Peri, a fairy, on board, iv. 13, xii. 11.
  • Takaranga and Raumahora, a Maori romance of love, xvii. 10.
  • Takatakaputea, xi. 32.
  • Takuahi, or hearth, denned by four upright stones, vi. 26.
  • Tamarau, lizard deity of aboriginals, xi. 32.
  • Tamatekapua, xiii. 21; Arawa hero, steals on stilts, xvi. 10; not deified, only a hero, xvii. 9.
  • Tane, god of forest, xi. 1; god of light, xi. 3; his discovery of man, xi. 13; leads rebellion, xi. 23, xiv. 7; moulds man like a potter, xv. 11; his story contradictory, xvii. 5.
  • Tangaroa, x. 22, xi. 1; dethroned god of fair Caucasians from the north, xi. 4; a sun-god, and also god of darkness in Eastern Polynesia, xi. 4.
  • Tangiia, x. 17.
  • Taniko or Maori mat-border has angular designs, without spiral or scroll; evidently came from Polynesia, xv. 12.
  • Taniwha or chimera of coiled rope-work carved under deck of bow of canoe, xv. 3; often threatening carved human figures on barge-boards, especially of food-stores, xv. 6, 8; birdheaded chimeras meant to suggest supernatural, xv. 9.
  • Tapa, prepared by women in Polynesia, xiii. 2; brought to New Zealand by Polynesians, xiii. 4; used only for chiefs' hair in New Zealand; men tapa-beaters in that country, xiii. 4; designs taken from textiles, xv. 12.
  • Tapu system in Polynesia is fetichistic, vii. 21; probably pre-Polynesian, vii. 21, x. 10; tapu on nets and making of nets, xiii. 8; extension of power of tohunga, xiii. 24; tapu in tattooing, xiv. 16.page 293
  • Tarim basin occupied by fair race, iii. 12.
  • Tasman found Cook Straits swarming with natives in canoes, xviii. 7.
  • Tasmanians had legends and germs of drama, xvii. 2.
  • Tattooing alike in Japan and Eastern Polynesia, vi. 7; alike, in British Columbia and New Zealand, vi. 23; origin of, xiv. 8-11; a warrior's decoration, xiv. 12; tattooing of married women's lips and chin reveals conquering Polynesians' objection to fair skin of aboriginals, xiv. 13; sexual motif, xiv. 14; evidences in tattooing of changes of clothing and climate, xiv. 14, 15; the Maori fine art with the spiral and scroll-work probably aboriginal, xiv. 16-18; has no trace of the human figure in it, xv. 1.
  • Tawhaki recovers his father's bones from the Ponaturi, iv. 20; like Baldur, x. 17; a sun-god, xi. 1; rules three zones of heaven, xi. 8; goes to Po first, xi. 27; his story very varied, xvii. 5.
  • Tawhiri, the god of storms, xi. 3; punishes his rebellious brothers, xi. 23.
  • Tchudes, ii. 1, v. 8.
  • Te Anumatea, or bitter cold, marries Tangaroa, xi. 4.
  • Te Heuheu, the chief, a god whilst living, x. 15.
  • Te Kanawa Maori chief sees fairies, iv. 18.
  • Te Peri, fairy woman in Tainui canoe, iv. 13.
  • Tekoteko, squat human figure on ridge-pole, xv. 6.
  • Templeless open-air worship of Teutons and Polynesians, x. 11.
  • Teocallis of America like Polynesian megalithic monuments, xx. 3.
  • Tete, figurehead of war-canoe, human taking on appearance of sea-bird, xv. 3.
  • Teutonic religion, x. 11, 12.
  • Tewhatewha, modification of New Zealand club for cutting; mark of rank, xiii. 13.
  • Textile art belongs to primitive women, xiii. 2; as a whole not sacred in Polynesia, xiii. 3; the Maori women had to learn weaving from, priests with solemn rites, and weave the garments of warriors under cover, xiii. 5; textile art in New Zealand is both pre-Polynesian and Polynesian, xiii. 6; very primitive, no loom, no spindle, xiii. 10, xix. 10, xx. 20.
  • Theogony of Hesiod, xi. 13.
  • Thlinkeets, vi. 9, 12, 16.
  • Three fingers of carved human figures resemble claws to suggest supernatural, xv. 9.
  • Ti, the game of "How many fingers do I hold up," brought from Po, xvi. 9.
  • Tiki, or first man in Maori myth, moulded out of clay, vx. 11.
  • Tinirau, his legend varies, xvii. 5.
  • Titicaca, Lake, i. 11, ii. 4, 6.
  • Tiw, or Ziu, a sun-god, becomes Teutonic god of war, xi. 3.
  • Toboggan in New Zealand and Hawaii points back to snowy slopes of north, xvi. 12.
  • Tohunga had power of killing men by imagination, xiii. 24; recited genealogies and traditions, ix. 2.
  • Toi, pre-Polynesian people in New Zealand, iv. 13, xii. 10.
  • Tonga, i. 8, ii. 1, xi. 4; paradise, xi. 30; pottery, xii. 4, xix. 6; bow from Fiji, xiii. 16; body tattooings show sexual motif, xiv. 14.page 294
  • Tongan women less of drudges, vii. 8, xvii. 14; feudalistic aristocracy, vii. 14; Tongans used bamboos for musical instruments, xvi. 18; developed epic, xvii. 18.
  • Top, used by Maori warriors to provide chorus for dirge over dead, xvi. 9.
  • Totemism in Polynesia, vii. 20; in rock-paintings, ix. 18; the stimulus of palaeolithic art, xiv. 2; totem marks might have originated tattooing, xiv. 10.
  • Transmigration, germ of, in Polynesian religion, xi. 26.
  • Tree-dwellings, xii. 9; from tropics, xii. 12.
  • Trilithon, i. 8, ii. 4.
  • Trumpet is ceremonial in the Islands, and monitory in New Zealand; various kinds in New Zealand, xvi. 21.
  • Tu, god of war, a sun-god, xi. I, 3; rebel against Rangi, xi. 23; dwells in Po, xi. 24; an evil deity, xi. 25; his legend varies, xvii. 5.
  • Tuaregs often fair, iii. 5.
  • Tui-Tongas, tombs of, i. 8.
  • Turehu, an oboriginal people of New Zealand, name also given by natives to redheaded people, iv. 14; called fairies, yet absorbed by Maoris, xiii. 19; fairies that subdue the Tutumaiao, xviii. 15.
  • Turfed dwellings in New Zealand, xii. 9.
  • Turi, x. 17; married a tree-dweller, xii. 9; only a hero, not deified, xvii. 9.
  • Turks, ii. 10; Caucasianised before reaching Europe, iii. 11, v. 2, 4.
  • Turoa, lament of, xi. 13.
  • Tutewaimate Waitaha, hero, slain by Rapuwai, brigand, xviii. 13.
  • Tutumaiao in New Zealand drove Kui to live underground, xii. 10; subdued by Turehu, xviii. 15.
  • Tyr of the Icelandic Eddas, equivalent to Rangi, xi. 2.
  • Uenuku, a beneficent deity, xi. 25; rainbow-god of Maoris, xi. 32; enemy of Tamatekapua, xiii. 21.
  • Ui-te-Rangiora, an ancient navigator, x. 17.
  • Ukeke, Hawaiian stringed instrument, xvi. 22.
  • Ulysses, x. 17.
  • Umlaut, in Maori, viii. 6.
  • Underworld, myths of, uninfluenced by Christianity, xi. 17.
  • Upanishads, xi. 13.
  • Ural Mountains, iii. 11, v. 2, 3; copper early, v. 7.
  • Ureweras of New Zealand, iv. 13, 14, xi. 32, xiii. 17, xvi. 11, xvii. 12.
  • Uruao, canoe of Waitaha in eighth century, xviii. 12.
  • Urukeho, redheads of New Zealand, iv. 13, 14.
  • Us, to shine, Aryan and Polynesian root, viii. 24.
  • Ushas, xi. 10.
  • Utete, Nukuhivan stringed instrument, xvi. 22.
  • Vaitakere, father-in-law of Tangaroa, discovered breadfruit, his wife discovering ii, probably ifi, the chestnut, ix. 4.
  • Valhalla, in Asgard, the abode of the gods, xi. 27.
  • Valiha, bamboo violin in Madagascar and Malaysia, xvi. 23.
  • Vancouver Island, vi. 9.
  • Varuna, the Heavens, afterwards subordinated to Vishnu, x. 25, xi. 2.
  • Vatea, the daylight, takes the page 295place of Rangi in some Polynesian groups, xi. 2.
  • Veddahs, iii. 8, xvii. 2.
  • Vedic books, ix. 2; early system shows affinity to Polynesian religion, ix. 13, xi. 5, xx. 19; Vedas, ix. 14; hymns, xi. 13; not so like Polynesian religion as early Teutonic, x. 11; ancestor-worship subordinate, x. 13; Vedic poets, xvii. 19.
  • Vendidad, x. 18.
  • Vikings, x. 17.
  • Village community, basis of Polynesian social life, vii. 11; differentiates from Aryan village community, vii. 12.
  • Vishnuism, ix. 2, 12; no trace of, in Polynesian religion, ix. 13.
  • Vocabulary of Polynesian, large, viii. 15.
  • Waikiki, Hawaiian temple, i. 9.
  • Waipara, cave resort of Te Rapuwai, xviii. 13.
  • Wairua, spirits of unborn demons, carved figures between the knees of ancestral images, xv. 6. 7.
  • Waitaha, exterminated in the sixteenth century, xviii. 11; reached New Zealand in eighth century, xviii. 12; had trouble in subduing and absorbing Te Rapuwai, xviii. 13, 18.
  • Waitangi, Treaty of, ii. 6.
  • Walrus tusks, suggested by carvings in stern-piece of canoes, xv. 3.
  • War at basis of culture of British Columbians and Polynesians, vi. 18, x. 14; originated tattooing, xiv. 17, 18; extraordinary development of the art of war argues large hostile population in New Zealand when the Polynesians arrived, xviii. 6.
  • Waraki, Maori name for white men, iv. 21.
  • Weaving, special house amongst the Maoris for teaching women the art, xiii. 5; Rua, god of weaving, xiii. 6.
  • Whai (cat's - cradle), brought from Po by Rongomai, xvi. 9.
  • Wharekura, sacred building for teaching religion in New Zealand, vii. 19, ix. 2; all the arts but navigation taught in it, xii. 20; incantations and medical art taught in it, xiii. 24; handed on no legends of carved figures of canoe, xv. 4.
  • Wheel, absence of, points to North Pacific, xiii. 19.
  • Whiro, x. 17; god of thieves and source of evil, xi. 25.
  • Wild men in the interior feared by Maoris, xviii. 10, 17.
  • Witchcraft and magic saturated Polynesian life, vii. 22, xiii. 23.
  • Women, position of, similar in Polynesia and British Columbia, vi. 17; treated like slaves in Polynesia, vii. 5; and also with honour, inheriting like men, vii. 6; women of aboriginals in New Zealand taken by conquerors, vii. 8; they mould the phonology and grammar, viii. 14; kept alive the palaeolithic arts, xii. 8, xix. 9-13; could take no part in navigation, xiii. 1; did most of the cloth-making in Polynesia, xiii. 1-7; excluded from net-making and rope-making, xiii. 8; take part in agriculture, xiii. 22; no part in healing, xiii. 23; would not have performed in Polynesian dancing, had it not been largely secularised, xvi. 4; some dances remained religious and did not admit them, xvi. 5; some of the women's dances in New Zea-page 296land must go far back, xvi. 8; women shared in the religious poetry in New Zealand and in Polynesia, xvii. 14; came into Polynesia only in palaeolithic times, xix. 9, 20, xx. 12, 13; no advance in women's arts in Polynesia since palaeolithic times, xix. 20, xx. 20; whatsoever is done by women in Polynesia is ancient, xx. 20; not allowed to eat human flesh, xx. 21.
  • Words common to European Aryan tongues and Polynesian dialects, viii. 33.
  • Wusuns, a fair race driven back by Chinese, iii. 12.