Fishing Methods and Devices of the Maori
Index
page 253
Index
A
- Ahi patapata, a ceremonial feast, 17, 170. (See also Ceremonial.)
- Ahi rara ika, a fish-curing process, 224. (See also Eels, how dried; Fish, dried; Inanga.)
- Ahi rara tuna, fire and rack for curing eels, 114, 116, 119. (See also under Eels.)
- Ahi-tahurangi, Te (myth), 80, 238.
- Aho a Maui, 248.
- Ahurangi, 246.
- Ahuriri form of net, 26.
- Aitanga a Tangaroa, a term for fish, 80, 238. (See also Tangaroa.)
- Angas and his weird weir, 156.
- Anguilla and eels, 83, 84.
- Appendices, Maori text, 230.
- Arai-te-uru, (1) a sea monster, 80, 238; (2) name of a deep-sea vessel, 80.
- Arawaru, a forbear of shell-fish, 74, 238.
- Ashes, eels rolled or liberated in, 102, 103.
- Atahu. (See under Shell-fish.)
- Atua (gods).
- Authorities quoted in text, 251.
- Auwai implement (fish-stringer), (syn. autui, auika), 46.
B
- Bait
- Bait-bag, 61.
- Bait-pots placed in eel-pots, 179.
- Bark eel-pots, 188.
- Barracouta.
- Barracouta-fishing, 54, 239.
- Barracouta-hooks, 42, 51, 52, 54.
- Binary system of numeration, 107.
- Bird-snaring, 104.
- Birds connected with Rehua, 201.
- Birth ceremonies, offerings at, 73.
- Bob.
- Bobbing
- Bodkin for stringing fish, 46.
- Bone implements, 34, 36, 75-76.
C
- Calendar, fishermen's 109-113, 218, 248, 249.
- Canals of Marlborough, eels taken in, 104. (See also Drains.)
- Canoes, charms repeated over, 53, 246, 247. (See also Fishing canoes.)
- Ceremonial feast at first hauling of new net, 17.
- to avert ill luck, 221.
- Charm, shell medium of, 79.
- Charms, 17, 18, 19, &c.
- Chatham Isles, eel notes from, 125.
- Conger-eel, 84, 96.
- Cooking, 115, 116, 120, 211, 224, 231. (See also Kopaki; Kohue; Kope; Tapora; Tuwhatu.)
- Cordage, 34, 45. (See also Fishing-lines; Twine.)
- Corfs for eels and lampreys, 119, 165, 166, 197. (See also Parua; Whakarino.)
- Crayfish,
- Crayfish-pots, 61, 62, 64.
- Crayfish-takers, charms repeated by, 62, 63.
D
- Divinatory acts, 14, 42. (See also Omens.)
- Diving, Maori mode of. 60,
- Diving-crate used by crayfish-seekers, 61.
- Double canoe used for large nets, 10, 11.
- Drains
- Dreams, 50.
E
- Earthworms, names of, 124.
- Eel
- Eel-bobbing, 120, 121, 122, 123, 130, 154, 243.
- Eel-fishing
- Eel-god and snake-god of Asia, 84.
- Eel-jagging, 125, 126, 127.
- Eel pots and nets, all persons not expert at making, 159.
- Eel-pots
- Eel-pots
- found buried in swamps, 180, 181.
- how found in lagoon during night, 170.
- how set at weir, 133, 135, 136, 137, 142, 143.
- made of green Phormium leaves, 178.
- made of wire, 236.
- materials steeped in wai rakau prior to use, 188.
- materials used in construction, 157, 159, 167, 169, 170, 172, 173, 176, 178, 179.
- names pertaining to, 157-188. (See also Eels, names of varieties.)
- not baited when placed at weir, 131.
- peculiar form used in soft mud, 172.
- set in open waters, 139, 159, 168, 234, 235.
- setters of, must wash their hands, 188.
- ripeka methods of arranging longitudinals, 163, 176.
- torotika method of arranging longitudinals, 159, 160.
- whakawiri method of arranging longitudinals, 164.
- with double entrance, 159. (See also Funnel; Kawau moe roa; Pohea; Tarino; Waharua.)
- Eel-run
- Eel-spearing, 153, 230, 241.
- Eel-spears, 126-127.
- Eel-weirs
- 131, 153, 154, 241, 243.
- attendants busy at night, 139, 155, 241, 243, Cf. 170.
- construction of, 132, 133, 232, 233.
- fences of, 132 on.
- for taking eels moving down-stream, 139, 159.
- named, 140.
- names of parts, &c., 136, 141, 143, 144, 147, 186.
- net used at, without pot, 143.
- of Ohau district, 234.
- pa auroa form, 132, 145, 185.
- placed under care of atua, 147.
- scour-mats at, 133, 136, 141, 193, 233.
- single outlet form, 133, 135, 143; double outlet form, 133, 135, 136.
- two main forms of, 132.
- when used, 235.
- Eels
- and eel-lore, 83 on.
- all do not go to sea, 92, 102.
- brought to New Zealand, 85.
- catch of eels dragged, not carried, 124, 131, 155-157, 243.
- cannot cross dry earth or sand, 90.
- cross some wet or herbage-covered lands, 89, 90.
- ceremonial connected with first caught 107, 131, 151.
- demand clean-handed trap-setters, 188.
- descend from sky to earth, 81.
- different varieties in one district, 84, 102, &c.
- fed and tamed, 85, 105, 117, 118, Cf. Whare tuna, 150. (See also Eels, preserves.)
- first caught at new weir utilized as offering, 107. (See also Eels, ceremonial, &c.)
- highly prized, 83.
- how cooked, 115, 116, 120, 231.
- how dried and preserved, 4, 54, 114, 115, 119, 152, 155, 169, 230, 240, 241, 244.
- how killed, 122, 124, 129, 130.
- how taken, 120 on.
- how tallied at Waikato, 107-108, 235-236.
- large, 105, 106, 107, 108.
- large catches of, 104, 105.
- live in earth, 113. Maori view of breeding, 91, 93.
- mauri of, 87, 88.
- migrate to spawning-grounds, 91, 100, 101, 103.
- move not on moonlight nights, 101, 109, 153.
- movements of arrested by charms, 87.
- mythical origin of, 56, 72, 83, 84.
- Eels
- myths pertaining to, 83-87, 92.
- names of varieties, &c., 84, 95-100, 233.
- not found in some lakes and streams, 90-92.
- not taken on moonlight nights, 242.
- not taken with hook by Maori, 101.
- of celestial origin, 83, 84.
- of Horowhenua district, 100.
- of Wairarapa district, &c., 84. (See also Chatham; Otaki; Waiapu; Waikato.)
- origin of, 56, 71, 72, 83, 84, 87, 92.
- placed in ashes, 102, 103.
- preserves near villages, 104, 150. (See also Lagoons.)
- shelters provided for, 150. (See also Eels, fed.)
- singular mode of counting, 107, 235.
- South Island methods of taking, 230, 241-243.
- spawning of, 91, 93.
- speared, 153, 230, 241.
- taken
- venerated, 85.
- yellow specimens, 98, 99, 101, 105.
- Elvers ascend cliffs, &c., 92, 93, 94.
- Enchanted shell of Matakaoa, 81.
F
- Fables, 71, 72, 78, 83, 232, 238, 239. (See also Eels, myths; Mythical origins.)
- Feasts. (See under Ceremonial.)
- Fences, 132; of weirs, 131 on.
- Ferris, the shark-slayer, 57.
- Fertility, phallic symbol of, 85.
- Fire, tapu ceremonial, 17.
- Fires not allowed until fishermen returned home 50.
- First fish caught released to fetch others, 18. (See also under Eels.)
- First fish, offerings to atua, 210. (See also Offerings.)
- First kokopu caught cast away, 222.
- Fish
- fishing-grounds, and vessels protected by atua, 3.
- as gift to inland tribes, 4.
- connected with Rehua, 201, 202. (See also Rehua.)
- dried, 4, 54, 240. (See also under Eels; Inanga.)
- escape from Hui-te-ananui (myth), 238.
- fresh-water species, 82, 198.
- game, &c., counted in braces, 107.
- how strung, 46.
- mythical origin of, 2, 56, 73, 74, 83, 84.
- taken by netting, 49. (See also under Eels.)
- taken by hook and line, 49.
- Fish-baskets, 224.
- Fish-hooks, 8, 53.
- Fish-hooks
- Fish-spears, 55.
- Fishermen
- Fishing-canoes
- Fishing-grounds
- Fishing-lines,
- Fishing-nets. (See also under N.)
- Fishing-rights regulated, 82.
- Fishing-rods, 121, 122; two pronged rods 218, 224.
- Flax eel-pots, 178. (See also Eel-pots.)
- Floods, two phases of, 140.
- Flounders, 200.
- dried and preserved, 227, 231, 245.
- four kinds at Waihora Lagoon, South Island, 231, 245.
- names of, 226.
- Food
- Fresh-water species, 82; names of, 198.
- Frostfish, &c., mythical origin of, 56, 72.
- Funnel entrance of eel-pot, how egress is
- prevented, 166, 167, 188. (See also Toherere.)
- Funnel-shaped lead-in net of weir, 135, 136, 143, 150, 151, 158.
G
- Gaff or landing-hook, 53.
- Genealogy, Hine-ahuone to Hine-te-ahupuke, 2.
- Gifts of fish to inland tribes, 4.
- Gods, familiar spirits, tutelary beings. (See also Atua.)
- Gods relied on in all undertakings, 2.
- Gorge probably not used by Maori, 121.
- Grayling, 212. (See also Upokororo.)
- Guardians of ocean, 1, 73. (See also Atua.)
H
- Hakaraia Pahewa contributed notes, 140, 144, 150, 159.
- Haliotis. (See also Paua.)
- Hand-nets, 124. (See also Nets; Kokopu; Toemi.)
- Hao variety of eel, 155, 243. (See also Eels, names of varieties.)
- Hapuku
- Hapukutahi, a fishing-ground near Maketu, 7.
- Harara and his wai paua, 79.
- Ha-tupatu stocks Rotorua with eels, 103.
- Hauokanga and Hine-rongo, 117, 232. (See also Tamaika.)
- Haupokotaha, fishing-ground near Maketu, 7.
- "He wai Tangaroa i whano ai ki uta", 1.
- Hina and Tinirau (myth), 12.
- Hina and Tuna, 85.
- Hinaki
- Hine-ahuone, 2.
- Hine-aronui, 246.
- Hine-hauraro, 76.
- Hine-i-te-repo, 86.
- Hine-i-wharona, 87.
- Hine-komahi, 76.
- Hine-korapa and octopus, 74.
- Hine-moana
- Hine-mokemoke, the singing shell (myth), 81.
- Hine-muhu, offspring of Ruawharo, 74, 239.
- Hine-murutoka
- Hine-one, the Sand Maid (myth), 73.
- Hine-parauri (myth), 59.
- Hine-puhi a daughter of Kiwa (myth), 2.
- Hine-rauwharangi as mother of Hine-moana (myth), 2.
- Hine-rongo and Hauokanga, 232.
- Hine-tapiritia, 72.
- Hine-te-ahupuke a mother of fish, 2.
- Hine-te-Ihorangi (myth), 76.
- Hine-te-iwaiwa (myth), 246.
- Hine-titama
- Hine-tu-a-kirikiri (myth), 73, 238.
- Hine-tupari-maunga (myth), 73.
- Hooks for taking fresh-water fish not a Maori usage, 213, 217. (See also Barracouta; Fish-hooks; (Kaka ponga.)
- Hori relies on gods to locate fishing-grounds, 5-6.
- Horowhenua district, eel notes from, 100. (See also Matatua; Otaki; Waikato; South Island; &c.,)
- Hoto whai tail of sting-ray, 55.
- Huakipouri (myth), 246.
- Hui-te-ananui (myth), 80, 238.
- Hui-te-rangiora, 248.
- Human bone, implements fashioned from, 36.
- Humete (? a crayfish-pot), 61.
- Hunga-terewai, forbear of shell-fish, 71-72.
- Hurunga and Pani (myth,) 76.
I
- Ihp or mauri of fish-weir, 147, 149. (See also Mauri.)
- Ihorangi, Te, 138; and eels, 83. (See also Hine-te-Ihorangi.)page 257
- Ika huna a Tane-mahuta (the panoko fish), 225.
- Ika whakataki, or lure fish, a net fishers' device, 18-20.
- Ila and Indra, eel god of Asia, 84, 85.
- Ila represented by lingam and lunar crescent, 85.
- Imitative ability of Maori, 113.
- Implements, (See also Ahuriri; Auwai; Bark; Barracouta; Bob; Bodkin; Bone; Corfs; Diving-crate; Eel-pots; Eel-spears; Fish-baskets; Fish-hooks; Fish-spears; Fishing-lines; Fishing-rods; Gaff; Gorge; Hinaki; Hooks; Human bone; Humete; Kaharoa; Kyaitara; Kaka; Rape; Kapu; Korere; Kohau; Koko; Korapa; Korotete; Kupenga; Manga; Matarau; Mesh; Nets; Outrigger; Pa; Paepae; Pohea; Pouraka; Purangi; Puwai; Rake; Ranga; Rat; Reti; Ripi; Riritai; Rohe; Shanks; Sinkers; Spears; Spreaders; Ta; Taiki; Tapora; Tarino; Taruke; Taupoki; Tautara; Tawhiti; Tiatia; Toemi; Toherere; Torches; Torehe; Traps; Twine; Utu; Waharua; Waikawa; Whakarino.)
-
Inanga
- 201, on.
- dried and preserved, 202, 210, 211, 244, 245.
- how cooked, 211.
- mythical origin of, 201.
- names of, 198.
- run to sea, 202.
- run up streams, 209. (See also Matuaiwi; Pukoareare.)
- taken by net, 203, 205, 206, 207-212, 214.
- taken in kaka traps, 244; traps, 206-210, 244.
- taken in koumu trench trap, 205, 209, 210.
- traps, 203, 205, 209, 210, 211, 244.
- weirs, 203.
- Intercalation as practised by Maori, 113, 249, 250.
- Ira atua, 80.
- Ira-katoatoa, 76.
- Ira tangata, 80, 238, 239.
J
K
- Kaharoa form of net, 31.
- Kahawai fishing
- Kahukura acquires art of net-making, 21.
- Kaihau manga, method of taking barracouta, 51, 54, 240. (See also Barracouta.)
- Kaitara traps for eels, 152, 154, 242.
- Kaka ponga used for hook-barbs, 42, 53.
- Kaka traps for inanga, 206, 210, 244.
- Kakara shell-fish, 75.
- Kape, a hand-net, 124, 220. (See also Kupenga titoko.)
- Kapu, scoop and dredge for taking freshwater mussels, 78. (See also Manga,)
- Kapuarangi fishing-ground. East Coast, 5. (See also Maketu; Rurima.)
- Karaka bewails passing of eel-fishing, 236.
- Kariki a forbear of fish (myth), 56.
- Kaui ika, 46.
- Kaukau
- Kaukau and Ropuwai produce mussels, Kaukohea a brother of Tinirau (myth), 60.
- Kawau moe roa, application of, 144.
- Kekerewai and octopus (myth), 74.
- Kewa, a progenitor of fish (myth), 75.
- Kiripakapaka and Putere. progenitors of fish (myth), 72, 74.
- Kiwa
- Koaro
- Koere, a rude form of fish-trap, 94.
- Kohau trap for eels, 128, 153, 242. (See also Eel-pots.)
- Kohi o Autahi, 202.
- Kohue method of cooking shell-fish, 77. (See also Tuwhatu.)
- Kohurau, a forbear of fish and shell-fish (myth), 63, 75.
- Koko, a hand-net, 216, 218. (See also Nets.)
- Kokopu
- Kopaki method of cooking eels, 115, 116.
- Kope method of cooking eels, 115, 120.
- Kopuwai, a progenitor of fish (myth), 74.
- Korapa, a scoop-net, 124. (See also Nets.)
- Korotete, or corf, 119, 164, 165. (See also Corfs.)
- Koumu method of taking page 258
- Koura, fresh-water crayfish, how taken, 60, 229. (See also Crayfish.)
- Kowaro, or mudfish, 228.
- Kuku versus Pipi feud (myth), 73.
- Kupe, a fishing-ground near Maketu, 7.
- Kupenga hinaki, 225. Also Poha, Purangi, Rohe. (See also Nets.)
- Kupenga titoko
L
- Lagoons, &c., stocked with eels, 89, 102, 104, 117. (See also Whare tuna.)
- Lake-outlet excavated in pre-European days, 102. (See also Canals; Drains.)
- Lamprey
- Lamprey-weirs, 189-195.
- Landing-nets, 53. (See also Gaff; Nets.)
- Left thigh in ceremonial performances, 45.
- Life-principle, how protected, 87. (See also Mauri.)
- Line fishing, 33. (See also Fishing-lines.)
- Love-charm conveyed by shell, 81.
- Luck of fisherman can be filched, 50.
- Lunar month, 218. (See also Calendar; Month names; Nights of moon.)
M
- Mackerel taken with lure, 52; with net, 53.
- Magic as a disciplinary force, 88, 89. (See also Makutu, Mauri.)
- Mahia, Te, mauri of whales at, 58, 59, 249.
- Mahia-mai-Tawhiti, how named, 58, 59.
- Mair's description of big net of Maketu, 11.
- Maketu, fishing-grounds near, 6, 7. (See also Fishing-grounds.)
- Mako shark, 56, 57.
- Makutu affects all mauri-possessing things, 58, 249.
- Male and female elements, 14, 16, 17.
- Manea, tapu stones, 3. Cf. Iho; Mauri.
- Manga, dredge-net for taking fresh-water mussels, 78. (See also Mussels.)
- Manga fish, three kinds of, 51. (See also Barracouta.)
- Manihera's account of taking upokororo, 214.
- Manu-hauturuki (myth), 75, 80, 238.
- Manuka wands used in trap-construction, names of, 64.
- Maori an expert fisherman, 1, 8, 10, 12.
- Maruaroa, 240.
- Mataaho and sharks (myth), 83.
- Mataitai, sea food products, 70.
- Matamoe variety of eel, 97, 140, 144, 233. (See also under Eels.)
- Matarakutia, fishing-ground near Maketu, 7.
- Matarau, eel-spears, 126, 127.
- Matarau net, 27, 28, 29, 31.
- Matatua district, notes from, 88, 91, 94, 107, 131, 138, 168, 217, 218. (See also Chatham; Otaki; Waiapu; Waihora; &c.)
- Matohi, a star-name, 114.
- Matuaiwi, second run of inanga up-stream, 244. (See also Inanga.)
- Matuku-whakapu represents the bittern, 84.
- Maui invented korohe and akura of fish-traps, 62.
- Maul, or beetle, 134, 192-193.
- Mauri
- Mauri-possessing creatures and things are affected by magic, 59.
- McDonald, R., on eels of Horowhenua, 100.
- Mesh-gauge, 15, 219.
- Mesh-names, 15, 219, (See also Nets.)
- Metara te Ao-marere, data from, 110. (See also Calendar.)
- Miramar Lagoon stocked with eels, 89. (See also Lagoons.)
- Miro and takerekere forms of twine, 34.
- Moa bone, implements fashioned from, 36, 75-76.
- Moana-kura at Hawaiki, 75.
- Moana-nui-a-Kiwa (the Great Ocean of Kiwa.) 1.
- Moana-te-waiwai, 246.
- Mohoao species of flounder, 245. (See also Flounders.)
- Moki and warehou as tapu fish, 50.
- Moki fishers must not mention the word ahi (fire). 50.
- Mokihihi, rafts, 62.
- Mokopuna a Rongohuakai (sharks), 56. (See also Sharks.)
- Month-names, 155, 243. (See also Calendar; Intercalation; Nights of moon.)
- Moon, names of nights of, 248, 249. (See also Calendar; Month-names.)page 259
- Moonlight, eels do not move abroad in, 100, 109, 153.
- Moonlight nights unfavourable for fishers, 218.
- Mud-eel, 95.
- Mullet taken in Waikato River at Cambridge and Rangiriri, 212.
- Mumuwhango (myth), 247.
- Muriwai-i-ou, descent to underworld, 76.
- Muriwai-o-Ata, 86.
- Mussel-dredge, 78. (See also Mussels.)
- Mussel
- Mussels, fresh-water, 229; mythical origin of mussels, 73.
- Mythical origin of barracouta, 56; of crayfish, 62; of eels, 56, 72, 83, 84, 86, 92; of fish generally, &c., 2, 56, 73, 74, 83, 84; of frost-fish, 56, 72; of inanga, 201; of mussels, 73; of nets, 22; of octopus, 72, 74; of seaweed, 72; of sharks, 56, 57, 80, 62; of shell-fish, 71, 72, 74.
- Myths pertaining to ocean and fish, 1. (See also under Anguilla; Crayfish; Eels; Enchanted; Fables; Fish; Hine-moana; Ila; Kaukau; Kuku; Maui; Mauri; Net-making; Ocean; Origin; Parata; Puna; Rehua; Sharks; Tangaroa; Tinirau; Tuna; Turehu; Tutunui; Whales.)
N
- Nails planted to raise crops, 34.
- Nanua, a peculiarly marked fish, 49.
- Net
- Net-floats, 11, 21.
- Net-making
- Net-ropes, 22, 24.
- Net-sinkers, 11, 22, 23, 24.
- Nets
- how stowed away, 21.
- landing, 53.
- large, 8, 10, 11, 12; how used, 11; how assembled, 19.
- made piecemeal by families, then assembled, 14.
- manufacture and use of, 10 on.
- mesh of, 15, 219.
- mesh-gauge, 15, 219.
- names of, 32.
- new one made for special purpose, 14.
- of Tahitians, 11.
- used in tidal rivers, 53.
- used without pot at weir to take eels, 143, 144, 150. (See also Funnel.)
- Netting, 14, 15, 16, 229.
- Ngahuru season, 243.
- Ngaunga a Hine-moana, 73.
- Ngutu of eel-weir, 133, 135, 141, &c.
- Nights of moon's age favourable for fishing, &c., 110, 111, 112, 218, 248, 249.
- Nohu fish has poisonous spines, 49.
- Numeration
O
- Ocean
- Octopus
- Offerings to atua, 17, 18, 19, 20, 45, 46, 47, 222.
- Ohinemuri eel-pot a fine specimen, 180, 181.
- Okorora fishing-ground, Bay of Plenty, 8. (See also Fishing-grounds, 8.)
- Omens, &c., 14, 16, 18, 42, 49, 50, 122, 221, 226.
- Onetahua, strife at (myth), 73.
- Onetahuaroa, 238.
- Operculae, names of, 72.
- Origin myths, 1, 2, 19, 21, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 62, 63, 71, 72, 73, 74, 79, 80, 83, 84, 85, 86, 92, 201, 238, 246.
- Otaki district, data from, 90, 100, 105, 109, 110, 164, 166, 172, 203, 206, 212, 224, 225, 226, (See also Waiapu; Waihora.)
- Otawaha, a tahuna pipi, or cockle-bank, at Whakatane, 70.
- Outrigger device used in line fishing, 46. 47, 48, 49. (See also Tautara.)
- Owhane, fishing-ground near Maketu, 6. (See also Fishing-grounds.)
P
- Pa. (See Pa kahawai; Trolling-hooks.)
- Pa auroa, a form of eel-weir, 132, 145, on, 185. (See also Eel-weirs.)
- Paepae, a dredge-net, 65.page 260
- Pa kahawai, a trolling-hook, 39, 42, 49.
- Pakauhokio Lake, elvers cross ridge to reach, 101. (See also Elvers.)
- Pakurunui, a submerged fishing-rock off Wairakei, Bay of Plenty, 8. (See also Fishing-grounds.)
- Pani and Hurunga (myth), 76.
- Panoko
- Papaka, a light-coloured eel, 105.
- Papauma taken with bob, 224.
- Para, a. variety of kokopu, 216, 222.
- Paraniwaniwa and whales (myth), 59.
- Parata, Te, 12.
- Pa rauwiri form of eel-weir, 132, 241. (See also Eel-weirs; Pa auroa.)
- Parua, a pit in which eels are placed when caught, 122, 128.
- Parauri, a forbear of fish (myth), 75.
- Paraweranui represents the south and south wind, 75.
- Para-whenuamea, 139.
- Patangaroa (starfish) assails paua (Haliotis), 78.
- Pa tauremu form of eel-weir, 132, 133, 141, 232. (See also Eel-weirs; Pa auroa.)
- Patiki, or flounder, 200. (See also Flounders.)
- Patupaiarehe or forest folk (myth), 79.
- Patu tuna, taking eels by striking method, 122, 124-125.
- Paua, shell-fish (Haliotis)
- Pehipehi (? a fish-name), 74.
- Personifications, 1, 2, 64, 72, 73, 74, 75, 76, 138, 238, 246.
- Phallic
- Pipihura, a forbear of shell-fish (myth), 72. (See also Shell-fish.)
- Placatory rites, 107. (See also Offerings.)
- Platform or stage used by eel-fishers, 122.
- Poaching, how punished, 88, 89.
- Poha of eel-weir, 137. Also Korohe, Purangi, Rohe. (See also under Eel-weirs; Nets; Purangi; Rohe.)
- Pohau manga, barracouta-hooks, 51, 52. (See also Barracouta; Kaihau.)
- Pohea eel-pot, 171, 180.
- Pokiha's great net, 11. (See also Nets, large.)
- Porohe, or elvers, 93. (See also Elvers.) Porpoise, origin of, 75.
- Posts of weir-outlet occassionally carved, 136. (See also Eel-weirs.)
- Pouraka
- Pou reinga or eel-weir, 136. (See also Tapangutu.)
- Primal offspring and ira tangata, 80.
- Proverbial expressions, &c., 1, 15, 21, 64, 79, 86, 93, 117, 131, 139, 140, 238, 245.
- Puene (? fresh-water shrimps). 228.
- Puhara. (See also Platform).
- Puhi and eels, 84, 85.
- Puhore, unlucky signs, &c., 149, 122, 221, (See also Omens.)
- Puke atua, places frequented by elves, &c., 79.
- Pukoareare, first run of inanga up streams, 244. (See also Inanga.)
- Pukupuku-ki-te-rangi, 75.
- Pukutuoro, a mythical creature, 86.
- Puna i Rangiriri, mythical source of fish, 2, 19, 59.
- Puna-kauariki, celestial home of eels, 83.
- Punga as forbear of sharks (myth), 56.
- Purangi funnel-net, 136, 137, 143, 151.
- Syn. poha, rohe.
- Puwai, a form of corf, 119. (See also Corfs.)
- Puwhakahara, Te, connected with sharks, whales, and porpoise (myth), 1, 56, 56, 74, 75, 80, 238.
R
- Raengawha, a forbear of fish (myth), 72.
- Rafts, 62.
- Rahokatia fishing ground near Maketu, 7. (See also Fishing-grounds.) Rahui, how food products, &c., were protected, 89.
- Rahui of eel preserve, 89.
- Rakahore (personified form of rock)
- Rake used in taking eels, 103.
- Rakuraku-a-Tawhaki, 248.
- Rama kokopu, taking kokopu by torchlight, 221.
- Rama tuna, taking eels by torchlight, 124, 241.
- Rami tuna, taking eels by hand, 113. (See also Rapu tuna.)
- Ranga net for taking inanga, 203. (See also Inanga; Kaka.)
- Rangiahua, 246.
- Rangitaiki Falls ascended by elvers, 94.
- Rapu tuna, taking eels by hand, 113, 124, 241. (See also Rami; Takahi.)
- Rarawai, a temporary name of hapuku, 49.
- Raro appealed to in charms, 130-131.page 261
- Raro represents "the depths," 62. (See also Waro.)
- Rat-traps, 140.
- Rauwiri style of fence, 132-133.
- Rehu (? a fish), 75.
- Rehua
- Rehu-o-tinui (atua), 226.
- Rehuroa (myth), 60.
- Rere kakara (shell-fish), 77.
- Restrictions pertaining to net-making, 12, 13. (See also Tapu.)
- Reti device used in trolling for kahawai, 49.
- Right and left sides, 19, 20, 45.
- Rimurapa and others cling to Rakahore, 73.
- Ripi paua, implement to detach shell-fish from rocks, 78.
- Ripi tuna, club for killing eels, 122.
- Riritai net, 26, (See also Nets.)
- Rock children of Ruawharo (myth), 239.
- Rohe
- Rolled twine, 34.
- Rongohuakai and sharks (myth), 57.
- Rongomai, fish offerings made to, 210. (See also Offerings.)
- Rongomai-tahanui, a name employed to denote whales, 60.
- Ropuwai and Kaukau produce mussels (myth), 73.
- Roro o Tangaroa, 214.
- Roto hawai, a form of lagoon, 89.
- Rotorua Lake, fishing-grounds staked off, 4. (See also Fishing-grounds.)
- Ruahine, or priestess, 17.
- Ruamano (myth), 80, 238, 239.
- Rua-o-Puhi, at Tauranga, 85.
- Ruatau, of realms celestial, 247.
- Rua-te-pupuke, 80, 238.
- Rua-te-tawhito, 63.
- Rua-te-tupua, 63.
- Ruawharo
- Ruku koura often a women's task, 60. (See also Crayfish.)
- Ruku paua, how the paua shell-fish were procured, 78. (See also Paua.)
- Rurima fishing-ground, 5. (See also Fishing-grounds.)
S
- Sand brought from Tahiti to Te Mahia, 58, 59.
- Scour-mat of weirs, 133, 136, 141, 193, 231.
- Sea-fishers started before daybreak, 53.
- Sea-fishing
- Seaweed
- Seines, names of parts, 21-22. (See also Nets.)
- Shanks of composite hooks, 35, 36; greenstone specimens, 34, 35. (See also Fishing-hooks.)
- Shark-fishing, 56.
- Shark-names, 56, 57.
- Sharks
- and Te Puwhakahara (myth), 56.
- and whales in Maori myth, 56.
- are offspring of Punga, 56; and of Rongohuakai, 57. (See also Mataaho, Takaaho.)
- defeated by shell-fish (myth), 73.
- man-eating species, 56.
- mythical origin of, 56, 57, 58, 79, 84. (See also Takaaho.)
- originally assigned to fresh waters, 56.
- slain with harpoon, 57.
- Shell
- Shells used a mediums in rites, 75, 81.
- Shell-fish
- 66, on.
- as love messenger, 81.
- collected by women, 77-78.
- dried and preserved, 66, 70, 81, 239.
- how cooked, 77.
- introduced by Ruawharo, 74, 239.
- Maori ate many species of, 66, 70.
- migrate along beaches, 76.
- mythical origin of, 71, 72, 73, 74, 79, 80, 238.
- names, 66, 70, 71.
- personified, 238.
- species used as food, 66, 70, 71. (See also Paua; Tohemanga.)
- Shrimps, 55, 200.
- Sinkers, 11, 22, 24; carved sinkers, 23, 24.
- Song of Nuku for his lost eel-pot, 188 Songs, 75. (See also Titihawa.)page 262
- South Island
- Spears. (See Eel; Fish.)
- Spiders used as bait for eels, 122. (See also Bait.)
- Spreaders attached to fishing-lines, 25, 45. (See also Fishing-lines.)
- Starfish attack paua (Haliotis). 78-79.
- Sting-ray taken with spear, 49, 55. (See also Whai.)
- Stone mauri in phallic form, 4. (See also Iho; Manea; Mauri.)
- Stones tapu, 3. (See also Iho; Manea; Mauri.)
- Storehouse for fishing-gear, 9.
- Stowell, H. M., on lamprey-run, 197. (See also Lampreys.)
- Subterranean monsters, 86.
- Symbols of modern fisherman's calendar, 110, 111, 112, 113.
T
- Ta, or maul, 134.
- Tahoa, a form of bait for eel-pots, 170. (See also Bait.)
- Tahumaero, a mythical forbear of crayfish, 63, 72.
- Tahuna pipi, or cockle-banks, 70.
- Tai honuhonu o Meremere, 202.
- Taiki, a form of diving-crate, 61.
- Takaaho
- connected with sharks, &c., 1, 56, 74, 80, 238. (See also Sharks.)
- assails shell-fish (myth), 238.
- Takahi tuna, eels found by feet of seeker, 124, 126. (See also Rapu tuna.)
- Takero, third inanga run to sea, 202. (See also Inanga.)
- Takeuruahi (myth), 60.
- "Takitumu"
- Talismanic objects afford protection, 3. (Sec also Iho; Manea; Mauri.)
- Tamaika and the kopaki tuna, 116. (See also Hauokanga.)
- Tane-matua, 246.
- Tangaroa
- Tangaroa-amua, 2.
- Tangaroa ara rau, 1, 139.
- Tangaroa-a-timu, 80, 238.
- Tangaroa-mau-tai, 238.
- Tangaroa-whakamau-tai, 1, 2; slays Manu-hauturuki, 80.
- Tangaroa-whatu, 246.
- Taoputaputa and enchanted shell, 81.
- Tapangutu, two posts at outlet of weir, 135, 136, 144.
- Tapora method of cooking, 116; tapora kokopu, 224.
- Tapora, a form of net, 205. (See also Nets.)
- Tapu
- Tarawehi and Tarawana. 75,
- Tara whai, 55.
- Tari, slim wands of manuka used by trap-makers, 159.
- Torino form of eel-pot, 168, 170, 235; how set, 235. (See also Eel-pots.)
- Taruke, crayfish-pots, 60, 61; how constructed, 64, 67-69. (See also Crayfish.)
- Taumaha rite over first fish, 210. (See also under Ceremonial.)
- Taumaha rite over first take of eels, 131. (See also under Eels.)
- Taunga ika, or fishing-grounds, 4, 5, 6, 7. (See also Fishing-grounds.)
- Taupoki, or lid of eel-pot, 184, 211. (See also Eel-pots.)
- Taupunga and Ruawharo, 74, 239.
- Tautara device in line fishing, 46, 47; at
- Tahiti, 46, 47, at Samoa, 48.
- Tawhaki meets Tuna (myth), 83.
- Tawhirimatea (myth), 247.
- Tawhiti awaawa = eel-weir, 140.
- Tawhiti karawa = rat-trap, 140.
- Taylor's novel method of catching grayling, 213.
- Tiatia, a fishing-device, 53.
- Tides, controllers of (myth), 1; Tangaroa connected with, 80.
- Tikao on South Island eel-lore, 230. (See also under Eels, South Island.)
- Tikati fish, 56.
- Tiki slays Tuna (myth), 86.
- Tiki-tolo, eel so called in Caroline Group, 85; called Tikitoro in New Zealand, 86.
- Tikihemi, a small fish, 200, 208, 211.
- Time-measurement. (See Calendar; Intercalation; Month-names; Nights of moon.)
- Tinirau
- Tipua, 80.
- Titarakura. Syn. toitoi.
- Titihawa, song of women welcoming lucky fishermen, 4.page 263
- Toa, katoa (syn. tari), slim manuka rods used by fish-trap makers, 167.
- Toemi hand-set, 31. (See also nets.)
- Tohemanga shell-fish found in three layers, 77. (See also Shell-fish.)
- Toherere net of akura of eel-pot, 166, 168,
- Toitoi, a prohibited fish in Tuhoeland, 226.
- Toitoi-akewa, a peculiar superstition, 221.
- Toka-ahuru rock off Turanga, 80, 239.
- Tonganui-kaea (myth), 75.
- Torches, how made, 125.
- Torehe, a bait-bag, 61. (See also Bait.)
- Totara-moana, a marine growth, 38.
- Traps for crayfish, 61, 62, 64-69. (See also Crayfish; Implements; Pouraka; Taruke.)
- Trolling for kahawai, 39-41, 49. (See also Kahawai.)
- Trolling-hooks, 39-41, 51, 54.
- Trout destroy fresh-water fish, 228.
- Tuamatua and Rakahore protect seaweed (myth), 73.
- Tuamatua, offspring of, protect Earth Mother (myth), 75.
- Tuanuku and Rangi (myth), 247.
- Tuapa, or luck-post, 221.
- Tuaropaki o Hine-moana (ocean-bounds), how protected, 75. (See also Tupaki.)
- Tuhinaapo (atua), a guardian of fishing-grounds, 6.
- Tuhuruhuru (myth), 60.
- Tuki upokororo, a. method of taking grayling, 213.
- Tuna and Hina (myth), 85.
- Tuna and Mangawairoa, 86.
- Tuna and Maui, 86.
- Tuna
- Tuoro, a fabulous monster, 86. (See also Pukutuoro; Tuna tuoro.)
- Tupaki nui o Hine-moana, 56, 75. (See also Tuaropaki.)
- Turanga-o-Toi (also Turanga nui a Rua-matua), 81.
- 81.
- Turehu folk first net-makers, 21.
- Tutara-kauika and whales, 59, 60, 80, 238. (See also Whales.)
- Tu-te-makehurangi (myth), 60.
- Tutunui and shell-fish (myth), 75.
- Tu-te-makehurangi (myth), 60.
- Tutunui and shell-fish (myth), 75.
- Tuwhatu mode of cooking shell-fish, 77. (See also Kohue.)
- Twine, how made, 8, 34. (See also Fishing-lines; Miro; Rolled twine.)
U
- Uetanguru (myth), 60.
- Umere chant of women on return of fishermen, 4.
- Umu waharoa of ceremonial feast, 17. (See also Ceremonial feast.)
- Upokororo
- Urukahikahika, forbear of eel, lamprey, &c., 72. (See also Eels, mythical origin of.)
- Utu piharau, or lamprey-weir, 189, 190. (See also Lamprey,)
W
- Waharua
- Waiapu, eel notes from, 122, 123, 124, 138, 140, 150, 157. (See also Horowhenua; Matatua; Otaki; &c.)
- Waihora Lagoon, South Island
- Waikato, eel notes from, 116, 119, 168. (See also Chatham; Horowhenua; Matatua; Otaki; Waiapu; Waihora; Wai-rarapa.)
- Waikawa, a fish-basket or corf, 123, (See also Corfs; Fish-baskets.)
- Waimapihi strife (myth), 74.
- Wainui personifies ocean, 2, 138, 201. (See also Hine-moana; Kaukau; Kiwa.)
- Wai paua of Te Harara, 79.
- Wai-rarapa, eel notes from 92, 130. (See also Matatua; Otaki; South Island; Waiapu; Waihora; Waikato.)
- Wai tuhi of flood, 140.
- Warehou fishing, peculiar device employed in, 46, 47.
- Waro denotes "the depths" or "deep", 62. (See also Raro.)
- Wehenga-kauki, ocean monsters, whales 2, 58, 59, 80, 238, 239. (See also Ocean; Whales.)
- Weirs
- first eel caught at, used as offering, 107.
- how constructed, 113.
- not constructed in deep waters, 168.
- (See also Eel-weirs.)
- Whai (sting-ray), whai-kuku, whai-repo, 49, 55.
- Whaitiri a forbear of fish, 56. (See also Fish, mythical origin of.)
- Whakaheke tuna, 128, 151.
- Whakainu kupenga, ceremonial wetting of new net, 19. (See also Nets.)
- Whakaita, fishing-ground off Maketu, 7. (See also Fishing-grounds.)
- Whakaparu piharau, a device for taking lampreys, 197. (See also Lamprey.)
- Whakapua, whakarau, a device for taking lampreys, 197. (See also Lamprey.)
- Wharakarino, or temporary corf, 122, 123. (See also Corfs.)
- Whakawahi process to render fish-traps durable. 188.
- Whakawiri method of constructing eel-pots, 180. (See also Eel-pots.)
- Whale-feed (terehua), 74.
- Whale stranded, a prize, 58.
- Whales
- Whanganui, eel notes from, 91, 94, 132, 136, 140, 145, 147, 151, 164. (See also Otaki; Waihora; &c.)
- Wharepapa and Wharerimu, proper names for sea-rocks, 72, 73, 246.
- Wharerimu as origin of seaweed, &c., 72, 73, 246.
- Whare tuna, a prepared refuge for eels, 150.
- Whatu kura o Tangaroa, a stone mauri, 3.
- Cf. 58.
- Whatumaomao a forbear of fish, 72, 75. (See also Fish, mythical origin of.)
- Whatu o Tangaroa, 3, 58.
- Whitiki variety of eel, 236. (See also Eels, names of.)
- Whitirau (adze). 248.
- Wind assists eel-seekers at Waihora Lagoon, 154, 242.
- Wind Children (myth), 75.
- Witchcraft, (See Magic; Makutu.)
- Wiwi-tane, a species of rush, 203.
- Women
- Worms. (See Earthworms.)
Y
- Year, commencement of new, 243. (See also Calendar; Intercalation; Month-names.)
- Yellow eels, 98, 101, 105.