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The Maori Canoe
Appendix I — Names of Parts of Maori Canoes, and of Objects, — Etc., Pertaining Thereto
page 422
Appendix I
Appendix I
Names of Parts of Maori Canoes, and of Objects,
Etc., Pertaining Thereto
| Ahipua | Fireplace in a canoe. See pakaiahi. |
| Ama | 1. Outrigger. Syn. amatiatia, korewa. 2. Thwart. Syn. kiato, keretu, tau-manu, tauare, tauware. Waka ama=outrigger canoe. |
| Amatiatia | 1. Outrigger. 2. Canoe with outrigger. |
| Aohamo | A V-shaped piece of wood joining the sides and forming bow of canoe. |
| Arakauniho | Bottom edge of top-strake. |
| Aroaro | Slot or mortise of haumi join. |
| Aronui | To sail directly before the wind. |
| Aukaha | Lashings by which top-strakes, &c., are secured. |
| Aupounamu | Extreme end of bow of a waka taua. |
| Awa | Topsides of canoe. Syn. rauawa. |
| Awarua | Space between thwarts where mast is stepped. |
| Haumi | Attached piece by means of which the hull of a canoe is lengthened. See waka haumi, putara. |
| Haumi kokomo | A haumi fitted to hull by means of mortise and tenon. |
| Haumi tauaro | Stern haumi. |
| Haumi tuporo | A haumi fitted to central part of hull by means of a butt join. See poro-harore. |
| Henga | Upper edge or gunwale of sides of a canoe on which top-strake is secured. The true gunwale or upper edge of top-strake is the niao. |
| Herepuru | Caulking material. |
| Hihi | Curved wands or rods projecting from prow of a waka taua. Syn. ihiihi. See taroro, waka taroro, patungaro, karu atua. |
| Hipoki | Awning-mats. Syn. huripoki.page 423 |
| Hirau | A paddle. The usual term is hoe. See hoe, urunga, urungi, hiwa. |
| Hiwa | Steering-oar. |
| Hiwi | Hull of a canoe. See kaunoti, kaunaroa. |
| Hoe | A paddle. Also the verb "to paddle." See hirau, hiwa, urunga, urungi, &c. |
| Hoe matua | A long controlling-oar. |
| Hoe piripiri | Additional steer-oar. |
| Hoe tairanga | (?). |
| Hoe takaki | Paddle having a straight handle. |
| Hoewai | A broad-bladed paddle. |
| Hoe whakaara | Long paddles used as oars at the bow for the purpose of controlling the canoe. |
| Hoe whakahaere | Steer-oars. |
| Hoe whakatere | Steer-oars. |
| Hoe whakaumu | (?). |
| Hokai | 1. Booms of outrigger. Syn. kiato, toro. 2. Braces placed between double canoes. |
| Hourua | A double canoe—waka hourua. |
| Huaki | (?) Inward-looking figure on figurehead of a waka taua. |
| Huapae | 1. Longitudinal spars of outrigger-frame. 2. Nga rakau huapae o te ra. |
| Huhunu | 1. Double canoe. See unua, taurua, ma-hanga, waka hourua. 2. Temporary fore wash-strake. Syn. hunua. |
| Hune | Caulking-material (pappus of seeds of Typha angustifolia). Syn. tahune, ta-huna, tahunga. |
| Hunua | A double canoe. |
| Huripoki | See hipoki, uhirau. |
| Ihiihi | See hihi, taroro. The flat ornament at the end of a hihi is the patungaro. |
| Ihu | Bow of a canoe. |
| Kaho | 1. Longitudinal battens on framework of awning. 2. Generic term for battens covering join of top-strake. See taka, paewai. |
| Kahupapa | A raft. See moki, mokihi, manaia. |
| Kaiahi | Longitudinal pieces to which flooring of canoe is attached.page 424 |
| Kaipuke | European ships so termed. See puke, tuwhenua. |
| Kaiwae | Grating or floor in canoe. Syn. raho, rahoraho, koraho. |
| Kakariki | "Kua piri te kakariki o te niao." |
| Kaokao | Sides of hull of canoe. |
| Kapuku | Gunwale. Syn. kopuku. |
| Karaho | Floor of a canoe. |
| Karawhi | (?) A form of boat-rib. |
| Karemu | Plug in kowhao or hole in bottom of a canoe. Syn. puru, koremu. |
| Katea | Some form of brace in a canoe. |
| Kauawhi | (?) Battens of awning roof. |
| Kauheka | (?) Fore-and-aft gangway-plank on deep-sea outrigger canoe. |
| Kauhora takapau | (?) Awning-mats. |
| Kauhau | String-piece supporting the koraho, or floor. See whakawahine. |
| Kauhuahua | String-piece supporting the koraho, or floor. See whakawahine. |
| Kaunaroa | Main or central part of hull, not including haumi. See hiwi, kaunoti, kotore-puni. |
| Kaunoti | Hull of a canoe, minus top-strakes. Syn. hiwi. |
| Kaupapa | 1. Platform between double canoes. 2. Fleet of canoes. 3. Raft. |
| Kaupeka | (?) Sprit or boom. (?) Yard and boom of lateen sail. |
| Kei | Stern of a canoe. Syn. noko, ta. |
| Keretu | Thwart of a canoe. Syn. taumanu, ama, kiato, tauware, tauare. |
| Kiato | Thwart. For synonyms see keretu. |
| Kihau | Sprit of sail. |
| Kiko, Whakakiko | A plug-like patch. |
| Kohiwi | Body of a canoe without attached parts. |
| Koki | Small canoe of the tiwai class. |
| Komaru | Sail. Syn. ra, mamaru, whakawhiti, whara, ra whara. |
| Koneke | Carved design on bow of hull, under-neath. See toiere, parata. |
| Konia | A small canoe. |
| Kopako | A canoe with figurehead facing inwards. |
| Kopapa | 1. Small canoe of tiwai class. 2. Surf-board.page 425 |
| Kopiri | A small canoe |
| Koraho | Floor-grating of canoe. See kaiwae, karaho. |
| Korari | A rude Moriori vessel. Syn. waka puhara. |
| Korea | Small canoe of tiwai class. See koki, konia, kopapa, tiwai, koreti, &c. |
| Korehe | A small canoe. |
| Korere | (?) Outrigger. "Ka meatia nga korere e ma, kotahi mo tetahi taha, kotahi mo tetahi taha o te waka. Ko nga rakau korewa, he rakau mama rawa." ("The korere were then manipulated, or fixed, one on either side of the canoe. The float timbers were very light wood.") |
| Koreti | A small canoe. |
| Korewa | Outrigger. See also punga korewa, ama. |
| Korua | A canoe-name. |
| Koruru | A style of carving employed on taurapa (stern-pieces). |
| Kotokoto | Sprit of a sail. Syn. takotokoto, tatakoto, titoko. |
| Kotore-puni | Canoe-hull in one piece. |
| Kou | Bunch of feathers on stern-piece. See puhi. |
| Koua | Stern-piece of Moriori canoe, Chatham Isles. |
| Kowhao | Holes pierced for lashings of top-strake, &c. See aukaha. |
| Kowhao matapupuni | Holes pierced for lashings of top-strake, &c. See aukaha. |
| Kuru | Tenon of haumi join (haumi kokomo). Syn. ure. |
| Kuwha | Wings of a haumi mortise. Syn. paihau. See kuru, ure. |
| Mahanga | A double canoe. See huhunu, taurua, unua, waka, hourua, unuku. |
| Mahau | Awning over canoe used on deep-sea voyages. |
| Māhē | Sea-anchor; a small stone anchor. See punga korewa. |
| Mamaru | A canoe-sail. See ra, ra kautu, ra kaupaparu, ra whara, whara, whakawhiti, komaru.page 426 |
| Manaia | 1. A carved design on top-strakes. 2. A raft. |
| Marohi | A single canoe—waka marohi. |
| Matangirua | Denotes sailing and paddling at same time. |
| Matatara | (?) Prow of canoe-hull. "Ko te parata kei runga tonu i te matatara o te tinana ake o te waka." |
| Matua | Main part of hull. |
| Matutu | Some part of the tauihu. |
| Mimiro | Cf. mimira in Williams's Maori Dictionary, 5th ed. Syn. tanekaha. An implement used to tighten lashings. |
| Moki | 1. Float; raft; rude float in form of canoe. 2. Surf-board. |
| Mokihi | Syn. moki. |
| Motumotu-toroa | (?). |
| Motu tawhiti | European ship. |
| Neke | Skid used in hauling canoes. Syn. rango. |
| Ngaro | A skid. Syn. rango, neke See neke. |
| Ngongo | Implies sailing close to the wind. |
| Ngongohau | Bow of a canoe. |
| Niao | Gunwale of a canoe. |
| Noko | Stern of a canoe. Syn. kei, ta, paremata. |
| Otu | Part of the pitau or taurapa. |
| Oa | Top-strakes as detached timbers. See rauoa, owa awa, rauawa, pairi. |
| Owa | 1. Thwart. 2. Top-strake. |
| Pae | Transverse supports of the floor of a canoe. |
| Paemanu | Thwart. |
| Paewai | Inner batten covering join of top-strake. See taka. |
| Pahi | A large seagoing canoe. See also waka pahi. |
| Pahua | Top-strake (Rev. R. Taylor. No cor-roboration). Syn. tiwai. |
| Paihau | Wings of haumi mortise. Syn. kuwha. See kuru, ure.page 427 |
| Pairi | 1. Fore wash-strake (Williams's Maori Dictionary). 2. Strake. "Ko nga pairi, ara rauawa, e wha i tetahi, e wha i tetahi taha, ka warn ai" (from "Story of Takitumu"). |
| Pakipaki o te ra | Ornamental border on top of sail. |
| Pakaiahi | Fireplace in a canoe. See ahipua. |
| Pakoko | Plain figurehead facing inwards. See whakaanga. |
| Pakokori | Deck-house of a large (?double) canoe. |
| Pakura | 1. A pattern of carving on top-strakes. 2. Projecting edge of top-strake. |
| Pakurukuru | Plain figurehead of waka tete Syn. tete, pakoko. |
| Panoho | Punting-pole. Syn. toko. |
| Papa-ara | Some part of a canoe. |
| Papa kai ra | Outer surface of side of canoe. |
| Papatahi | Single canoe. See marohi. |
| Papatai | 1. (?) Caulking-material of Typha leaves used in joins (J. White). 2. Outer surface of fore part of a canoe. |
| Papawai | Outer surface of bottom of canoe. |
| Parata | Carved design on under-side of prow. See toiere, koneke. |
| Pare arai wai parati | Apparently some form of wash-strake or water-fender on a deep-sea canoe. See pare-ngaru, pairi. |
| Pare arai ai turuturu | Apparently some form of wash-strake or water-fender on a deep-sea canoe. See pare-ngaru, pairi. |
| Paremata | Stern of a vessel. See kei, ta. |
| Pare-ngaru | 1. Wash-strakes. 2. Upright part of figurehead of a waka tete. |
| Parerua | Having two masts and sails. See pererua. |
| Paretai | Washboard. |
| Pātū | Piece of wood at bow to which ends of top-strakes were secured. |
| Patua | Syn. tiwai. |
| Pawai | Bilge of a canoe. |
| Pepe | Largest form of Moriori floats or raft canoes of Chatham Isles. Syn. waka pahi. |
| Pere | Sail. |
| Pererua | Canoe with two sails. Cf. parerua. |
| Pinaku | A waka taua, or war-canoe. See pitau.page 428 |
| Pitau | Williams gives—1. Perforated carvingo 2. Figurehead of a canoe ornamented with perforated carving. 3. War-canoe with a figurehead representing the whole human figure. Also (apparently) 4. The scroll in carvings. |
| Pitau whakareia | Figurehead of a canoe with arms turned backwards. |
| Pokai | Battens covering joints (R. H. Matthews). |
| Pohinikini | Carved design on end of paddle-handle. |
| Pora | 1. A large seagoing canoe. 2. European ships. See puke, kaipuke. |
| Porea | Canoe. See korea. |
| Poro-harore | Butt join of haumi. See haumi tuporo. |
| Potikitiki | Small grotesque human figures in canoe-carvings. |
| Poupou | Shrouds of a canoe-mast. |
| Puhau | (?) |
| Puhi | Feather ornaments. Putoi=single small bunch of feathers. Puhipuhi=a number of putoi tied together. When used for this purpose the webs are stripped from the shaft adhering to a portion of the rachis, which is flexible. Thus rigidity is avoided when the putoi are formed. |
| Puhi ariki | Feather ornaments on upper part of taurapa. |
| Puhi kai ariki | Feather ornaments on upper part of taurapa. |
| Puhi moana ariki | Feather ornaments on lower part of taurapa. |
| Puhi potae | Feather ornaments on taurapa (stern-piece). |
| Puhi rere | Feather ornaments on taurapa. |
| Puhoro | A painted design on under-part of prow of canoe. |
| Puke | 1. European ship. See kaipuke, tuwhenua, pora. 2. Denotes large canoe at some Pacific isles. |
| Punake | Fore part of hull of canoe. |
| Puna wai | Bailing-place; hole in floor-grating. See taingawai, taingariu. |
| Puneke | (?)page 429 |
| Punga | Anchor. |
| Punga karewa | Sea-anchor—the smaller stone anchor. See mahe, punga tarere. |
| Punga korewa | Sea-anchor—the smaller stone anchor. See mahe, punga tarere. |
| Punga kowhao | Stone anchor, pierced for cable attachment. |
| Punga tarere | Sea-anchor. See punga korew. |
| Punga taupuru | Heavy ground-anchor. |
| Punga whakawhenua | Heavy ground-anchor. |
| Punga terewai | Sounding-weight. Syn. punga tara. |
| Puraho | Open part of taurapa. |
| Puremu | Projecting timbers of Moriori canoe. |
| Purengi | Stay of a mast. Syn. puwhenua. |
| Purere | Tufts of feathers on battens of top strakes. |
| Puru | Plug in bottom of canoe. Syn. karemu. |
| Purupuru | 1. Caulking-tool. Syn. turn. 2. Caulking-material. |
| Putara | Haumi attached at forward end of hull. |
| Putere | A raft. |
| Putiki | The maunga taura, a projecting piece of wood in bottom of forward hold, left when hollowing out canoe as a place to attach hauling-ropes to. |
| Puwhenua | Stay of a mast. Syn. purengi. |
| Ra | Sail of a canoe. Syn. komaru, matnaru, whakawhiti, whara. |
| Ra kaupaparu | Lateen sail, rigged with mast, sprit, and boom. |
| Ra kautu | Upright triangular sail, attached to mast and sprit. |
| Ra poto whaiti | Syn. Ra turuturu matua. |
| Ra tauaka | Smaller after-sail of a parerua. |
| Ra tiaka (tianga) | Mat sail. (South Island.) |
| Ra turuturu matua | Mainsail. The largest sail of a parerua, forward of ra tauaki. |
| Ra whara | Sail of canoe. |
| Raho | The floor-grating of a canoe. Syn. koraho, kaiwae. |
| Rahoraho | The floor-grating of a canoe. Syn. koraho, kaiwae. |
| Raiawa | Syn. rauawa. |
| Rakau | Mast of a canoe. Syn. rewa, tira, tiratu, toko, tokotu. |
| Rango | Skid used in hauling canoe. Syn. ngaro, neke.page 430 |
| Rapa | Stern-piece. Syn. taurapa. |
| 1. Stern of a canoe. Syn. kei, noko. See paremata. 2. Bailer. Syn. tata, tiheru. | |
| Tahatu | Upper end of a sail. |
| Tahuna | Caulking-material (pappus of seeds of Typha angustifolia). Syn. hune. |
| Tahunga | Caulking-material (pappus of seeds of Typha angustifolia). Syn. hune. |
| Taingariu | Bailing-place in a canoe. Syn. puna wai. |
| Taingawai | Bailing-place in a canoe. Syn. puna wai. |
| Taitua | 1. Space between thwarts. See whariu, tauware, wa patiki. 2. "Ahakoa kua horo nga rauawa kei raro, me nga taka, me nga taitua," &c. |
| Taka | Outer batten covering join of top-strake. See paewai, pokai, tokai, kaho. |
| Takaki | Paddle having a straight handle—hoe takaki. |
| Takaore | A rope cringle or ring used as a step or containing-agent for certain spars. Syn. takauru. |
| Takere | Keel of a canoe. Syn. tangere. |
| Taketake | Lower end of a sail.page 431 |
| Takiato | Cross-supports for the raho. |
| Takotokoto | Sprit of a sail. Syn. titoko, tatakoto, kotokoto. |
| Taku | Gunwale. |
| Tanekaha | Implement for tightening lashings. Syn. mimiro. |
| Tangere | Keel of a canoe. Syn. takere. |
| Tao waka | Ballast; lading. |
| Tararo | Canoe adorned with plumes, carving, &c. |
| Taratahi | A single canoe. (South Island.) |
| Taroro | Possibly another name for the hihi of a superior canoe. |
| Tătā | A bailer. Syn. tiheru. |
| Tata tarawai | (?) |
| Tatakoto | Sprit of a sail. Syn. titoko, kotokoto, takotokoto. |
| Tauare | Thwart. Syn. tauware, taumanu, keretu, ama, kiato. |
| Tauihu | Figurehead or prow-piece of a canoe. |
| Taumanu | Thwart. Syn. tauware, tauare, keretu, ama, kiato. |
| Taumua | The fore haumi. |
| Taupa karekare wai | Some form of wash-strake or water-fender rigged on deep-sea vessels. |
| Taupopoki | Some part of fore end of canoe. |
| Taura ripi | Said to be the name of a rope used in manipulating outrigger. (No corro-boration.) |
| Taura whakaara | Forestay. See purengi, puwhenua, waewae, tukuroa. |
| Taurapa | Stern-piece of a canoe. |
| Tauroto | Stern-piece of a canoe. |
| Tauru | A skid. Syn. neke. |
| Taurua | Double canoe. Perhaps only applied to a temporary joining of two canoes. See huhumu, mahanga, unua, unuku, waka hourua. |
| Tauware | 1. Thwart. See taumanu. 2. Space between thwarts. See whariu, wa patiki, taitua. |
| Ta wai | Bailer. |
| Tawai | Syn. tiwai.page 432 |
| Tawe | Weight on a cable. |
| Tawharau | Canoe-shed. |
| Teke | Some part of the stern of a canoe. |
| Tete | 1. A plain figurehead. See waka tete. 2. (?) A design in carving. |
| Tiheru | A bailer Syn. tata. |
| Tira | Mast. Syn. tiratu, rewa, rakau. |
| Tiratu | Mast. |
| Titoko | Sprit of sail. Syn. tatakoto, kotokoto, takotokoto. |
| Tiwai | Hull of a canoe. See waka tiwai. |
| Toiera | A carved design on figurehead (according to Mohi Turei). |
| Toiere | Design carved on under-part of prow. Syn. koneke, parata. See waka toiere. |
| Tŏkai | Uprights in canoe supporting the kau-huahua, on which the floor rests. |
| Toko | Mast or sprit. |
| Toko | Punting-pole. Syn. panoho. |
| Tokotu | 1. Masts. 2. Stanchions of mahau. |
| Toro | Boom of outrigger. Syn. hokai. |
| Torowhiti | Cross-rods of awning-roof. Syn. whiti, whiti-tu. |
| Tuangi | Projecting upper part of top-strake. |
| Tuataka | Batten over join of top-strake. |
| Tuki | A canoe having no figurehead or stern-piece, according to one authority. Mohi Turei seems to apply it to a first-class canoe. |
| Tukuroa | Backstay. See taura whakaara, purengi, puwhenua, waewae. |
| Tungauru | Platform at stern used as a seat. |
| Tupa | Pads of raupo (Typha) on joins of figurehead. |
| Turn | Caulking-tool. Syn. purupuru. |
| Turuturu kauawhi | (?) Brace or rib inside canoe. |
| Tuwhenua | European ships so termed. See puke, kaipuke. Said to be the name of some ancient form of vessel known to Maori (doubtful). |
| Uhirau | Covering-mats of awning. See huripoki. |
| Unua | A double canoe—waka unua. See hu-hunu, mahanga, taurua, waka hourua.page 433 |
| Unuku | A double canoe. |
| Ure | Tenon of haumi join. Syn. kuru. |
| Urunga | Seer-oar. Syn. hoe whakatere. |
| Urungi | Seer-oar. Syn. hoe whakatere. |
| Utuutu matua | Bailing-well. |
| Waewae | Shrouds of mast. See purengi, pu-whenua, taura whakaara, tukuroa. |
| Waha | Sheet of a sail. |
| Waihape | To beat against the wind. |
| Waihapehape | To beat against the wind. |
| Waka | Canoe; also trough, box, &c. |
| Waka ama | Outrigger canoe. |
| Waka haumi | 1. A canoe the hull of which is formed of more than one piece. See kotore-puni. 2. Tender; canoe used for carrying sea-stores. |
| Waka hourua | A double canoe. See huhunu, mahanga taurua, unua, unuku. |
| Waka koporo | Canoe with square cut-off stern. |
| Waka mamae | Canoe employed in an expedition of blood vengeance, or a canoe of a chief broken up at his death, part of which would probably be used as a mortuary memorial. |
| Waka maori | Native canoe. |
| Waka marohi | Single canoe. See papatahi. |
| Waka pahi | A form of the curious Moriori canoe-like floats. See korari, waka puhara, waka ra, waka rimu. |
| Waka pakoko | A canoe with figurehead on which the carved head faced inwards. See pakoko, whakaanga. |
| Waka pitau | A superior canoe. See under pitau. |
| Waka puhara | One form of Moriori canoes (so called) of Chatham Isles. Syn. korari. See waka ra, waka rimu. |
| Waka ra | A form of Moriori canoe. |
| Waka rimu | A Moriori form. |
| Waka taroro | Applied by Mohi Turei to a high-class canoe, apparently because adorned with a taroro. |
| Waka taua | War-canoe; superior type.page 434 |
| Waka tete | Second-class canoe, with plain figure-head. |
| Waka tiwai | Third-class canoe; a small type, having no top-strakes or ornamental work. |
| Waka toiera | According to Mohi Turei, a canoe of waka taua class having the toiera design or style of carving on its figurehead. Cf. toiere. |
| Waka toiere | A canoe having a toiere carved on its prow. |
| Waka tokau | A canoe without adornment such as carved attachments. |
| Waka totokau | A canoe without adornment such as carved attachments. |
| Waka unua | Double canoe. See huhunu, mahanga, taurua, unua, unuku, waka hourua. |
| Waka whakarei | A superior canoe adorned with carved designs. |
| Waka whakarei papatahi | A single canoe so adorned. |
| Waka whakarei unua | A double canoe so adorned. |
| Wa patiki | Space between thwarts. Perhaps applied to any enclosed or confined space. See taitua, tauware, whariu. |
| Whakaanga | Inward-facing figure of figurehead. See pakoko. |
| Whakaheke | To sail directly before the wind. See aronui, rere paepae, waihape. |
| Whakakiko | Patch on a canoe, let in like a plug. See rau tawake. |
| Whakaparata | Lower part of figurehead resting on parata. |
| Whakarei | Williams gives—1. Carved work at the head and stern of a canoe. 2. Canoe with elaborately carved figurehead, bust, and arms. See waka whakarei. |
| Whakareia | See pitau whakareia. |
| Whakawahine | Apparently another name for the kauhua. |
| Whakawhiti | Sail of a canoe. See komaru, mamaru, ra, whara. |
| Whara | A pad of raupo leaves covering join of top-strake. |
| Whara | Sail of a canoe. See komaru, mamaru, ra, whakawhiti.page 435 |
| Whariu | Space between thwarts. See taitua, tauware, wa patiki. |
| Whiti | Rods secured to uprights and extending across canoe as support for awning. See torowhiti. |
| Whiti-tu | Rods secured to uprights and extending across canoe as support for awning. See torowhiti. |
| Whitirea | A rope used in manipulating a sail, probably the lateen sail. |
The following have been culled from Williams's Maori Dictionary:—
| Hao | To steer a canoe to starboard. |
| Hoe waka | Denotes the crew of a canoe. |
| Hukere | To paddle with vigorous strokes. |
| Iho | The principal person in a canoe. |
| Kaihautu | Fugleman of a canoe. |
| Kaituki | Fugleman of a canoe. |
| Kake | To beat to windward in sailing. |
| Kaumoana | A mariner—member of a crew. |
| Korope | To turn a canoe by using the paddle at the stern, reaching out and drawing the paddle towards the side. |
| Rautu | Denotes a sharp keel. |
| Tapuaka | A knot for holding the anchor of a canoe; a clove hitch secured by knotting the ends over a rod used for lifting the anchor. |
| Tirau | To draw a canoe sideways with the paddle. |
| Tititai | Fugleman of a canoe. |
| Whakairi matamata | To keep a canoe head to the wind. |
| Whakakake | To beat to windward in sailing. |