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The Endeavour Journal of Joseph Banks 1768–1771 [Volume Two]

Appendix I — Interpolations in the Journal

Appendix I
Interpolations in the Journal

1. Electricity

Octr 25.1768 five miles South of the Line by guess Long….

Machine

Made by Ramsden. Workd by a flat plate 8 inches diameter the Phial used was 6½ inches in hight and 5½ in diameter without the neck; the distance between the stopper and coating 3 inches; the stopper made of wood and fastned to the glass on the inside by a red cement probably sealing wax. The Electrometer was divided into 30 parts making in all 1½ inches nearest. About nine in the Morn the machine was set up, when we suppos'd ourselves to be somewhat more than five miles south of the line; the day pleasant, but rather cloudy; the ship going between three and four Knotts.

When the plate was first turnd round the Cushions appeard to be damp, adhering to the glass so that it was with dificulty made to move very slowly round, tho the cushions were screwd on as lightly as possible. After wiping them very well the plate was made to go round, and in about ten minutes Electricity was excited, tho but in a small degree. The motion of the ship, and the shaking of the table causd by turning the machine, made the Electrometer (which was a very unsteady one) move backwards and forwards visibly to the eye; so that it was impossible to ascertain exactly at what distance it dischargd the Phial: it however was guessd to be about a line when at the greatest distance.

It continued to work in this manner about half an hour, in which time several attempts were made to give the shock; which succeeded very ill, the shocks being very small, tho given with the greatest quantity of Electricity that could be got into the Phial. It then, (after having grown by degrees weaker and weaker) ceasd to work intirely; upon which water was applied to the cushions, but without any effect: every thing was then wiped and dried as well as could be done in our situation, the cushions being carried to fire; but no Electric[i]ty perceivable to the touch was communicated to the conductor: whether any was then excited on the surface of the plate we did not then observe. An amalgama of Lead was then applied, which causd a small degree of Electricity, much smaller than at first, which very soon ceasd also, from that time no electric[i]ty perceivable (except by Cantons Electrometer)1 could be communicated to the conductor, tho the machine was workd near an hour.

page 277

In the course of these experiments two thing[s] were observd, differing from the Phænomena usualy seen. First, the Phial when filld with Electricity as full as the Machine could; would not contain it more than a very few seconds, 3 or 4 by guess; (for no opportunity of measuring by a watch was given, the Machine Leaving off working without any warning when it was not expected.) At the end of this time not the smallest quantity of Electricity was left tho I tried all my Phials 5 in number two of which were such as were describd above: the others were small ones, made much in the same manner, but instead of being coated on the inside filld with leaf gold.

Secondly, the floor of the Cabbin in which the experiments were tried, was coverd with a red floor cloth of painted Canvas, that had been issued to the ship from his majesties stores at Debtford; which was usually washed with salt water every morning, and sufferd to dry without being ever taken up. This provd as good a conductor of Electricity as any we could make use of; so that a man standing on one side the machine, and touching the coating of the Phial, was shockd by another who touchd the conductor w[i]thout having any communication with the first, except by the floor cloth under his feet. This Dr Solander and myself tried several ways, but made more experiments afterwards with Mr Greens Machine as taken notice of in the next paper.

The ill success of these experiments seems to me to have arisen cheifly from the uncommon dampness of the circumambient air which had been observd by everybody since we crossd the tropick and is largely taken notice of in my Journal. By this solution alone all the Phænomena that appeard may be accounted for.

Air charged with particles of damp is well known to be of all others the greatest enemy to Electricity, it immediately attracts and dissipates all the electrical matter which is collected by the machine; the machine therefore worked faintly for a little while till the damp was condensed on the conductor and cheifly on the surface of the glass Phial and then ceas'd intirely. A small quantity was however always perceivable upon the surface of the plate and even to the end of the conductor.

The Phial tho chargd as full as the machine would fill it even at the time of its best working would not contain the Electrical matter scarce at all owing doubtless to the Communication made by the condensed damp between the Coating and stopper of the Phial; this increasd every moment so that at last it would not contain Electricity at all.

The situation on board a ship would not allow the making use of a fire at least to warm the whole machine as should have been done and would have been a great satisfaction but the motion of the ship, the distance of the galley from the Cabbin and the number of people who are constantly busy there made that impossible.

The dampness of the air compland of here has not been observd now for the first time. Piso in his account of the Brazils p. 5 mentions it and says that victuals &c. which have kept well before spoil immediately page 278 here. This therefore may account for the general opinion of Electrical machines failing to work when near the line as the fault could not be in my machine which workd remarkably well in London and full as well as I expected in Madeira.

1 John Canton (1718-72), one of the most distinguished electrical experimenters of the time; F.R.S. 1749; he invented among other things the electrometer and the electroscope.

Octr 25. 1768. 17 Miles south of the line
Mr Greens machine

The machine was made by Watkins;1 it workd with a flat plate of Glass inches in diameter; the Jar was of Glass 8 inches high and 7 deep coated with varnish between the Lead and the stopper which was of cork, no varnish comeing between that and the neck; the Electrometer was divided into 30 parts which containd 1 inch and ⅛.

[1] The plate at first refusd to go round as mine had before done the cushions being drawn together by the Glass which they seemd to adhere to probably from their dampness. After some time turning however this went off and in about 10 minutes Electripity was excited.

The Electrometer was then applied which went off at No 7.

2 Electricity was kept in the Phial 30 seconds without loosing any sensible part

3 a hole was struck through two cards by the discharging wyer.

4 Shocks were given to several people much greater than any that could be Given by my machine.

Presumably F. Watkins, a London instrument-maker, of whom little seems to be known.

Presumably F. Watkins, a London instrument-maker, of whom little seems to be known.

page 279

5 the Phænomenon of the floor cloth proving a conductor was tried more fully than before. A wyer (b) was passd round the Phial (a) the two ends of which were taken hold of by two people (cc) who each took hold of another person (dd). The operator (e) then touched the Phial with his discharging wyer and receivd the shock through both his arms as did (cc) and (dd) sometimes, tho at others (dd) felt it only in the arms by which they held (cc). The comparative force of the blows which each felt was very dificult to ascertain but we supposd that (cc) felt more than (dd) and probably the operator most of all.

The chief reason why this machine workd better than mine seems to me to be that the bottle was coated with varnish between the stopper and coating of Lead. This probably did not condense the damp of the air near so readily as Glass and consequently the machine workd well when mine refusd to work at all.

1 Presumably F. Watkins, a London instrument-maker, of whom little seems to be known.

Monday March ye 19th 1770 of the Coast of [New Zealand]
Lat. S. Long.

The machine on being taken out of the Box was found to have had by some accident the plate and one of the Phials broken; the former was replacd by a spare one. Every part of it was perfectly dry and workd with great freedom; a small proportion of Electricity only could be excited, the most enough to strike through one card. During all our experiments the floor cloth conductd as it had done before tho it had not been washd for some weeks our experiment[s] were soon cut short by the wind which was foul freshning so much that we could not with safety let the Machine stand. — The day was rather hazey.

Friday March 23d 1770. Lat. Long.

All the day was clear and the evening also very fine. At sunset the machine was set up; it at first intirely refusd to work but after about ¼ of an hour some sparks were excited, the greatest however that we could raise it to was only a slight shock. The floor cloth conducted as usual which we ascertaind by resting upon a table or chair in which case we did not feel the shock which standing upon the ground we always did.

2. Madeira Fisha

Muræna guttata Mss Merca Lus.1

—– Anguilla Linn.2

1 Murenophis angusti (Kaup) Moray. Parkinson II, pl. 1; Solander p. 201.

2 The Common Eel, Anguilla anguilla. Lowe (1839) says that eels are the only indigenous freshwater fish of the island.

page 280
  • Trachinus Draco Linn. Aranha Lus.1

  • Coryphæna Novacula Linn. Papagaya Lus.2

  • Scorpæna Patriarcha Mscr.3

  • —– Chorrista Mscr Menino do coro Lus.4

  • Pleuronectes Rhomboides Mscr Solha Lus.5

  • Chætodon luridus Mss Castanpeta Lus.6

  • Sparus sarghus Linn. Sargho.7

  • —– griseus Mss.8

  • —– mundus Mss.9

  • Callyodon rubiginosus Mss Budiam Lus.10

  • Labrus lunaris Linn. Peixe verde Lus.11

  • Sciena angustata Mss. Bocavoens Lus.12

  • Perca decorata Mss.13

  • —– Imperator Mss Emperador Lus.14

  • Scomber scombrus Linn.15

  • —– Trachurus Linn.16

1 The Greater Weever. According to Lowe its vernacular name is ‘Aranha do Mar’, and ‘Aranha’ is used for Trachinus vipera, the Lesser Weever.

2 Xyrichthys novacula. Parkinson II, pl. 8; Solander p. 217.

3 Scorpaena porcus. Parkinson II, pl. 15; Solander p. 217.

4 Pontinus kuhlii (Bowdich). Parkinson II, pl. 18, upper figure; Solander pp. 213–5. One of Banks's specimens of this very handsome fish is still in the collection at the British Museum.

5 Bothuspodas (Delaroche).

6 Abudefduf luridus (Guy.). See Parkinson II, pl. 29, lower figure, and Solander p. 227. Cuvier founded this species on a Madeiran specimen labelled C. luridus in Broussonet's collection. Broussonet was a great friend of Banks and, like him, primarily a botanist but with many other interests.

7 Diplodus sargus. There is a painting by Buchan in Parkinson II, pl. 37, lower figure; Solander p. 229.

8 Pagellus bogaraveo (Brünnich), Spanish Bream. Painted by Buchan in Parkinson II, pl. 51, lower figure; Solander p. 233.

9 It has not been possible to identify this species, although there is a long description by Solander, pp. 235–6, with a reference to a painting which has not been found. It is possible that the latter was given another Ms name: this has happened in one or two other cases.

10 Sparisoma cretensis. Parkinson II, pl. 43; Solander p. 239. Cuvier and Valenciennes published the name Seaus rubiginosus in 1840 (Hist. Nat. Poissons, 14, p. 171) from the Solander Ms and Parkinson drawings; they also cited other authors, such as Lowe, Webb and Berthelot.

11 Thalassoma pavo. Parkinson II, pl. 47, upper figure; Solander p. 243.

12 Centracanthus cirrus (Rafinesque). Parkinson II, pl. 63, lower figure; Solander p. 245. In 1830 Cuvier and Valenciennes wrote (op. cit. 6, p. 421) ‘Nous avons trouvé dans les dessins de Parkinson une figure faite à Madère.—–Solander avait nommé cette espèce Sciaena angustata’.

13 Paracentropristis atrkauda (Günther). Parkinson II, pl. 83; Solander p. 255. Mr A. C. Wheeler has recently discovered Banks's specimen in the British Museum collections.

14 Anthias anthias. Parkinson II, pi. 79; Solander p. 257. There are two paintings of this fish: on the back of one is written ‘Mr. B. thinks it too pale’, so apparently Parkinson made the second one, which is most beautiful, to satisfy Banks. The specimen collected then is still in the British Museum.

15 Mackerel.

16 Trachurus trachurus (Linn.). The Scad or Horse Mackerel.

page 281

3. Plants of Madeira1

N.B. the mark of a star * in the margin signifies that the plant so markd is not wild but cultivated a cross + that for want of fructification the plant could not certainly be determi[n]d.

Monandria

  • Canna indica Linn. Bananeira brava. Conteira preta

  • * Amomum Zingiber Linn.

  • Callitriche verna Linn.

Diandria

  • * Nyctanthes sambac Linn. flore pleno

  • * Jasminum officinale Linn.

  • * —– grandiflorum Linn.

  • + Olea europæa Linn.

  • Veronica anagallis Linn.

  • Verbena officinalis Linn.

  • * Rosmarinus officinalis Linn.

  • * Salvia officinalis Linn.

Triandria

  • Gladiolus communis Linn. Alho brabo

  • Iris

  • Cyperus rotundus Linn.

  • —– flavescens Linn.

  • Scirpus setaceus Linn.

  • * Saccharum officinarura Linn.

  • Phalaris canariensis Linn.

  • —– oblongata Mss.

  • Panicum Junceum. Mscr. Grama

  • Panicum glaucum Linn.

  • —– sanguinale Linn.

  • —– Crus Gorvi Linn. Milhaa Lus.

  • Milium paradoxum Linn.

  • Agrostis linearis Mscr.

  • —– bromoides Linn.

  • —– sanguinalis Mscr.

  • —– pallida Mscr.

  • —– sylvatica Linn.

  • Poa annua Linn.

  • Briza minor Linn.

  • —– maxima Linn. Xucalheira Lus.

page 282
  • Cynosurus indicus Linn.

  • —– echinatus Linn.

  • Festuca sylvatica Mscr. Bromus pinnatus Linn.

  • Bromus geniculatus Linn.

  • Avena fatua Linn. Balanco Lus.

  • —– elatior Linn.

  • —– nodosa Linn.

  • Arundo donax Linn. Canavieira Lus.

  • Aristida Adscentionis Linn.

  • Lolium perenne Linn.

  • —– temulentum Linn.

  • Hordeum murinum Linn.

  • Triticum repens Linn. Forscapa Lus.

  • Polycarpon tetraphyllum Linn. Saboira Lus.

Tetrandria

  • Alyssum angustifolium Fig. pict. Mscr. Malforada Lus.

  • Sherardia arvensis Linn.

  • Galium mollugo Linn. Var. angustifolia

  • —– vesiculosum Mscr.

  • Plantago lanceolata Linn.

  • —– media Linn. Tanxage Lus.

  • —– albicans Linn.

  • Eleagnus angustifolia Linn. Oleveira Lus.

  • Ilex Perado Mss. Perado Lus. fig. pict.

  • + — Azevinho Mss. Azevinho Lus. fig. pict.

  • Sagina procumbens Linn.

Pentandria

  • Heliotropium europæum Linn.

  • Myosotis scorpoides palustris Linn.

  • —– arvensis Linn.

  • Cynoglossum cheirifolium Linn. Masarogueira Lus.

  • —– officinale Linn.

  • Echum vulgare Linn.

  • Anagallis arvensis Linn.

  • Convolvulus flexuosus Mss.

  • * —– Batatas Linn. Batata Lus.

  • —– arvensis Linn. corriola Lus.

  • —– altheoides Linn.

  • Campanula erinus Linn.

  • Lonicera caprifolium Linn.

  • Mirabilis Jalapa Linn. Boninas Lus.

  • Datura Stramonium Linn. Bufarcira Lus.

  • Hyocyamus albus Linn. Maimondro Lus.

  • Nicotiana Tabacum Linn. Erva santa Lus.

  • * Solanum tuberosum Linn.

page 283
  • Solanum nigrum Linn.

  • —– pseudocapsicum Linn. Pimenteira Lus.

  • —– Lycopersicum Linn. Tomatos Lus.

  • Capsicum frutescens a Linn.

  • Heberdenia excelsa Mscr. Aderno Lus. fig. pict.

  • Lycium barbarum Linn. Espinheiro Lus.

  • * Mangifera indica Linn. Mangoira Lus.

  • * Ribes rubrum Linn.

  • * —– grossularia Linn.

  • Hedera helix Linn.

  • * Vitis vinifera Linn.

  • Achyranthes aspera Sicula Linn.

  • * Celosia cristata Linn.

  • * Gardenia florida Linn.

  • Chenopodium murale Linn.

  • —– album Linn.

  • —– ambrosoides Linn.

  • Caucalis arvensis Mss.

  • Daucus visnaga Linn. Bisnaga Lus.

  • Ammi majus Linn. Margaca Lus.

  • Sium nodifioruim? Linn. Rabassa Lus.

  • Anethum Fœniculum Linn. Funcho Lus.

  • Apium petroselinum Linn.

  • Rhus ceriaria Linn. Sumagre Lus.

  • Sambucus obulus Linn.

  • Alsine media Linn.

  • Linum perenne Linn.

Hexandria

  • * Bromelia Ananas Linn.

  • Amaryllis belladonna Linn.

  • Allium oleraceum Linn. Sabolinho bracco Lus.

  • * —– cepa Linn.

  • Lilium candidum Linn.

  • Dracæna Draco Linn.

  • Aloe perfoliata Linn.

  • * Agave Americana Linn.

  • Juncus Effusus Linn.

  • —– tenax Mscr.

  • Meadia repens Mscr. Erva branca. Erva terra Lus. fig. pict.

  • Rumex aquaticus Linn. Azeda Lus.

  • —– scutatus Linn. Labassa Lus.

  • Mermulano Heb[erden] Mss.

Octandria

  • Tropæolum minus Linn.

  • Vaccinium elevatum Mss. Uveira Lus.

page 284
  • Erica cinerea? Linn.

  • Polygonum aviculare Linn. Sempre noiva Lus.

  • —– Hydropiper Linn. Polgueira Lus.

  • —– Barbatum Linn.

Erneandria

  • Laurus nobilis Linn.

  • —– indica Linn.

  • —– nitida Mscr. fig. pict.

  • * —– fœtens Mscr. fig. pict. Til. Lus.

  • * —– cinnamomum Linn.

Decandria

  • Cassia bicapsularis Linn.

  • Ruta graveolens Linn. Arvuda Lus.

  • Glethra arborea Mscr. Folhada Lus. fig. pict.

  • Dianthus prolifer Linn.

  • * —– cariophyllus Linn.

  • Cucubalus Behen Linn. Estralho Lus.

  • Silene gallica Linn.

  • —– inaperta Linn.

  • Stellaria graminea Linn.

  • Cotyledon umbelicus Linn.

  • Oxalis corniculata Linn. Pedepassaro Bolsa de pastor Lus.

  • Cerastium viscosum Linn.

  • * Phytolacca decandra Linn.

Dodecandria

  • Portulacca oleracea Linn. Baldruegas Lus.

  • Lythrum Hyssopifolia Linn.

  • Agrimonia eupatoria Linn.

  • Reseda luteola Linn.

  • Euphorbia peplus Linn.

  • —– verrucosa Linn. Truirisco Lus.

  • Sempervivum arboreum Linn.

Icosandria

  • Cactus Ficus indica Linn.

  • * Psidium pyriferum Linn.

  • * Eugenia Jambos Linn.

  • Myrtus communis Lusitanica Linn. Myrto Lus.

  • —– tarentina Linn.

  • * pulposa Mss.

  • Punica Granatum Linn.

  • * Amygdalus persica Linn.

  • * Prunus armenaica Linn.

  • * —– cerasus Linn.

page 285
  • * Prunus domestica Linn.

  • * Mespilus germanica Linn.

  • * Pyrus communis Linn.

  • * —– Malus Linn.

  • * —– Cydonia Linn.

  • * Rosa gallica Linn. flore albo

  • Rubus pedatus Mss. Silva Lus.

  • —– fruticosus Linn.

  • * Fragaria vesca Linn.

  • Potentilla reptans Linn.

Polyandria

  • Chelidonium majus Linn. Seredonia Celedonia Lus.

  • Delphinium consolida Linn.

  • Nigella damascena Linn.

  • * Liriodendrum tulipifera Linn.

  • Ranunculus repens Linn. Solda da terra Lus.

Didynamia

  • Lavandula pinnata Mss. Criceta de gallo fig. pict.

  • Sideritis canariensis Linn.

  • Mentha pulegium Linn. Poejo Lus.

  • —– rotundifolia Linn.

  • Stachys arvensis Linn.

  • Ballota nigra Linn.

  • Clinopodium vulgare Linn.

  • Origanum creticum Linn. Ouregas Lus.

  • * Thymus vulgaris Linn.

  • Melissa calamintha Linn.

  • Dracocephalum canariense Linn.

  • * Ocymum Basilicum Linn.

  • Prunella vulgaris Linn.

  • Antirrhinum cordatum Mss. fig. pict. Orelhas de gato Lus.

  • Serophularia Scorodonia Linn.

  • Digitalis purpurea Linn. Tegeira Lus.

  • * Bignonia radicans Linn.

  • Acanthus spinosus Linn.

Tetradynamia

  • * Lepidium sativum Linn.

  • Cochlearia coronopus Linn.

  • Sisymbrium Nasturtium Linn. Agriao Lus.

  • Erysimum officinale Linn.

  • * Brassica oleracea Linn.

  • * —– rapa Linn.

  • * Sinapis alba Linn. Mustarda Lus.

  • Isatis tinctoria Linn.

page 286

Monadelphia

  • Geranium robertianum Linn. Agulheta Lus.

  • —– cicutarium Linn.

  • Sida Rhombifolia Linn. Bertonha Lus.

  • Malva rotundifolia Linn. Malva Lus.

  • —– mauritanica Linn.

  • * Hibiscus rosa sinensis Linn.

Diadelphia

  • Fumaria officinalis Linn. Molharinha Lus.

  • Spartium scoparium Linn.

  • Genista canariensis Linn. Piorno Lus.

  • * Lupinus albus Linn.

  • * Phaseolus vulgaris a Linn.

  • * —– coccineus Linn.

  • * Pisum sativum Linn.

  • Vicia gracilis Mss.

  • Ervum hirsutum Linn. Ervilhata Lus.

  • Cicer arietinum Linn.

  • Ornithopus perpusillus Linn.

  • Scorpiurus vermiculata Linn.

  • Psoralea bituminosa Linn. Fudigocos Lus.

  • —– americana Linn.

  • Trifolium glomeratum Linn.

  • —– agrarium Linn.

  • —– repens Linn.

  • —– Melilotus Italica Linn.

  • —– angustifolium Linn. Pesegaja Lus.

  • Lotus glaucus Mscr. fig. pict.

  • Medicago polymorpha muricata Linn.

  • —– lupulina Linn.

Polyadelphia

  • * Citrus medica Linn.

  • —– Aurantium Linn.

  • Hypericum canariense Linn. Sepiao Lus.

  • —– perforatum Linn. Peseguiero Lus.

  • —– humifusum Linn.

  • —– glandulosum Mscr.

  • —– evectum Mscr.

Syngenesia

  • Picris Echioides Linn. Kapasaya Lus.

  • Sonchus oleraceus Linn. Peseguiro Lus.

  • Lactuca sativa Linn.

  • Leontodon nudicaule Mss. Letubra Lus.

  • Crepis tenuifolia Mss.

  • Lapsana stellata Linn.

page 287
  • Cicoreum Intybus Linn.

  • Scolymus hispanicus Linn.

  • Arctium Lappa Linn.

  • Carduus pycnocephalus Linn.

  • Carthamus tinctorius Linn. Cardo brabo Lus.

  • Carthamus lanatus Linn.

  • Gnaphalium crassifolium Linn. fig. pict.

  • —– luteo albidum Linn.

  • Conyza Saxatilis Linn. Murnaneira Lus.

  • Erigeron canadense Linn.

  • Senecio viscosus Linn.

  • * Aster chinensis Linn.

  • * Tagetes erecta Linn.

  • Chrysanthemum segetum Linn.

  • Matricaria parthenium Linn. Artemigo Lus.

  • Anthemis cotula Linn.

  • * Helianthus annutis Linn.

  • Coreopsis Leucanthema Linn. Malpica Don Andrera Lus.

  • Centaurea calcitrapa Linn.

  • Calendula arvensis Linn.

  • Lobelia Longifolia Mscr.

  • Viola odorata Linn. Viola Lus.

  • * Impatiens balsamina Linn.

  • * Gynandria

  • Passiflora quadrangularis Linn.

  • * Arum colocasia Linn. Inhame Lus.

  • —– sagittifolium Linn.

  • —– pictum Mss. Inhame de Bresil Lus. fig. pict.

Monoecia

  • Lemna minor Linn.

  • Zea Mays Linn.

  • Coix Lacryma Jobi Linn. Conteiras brancas Lus.

  • Carex muricata Linn.

  • * Buxus sempervirens Linn.

  • Urtica urens Linn.

  • * Morus nigra Linn.

  • Amaranthus hybridus Linn.

  • —– blitum Linn. Bredos Lus.

  • Poterium sanguisorba Linn.

  • Juglans regia Linn.

  • Fagus castanea Linn.

  • Pinus pinea Linn. Pinheira

  • * Cupressus sempervirens Linn.

  • * Cucurbita lagenaria Linn.

page 288
  • * Cucurbita pepo Linn.

  • * —– citrullus Linn.

  • * Cucumis Melo Linn.

  • * Sativus Linn.

Dioecia

  • Salix purpurea Linn. Venae Lus.

  • —– Helix Linn. Seiseiro Lus.

  • Smilax latifolia Mss. Alegecadela Lus. fig. pict.

  • Populus alba Linn. Alimo Lus.

  • Mercurialis ambigua Linn.

  • * Carica Papya Linn.

  • Juniperus oxycedrus Linn.

  • Taxus baccata Linn.

  • * Ruscus androgynus Linn. Alegacam Lus.

Polygamia

  • Musa sapientum Linn.

  • Andropogon hirtum Linn.

  • Holcus halepensis Linn. Scabracha Lus.

  • —– mollis Linn.

  • Cenchrus setosus Mscr.

  • Parietaria officinalis Linn. Alfavaca Lus.

  • * Mimosa Farnesiana Linn.

  • * Diospyrus Lotus Linn. fig. pict.

  • * Ficus carica Linn.

Cryptogamia

  • Equisetum arvense Linn.

  • + Osmunda Maderensis Mscr. fig. pict.

  • —– spicant Linn.

  • Pteris aquilina Linn. Feiteira Lus.

  • Asplenium adiantum nigrum Linn.

  • —– marinum Linn.

  • —– monanthes Linn. fig. pict.

  • Polypodium Thelypteris Mscr. Acrosticum Th. Linn. fig. pict.

  • —– lineatum Mscr.

  • —– fragile Linn.

  • Adiantum trapeziforme Linn. Cabreira Lus.

  • Trichomanes canariense Linn.

  • Mnium politrichoides Linn.

  • Hypnum rugosum Mscr.

  • Jungermannia tamariscifolia Linn.

  • Lichen articulatus Linn. Barba Lus.

  • —– calicaris Linn.

  • —– digitatus Linn.

  • Marchantia polymorpha Linn. Patinha Lus.

  • Lichen geographicus Linn.

page 289
  • Lichen calicaris Linn.

  • Byssus aurea Linn.

  • Phoenix dactyfera Linn.

Appendix

  • Faya Lus.

  • Pao branco Lus.

  • Salvia major folio glauco serrato Stoane Hist. Jam. p.17. T.3. fig.3

1 This list, hitherto unpublished, constitutes the first florula of Madeira, and is notable particularly for its record of early introductions. Contemporary naturalists such as Bory de St Vincent (Essais sur les Isles Fortunés, 1803) notice Cook's visit but have evidently no knowledge of the Ms catalogue. The first published plant list (1825) was based on the collections of Leopold von Buch (1774-1853), made in Madeira in 1816.—The abbreviations ‘fig. pict.’ or ‘f.p.’ (figura picta) refer to drawings by Parkinson of the plants so noted. The list is here printed from the Ms verbatim et literatim.

4. Plantæ Brasilienses1

Monandria

  • Canna Indica Sp. pl. 1.1

  • —– lævicapsularis Mscr.

  • Thalia geniculata 3.1

  • Boerhavia scandens 4.3

  • Salicornia procumbens Mscr.

Diandria

  • Nyctanthes Sambac 8.2.fl.pl.

  • —– Jasminum officinale 9.1

  • Verbena Jamaicencis 27.3

  • —– varietas glabra

  • —– hirsuta

  • Rosmarinus officinalis 33.1

  • Piper Amalago 41.6

  • —– hispidum Mscr.

  • —– lævigatum Mscr.

Triandria

  • Iris Ensata Mscr.

  • Commelina communis 60.1

  • —– Zannonia 61.7

  • Schœnus glomeratus 65.11

  • —– squarrosus Mscr.

  • Cyperus minimus 66.2. Mscr.

  • —– sessilis Mscr.

  • —– strigosus 69.18. Mscr.

  • —– compressus 68.14. Mscr.

  • —– elegans 68.11. Mscr.

page 290
  • Cyperus rotundus 67.6. Mscr.

  • —– ligularis 69.19. Mscr.

  • —– Comosus Mscr.

  • —– exaltatus Mscr.

  • Scirpus spadiceus 74.20. Mscr.

  • Paspalum virgatum 81.2

  • Panicum glaucum 83.4. Mscr.

  • —– setosum Mscr.

  • —– Italicum 83.6. Mscr.

  • —– pallidum Mscr.

  • —– sanguinale 84.73. Mscr.

  • Milium villosum Mscr.

  • —– punctatum 91.5

  • Agrostis indica 94.13

  • —– cruciata 94.15

  • —– linearis 85. 16. Mscr.

  • Aira cappillaris Mscr.

  • Poa ciliaris 102.20

  • Briza eragrostis 103.5. Mscr.

  • Gynosurus virgatus 106.6

  • —– indicus 106.8. Mscr.

  • Mollugo verticilata 131.5

Tetrandria

  • Spermacoce tenuior 147.1

  • —– hirta 148.3

  • —– Capitata Mscr. fig. pict.

  • Plantago major 163.1

  • Scoparia dulcis 168.1

  • Cissus Sycioides 170.3

  • —– quinquefolia Mscr.

  • Ludwigia hirta Mscr.

  • Rivina humilis 177.1

  • Lygistum capitatum Mscr.

  • —– pentandrum Mscr.

Pentandria

  • Heliotropium peruvianum 181.1. fig. pict.

  • —– scabrosum Mscr.

  • Anagallis Monelli 211.2

  • Convolvulus blandus Mscr.

  • —– umbellatus 221.13

  • —– sarmentosus Mscr.

  • —– humifusus Mscr.

  • —– amœnus Mscr. fig. pict.

  • —– brasiliensis 226.41

  • Conocarpus racemosa 251.2

page 291
  • Nicotiana Tabacum 258.3

  • Physalis angulata 262.7

  • Solanum verbascifolum 263.1

  • —– hirsutum Mscr.

  • —– rigidum Mscr.

  • —– Lycopersicum 265.11

  • —– nigrum patulum 266.15.B.

  • —– campechiense 267.18

  • —– panniculatum 267.10

  • Capsicum annuum 270.1

  • Wheleria oppositifolia Mscr.

  • —– alternifolia

  • Cordia? macrophylla 274.4?

  • Varronia scabrosa Mscr.

  • —– curassavica 276.4

  • Ceratites amœna Mscr. fig. pict.

  • Cestrum nocturnum 277.1

  • Sideroxylon lævigatum Mscr.

  • Rhamnus Iguaneus 282.17. Mscr.

  • Celastrus myrtifolius 285.3. Mscr.

  • —– lævigatus Mscr.

  • Physiphora lævigata Mscr.

  • Celosia cristata 297.3

  • Illicebrum vermiculatum 300.10

  • —– glabratum Mscr.

  • Echites pubescens Mscr. fig. pict.

  • —– tomentosa Mscr.

  • Tabernemontana cymosa L. Mant. 53

  • Cynanchum suaveolens Mscr. fig. pict.

  • —– crassifolium Mscr. fig. pict.

  • Asclepias suaveolens Mscr. fig. pict.

  • Chenopodium album 319.6.

  • —– ambrosioides 320.10

  • Gomphrœna globosa 326.1. Hort.

  • Coriandrum sativum 367.1. Hort.

  • Anethum graveolens 371.1. Hort.

  • Rhus obtusatum Mscr.

  • Turnera ulmifolia 387.1

  • Evolvulus nummularius 391.1

  • Pocockia lucida Mscr.

Hexandria

  • Bromelia Ananas 408.1

  • —– pseudo ananas Mscr. f.p.

  • —– Karratas 408.3. Mscr.

  • —– bracteata Mscr. fig. pict.

page 292
  • Tillandsia utriculata 409

  • —– stricta Mscr. fig. pict.

  • —– argentea Mscr. fig. pict.

  • —– usneoides 411.9

  • Amaryllis Reginae 421 . 5

  • Alstroemeria salsilla 462.3. Mscr. fig. pict.

  • —– pulchella Mscr. fig. pict.

  • Loranthus sessilis Mscr.

  • —– decussatus Mscr.

Octandria

  • Calyxis ternaria Mscr. fig. pict.

  • Dirca cymosa Mscr.

  • Polygonum barbatum

  • Paulinia pinnata 525.7

  • —– pilosa Mscr.

  • —– Endecaphylla Mscr.

  • —– mexicana 525.4. Mscr.

  • —– tenera Mscr.

  • Sapindus saponaria 526.1

  • Cardiospermum Halicacabum 525.1

  • —– latifolium Mscr. fig. pict.

Enneandria

  • Laurus Cinnamomum 528.1

Decandria

  • Sophora occidentalis 533.1

  • Cassia bifolia Mscr.

  • Poinciana pulcherrima 544.3

  • Guilandina Bonduccella 545.2

  • Anacardium occidentale 548.1

  • Melia sempervirens Mscr.

  • Trichilia glabrata Mscr.

  • —– Havannensis Jacq. Hist. 129.t.175.f.38

  • Melastoma hirta 559.5

  • —– viscida Mscr.

  • —– holosericea 559.6

  • —– quadrangularis Mscr. fig. pict.

  • —– laevigata 559.8

  • Malpighia nitida 609.3. fig. pict.

  • —– sericea Mscr.

  • —– crysophyllum Mscr.

  • Banisteria ciliata Mscr. fig. pict.

  • —– atriplicifolia Mscr. fig. pict.

  • —– emarginata Mscr. f. p.

  • —– diffusa Mscr.

  • —– fulgens Mscr. fig. pict.

page 293
  • Cotyledon laciniata 615.7

  • Oxalis macrophylla Mscr.

Dodecandria

  • Triumfetta rhombea Mscr.

  • —– semitriloba L. Mant. 73?

  • Portulacca oleracea 638.1

  • —– pilosa 639.1

  • Lythrum Melanium 641.7

Icosandria

  • Cactus triqueter Mscr.

  • —– quadrangularis 667.4

  • —– triangularis 669.14

  • —– polygonus Mscr.

  • —– Tuna 669.18

  • —– Phyllanthus 670. 21

  • Psidium pyriferum 672.1

  • Eugenia Jambos 672.2. Variet.

  • —– coronata Mscr.

  • —– latifolia Mscr.

  • —– pulposa Mscr.

  • Myrtus attenuata Mscr.

  • Punica granatum 676.1

  • Chrysobalanus oppositifolius Mscr. f.p.

  • Sesuvium portulacastrum 684.1. fig. pict.

  • Rosa centifolia 704.7. variet.

  • —– sempervirens 704.9. variet.

Polyandria

  • Capparis racemosa Mscr.

  • —– flexuosa 722.9

  • Annona myrtina Mscr.

Didynamia

  • Nepeta pectinata 799.14

  • Ocymum Basilicum 833.3

  • —– minimum 833.4

  • Doodia campestris Mscr.

  • Bignonia aequinoctialis 869.4 ? Mscr.

  • —– panniculata 869.5. Mscr.

  • —– Capreolata 870.7. Mscr.

  • —– pubescens 870.8. Mscr.

  • —– ornata Mscr.

  • —– extensa Mscr.

  • —– venusta Mscr.

  • —– Caerulea 872.17. Mscr.

  • Lantana mista Mscr. fig. pict.

page 294
  • Lantana alba Mscr.

  • —– stricta Mscr.

  • Bontia cuneata Mscr.

Tetradynamia

  • Brassica oleracea 932.5. Hort.

  • Raphanus sativus 935.1. Hort.

  • Cleome triphylla 938.4. Mscr.

  • —– spinosa 939.9. Mscr.

Monadelphia

  • Waltheria indica 941.2

  • ——- angustifolia 941.3

  • Sida spinosa 960.1

  • —– Juncea Mscr.

  • —– Rhombifolia 961.3

  • —– fruticosa Mscr.

  • —– panniculata 962.11. Mscr.

  • Malva spicata 967.1

  • —– pilosa Mscr.

  • Gossypium arboreum 975.3

  • Hibiscus tiliaceus 976.4. Mscr,

  • —– mutabilis 977.7. fl. pl. Hort.

  • —– sabdariffa 978.14

  • —– Abelmoschus 980.18

  • —– esculentus 980.19

Diadelphia

  • Cedera spicata Mscr.

  • Securidacca scandens 992.1. Mscr.

  • —– erecta 992.2

  • Abrus precatorius Syst. nat. 472. 1025

  • Erythrina Corallodendron occ. 992.2

  • Clitoria brasiliana 1026.2

  • Cytissus Cajan 1041.4

  • Hedysarum canescens 1054.21

  • —– hamatum 1056.31.B

  • Indigofera tinctoria 1061.1

  • Trigonella minax Mscr.

Polyadelphia

  • Citrus medica 1100.1a

  • —– Limon 1100.B

  • —– aurantium 1100.2

Syngenesia

  • Sonchus oleraceus 1165.5

  • Serratula oppositifolia Mscr.

  • Bidens calyculata Mscr.

page 295
  • Eupatorium succulentum Mscr. fig. pict.

  • Ageratum Conyzoides 1175.1

  • Chrysocoma albiflora Mscr. fig. pict.

  • Caleaa trinervia Mscr.

  • Gnaphalium arenarium 1195.18

  • —– decurrens Mscr.

  • Baccharis Ivaefolia 1204.1

  • Conyza sessiliflora Mscr

  • —– scabra Mscr.

  • —– aromatica Mscr.

  • Erigeron canadense 1210.5

  • —– brasiliense Mscr.

  • Tussilago albida Mscr.

  • Senecio tinctus Mscr.

  • —– viscosus?

  • Tagetes patula 1249.1. Hort.

  • Matricaria Parthenium 1255.1

  • Zinnia multiflora 1269.2

  • Buthalmum scabrosum Mscr

  • Verbesina Acmella 1271.5. Mscr.

  • Calendula officinalis 1304.3. Hort.

  • Elephatopus angustifolius Mscr.

  • Impatiens Balsamina 1328.3. Hort.

Gynandria

  • Epidendrum secundum 1349.7. fig. pict.

  • —– bifolium Mscr. fig. pict.

  • —– corniculatum Mscr. fig. pict.

  • Passiflora humifusa Mscr.

  • —– setacea Mscr.

  • Pothos lanceolata 1373.1. Mscr.

Monoecia

  • Olyra latifolia 1379.1. Mscr.

  • Phyllanthus Niruri 1393.3

  • Ambrosia elatior 1403.1

  • —– frutescens Mscr.

  • Amaranthus viridis 1405.12

  • —– caudatus 1406.14

  • Plukenetia tricocca Mscr.

  • Dalechampia scandens 1423.1.Mscr.

  • Acalypha virginica 1423.1.Mscr.

  • Croton glandulosum 1425.7

  • —– balsamiferum L.Mant. 125. Mscr.

  • —– reticulatum Mscr. fig. pict.

  • —– virgatum Mscr.

  • Jatropha Manihot 1429.5

page 296
  • Jatropha Janipha L.Mant.125. Mscr. f.p. fruct.

  • —– urens 1429.6

  • Ricinus communis 1430.1

  • Momordica Balsamina 1433.1

  • Cucumis Anguria 1436.3

  • —– sativus

  • Cucurbita Pepo 1435.2

  • —– Citrullus 1435.5

Dioecia

  • Cecropia peltata 1449.1

  • Smilax macrophylla Mscr.

  • —– oblongata Mscr.

  • Dioscoraea subenervia Mscr.

  • Alchornea rigida Mscr. fig. pict

Polygamia

  • Andropogon lanatum Mscr.

  • —– bicorne 1482.12. Mscr.

  • —– polydactylon 1483.18. Mscr.

  • —– virgatum Mscr.

  • Cenchrus setosus Mscr.

  • —– tribuloides 1489.5

  • Celtis asperrima Mscr. f. p.

  • Clusia dodecapetala Mscr.fig. pict.

  • Begonia obliqua 1487.1

  • Mimosa tortuosa 1505.13

  • —– pavonina Mscr.

  • —– polyphylla Mscr.

  • —– pigra 1507.37. Mscr.

Cryptogamia

  • Ophioglossum scandens 1518.6. f.p.

  • Osmunda adiantifolia 1520.7

  • Acrostichum aureum 1525.12

  • Pteris dichotoma Mscr. f.p.

  • —– ciliata Mscr. f.p.

  • Asplenium glabratum Mscr. f.p.

  • Polypodium reptans Mscr.

  • —– plumosum Mscr.

  • —– reticulatum 1549.34. f.p.

  • Adiantum radiatum 1556.8

  • Lichen prunastri 1614.39

  • —– compressus Mscr.

Palmae

  • Cocos nucifera

  • Bactris minor L. Mant. 137. Mscr.

1 Though botanical notes on Brazil begin with Lery (1578) and continue with Piso (1648), mentioned by Banks, Dampier (1717), and Gomes (1803), the first published enumeration, in the sense of a flora, was that of Vellosa, 1827—though he had carried out his work three decades earlier. Banks's list, arranged on the Linnaean system, is therefore an important account. His Ms names, attached to the specimens in the Pocket Book, were taken up by Aiton and others. The majority of the numbers given in the list are references to Linnaeus, mainly to the second edition of the Species Plantarum; e.g. the first entry signifies Sp[ecies] pl[antarum], [p.] 1, [no.] 1. Similarly Syst[ema] nat[urae]; Mant[issa plantarum]. Jacq. Hist. is a reference to Nicolas Joseph Jacquin, Selectarum Stirpium Americanorum Historia (1763). Hort. denotes a garden-grown plant. The list is here printed from the Ms verbatim et literatim.

page 297

5. Plants Of Terra Del Fuego1

Diandria

A.

Lasiocarpus humilis Mscr. fig. pict.

A.

Pinguicula alpina Linn. fig. pict.

Triandria

A.

Carpha schoenoides Mscr. fig. pict.

Scirpus setaceus Linn.

A.

Phleum alpinum Linn.

Alopecurus pratensis Linn.

A.

Agrostis densa Mscr.

—– canina Linn.

A.

Aira spicata Linn.

—– caespitosa Linn.

A.—–montana Linn.

A.

Poa alpina vivipara Linn.

— pratensis Linn.

A.

Festuca pusilla Mscr.

—– rubra Linn.

—– spadicea Mscr.

—– purpurascens Mscr.

—– phalaroides Mscr.

Bromus australis Mscr.

Arundo aristata Mscr.

Triticum repens Linn.

A.

Orites depressa Mscr. fig. pict.

Tetrandria

A.

Drapetes muscosus Mscr. fig. pict.

A.

Nertera depressa Mscr. fig. pict.

Galium debile Mscr.

—– australe Mscr. fig. pict.

A.

Plantago polymorpha Mscr. fig. pict.

A.

Ancistrum decumbens Mscr. fig. pict.

A.

Sagina muscosa Mscr. fig. pict.

Tillæa pulchella Mscr. fig. pict.

page 298

Pentandria

Myosotis albiflora Mscr. fig. pict.

A.

Primula antarctica Mscr.

A.

Azalea bullata Mscr. fig. pict.

Celastrus venustus Mscr. fig. pict.

Ribes antarcticum Mscr. fig. pict.

A.

Euparæ amoena Mscr. fig. pict.

A.

Chamitis integrefolia Mscr. fig. pict.

A.—– tricuspidata Mscr. fig. pict.

A.—– trifurcata Mscr. fig. pict.

A.—– complicata Mscr. fig. pict.

A.—– explanata Mscr. fig. pict.

Scandix clavata Mscr. fig. pict.

Apium antarcticum Mscr. fig. pict.

Statice armeria Linn. fig. pict.

A.

Drosera uniflora Mscr. fig. pict.

Hexandria

A.

Anthericum trifarium Mscr. fig. pict.

Enargea marginata Mscr. fig. pict.

A.

Juncus uniflorus Mscr. fig. pict.

A.—– luridus Mscr. fig. pict.

A.—– ? Uniglumis Mscr. fig. pict.

A.—– laniger Mscr.

Berberis sempervirens Mscr. fig. pict.

—– parviflora Mscr. fig. pict.

Euthalis lucida Mscr. fig. pict.

Octandria

Epilobium littorale Mscr.

A.

Nanodea muscosa Mscr. fig. pict.

Decandria

A.

Andromeda humilis Mscr. fig. pict.

Arbutus rigida Mscr. fig. pict.

—– —– angustifolia Mscr. fig. pict.

A.

Arbutus parvifolia Mscr.

A.—– pumila Mscr. fig. pict.

Chrysosplenium elevatum Mscr. fig. pict.

Stellaria flaccida Mscr. fig. pict.

Cerastium flaccidum Mscr. fig. pict.

Dodecandria

A.

Leantria nitida Mscr. fig. pict.

Winterana aromatica Mscr. fig. pict.

Icosandria

A.

Rubus antarcticus Mscr. fig. pict.

Geum littorale Mscr.

page 299

Polyandria

  • Ranunculus flaccidus Mscr. fig. pict.

  • Caltha multicapsularis Mscr. fig. pict.

  • A.—– paradoxa Mscr. fig. pict.

Tetradynamia

  • Dentaria polyphylla Mscr. fig. pict.

  • Cardamine antescorbutica Mscr. fig. pict.

Syngenesia

A.

Perdicium sinuatum Mscr. fig. pict.

A.—– lævigatum Mscr. fig. pict.

Leontodon lycodon Mscr. fig. pict.

—– pubescens Mscr. fig. pict.

A.

Crymalæa rigida Mscr. fig. pict.

Cacalia lanuginosa Mscr. fig. pict.

Gnaphalium littorale Mscr. fig. pict.

A.

Baccharis humifusa Mscr. fig. pict.

Erigeron pauciflorum Mscr. fig. pict.

Senecio tricuspidatus Mscr. fig. pict.

A.

Aster glabratus Mscr. fig. pict.

A.—– trifurcatus Mscr. fig. pict.

Cineraria purpurascens Mscr. fig. pict.

—– leucanthema Mscr. fig. pict.

Bellis revoluta Mscr. fig. pict.

A.

Cotula reptans Mscr. fig. pict.

Amellus candidus Mscr. fig. pict.

A.

Lobelia reptans Mscr. fig. pict.

Viola palustris Linn.

Gynandria

  • Arethusa trifolia Mscr. fig. pict.

Monoecia

Carex spicata Mscr.

—– atrata Linn.

—– cæspitosa Linn.

A.

Betula antarctica Mscr. fig. pict.

A.

Fagus antarctica Mscr. fig. pict.

Dioecia

A.

Dysemone integrifolia Mscr. fig. pict.

A.—– lobata Mscr. fig. pict.

A.

Empetrum rubrum Mscr. fig. pict.

Myzodendrum planifolium Mscr. fig. pict.

—– punctulatum Mscr. fig. pict.

A.

Chortodæa ensata Mscr. fig. pict.

page 300

Polygamia

  • Holcus redolens Mscr.

Cryptogamia

Osmunda lunaria Linn.

—– spicant Linn.

Asplenium ruta-muraria Linn.

Polypodium paleaceum Mscr. fig. pict.

—– fragile Linn.

Trichomanes pyxidiferum Linn.

A.

Lycopodium glabellum Mscr. fig. pict.

A.

Sphagnum palustre Linn.

Polytrichum commune Linn.

—– urnigerum Linn.

Mnium hygrometricum Linn.

Bryum striaturn Linn.

—– pomiforme Linn.

—– subulatum Linn.

—– mucronatum Mscr.

—– scoparium Linn.

—– viridulum Linn.

—– urceolatum Mscr.

—– angulatum Mscr.

—– pulvinatum Linn.

Hypnum rutabulum Linn.

—– squarrosum Linn.

—– fruticulosum Mscr.

Jungermannia pilosa Mscr.

Marchantia polymorpha Linn.

Lichen littoreus Mscr.

—– tenax Mscr.

—– aridus Mscr.

—– parietinus Linn.

—– physodes Linn.

—– fraxineus Linn.

—– pannosus Mscr.

—– antarcticus Mscr.

—– rangiferinus Linn.

—– uncialis Linn.

—– corniculatus Mscr.

—– pascalis Linn.

—– barbatus Linn.

—– pubescens Linn.

—– annulatus Mscr.

Fucus giganteus Mscr.

Ulva intestinalis Linn.

page 301

1 Only Bougainville preceded Cook in a scientific exploration of Tierra del Fuego (1763). Bougainville's chaplain Pernety left many natural history notes (Histoire d'un Voyage aux isles Maluines fait en 1763 & amp; 1764, Paris 1770) but no enumeration of plants. Bougainville was again in the Strait in 1767, this time with Commerson, who collected many plants preserved today at Paris in the Natural History Museum, but wrote no account of his collections. Bougainville himself generalized on the likeness of the Magellan flora to that of the Patagonian coast and the Falklands (Voyage, p. 150) but left no list. This list of Banks therefore has considerable importance. What Banks intended by the ‘A’ prefixed to so many of the names is uncertain. Possibly it refers to William Anderson, surgeon's mate in the Resolution on Cook's second voyage, and an ardent natural historian. Banks certainly reworked his list at a later date; the device may denote species also collected by Anderson. But this is a guess only, put forward with hesitation. This list also is printed from the Ms verbatim et literatim.

6. Hulme's Letter to Banks on Treatment for Scurvy

Sir,

The vessels containing the orange and lemon juice which were sent you by order of Dr. Fothergill were to be marked, that you might know their contents. But least, in the hurry of sending them, that circumstance should have been neglected, I will take the liberty to explain them. No 1. The Case contains six gallons of Lemon-juice evaporated down to less than two gallons. No 2 The large Cask contains seven gallons of Orange-juice and one gallon of Brandy. No 3 The small Cask contains five Quarts of Lemon-juice and one of Brandy. — When you come to make use of the juice which is in the Casks, do not open the bunghole but draw it off at the end of the Cask, by means of a wooden-cock, and make a vent-hole at the top of the Cask, with a peg in it, and always observe this method when you draw off your Juice which you keep in Casks. You may find the proper directions for the preservation of the juice in Casks, in the Proposal for preventing the Scurvy, p. 67, 82, 83. It would not be amiss, then, if you were to take out with you several wooden Cocks, least any should be lost or broken: and perhaps 2 or 3 strong iron-bound Casks, holding ten Gallons a piece might be very useful for taking-in a quantity of orange, lemon or lime Juices, when you touch at any place abroad where those Fruits grow; for the directions on this head see the Proposal p. 82. — Besides the Juices, I would recommend to you to carry out a quantity of Molosses, and two or three pounds of the best Chio and Strasburgh Turpentine, in order to brew Beer with, for your daily drink, when your Water becomes bad. The rules for brewing this kind of Beer you will find in the Appendix to the Proposal. In this case you will want Yeast, and the manner of preserving this at sea you may also meet with in the Appendix p. 103. So small a quantity of Molosses as two Gallons, or two Gallons and an half are said to be sufficient for making an hogshead of tolerably good Beer. And this method of brewing Beer at sea, will be peculiarly useful in case you should have stinking water on board; for I find by Experience that the smell of stinking water will be entirely destroyed by the process of fermentation. I sincerely wish you and your companions a most prosperous Voyage, and a safe return to old England, loaded with all the honours you so justly deserve; and am,

Sir,

Your most humble servant,
N. Hulme
Hatton-Garden,
Augt 1t 1768.
To James [sic] Banks Esq Burlington Street.

a In this list, and the lists of plants that follow, Banks's abbreviations ‘Mss’ and ‘Mscr’ (I have standardized the capital M) both signify ‘Manuscript’—i.e. new discoveries described in Solander's Mss. The abbreviation ‘Lus’ seems to stand for ‘Lusitanian’, or whatever Latin form Banks used for that—i.e. he was giving the Portuguese vernacular name. The equivalent of Banks's underlinings has been attempted by italicizing the names of his authorities rather than his binomials; but his practice, and his punctuation, have been regularized.