1 Ruth Allan, Nelson: A History of Early Settlement, Wellington, 1965, p.115; Michael Turnbull, ‘The Colonisation of New Zealand by the New Zealand Company (1839 to 1843)’, (unpublished thesis, Oriel College, Oxford, 1950), p.374

2 Silcock, ‘Immigration into Canterbury’, p.39

3 PDNZ 8 (1870), p.393

4 AJHR 1874, D-1, p.6

5 This account of Joseph Arch is largely based on: Joseph Arch, Joseph Arch: The Story of His Life told by Himself, London, 1898; Pamela Horn, Joseph Arch, Kineton, 1971

6 Arch, Life, p.7

7 Ibid., p. 10

8 E. J. Hobsbawm & George Rudé, Captain Swing, London, 1969, p.52

9 J. A. Yelling, Common Field and Enclosure in England 1450–1850, London, 1977, esp. pp.99–109, 222–232; W. E. Tate, The English Village Community and the Enclosure Movements, London, 1967, pp.172–73

10 The story of the riots is given in chapters 10 & 11 of J. L. & Barbara Hammond, The Village Labourer, 2 vols, Guild Books, London, 1948, and is re-examined at greater length in Hobsbawm & Rudé, Captain Swing.

11 E. Gibbon Wakefield, Swing Unmasked, London (1831), p.9

12 John Hurt, Education in Evolution, Paladin ed., London, 1972, pp.21–22

13 Arch, Life, p.26

14 Ibid., p.27

15 Ibid., p.176

16 Horn, Arch, pp.12–14

17 Arch, Life, pp.39–40

18 J. D. Chambers & G. D. Mingay, The Agricultural Revolution 1750–1880, London, 1966. p.208

19 Arch, Life, p.35

20 E. W. Martin, The Shearers and the Shorn, London, 1965, pp.18–19

21 Hobsbawm & Rudé, Captain Swing, p.33

22 Labourers' Herald (Maidstone), 1 January 1875, p.7

23 Kent & Sussex Times, 21 December 1878, p.7

24 Labour League Examiner (Boston), 20 June 1874, p.1

25 Wakefield, Swing Unmasked, pp.20–24, 28–31

26 Hobsbawm & Rudé, Captain Swing, p.236

27 Arch, Life, p.30

28 J. P. D. Dunbabin, ‘The “Revolt of the Field”: The Agricultural Labourers’ Movement in the 1870s' Past and Present, 26 (1963), p.74

29 Ibid

30 Lord Ernle, The Land and its People; Chapters in Rural Life and History, London, [1925], p.95

31 Arch, Life, pp.29–30

32 Kent Messenger (Maidstone), 27 April 1872, p.5

33 Ibid., 4 May 1872, p.5

34 Richard Grant White, England, Without and Within, London, 1881, p.1

35 Ibid., p.178

36 Ibid., p.179

37 Ibid., pp.174–75

38 Ibid., pp.175–76, 322–23

39 Richard Jefferies, ‘Mademoiselle, the Governess.’ Hodge and His Masters, Fitzroy ed., 2 vols., 1966, I, pp.109–18

40 Jefferies, Hodge and His Masters, I, p.119

41 PPGB 1882, 14, p.38

42 Hammonds, Village Labourer, II, p.11

43 Cited in Rex C. Russell, The ‘Revolt of the Field’ in Lincolnshire, (Louth, 1956), p.16

44 Arch, Life, pp.148–50

45 Cited F. E. Green, A History of the English Agricultural Labourer 1870–1920, London, 1920, p.33

46 Arthur Clayden, The England of the Pacific, or New Zealand as an English Middle-Class Emigration Field, London, 1879, p.8

47 LUC, 30 January 1875, p.2

48 T. W. Fletcher, ‘The Great Depression of English Agriculture, 1873–96’, Economic History Review, 2nd series, 13 (1961), p.418. See also E. L. Jones, ‘The Agricultural Labour Market in England, 1793–1872’, Economic History Review, 2nd series, 17 (1964), pp.322–338; J. P. D. Dunbabin, Rural Discontent in Nineteenth Century Britain, London, 1974, pp.66–9

49 Alf Peacock, The Revolt of the Fields in East Anglia, n.p., 1968, p.1. Pamela Horn, ‘The Agricultural Children Act of 1873’, History of Education, III, 2 (1974), pp.27–36

50 Arch, Life, p.73

51 Ibid., p.78

52 Ibid., p.97

53 C. R. Carter, Life and Recollections of a New Zealand Colonist, 3 vols., London 1866, III, p.228