Figure 315.—Unilateral toothed and hook club (nifo'oti) with probable precursors:

a, Hybrid club in Bishop Museum; the left side is of the typical coconut stalk pattern with a wide distal end (1); the right side is also of the coconut stalk pattern but has a distal end (2) showing affinity with the ear-shaped clubs but the angle (3) is not so marked; no shoulder; the proximal end is flared and has a suspensory lug; length, 24.25 inches. b, Hybrid club figured by Edge-Partington; the blade has the coconut stalk pattern with the typical distal end (1) on the left and the ear-shaped form (2) on the right with the angle (3) more hook like than a; no shoulder; lower end flared; blade carved; length, 24.5 inches. c, A nifo'oti club, with left side cut into bevelled teeth and distal end (1) cut square; the right side is without teeth and the distal end (2) is typically ear-shaped with the angle (3) more concave on the inner side to form a hook; the wide blade results in shoulders (4) being formed at the shaft junctions; thick clumsy weapon, slight flaring, no suspensory lug; length, 40 inches. d, Modern steel nifo'oti, with cutting edge (1) and distal hook (2) on the right.