Figure 66. Double canoe, cross brace (manu) and lashings: a, brace; b-c, lashings. a, brace, fore or aft view: 1, vertical brace limbs, rectangular in cross-section, feet slightly thicker than heels but width equal throughout (see b); 2, arch, four edges may be slightly rounded and upper surfaces may meet in mesial transverse edge above; 3, limb feet, same thickness as gunwales on which they rest; 4, upper projecting heels; 5, acute heel angle; 6, gunwales; 7, holes bored through gunwales below middle of limb feet. b, lashing, outer side: foot of brace rests on gunwale with hole below middle of foot; brace lashed to gunwale on either side by turns passing through gunwale hole and around heel angle; end of braid passed through hole (7), slip knot made around standing part, and loop (1′) drawn taut on left with knot to inner side at back of foot; loop (c, 2′) made on inside over heel angle, braid brought down and pushed through hole from inside; from outside, loop (3′) made over heel angle at back and braid brought down and pushed through hole from outside; second loop (c, 4′) made over heel angle from inside and braid pushed out through hole; from outside, second loop (5′) made over heel angle and braid pushed through hole from outside; transverse turn (6′) made around lashings at base of foot and end tied with overhand knot to one limb of loop on back. c, view from behind: inside loops (2′, 4′) and outside loops (3′, 5′) pass over heel angle (5′) above and through gunwale hole (7) below; circumferential transverse loop (6′) passes around base of foot (3); lashing secures brace to gunwale. d, outside view with bulwark in position, braces likely lashed to gunwales before bulwark (8) added; upper spar (9) of bulwark lashed to heel (4) of brace by diagonal turns (7′) which cross on outside and are pushed through lauhala below spar; lower batten (10) belongs to technique of fixing lower ends of bulwark; turns (11) belong to technique of bulwark. e, view from behind with section through bulwark (8), upper spar (9), lower bulwark batten (10), and gunwale (6): lashing turns from front (7′) pass behind heel (4) where they form loops (8′), each succeeding loop from above or below spar (9) crossing arch of preceding one to prevent their slipping up on back of heel.