Publicly accessible
URL: http://nzetc.victoria.ac.nz/collections.html
copyright 2005, by Victoria University of Wellington
“I feel honoured by being allowed to introduce to the notice of my fellow Colonists this most interesting book of Mr. Ward's.”
“It contains a mass of information regarding the founding of the City of Wellington and its Pioneers. It was at Wellington that the first settlers brought to New Zealand, by the New Zealand Company, landed, and immigration to our Dominion was inaugurated.”
“The book gives information that, if it can be obtained elsewhere, which is in some cases doubtful, would necessitate great research.”
“It is fortunate for our history that such a book has been published, and to it those anxious to know of the beginnings of our Colonial life must appeal.”
“It is a book that we can pass on to our descendants; they will, on perusing it, appreciate it and feel proud of their descent, and it will inspire them to live for their Country.”
“May we not use the words of an American poet and say:—”
This work is an endeavour on my part to compress into one volume, events that occurred in the New Zealand Company's first settlement in New Zealand between the years of 1839 to 1850, with additional chapters containing a few incidents occurring up to the year 1870.
Part II. comprises the origin of place and street names.
The other portions of the book contain a few biographical sketches and general information.
While collecting data and illustrations, and during the progress of the compilation, I have received much assistance from many persons, and thus have formed unexpected friendships, enabling me to accomplish what has been an arduous, but enlightening and fascinating task.
To all these helpers, I tender my heartfelt thanks, especially to The writer is grieved to state that
I am also indebted to the following for information and photographs:— The Evening Post and Dominion (Wellington), Auckland Weekly (Auckland), Free Lance (Wellington), Canterbury Times and Weekly Press (Christchurch), Messrs. Marlborough Express),
I have relied principally on the veracity of published records, and made copious extracts from books and letters written in the 'forties, in an attempt to portray the conditions of life of that period.
—Byron.
In the ship “Birman,” leaving Gravesend about a year after the despatch of the New Zealand Company's first chartered expeditionary ship “Tory” (which is dealt with later in this book) we find a typical example of an emigrant ship, and of the conditions under which intending settlers lived during their lengthy journey to a strange country.
From a letter published in 1848 (No. 257, Vol. 9 of Chamber's Journal) and kindly loaned to the writer by Mr. M. Murton, of Napier, is taken the following arresting sketch of the sailing of the “Birman.”
“The black and lofty hulk of a three-master ship of 800 tons register was lying in the river off Gravesend, waiting for the captain. Its destination was New Zealand, with a small stock of merchandise and 200 emigrants on board.
The scene on deck, to inexperienced landsmen's eyes, was one of inextricable confusion. A heavy shower had fallen about half an hour before; the decks, filthy with mud and mire, brought on board by visitors and lagging emigrants, were crowded and blocked up in all directions with stores of every description, mingled in indescribable disorder, amidst coils of rope and cable links, chairs, spare poles and timber, casks, boxes, bales and packages soddened with rain. Invisible, but imprisoned pigs were mingling their squeals and grunts in testimony of their disapproval, while a few others, either not yet housed, or broken loose, took their chances with the human population, and grunted amongst the cordage for the few vegetables scattered about. Near the entry to the first cabin stood a couple of immense hencoops, cruelly crammed with live occupants, whose ragged and ruffled heads, projecting through the rails, gave token of unusual contact with rough weather and rougher usage.
Aloft in the rigging hung whole quarters of oxen newly slain, and the occasional bleating of sheep, stowed away in some undiscoverable recess, gave proof of the praiseworthy determination to stick to fresh provisions as long as it was possible to do so. Though a sparkling rain was still falling, the deck was populated with emigrants and parties of friends about to be sundered in a few brief moments, many of them probably for ever.
Some were buoyant with hope, and enjoyed the anticipation of employment, and plenty, to which it was too evident they were strangers. Others were downcast and cut a sorry figure to appear courageous; some were weeping bitterly; some were joking with uproarious but forced merriment; some made their way, as well as they could, towards the open hatchway, over piles of packages and through parties of miserable leave-takers, and got down the ladder into the huge belly of the ship.
A few candles glimmered here and there through its enormous length; but the darkness was too great to distinguish anything in the immediate vicinity of the hatchway.
As vision grew accustomed to gloom, we saw scenes of disorder greater than on deck above.
Every kind of receptacle, box, basket, bundle and cask of all shapes and sizes, were scattered on the floor, and amongst them lounged or squatted, as best they could, more than a hundred people of various callings, ages, and of both sexes.
Some had tramped it for miles and were resting in the oblivion of sleep, in spite of the din of voices and the lumbering of heavy articles about and around them.
Others had just arrived, and were busily engaged in the vain attempt to find vacant spaces whereon to settle themselves and their provisions and goods.
Some clamouring to be shown their berths, while others complained of the locality allotted them, far from the hatchway, and in almost total darkness. Crowds of little children who could scarcely walk, tottered about amongst the lumber, prattling and pleased with the novelty; aged men and women sat calm and still amidst the hubbub, waiting for their turn to be disposed of. A grandmother of a large party of self-exiles bound to the Antipodes, sat on a small bundle sucking the end of an empty dudeen; close by sat a pretty and interesting young girl upon a blue, spotless trunk, writing a letter, an upturned cask her table, her inkstand a tea-cup.
Her tears fell faster upon the paper than the words from her pen; which at intervals she laid down to wring her hands and hide her anguished head in her handkerchief.
“Come, old girl,” said a bystander at length, “let me finish it for you; I'll tell our friends how merry we all are”—and he took the pen from her hand and assisted her tenderly up the ladder for a mouthful of fresh air. He then sat down and completed the epistle.
A small recess, about six and a half feet in width and height, formed the whole accommodation for each family for the next four or five months, clean and comfortable as expectations warranted.
Circumstances prevented better accommodation. Having inspected domestic arrangements and deposited their contributions to the marine larder, some pushed aside the curtains that enclosed their compartment, and went for a tour of inspection.
The sun was now shining brightly down the hatchway; some of the lumber was now stored away; many were on deck, but the place was still crowded, and it was a job to make way through groups busy in packing and arranging.
Some of the berths situated far away from the light of day, and visible only by the gleam of a dull candle suspended in a horn lantern, seemed too awfully dismal.
Between the berths, on each side of the vessel, piles of merchandise and ballast,
Around the light of a single lantern suspended from a crossbeam, were congregated about a dozen middle-aged men of the class of small tradesmen, singing—“When passing through the waters deep, I ask in faith His promised aid.”
The confused and incessant noises were above and around them as the oldest of the band raised his hand and solemnly said, “Let us pray.”
As his peroration progressed, the perspiration streamed down his channelled features and literally dropped upon his clothes.
It was a scene such as a Rembrandt might have embodied in a glorious picture.
The gleaming light on the face of the suppliant, partially obscured by the shadow of his raised hand, the deep dense darkness of the background, the dim discovered forms of the distant figures of the group; the statue-like motionless physiognomy of the nearer distances contrasted with the supplicating earnestness of the speaker; all together supplied the materials for a composition such as that monarch of the dark masters delighted to portray.
The morning sun was shining on the hills above Gravesend when the black looking hulk, for so many days an object of curiosity and interest, had disappeared from the river.
Anticipations for a fair wind were not realised; seasickness was prevalent as rough weather was encountered. The nights were most miserable and discouraging, and the majority of the passengers were longing to set foot ashore, and regretting having committed themselves to the hateful sea.
The ship had been driven back twice in attempting to start from the Downs, and the passengers were looking forward with horror to a third attempt which was to be made that night. Their apprehensions were groundless, for after a successful attempt they cleared the Downs next day and proceeded onward on a speedy and a prosperous voyage. The ship arrived at the Cape of Good Hope on the last day of the year, and the passengers who had been tossing for weeks on the billows, were delighted with the place. Soft bread and fresh meat, a luxury, were now to be had, and some were fortunate enough to obtain wine at fourpence and sixpence a bottle, and fine mutton and beef at three-halfpence a pound.
Some desired to finish their journey and stay there, as employment was plentiful, provisions were cheap, but rents were high and the weather was as warm there in December as the English summer.
The passengers had parted with seasickness, and now had voracious appetites. Grog was served up on Christmas Day, and they pleasurably anticipated a print of wine on New Year's Day.
Services were conducted on board by the doctor, who officiated as chaplain. Games were initiated by some of the energetic ones, resulting, in most cases, in the formation of friendships that in after life withstood the trials and vicissitudes of an early colonist's life.”
It is necessary at this stage to refer to the state of the country, which the emigrants were approaching with such conflicting emotions; also to the pioneer ship “Tory” already sent to prepare the way for the proposed Colony.
“For a period of more than fifty years after its discovery by Captain Cook, New Zealand continued to be the scene of unceasing savage warfare, and it was left
The first to land in the country was the Christian missionary; by degrees the South Sea whalers gained confidence to frequent its harbours from time to time, and an escaped convict from New South Wales, or a runaway seaman, took refuge on its shores; and for the protection of our countrymen, a ship of war occasionally made its appearance on the coast. But it was not until the great natural advantages of the country, and its political importance, were prominently brought before the public by the New Zealand Association, that the true value of the New Zealand Islands was fully understood.
A society, with Mr. John Ward as its secretary, was formed in connection with the New Zealand Land Company, consisting
exclusively of heads of families and others intending to settle permanently in New Zealand on lands purchased by the said Company. The society already numbered among its members a considerable body of gentlemen who were determined to emigrate with their families and property. The committee met daily at the offices of the New Zealand Company, No. 1 Adam Street, Adelphi, and received applications for a free passage to the first and principal settlement, from mechanics, gardeners and agricultural labourers, being married, and not exceeding thirty years of age. The first object of the Company was to induce the Government to erect the New Zealand Islands into a British Colony; but, disappointed in their endeavours, the members themselves fitted out and despatched to New Zealand a preliminary
Without waiting to hear what locality had been procured by their agent for the site of a settlement, or whether, indeed, he had succeeded in making the purchase of a single acre of land, it sent out several ships filled with emigrants to be located on that spot, wherever it might be, which on their arrival in the country, they might find to have been procured for that purpose.” Swainson's New Zealand, p. 74.
The “Tory” Arrival at Pito-one—The Purchase of Port Nicholson.
The selection of an exploring ship was made, and the pioneer ship “Tory,” a vessel of 400 tons, was bought and prepared for the voyage. She was armed with eight guns and smalls arms for all the ship's company; filled with the necessary stores and provision, and goods for barter with the New Zealanders, and manned with a strong and select crew. The ship was commanded by
In the steerage were
The high land of New Zealand was seen on the 16th August, 1839, about noon.
During the voyage a weekly manuscript newspaper and a debating society were established, and vocabularies of the Maori, or New Zealand, language were also constituted from Nayti's dictation, while lessons in English were given to him.
“On the 20th September, 1839, piloted by
“One of mature years,” writes Wakefield, “named
“The two chiefs passed the night on board.… “They acknowledged that they would be heartily glad to renounce war and cannibalism.” “In the morning of the 21st September, 1839, the two chiefs told Colonel Wakefield to go and look at the land and see how he liked it.”… “A chief named Amahau was appointed to take him up the river (Hutt), and they started, with Barrett and some natives, in a small canoe.
“Several of us landed at a large village opposite our anchorage and witnessed the ceremony of crying over
“The village lay, as its Maori name (Pito-one, or ‘End of the Sand’) implied, at the western end of the sandy beach, Locality of Te Puni Street, Pito-one.
“A merry brawling stream called the Korokoro or “throat” flows between the village and the Western hills. The valley seems to preserve an average width of two miles to a considerable distance, bounded on either side by wooded hills from 300 to 400 feet in height. It was covered with high forest to within a mile and a half of the beach, when swamps full of flax, and a belt of sand hummocks intervened.
“The tangi, or crying, continued for a long period. The resident natives raised the most discordant whining lamentations streaming at the eyes, nose and mouth, and lacerating every part of their bodies with sharp cockle shells until the blood flowed.
“The native visitors seemed anything but comfortable. They had forgotten the art of producing tears at will, and had a decided objection to spoiling their fine clothes, donned for the occasion, by any blood letting.”
“We found abundance of pigeons, and returned laden to the Pa.”… “We found also one solitary white man, named
“On Sunday, the 22nd (September, 1839), several canoes came off with natives to
“Wharepouri introduced the matter of the sale, which a chief named Puakawa (Pu-whakaawe) or “Bitter Milk Thistle” rose and opposed with great energy. He spoke for an hour. On the 24th, the discussion was renewed at Pito-one; many chiefs being present from other settlements. After the serious discussion had closed, some of the warlike chiefs amused us, and themselves, by sham fighting, and their exercise with the spear and tomahawk. One, named Kaihaia (Kaeaea), diverted us much by his active menacing gestures and hideous grimaces of defiance; leaping about like a monkey, and bringing a long pointed wooden spear within an inch of our bodies; then retreating with a roar of laughter every time he saw us shrink from the thrust. He was called Taringakuri or Dog's Ear, and professed great hatred for
“Wharepouri superintended it with much formality. A handsome young chief named
“The boats were then sent away with the goods for the settlements, the chief of each accompanying them and undertaking to distribute them at his own place.
“The first deed of purchase, dated 27th September, 1839, defines the boundary of the land purchased from the natives which included considerably more than Wellington City and suburban area.
“The consideration given was: 100 red blankets, 100 muskets. 2 tierces of tobacco, 48 iron pots, 2 cases of soap, 15 following pieces, 21 kegs of gunpowder, 1 cask of ball cartridges, 1 keg of lead slabs, 100 cartouche boxes, 100 tomahawks, 40 pipe tomahawks, 1 case of pipes, 2 dozen spades, 50 steel axes, 1,200 fish-hooks. 12 bullet moulds, 12 dozen shirts, 20 jackets, 20 pairs of trousers, 60 red nightcaps, 300 yards of cotton duck, 200 yards of calico, 100 yards of check, 2 dozen pocket handkerchiefs, 2 dozen slates and 200 pencils, 10 dozen looking-glasses, 10 dozen pocket knives, 10 dozen pairs of scissors, 1 dozen pairs of shoes, 1 dozen umbrellas, 1 dozen hats, 2 pounds of beads, 100 yards of ribbon, 1 gross of jew's harps, 1 dozen razors, 10 dozen dressing combs, 6 dozen hoes, 2 suits of superfine clothes, 1 dozen shaving boxes and brushes, 2 dozen adzes and 1 dozen sticks of sealing wax.”
An article in the Journal of the Early Settlers Association, May, 1913 (Vol. 1, No. 2, p. 58), deals at length with the first purchase of the New Zealand Land Company (Whanga-nui-a-Tara>. The spelling of the names as corrected by Stowell are used. Vide Journal of Early Settlers, Vol. 1, p. 3.
“Next morning” (the 30th),
“As we landed,
“
“
“The war song warmed as it proceeded; though still in perfect unison, they yelled louder and louder, and leaped higher and higher, brandished their weapons more fiercely, and dropped with the smack on the thigh more heavily as they proceeded, till the final spring was accompanied by a concluding whoop which seemed to penetrate one's marrow. After this preparatory stimulant, the two parties ran down to the beach and took up positions facing each other at about two hundred yards distance. They then repeated the dance, and at its conclusion the two parties passed each other at full speed, firing their guns as they ran, and took up a fresh position nearer to each other.
“A small reinforcement was now brought up from Puakawa's village at the mouth of the river to one of the parties, and we were much surprised to see at the head of it
“A haka was now performed by about one hundred and fifty men and women. They seated themselves in ranks in one of the courtyards of the Pa, stripped to the waist. An old chieftainess, who moved along the ranks with regular steps brandishing an ornamental spear in time to her movements, now recited the first verse of a song in a monotonous dirge-like measure. This was joined in by the others, who also kept time by quivering their hands and arms, nodding their heads and bending their bodies in accordance with each emphasis and pause. These songs are often made impromptu on various subjects, but those selected for the present occasion were principally ancient legends. At the conclusion of the haka, we were served from the ‘umu’ or Maori oven, with the joints of a pig, which had been sacrificed for the occasion.”… “This disposition continued unabated during the three days more that we remained at this place.”
“Dr. Dieffenbach and Mr. Heaphy engaged some native guides one day to go and look for some birds called huia, which were said to abound in this part of the country.
“They crossed the mouth of the Heretaunga River and ascended a steep ridge of the eastern hills. Among the forests on the top they remained ensconced in the foliage while the natives attracted the birds by imitating the peculiar whistle from which it takes the name of huia. They shot only two or three, which had followed the decoy almost on to the barrels of their guns.”
The “Tory” left Port Nicholson for Port Underwood on the 4th November, 1839.
The “Success,” cutter, arrived from Sydney December 4th, 1839, with Messrs.
After calling at several places the “Tory” set sail for Kaipara on the 16th December, 1839, and anchored in ten fathoms outside the entrance of that harbour on the 18th. The following morning Dr. Dorset, who was left in charge of affairs during the Colonel's absence up north, announced that the ship was aground, so the usual methods to get her off were taken, but in vain. Captain Chaffers and his crew exerted themselves unceasingly; five guns, three or four anchors and cables, a deck load of spare spars and several other heavy articles were cast over; some heavy mill stones and paving flags were hoisted from the hold and rolled overboard. One of them was carelessly sent through the best whale-boat, which lay at the gangway.
She was hove down on a sandbank at the first spring tide, and the necessary repairs proceeded with. Colonel Wakefield then proceeded overland to the Bay of Islands in order to charter a small vessel to take him to Port Hardy, to meet the first fleets of Emigrant ships.
In the meantime the barque “Cuba,” 273 tons, arrived on January 3rd, 1840 (Captain Newcombe). The passengers were:—
Wakefield in his narrative writes:— “About the middle of January, 1840, the “Guide,” originally a Calcutta pilot brig, of about 150 tons burden, and swarming with cockroaches, arrived, bringing letters from Colonel Wakefield to Dr. Dorset.
Instructions were given to charter the “Guide,” proceed to Taranaki and bring Barrett and Dr. Dieffenbach to Port Nicholson, and if they reached the latter place before the Colonel, they were to get the natives to build plenty of temporary huts in readiness for the emigrants.
On the 20th, just as it fell dark, they rounded Cape Terawhiti with a freshening breeze from the north-west. A fine moon, peeping every now and then through the driving scud, lighted them on their way, and by daylight on the 21st they were beating up within Port Nicholson close to Somes Island.
Some large vessels were at anchor between the island and the main, and white tents and new reed houses along the line of the beach at the foot of the Hutt Valley could be seen as they anchored north of Somes Island, close to a newly arrived emigrant ship. Two others, apparently discharged, also lay in the anchorage. “Landing opposite Pitoone,” states
Arrival of the “Aurora”—“Oriental”—“Duke of Roxburgh”—‘Bengal Merchant’—Landing at Pito-one.
The first four ships, (the “Aurora,” “Oriental,” “Duke of Roxburgh” and “Bengal Merchant”), with their wearied, but expectant passengers, arrived at Pitoone shortly after one another (between 22nd January and 28th February, 1840). Quarters were assigned to them in hastily constructed huts, and the Company's Emigration Barracks; while some were domiciled with friends until their arrangements were completed. The population of Pito-one was now increased by about six hundred European inhabitants, including a number of women and children.
A brief description of the ships and passenger lists is recorded in the order of the ships' arrival.
The “Aurora,” a barque of 550 tons, commanded by
There were 25 married couples, 36 single persons and 40 children. Following is the passenger list:—
The names of the passengers who arrived in the Company's vessels were obtained from the N.Z., copies of the ship's registers, by courtesy of the Internal Affairs Department.
The equator was crossed on the 5th of November, when Neptune paid the vessel his customary visit. The voyage was uneventful. The South Island of New Zealand was sighted at 6 p.m. on the 16th of January, and on the following day the anchor was dropped in Port Hardy. There was great excitement among the passengers as they were doubtful what kind of reception they would meet with at the hands of the natives, and every preparation was made to guard against surprise. The Maoris came off in canoes to the vessel and delivered a letter from Colonel Wakefield addressed to the captain of the “Aurora.” Some alarm was felt among the immigrants in consequence of not meeting with the “Tory,” which vessel had arrived some time previously from London. The anchor was weighed, and the vessel, with a fine breeze, passed through Cook Straits, arriving off Port Nicholson Heads on the evening of the 21st. On the following day the vessel beat up the heads against a north-west wind, accompanied by a trading barque called the “Helena,” from Sydney, commanded by
During the next week, the work of disembarking was carried on. A small jetty had been run out by the surveyors, locations were allotted near the beach for the pitching of tents and temporary huts, in the erection of which the natives assisted, and some wooden houses in frame sent out by the Company for the reception of the labouring emigrants were also set up. The following Sunday (on the 26th) the Rev. J. Buller, a Wesleyan missionary, visited the place and performed divine service on board the “Aurora.”
Captain Heale gave a farewell dinner on board the “Aurora” to the principal settlers on the 26th February, 1840.
The barque “Oriental,” 506 tons, commanded by Captain Wm. Wilson, with Dr. J. Fitzgerald as surgeon superintendent, sailed from London on the 15th September, 1839, and arrived at Port Nicholson on the 31st January, 1840. There were on the Register (the New Zealand copy) 66 married couples, 29 single men, 3 single women, 17 children between nine and fourteen, and 9 between one and nine. There were 8 births and 2 deaths on the voyage. The names of the passengers were:—
Some of the above were especially recommended by
Some extracts from the log book, received by the owners (Messrs. Barry), and published in the “New Zealand Journal,” p. 176 (1840), are here given:—
“Thurs., Jan. 30. 1840. At 1 p.m.—light breeze—ship steering in towards an opening in the land that appeared to be Port Nicholson.
“Jan. 31st. Col. Wakefield visited the ship at 7th hour—Anchored in 7 fathoms water—From this time to 6 p.m., light variable winds—At 6h. 15m. anchored in 8 fathoms—The ‘Aurora’ and ‘Cuba’ saluted us with eleven guns each.
“Tues. 4th. Feb.—
John Horst , Peter Crow, Ed. Lawrence and Chas. Hammond deserted from the boat.“Wed. 5. Horst returned about 8 a.m.
Frid. 7th and Sat. Discharging the cargo and landing it at the settlement on the banks of the river distant from 4 to 5 miles from where the ship is anchored and set to work on the erection of tents and houses.
“Mon. Feb. 10th. Strong breeze from Southward—no cargo discharged—principal part of the emigrants are confined on board from same cause—issued a day's allowance of Pork.
“Sat. 15 Feb., 1840. Landing cargo and pasengers' luggage on the beach. The whole of the cabin passengers left the ship this morning.
“Sat. March 7th. The “Adelaide” and “Glenbervie” anchored during the night—Received Mr. Barry's letter per “Glenbervie,” dated London, 5/10/39.”
A testimony in favour of Captain Wilson dated 19th March was signed by the cabin passengers on board the “Oriental,” and presented to the captain.
The following is an extract from a letter written by
“Port Nicholson .“Some of the natives are very good looking, tall, strong looking fellows. They are most of them tattooed, but as they see the Pachias (Pakehas), as they call the whites, never adopt that practice, it is beginning to go out of fashion. I sent a maury (native), as they call themselves, out with my gun today to shoot pigeons, and gave him four charges of powder and shot. About three o'clock in the afternoon he returned with two pigeons and a large parrot, and one barrel charged.… .
“I call my tent ‘Oriental Tent’ because I made it myself in my cabin (ship ‘Oriental’), on my way out. The Council is called together today for the first time. We are to meet at 11 o'clock this morning, 2nd of March. It is now ten o'clock and I have to dress and walk about three miles.”—(“N.Z. Journal,” 12th September, 1840, p. 221.)
The barque, “Duke of Roxburgh,” 417 tons, commanded by
|
Name | Age | Wife's Age | No. of Children | |
| Baker, Henry 24 | 19 | — | |
| Bassett, William 28 | 26 | 1 | |
| Bell Early Settlers' Journal, Vol. 2, No. 1, p. 9.
— | — | — | |
| Bryant, James 27 | 24 | — | |
| Clark, Emma 23 | — | — | |
| Connor, Kitty 30 | — | — | |
| Cunday, Chas .23 | 23 | — | |
| Davis, —— — | — | — | |
| Farrar, —— — | — | — | |
| Fowler, John 30 | 29 | 1 | |
| Gilbert, Wm .35 | 26 | 2 | |
Gomm, and Lady | — | — | — | |
| Goswell, John 20 | — | — | |
Greenwood, J. | — | — | — | |
| Hartley, Stephen 47 | 45 | — | |
| Hartley, Jane , 16; Mary15 | — | — | |
| Hawke, William 32 | 36 | 2 | |
Healy, and Lady | — | — | 5 | |
| Hebden, M. Jane 20 | — | — | |
Hight, and Lady | — | — | — | |
| Hunter, George (6 daughters and 4 sons.) — | — | 10 | |
Hunter, Barbara | 42 | — | — | |
| Jackson, and Lady — | — | — | |
| Jeffery, Joseph 25 | 29 | 1 | |
Knight, Wm. | 33 | 32 | 5 | |
| Lloyd, Fred A. 19 | — | — | |
| Lyon, William — | — | — | |
May, James | 29 | 20 | — | |
| Monteith, A. — | — | — | |
| Parnell, and Lady — | — | — | |
| Pierce, and Lady — | — | — | |
Poad, Thos. | 28 | 29 | 2 | |
Prouse, R. | 42 | 44 | 3 | |
Prouse, May, 20; Sarah | 18 | — | — | |
| Prouse, William 15 | — | — | |
Reading, J. Brown | 26 | 27 | 2 | |
| Reynolds, Jane 22 | — | — | |
| Roberts, Phillip 36 | 34 | 3 | |
Rule, James | 27 | 22 | 1 | |
| Scott, and Lady — | — | — | |
Smith, Frdk. | 49 | 50 | 1 | |
| Smith, Dan Thos .25 | — | — | |
Smith, Thos, 19; Sam | 17 | — | — | |
| Smith, Mary 15 | — | — | |
| Stephen, Wm .50 | — | — | |
| Thomas, Wm .33 | 28 | 4 | |
Tucker, Josiah | 36 | 38 | 4 | |
| Turtley, Arthur 26 | 30 | 3 | |
Udy, Hart | 31 | 27 | 4 | |
| Uren, Thomas .— | — | — | |
| Williams, Jas .42 | 40 | 4 | |
| Williams, Isabella 22 | — | — | |
| Williams, Richard 20 | — | — | |
| Williams, Mary Ann 18 | — | — | |
| Williams, Elizabeth 15 | — | — | |
Woodward, S. (Junr.) | 27 | 17 | — | Some of the passengers were recommended by Sir Wm.
Molesworth, Jas . Furneaux, andJohn S. Savery .(Signed) , Surgeon, and Francis Healy , Commander. Robert St. John
On the 7th February, Colonel Wakefield went out to the heads in the “Cuba,” and brought in the “Duke of Roxburgh,” the third ship, whose captain had been lost overboard accidentally in a gale of wind off Stephen's Island.
The “Bengal Merchant” was chartered by the New Zealand Company, and left Glasgow on the 30th October, 1839, weighing anchor on the Clyde on the 31st under the auspices of the Company. The departure of this ship was viewed in Scotland as an historical occasion; shortly before she left, the Lord Provost of Glasgow, with a large party, went on board and addressed the passengers. The Rev. John Macfarlane, the minister to the colonists, began his duties on board, and every Sabbath Day the passengers and crew assembled for worship. After the first service, he distributed copies of a pastoral address.
In Mr. Marjoribank's “New Zealand” will be found one of the poems, written by him, “On board the Bengal Merchant, at ten o'clock at night, off D'Urville Island, Cook's Straits, N.Z., 11/2/1840;” it commences:
In another verse he refers to
There were 30 married couples, 23 single men, 6 single women, 16 children under nine, 4 between nine and fifteen, and 13 under one year. One birth and one death occurred on the voyage.
A certificate of correct list of all those on board, when off the Clock lighthouse, dated 31st October, 1839, at one o'clock was signed by Dr. F. Logan, surgeon superintendent, and T. Hemery, commander. Following are the names of the passengers who arrived at Port Nicholson on the 20th February, 1840:—
On the 10th March, 1840, in the midst of the bustle attendant on the disembarkation from these three vessels, some alarm was produced among the newcomers by the report of a native attack. A smart firing of muskets was heard in the evening on the ridge of hills east of the valley, near the native village at the mouth of the Hutt, occupied by Puakawa (Te Pu-wha-kaawe) and his people.
Colonel Wakefield started along the beach for the scene of action. Natives and white men came running to him, with arms in their hands, seeking guidance from him, and the women and children screamed in chorus. On arriving at Waiwhetu, or “Star-river,” as the village was called, after the stream which flows under the eastern hills, he heard that the firing proceeded from our own natives up among the hills in search of Puakawa, whose protracted absence at night had raised the fears of his sons, who, upon searching for him, had found only a pool of blood. They had returned for the other men of the Pa, and these, firing their muskets at random in their usual way when excited, as they went up the hill, caused the alarm.
Colonel Wakefield returned to the Pa at Pito-one, issued forty stands of arms to the men on the beach, and appointed a rendezvous in case of need. Late in the evening, armed boats landed from the ships, ready to assist, and anxious to hear the news. At daylight, Colonel Wakefield returned to Waiwhetu with
No sooner had the settlers disembarked than the want of authority for the preservation of order amongst them began to be felt. Ignorant of the difficulties of the enterprise in which they had hastily
A Committee was formed, comprising the following:—
This constitution was taken on board the fleet of emigrant ships, when preparing to sail from the Thames, by some of the Directors of the Company; and the adhesion of the whole Colony was obtained to its enforcement.
It was in accordance with this agreement that the first meeting of the Committee took place on the 2nd March, 1840, in a wooden frame house belonging to Captain Smith, which was then situated in the sand-hummocks about half a mile east of Pito-one. Nothing was done beyond preparatory measures for obtaining the sanction of the chiefs, many members of the Committee being yet absent.
On the 2nd of March, 1840, at dusk, a report was brought to Pito-one that the Hutt River was overflowing its banks in many places. An attempt to ascend the river, in order to give assistance, proved ineffectual, owing to the force of the current swollen by the rains.
Colonel Wakefield went up the valley next morning and found as much as eight inches of water in some of the houses on the river-bank.
That afternoon the “Cuba” arrived from Kawhia, and anchored in Lambton Harbour, conveying
On the 4th at noon the gale ceased, the weather cleared up, and the sun shone out bright and warm. The people at the Hutt joked about the fright which the flood had caused them and appeared to treat it as a picnic casualty, and no colds were complained of.
About thirty or forty people, chiefly followers of Mr. Molesworth from Cornwall, erected a long row of reed and flax cottages on an elevated shingly ridge to seaward of the small creek at the south end of the bivouac, and christened it Cornish Row.
On the 5th the boiler of a steam engine was towed up the river, the different vents having been first plugged so as to make it float. On the beach a speculator from Sydney attempted to sell some goods by auction in the open air, and collected a goodly throng of gaping emigrants; but he wanted an advance of 50 per cent, on Sydney prices for bad things and could find no buyers.
Colonel Wakefield's room in the storehouse built by
The only window to the room was a piece of canvas, and the door a rickety and badly fitted one from a ship-cabin. A large dresser along one side of this room, which was about eight feet broad and twenty long, served for table and writing desk. At the end furthest from the door, a “bunk,” or wooden shelf, supported the Colonel's bed. His nephew's (Edward JerninghaMcs), cot was placed on the top of a pile of musket cases and soap boxes against the partition.
The floor consisted of the natural grey shingle which formed the beach; and the roof, which was luckily water-proof, bent and yielded to every puff of wind. The plan of tying everything together with flax made these Maori houses so elastic that no wind could blow them down. The thatched walls were highly airy, and a copious ventilation circulated through them in every direction. They had plenty of thick blankets and slept well. A sea bath was close to the door, and wonders were done in the cooking by Saturday, a Rotuma man, who officiated as Jack-of-all-trades until the return of the Colonel's servant in the “Tory.”
Next to Mr. Moreing's tents was the camp of
A brig arrived from Sydney with thirty head of cattle, said to have been chartered by a Company formed in Sydney with a large capital to buy land and occupy it. The agent on board laid claim to a large tract of land nearly opposite the island of Mana, bought from some former purchaser; but the operations of the agent had been stopped by a proclamation made at Sydney on the 14th of January, against any further purchasing of land in New Zealand.
The agent asked from £30 to £40 per head for his cows, but found no purchasers.
Landing at Pito-one—Church Service on the Beach.
The ship “Adelaide,” 640 tons register, commanded by
The names of the adult passengers and children over fifteen years of age comprised the following:—
|
Name | Age | Wife's Age | No. of Children | |
| Alzdorf, Charles 24 | — | — | |
| Andrews, George — | — | — | |
| Bradey, Francis 45 | 38 | 5 | |
| Brady, Emma 20 | — | — | |
| Beaumont, Robert 30 | 26 | 1 | |
| Beckers, Eliza 19 | — | — | |
Bell, Charles Frater | 27 | 30 | — | |
| Bennett, Charlotte 22 | — | 1 | |
| Boyle, Catherine 30 | — | — | |
| Boyle, Rachael 30 | — | — | |
| Bradford, Robert 34 | 31 | 2 | |
| Brown, J. W. Henry 25 | 26 | 1 | |
| Buchanan, James M (Schoolteacher)55 | — | — | |
| Burcham, James 33 | 33 | — | |
| Buxton, H. B. 39 | 33 | 4 | |
| Campbell, Robert 16 | — | — | |
Cole, G. S. & H. | — | — | — | |
Constable, Edward | 24 | 25 | — | |
Constable, John | — | — | — | |
| Clarke, George 25 | — | — | |
Cook, H. and T. W. | — | — | — | |
Cooke, E. | — | — | — | |
Daniell, Cap. Edward | — | — | — | |
de Oliveira, Leocadia | — | — | — | |
| Durie, D. Stark (Major)— | — | — | |
| Ellerm, Edward (Senr.)35 | 34 | 3 | |
| Ellerm, Edward (Junr.)— | — | — | |
| Evans, Caroline — | — | — | |
Evans, Dr. G. S. Lady and Child | — | — | — | |
Evans, J. E. | 24 | 20 | — | |
| Evans, John — | — | — | |
Fox, John | 22 | 24 | — | |
| Galpin, William 24 | 29 | 1 | |
Galpin, C. and C. M. | — | — | — | |
| Guthrie, Thomas 26 | 24 | 1 | |
| Harris, John 31 | 31 | 4 | |
Henderson, D. | 28 | 24 | — | |
Hewitt, A. and R. | 28 | 26 | 1 | |
Hunt, Charles | 51 | 44 | 1 | |
Hunt, Maria | 24 | — | — | |
Hunt, Emily | 20 | — | — | |
Hunt, Fanny | 17 | — | — | |
Johnson, F. J. & W. | — | — | — | |
| Jones, Clara Elizabeth 18 | — | — | |
Kemble, R. | — | — | — | |
| Kimpton, Thomas 29 | — | — | |
Knight, W. (?) | — | — | — | |
Knight, Thomas | 28 | — | — | |
| Laurance, Joseph 21 | — | — | |
| Longmore, Thomas 20 | — | — | |
| Luscombe, J. H. — | — | — | |
| Luxford, William 39 | 39 | 6 | |
| Luxford, C. E. and G. H.— | — | — | |
| Luxford, W. N. — | — | — | |
| Marshall, Sampson 24 | 22 | — | |
McKenzie, Mrs. | 35 | — | — | |
| McKenzie, Thos. 20 | — | — | |
| McKenzie, Thomas W. — | — | — | |
| McKew, Peter 34 | 36 | 4 | |
| McKew, Mary Ann 15 | — | — | |
| McNally, James 36 | 35 | — | |
Miller, M. | — | — | — | |
| Minifie, John 24 | 23 | 1 | |
| Minifie, Elizabeth W. 44 | — | 1 | |
| Minifie, Matilda 15 | — | — | |
| Minifie, Thomas 22 | — | — | |
| Minifie, Joseph 17 | — | — | |
| Montague, Lydia 19 | — | — | |
Natrass, J. | — | — | — | |
Oliver, Miss. | — | — | — | |
Partridge, T. N. | — | — | — | |
Pike, Mary Elizabeth | 20 | — | — | |
| Reid, James (Brewer)39 | — | — | |
| Revans, Samuel — | — | — | |
Riddiford D., Lady and Miss | — | — | – | |
Roe, Charles Ed. & E. | — | — | — | |
| Rutler, Samuel 20 | — | — | |
| Shannon, Florence Mr . Shannon arrived by “Cuba.”32— | — | — | |
| Simpson, Joseph 26 | 27 | — | |
Smith-Mein, Mrs. W. | — | — | 3 | |
St. Hill H. and Lady | — | — | — | |
Stoddard, Mr. and Mrs | 25 | 25 | — | |
| Swann, James 38 | 39 | 5 | |
| Taine, J. J. — | — | — | |
| Thomas, Cap. J. — | — | — | |
| Thomas, J. — | — | — | |
| Ticehurst, Edwin 27 | 27 | 3 | |
| Tilke, Ann , c/o Mrs. Evans— | — | — | |
| Turnbull, William 24 | — | — | |
| Turner, Ann 20 | — | — | |
| Waddell, J. — | — | — | |
| Ward, Edward 18 | — | — | |
| Ward, James 32 | 27 | — | |
| Weston, Frayton 19 | — | — | |
| Whiteman, William 15 | — | — | |
| Williams, Eliza 35 | — | — | |
| Wright, James 25 | — | — | |
| Wright, William 29 | — | — | |
| Yates, F. Thomas 22 | — | — | Certified while under weigh for New Zealand about 4 o'clock 18th September, 1839.
(Signed) , William Johnston
Surgeon.
About four in the afternoon of the 7th March, 1840, Colonel Wakefield and his nephew Jerningham were sitting outside Mr. Moreing's tent, enjoying a cigar and the genial weather, when they saw three large vessels at once at the entrance of the harbour. One was recognised as the “Tory.” The others were the “Adelaide” and “Glenbervie.” A sudden storm of southerly wind, lightning and rain made them retreat under the tent as the squadron emerged from behind Somes Island under full sail.
They had not been long under shelter when Dr. Evans, one of the earliest members of the Association of 1837, burst into the tent, soaked through, but apparently wild with excitement and pleasure at having at length landed on the shores of the country in which he had been so long interested. He had arrived, with his family and several of the principal Colonists, in the “Adelaide.” The other ship, the “Glenbervie,” carried the Manager, Clerks, and well-lined safe of a branch of the Union Bank of Australia.
In the morning a grand salute was fired by all the ships, which lay at anchor in an extended line between the beach and Somes Island. The weather was delicious, and a large concourse of those on shore assembled to gaze on the imposing sight.
The six large ships, that had arrived previously, decked with colours, above which the New Zealand flag floated supreme, were thundering away. The natives shared in the general excitement, and proposed to take Colonel Wakefield in their canoes round the fleet. They started in three large war-canoes, racing under the stern of each ship in succession, while the salute continued. The place of honour was assigned to Colonel Wakefield, who was in
During the next few days the passengers of the “Adelaide” made themselves
Some delay was caused by the change, as the time already spent in cutting lines and laying out the streets in the valley of the Hutt became almost useless! Wakefield's
The following is an extract from a letter written by a passenger of the “Adelaide” on the 21st December, 1839.
“We left Teneriffe on the 16th of October and crossed the line on the 14th of November. We are all well and in good spirits and have lost only two or three children, and a man who fell overboard. Mrs. Miller gave birth to an infant, and Mrs. Riddiford had a daughter on board on the 28th November. Some quarrels have occurred; one cause of difference was the putting into Table Bay on the 19th December, under the impression that the delay would swell to a month at least.”—“N.Z. Journal,” 1840, p. 42.
A passenger on the “Adelaide” related some of his experiences, which were published in Bishop's Guide to Wellington, 1883, kindly lent to the writer by Mr. Hamilton Bannister, and from which a few extracts are here given:—
“On the 7th March, 1840, I arrived in the harbour of Port Nicholson, in the ship ‘Adelaide,’ after a protracted passage of six months. The voyage was rather an eventful one. In crossing the Bay of Biscay we encountered a severe gale, with a high tumultuous sea, and it was with great difficulty that the Captain saved the masts. After crossing the Bay we put into
Santa Cruz , Teneriffe. We lay there three days, and took on board some live stock, and a large supply of fruit… . Previous to crossing the line, a dispute arose amongst the passengers, occasioned, no doubt by the ‘strength’ of the bilge water (?) which could only be settled by an interchange of civilities on shore. This necessitated the calling at Cape Town, very much to the annoyance of our Captain, as it would considerably protract the voyage. On arriving at Cape Town, the belligerents landed, and arrangements were made to settle their differences. After stepping off the usual number of paces, and the seconds placing their men, one of the principals refused to fight. He was willing enough for his opponent to fire at him, but positively refused to return the fire. The seconds, of course, could not allow this to be done, and so the matter ended in the Law Courts. The result was that the Captain and one of his principals were bound over to keep the peace, and thus ended this bloodless affair. After a detention of about a fortnight at the Cape, we again set sail for New Zealand, and arrived here as above, having previously called at Port Hardy for instructions.”“The settlers from the first five vessels—‘Aurora,’ ‘Oriental,’ ‘Duke of Roxburgh,’ ‘Bengal Merchant,’ and ‘Adelaide’—landed at Pito-one, and the ships lay at anchor under the lee of Somes Island. On my first landing, a mere lad, I was delighted with the novelty of the scenes that met my view, and the bustle and activity going on around me so occupied my thoughts as to leave no room for gloomy anticipations of the future. There was one scene, however, that was more deeply impressed on my mind than any other, and that has never been effaced during the vicissitudes of a Colonial life. I allude to the first
Sabbath service I attended after my arrival in New Zealand.” Church Service at Pito-One, 1840.“It was a beautiful calm day, not a cloud to be seen in the sky, and the sun shone forth in its meridian splendour. The magnificent harbour of Port Nicholson lay before us, but not a breath of wind to ruffle the surface of its waters; and the laving of the tide upon the beach was the only sound heard in that direction, to break the stillness of the peaceful scene. To the left might be seen, anchored off Somes Island, the vessels which had been for months the temporary homes of the settlers, and which had brought them in safety across the mighty deep, with the British Ensign hanging at their peak. To the right, and about a quarter of a mile distant, was the bush with its various and beautiful foliage. The Nikau palm and the Tree fern being conspicuous in their beauty; and the woods were musical with the song of birds. The back ground consisting of tall flax and the feathery toi toi (toetoe), which was then in full bloom. Adjoining, and a short distance from Petone Beach there was a small clump of Karaka trees, under the shade of which the settlers assembled to worship God. There was no Sabbath bell to call the congregation together, but the song of the bell bird could be distinctly heard above all the songsters of the grove. There were about thirty or forty persons, among whom I remember
Mr. Robert Roger Strang , Mr. George Hunter (afterwards the first Mayor), Mr. Wm. Lyon, Mr. K. Bethune, Mr. J. Telford, Mr.Francis Yates ,Mr. Robert Kemble , Mr. Buchanan, and many whose names I have forgotten.“The greeting was most cordial as friends met and briefly related their several experiences to each other, since leaving the Mother Country.…
“The Rev. John Macfarlane, the only clergyman who accompanied the first expedition, officiated. He was then in the vigour of manhood, was of medium height, and formed a prominent feature in the group. When the Rev. gentleman said ‘Let us worship God,’ every head was reverently uncovered and the small company joined with all earnestness in singing the C. Psalm: ‘All People that on Earth do Dwell.’ He then read a portion of Scripture, after which he offered up a prayer. And there, with the canopy of heaven for a covering, did they pour forth their thanksgiving to God for bringing them in safety across the mighty deep to their desired haven.… Then was sung ‘O God of Bethel, by whose hand,’ etc. After a short sermon the XXIII. Psalm was sung: ‘The Lord's my shepherd; I'll not want,’ etc. And here I may mention that Sabbath services were afterwards regularly held in Bethune and Hunter's store on the banks of the Hutt, and sometimes at Colonel Wake-field's house at Pito-one. What a contrast the previous week had been to this peaceful and holy Sabbath.”
The writer of the above then refers to the murder of Poukawa, a Ngatiawa chief, and continues:—“In order to make reprisals, an expedition of over 300 warriors was raised to secure ‘utu’ (or blood for blood payment), and had departed with threats of direful vengeance.
“It was in the interim that the ‘First Sabbath service,’ as above recorded, was held.”
The store ship “Glenbervie,” 387 tons commanded by Capt. Wm. Black, left
Early Settlers' Journal, Vol. 2., No. 1., p. 10.
Lady readers will be interested to learn how the passengers were provided with suitable clothes for the voyage and Colonial life, with which they were supplied at the prices quoted hereunder:—
The barque “Bolton,” 540 tons, commanded by
The “Bolton,” described as the “October” ship, had, against the name of each emigrant, the names of the following persons who recommended them, and summarised thus:—Lord Petre, Revds. Butler and
Enquiries respecting Agricultural Labourers were noted on the back of the Register. These apparently emanated from J. Raymond Barker, Esq., Fairfield Park, Glostershire, and Captain Raymond, Gravesend, C/o
The passenger list is as follows:—
When the New Zealand Company sent out their exploring expedition, they explained to Colonel Wakefield that there was probably some one part of New Zealand better suited than any other to become the centre of its trade. The shores of safe and commodious harbours, the sheltered emboucheres of an extensive river communicating with a fertile country, were the situations to which his attention was directed, and he was especially instructed to make purchases of land on the shores of that harbour which should appear to offer the greatest facilities as a general trading depot, and port of export and import for all parts of the Islands. But closely followed, unfortunately, by several hundred intending settlers, Colonel Wakefield had no time to spare in selecting a site for their location. Many harbours were already occupied by claimants still earlier in the field, and in the selection of a site for their first and principal settlement, the
On visiting Thorndon, the level piece of land at the south west extremity of the harbour, on which he had intended to place the town, Colonel Wakefield was well received by the natives of that part. More than one competitor for land had paid a visit since the Colonel's departure for the North, and had attempted to buy patches of land over the agent's head. One of these was a Mr. R. Tod, who had been fortunate enough to discover an inferior chief named Moturoa, who was absent during the Port Nicholson purchase in September, and who had agreed to sell him three or four acres on the most promising part of the beach, near Pipitea Point and Pa (corner of Mulgrave and Pipitea Street). Mr. Tod appeared resolved to maintain this transaction by every possible means, but Moturoa very soon showed a disposition to assent to the large sale of Port Nicholson, and receive some utu from Colonel Wakefield for his rights and claims, which Wharepouri and
Two acres of land, adjoining section 600 and Pipitea Pa, with a frontage to the beach, were granted to the Church Missionary Society in the names of the
The sand hummocks at the back of the long beach at Pito-one were dotted with tents of all sizes and shapes, and native built huts in various stages of construction, while heaps of goods lay about anywhere between high-water mark and the houses. Ploughs, bricks, millstones, tent poles, saucepans, crockery, iron, pothooks, triangles, casks of all sizes, bales of all sorts were distributed about. The greatest good humour prevailed among the owners of these multifarious articles. The novelty and excitement of their employment appeared to give them high spirits and courage. They pitched their tents and piled up their goods in rude order, while the natives, equally pleased and excited, sung Maori songs to them from the tops of the whares or huts where they sat tying the rafters and thatch together with flaxen bands. At the back of the tavern, whither a flagstaff and a New Zealand flag invited the sailors, a rough and newly made track struck off to the settlement on the riverbank, across a miry swamp. About a quarter of a mile beyond this swamp, at the junction of a small creek with the Hutt, was the beginning of a little village of tents and huts, among the low scrubby coppice wood which covered this part of the valley. A rough path had been cleared by the surveyors along the bank, and on either side of this the Colonists had been allowed to squat on allotted portions until the survey of the Town should be completed.
Captain Smith had preferred the lower part of the valley of the Hutt to Thorndon and its neighbourhood for the site of the town, as the whole eleven hundred acres, with sufficient reserves, for promenades and other public purposes, could be laid out on level ground in the alluvial valley. He had neglected the instructions given by Colonel Wakefield to the man (another Mr. Smith), left behind by the “Tory” in September, 1839, to have the town laid out at Thorndon, and had proceeded with the survey of the Hutt banks. The dense forest and swampy ground impeded the rapid progress of the survey.
The squatters on the Hutt were no less busy and merry than their fellows on the beach. Mr. Edward Betts Hopper, of Dover, Mr.
They were as busy as the rest, landing and arranging their goods. At high water, the ship's long-boats and private cargo-boats brought quantities of goods up to the owners' locations. The labourers and masters worked altogether at the casks, bales, and other heavy things; the natives lent their willing aid, being very handy in the water and then returned, either to a job at hut-building, or to hawk about their pigs and potatoes, which they brought in canoes to this quick market.
Each capitalist appeared to have a following of labourers from his own part of the country. Cornish miners and agricultural labourers had pitched their tents near Mr. Molesworth; Kentish men dwelt near
Small patches for gardens were already being cleared in various spots; ruddy flaxen-haired children were playing about near the doors; and the whole thing made an impression of cheerfulness and contentment.
Then the mildness of the climate, the good preparations made before leaving England, and the hearty good-feeling existing among the Colonists themselves as well as between them and the natives, all tended to give the extensive bivouac the air of a picnic on a large scale, rather than a specimen of the hardships of a Colony.
For, although all were often wet in the numerous boat excursions and fording of streams and creeks, or occasional showers of rain, no one felt any injury to his health; master and man toiled with equal energy and good-will; and both enjoyed a good meal, often served up with all the comforts of civilised life. Thus, in a little, cramped, but weather-tight tent, you found a capitalist in shirt-sleeves, taking a hasty meal of preserved meat and good vegetables (the latter grown from the seeds that were left with Smith), and drinking good beer or wine. Each English family had got a native or two particularly attached to them. They supplied their guests with potatoes and firewood, and with an occasional pig; shared in the toils and meals of the family; delighted at the novelty of every article unpacked, and were very quick at learning the use of the new tools and inventions; chattered incessantly in Maori and broken English; and devoted themselves, each to his own Pakeha, with the greatest good-breeding, patience and kind attention. “Wakefield's Adventure,” p. 148.
A few wanderers from Australia and elsewhere arrived in small schooners and cutters about this time. A grog shop
Colonel Wakefield's warning to the tavern keeper against a continuance of these disturbances, was treated with contempt. Upon this he explained his views to
The following are extracts from letters written by Colonists, and published in the New Zealand Journal, London, 1840. The first was written on the 10th March by Miss Riddiford to Mrs. Ramsey, Old Brompton, England.
Port Nicholson ,10/3/1840 .“The beach is covered with little wooden houses and tents… Colonel Wakefield lives in a nice one made by the natives… The town lots are not yet chosen… Those who came by the ‘Oriental’ are settled four miles up the country… We intend occupying a small house on the beach, near to Colonel Wakefield's, facing the sea… Major Baker and several others have had very nice ones built, consisting of four rooms each, for which they pay four blankets… Do not think of bringing a house… the window frames, doors, bolts, bars, etc., may be of use. Dr. Evans, Colonel Wakefield, and others have gone down the harbour to a part called Thorndon, four miles off, which is described as a second Italy, and a most picturesque spot.”
Letter from Mr. T. M. Partridge:—
Port Nicholson ,18th March, 1840 .“A vast number of houses have been built and are in the course of erection. Native houses chiefly, of poles and well thatched. About 300 natives are in the Bay, and all very useful… I am living in a tent which I have bought, for the house is not yet landed; and I am well contented that I have not yet been obliged to sleep with an umbrella over my head, as most others have done… My tent is full of goods, furniture, pots and kettles, and all sorts of bedevilment. I shall have to build a store, which will cost me, I suppose, £40. I like what I have seen of Wakefield very much; he is a straightforward, courageous fellow, and has great influence with the natives, who are a jovial, laughing, fighting, good-natured, pork-eating set of savages.
“
Molesworth, Sinclair and Petrie and the aristocracy are setting a good example.“Fustian coats and thick shoes are very fashionable, and you would laugh to see officers, doctors and dandies digging, thatching and chopping with great frenzy.
The climate is glorious, and the country like a Paradise… “I carpenterise, and carry logs, and cook, and go to council without detriment to my gentility.”
29th March, 1840 .“P.S.—Revan's paper will be out in 10 days, but we have had printing some time in the Colony.
” New Zealand Journal, 29th Aug., 1840, p. 209.
S. M. Partridge .”
Letter from Mr. R. R. Strang (grandfather on the maternal side toSir Douglas Maclean ).
Port Nicholson ,April 6th, 1840 .“We are now in all the bustle and confusion of putting up a house… It is situate about 600 yards from the beach, commanding a most delightful view of perhaps as fine a bay as there is in the world, and the ground is so rich and productive, that although somewhat gravelly, peas which were sown last week were, in six days, above ground, and this is the last month of their autumn, and the seed was injured by immersion in the sea. The climate is indeed salubrious and delightful… The natives are perfectly quiet, civil and obliging. I have had two of them employed with my own servants in building my house, and such is the confidence we have in them, that although some natives slept round a fire at the end of our house, we felt no fear, although we have neither door nor windows… On arrival at Port Hardy, the passengers were much disappointed in not finding either ships or instructions as to their rendezvous. After arrival at Port Nicholson, they had about 10 days almost continual rain, which dampened their spirits a good deal, but the weather had cleared up about the beginning of April and things had begun to assume a more cheering aspect.
” “N.Z. Journal,” 12th Sept., 1840.
Letter from Rev. John Macfarlane :—
Clyde Terrace, ,
Port Nicholson, N.Z.April 6th, 1840 .“I am busy getting up my home, though you would think it rather a strange one, for there is not a single stone in it. It is built of wood, thatched with reeds—28 feet long, 18 feet wide, roof 8 feet high. It contains a good parlour, bedroom, and kitchen. The parlour window looks towards the sea, so that I can see a distance of 12 miles, with every ship that passes in and out.
“Nothing can be more delightful than the singing of innumerable birds. At six every morning I can distinctly hear the mocking bird, imitating now one note, now another.”
‘N.Z. Journal,’ 1841, p. 311.
Mr. John Pierce, who arrived in the “Duke of Roxburgh,” writes thus on the 6th April, 1840:—
“Port Nicholson is twelve miles from the mouth of the harbour to the beach, which is three miles. To-day we go to Thorndon. Thorndon bay is a delightful place; it is 8 miles across the harbour, and forms a complete amphitheatre, bounded on three sides by the sea, good anchorage and safe shelter for any number of ships. Excellent water, good clay and, it is said, plenty of coal, iron and limestone. Vegetation seems constantly to be going on. In our garden parsley grows in abundance down nearly to low water mark. The natives never think about the seasons. They never
dig, but take a piece of wood and root up the ground and turn over the soil, and if there are eight potatoes they take up seven and just cover the one over and leave it to grow. We finally left the ship on the 6th March, Colonel Wakefield lending me a tent for a shed. On Saturday I gave three yards of calico for a pig 40lb. weight. The part I sold brought me 12/-. On Saturday night it rained tremendously, and we were as badly off as if we were in the open air. I sat three hours with Mrs. Pierce, after which we rolled ourselves up in our blankets and slept soundly. The next morning we were as gay as possible and we felt no cold. People here do not take cold as in England. “I commenced business on Monday the 9th, and now have the wooden house up and am very comfortable. It is the first house in town. The Bank is to open on Thursday.
“One town acre sold this morning for £300. Prices are hardly yet settled; flour 6d. per lb.
“I had the first bullock consigned to me and sold him at 1/- per lb, tea 5d., coffee 2/-, wine and spirits cheap, ale and porter 2/- per bottle. Clothes and shoes will be very dear, but there is hardly any saying what will be the settled price, as there is not a day passes but that some one or two ships arrive from Sydney with general cargo. On Saturday the first horses were landed, which had a prodigious effect on the natives. There is likely to be abundance of labour. Capital seems flowing in from all parts. Already we have one ship from Port Philip, one from Launceston, one from Hobart Town, one from Adelaide, eight or ten from Sydney, and schooners and coasters in lots.
“There are no reptiles or venomous things of any kind, and there is abundance of the finest fish in the world; so that anyone may live as cheaply as he wishes. There is no corroding care; the natives are pleased.”
When the first site of the new town was partially laid off, it was named “Britannia;” and the village of “Aglionby” was situated on the Hutt River.
The following is a copy (verbatim) of a letter from
“Port Nicholson ,April 16th, 1840 .
My dear Sir, I hope you quite well, all your family. I'm very glad if you soon come out to New Zealand. I hope you pleased I give you mat. Give my kind remembrances to Mr. Church. I no forget you, and think of you often. I am very much obliged to you for your letter Mr. St. Hill gave me. Many fine houses in Port Nicholson, like Sydney. I hope you come to New Zealand. I have been quite well, and remain, my dear friend,
NAYTI .”
Letter from J. Murray (“Bengal Merchant”).
Clyde Terrace,
Port Nicholson, N.Z. ,
17th May, 1840 .“Mr. Hunter, the resident partner of the London firm of
Arthur Willis and Co., introduced me to Colonel Wakefield; by which means I got temporary employment in Colonel Wakefield's office. Mr. Hunter offered me the superintendentship of one of his extensive stores here, whichI have accepted. For the first three or four weeks all parties were busy erecting dwellings on the beach near the river Hutt. The houses are built of spars cut from the forest and roofed with long flax-grass and a kind of flexible cane called supplejack. “We are in Clyde Terrace, and the dwellings are the best in the Colony. The minister lives opposite where I live. Messrs. Strang, Banks, Hay, Yule and Logan are among the families.
“Mr. Macfarlane has divine service on the beach every Sabbath; also a Mr. Butler, of the Church of England. The Maoris pronounce my name O'Mare, which signifies ‘a bad cold.’ Colonel Wakefield they call ‘Wideawake.’”
Letter from Mr. J. Pierce to T. C. Salt, Esq.
Britannia Hotel and Stores, ,
Port Nicholson28th June, 1840 .“I was very anxious to tread the land, which I soon accomplished by means of one of the natives, who took me in his canoe.
“Mr. Lyon accompanied me… When darkness came on, we had nowhere to sleep… We found a shed which had been put up for the Company's stores, where I found a coil of rope and an anvil for a pillow, and there I slept as soundly as possible. When I rose I found that I had lost my companion, who had crept unobserved into a corner. I had walked out to see the goodliness of the land. It was enchantment…
“On turning aside twenty yards from the road at the seaside, the most delightful melody fell upon my ear; thousands of songsters of all notes and keys strove to outvie each other; while I inhaled the sweet fragrance of the wild flowers, my companion joined me, and on our return we were invited by the ‘chief’ to breakfast in a ‘warry,’ or native house.
“On the 7th of March we landed and borrowed a shed from Colonel Wakefield, as our house was inundated by an overflow from the river Hutt.”
The most important news from the Mother Country was the formation of a Church Society there, which undertook to negotiate for the appointment of a separate Bishop for the Colony, and the endowment of churches and clergymen. The New Zealand Company had engaged to present the Society with 2,000 acres of land for these purposes.
The New Zealand Journal, London, published a number of letters from the Port Nicholson colonists. Some of them are mentioned, and extracts from others are given as under:—
(1) From J. A. and H. Longford, 26/1/1840; (2) John Lodge, 27/1/1840; (3) B. Exeter, 1840, suggesting the name of “Victoria” for the new settlement at Port Nicholson; (4)
5. Letter from
“We have two excellent sites for the town. We are located on the beach opposite Lambton, and away from it about five miles. I live at Captain Smith's in a large tent. This tent is our office in the day. I am putting up a wooden house lent me by the Company for the ‘Gazette,’ and I hope the second number will appear Saturday 11th.
It would have been out sooner, but I have only this day got the wood work from the ‘Glenbervie.’ The first number was published in London, 6/9/1839.
“Our own wooden house is landing, but we are storing it away until we get the town acre. We have got a small
native house called a ‘warree.’ The Council sat to-day for the first time under the Constitution. The Bank is in operation, and I believe a local bank will soon be opened. I like Colonel Wake-field very much.” (S.R., 6/4/40.)
Letter from Dr. Dorset 21/11/1840.
6. “We have now settled down into a regular community, and I suspect my adventures are over. Enclosed I send you the second number of the New Zealand newspaper published here, in which you will see better than I can tell your our flourishing state and prospects.
“The 8th pt. No. 20 Town Acre only, held by Mr. Shand, has been sold for £100.
“
Sir George Sinclair 's son, a few days after his arrival, sold five sections for thirteen hundred guineas; and he is now heartily sorry for the sale, the buyers of them declaring they are worth £10,000, as they are mostly low numbers. Sections below No. 10 are not to be bought for £1,000.”
Letter from Mr. Wm. Gilbert, C/o Mr. Molesworth, 23/6/1840.
7. “We could get a large pig for an old gown. Elizabeth purchased a quantity of potatoes for two large spoonfuls of brown sugar.
Mary Anne has got a very good place with a gentleman, her wages £10 per annum. This is a high place for wages. Servant girls now get £12 and £15 per annum. I am sawing, and I and my partner average £3 each per week.”
Letter from J. and S.W., 5/6/1841.
8. “There are plenty of shops here of all description. Ships keep coming in every day. We have always three or four lying in the harbour.
“The ‘Mauris’ are very civil, but you must think nothing of seeing them going about stark naked.”
Letter from Mr. E. Dieffenbach, 15/1/'41.
9. “I have lately returned from a short journey up the valley of the ‘Eritonga,’ or river Hutt.
“I started with my party on the 30th July, 1840, and followed the lines which have been cut by Mr. Deans along the western chain of hills.”
Letter from Mr. W. Bannister, 27/11/1841.
10. “We reached Port Nicholson on the 21st, being Easter Tuesday. I sent my wife to Monteith, a distance of ten miles, on the opposite side of the Port,
where the Town was first to be fixed. Next day we left the ship and took up our dwelling in the new house. Probably Oriental Bay. Mr. Bannister resided there later.
“The second day it began to rain, and so continued for eight or ten days most tremendously. At night our bed clothes were completely soaked.
“I suppose you have heard from William that Eaton's son Richard was speared by the natives, and died. It was his own fault, as I am informed. His father never looked up after, and died in October last. Pierce, of Birmingham, was drowned with eight others. Hughes died on the passage out. I expect my land in six months, but I do not intend going on it myself at present. Tell William to bring James Bishop with him. A watchmaker came here a month ago; he is now making two or three pounds a day. He is the only one, except a drunkard.”
Letter from Mr. Thos. Parker, 2/10/1841.
11. “You are not aware of the hardships that accompany New Zealand; but young
men must not mind about the hardships they would have to undergo. I have myself been in the greatest distress, not for want of money, or victuals, but from the want of a cover to shelter me from the storms and rain, which flows in torrents. Some of my comrades and I have slept for nights under nothing but a bush, but now, thank God, I am comfortable. I have £3 per week, but can save nothing to speak of at present, for I am under the care of the doctors. I hope you will drink my health in a bumper of old English ale.”
Letter from T. and S. Barber, 2/10/1841.
12. “We had a good voyage and landed at New Zealand on the Sunday week before Xmas Day. The Company has wooden houses for the emigrants, where they stay till they build themselves houses or till another ship comes in.
“Some houses are made of wood and some of sticks plastered inside and outside with mud, thatched with bark of trees and covered with rushes. The price of ‘Ki Ki’ (bread) is 8d. for 2lbs., butter 2/6, fresh butter 4/- or 5/- per lb., cheese 2/6, beef and mutton 1/-, pork 7d., beer 1/- quart, gin, wine and rum 6d. a quartern, bacon 1/7, etc.”
Letter from Mr. A. Allom, 11/2/1842.
13. “What will please you most to hear is that I have found out Mr. and Mrs. and Dr. Stokes… Mrs. Stokes was alone and did not recognise me for a moment or two… Mr. Stokes has left the surveying staff, and is in business for himself. He has a great deal of land cleared and plenty of vegetables growing.
“Mr. Brees and I dined with him yesterday… I have taken the parcel to Mr. Hunter and am very friendly with him. I have not yet been to Dr. Evans nor to Mr. Burgess.” (A. Allom, 11/2/1842.)
Letter from
14. “Mrs. Wills arrived out here after all, before we did. She has taken a very nice house and is anxiously expecting her son's return.
“I have seen Mr. Brees, Mr. Wylie and your Mr. Charlton—I met them at Mrs. Wills'. I suppose Francis Bell told you he came on board at the Downs to see me. Papa has got a horse and has sent to Sydney for a horse for me.
“I have a most beautiful large New-foundland dog given me….”
The “New Zealand Gazette,” second number, was published by
Provisional Constitution.“We, the undersigned, intending to inhabit the New Zealand Land Company's first and principal settlement, with the view to provide for the peace and order thereof, do hereby agree amongst ourselves and pledge our honour to submit ourselves to the following regulations and to enforce them, that is to say: That all the persons and parties to this agreement shall submit to be mustered and drilled.”… “Any offence committed shall be liable to be punished, and a committee shall decide any dispute.” Here follow the names of the Committee referred to on another page. Regulations, Ratification and extension of the above contract by the Sovereign Chiefs of Port Nicholson.
The officers of the New Zealand Company comprised the following:—Colonel Wm. Wakefield, principal agent;
Captain W. Mein Smith , R.A., Surveyor General; W. Carrington, 1st Assistant Surveyor; Robert Stokes, R. Park, Assistant Surveyors;Captain E. M. Chaffers , Harbour Master;J. P. Fitzgerald , M.D., Consulting Physician to the Infirmary;John Dorset , Surgeon to the Infirmary; George Hunter, Storekeeper General;John Nelson Burcham , Assistant;Daniel Riddiford , Agent for Emigrants; R. Doddrey, Superintendent of Company's Works;Richard Barrett , Agent for Natives and Interpreter;James Heberley , Pilot;George S. Evans , D.C.L., Umpire;Samuel Revans , Secretary;Major Richard Baker , Magistrate;Henry Cole and James Smith, District Constables.The first business places advertised were:—The New Zealand Company; J. Ward, Secretary, London, Union Bank of Australia, New Zealand Branch; H. Moreing and Taylor, General Agents; Surveyor General's Department (re claims against the Department);
William Lyon ; Willis and Co.; K. Bethune and George Hunter; J. Pierce; J. Telford;Robert Tod andAndrew Duncan ; T. M. Partridge;Samuel McDonnell (last tent); Wallace, White and Wallace; and Fredk. Dunsford.
A person (in the “Wanteds”) was required to cut in metal or wood a plan of the Harbour of Port Nicholson, and to enquire at the “Gazette” office for particulars. In another column, a classified list appeared of immigrants brought out at the expense of the Colony in the “Cuba,” viz.:—
2 Blacksmiths.
2 Bricklayers.
1 Butcher.
1 Carpenter.
1 Gamekeeper.
3 Gardeners.
4 Labourers.
1 Miner.
2 Sawyers.
1 Seedsman.
1 Servant.
1 Timber Cutter.
1 Wheelwright.
The number of artisans who arrived by the “Oriental,” “Duke of Roxburgh,” “Bengal Merchant” and “Adelaide” was also mentioned.
An advertisement announced the business of
Amongst the advertisements from London firms were those of Edward Chance, hardware and general, and Manning's Portable Colonial Cottages.
The same number of the “Gazette” (No. 2) contains a report of the Committee of Colonists, at which the following resolutions were passed:—
“That one district constable do reside this end (Pito-one) and the other at Thorndon.”
“That Mr. A. Hort be elected to fill the vacancy caused on the Committee by the retirement of Captain Smith, and that
At the meeting of the Council (N.Z. Gaz., 25th April) Dr. Evans asked if some arrangement could be made for a public building to serve as a Police Court and Town Hall.
An announcement appeared in the N.Z. Gazette of Saturday, 16th May, 1840, to the effect that a Grand Fete and Public Ball was contemplated, and that a public meeting would be held at Thorndon to inspect the Surveyor General's plan and to determine on the future name to be given to the town. Voluntary subscriptions were invited from “all gentlemen in the Colony” in aid of the amusement fund. The committee comprised Messrs. Dorset, Durie, Watt, Duppa, Molesworth, Strang, White, St. Hill, Barrett, Doddrey, Dr. Johnston and Major Baker.
The following summarised items appeared in the same number of the Gazette, viz.:—
That road contracts for cutting roads 6ft. wide up the valley were taken by George White and Mr. Deans; that the Pickwick Club had been formed and meetings were to be held at Elsdon's Commercial Inn and Tavern.
The arrival of the “Jewess” on the 17th May with Mr. C. Cohen as passenger.
That the Port Nicholson Tavern and Coffee House had commenced business, and that Mr. T. Roskell's store, at the west end of the beach, was opened.
That a game of cricket had been arranged between the gentlemen of Thorndon and members of the Pickwick Club.
On the night of the 25th May, 1840, the line of cottages described as “Cornish Row” was burnt down, the inflammable nature of the roofs and walls having overcome all the efforts of the settlers of all classes, who had hurried from their beds to the scene, on the first alarm. No lives were lost. The houseless families were received, some by their neighbours and some in the Company's emigrant houses, and a ready subscription replaced the burnt clothes and other effects belonging to those, who being poor, could ill afford even so small a loss.
The blaze had hardly subsided, when the sleepers were again aroused by the shock of an earthquake. Some amusement was caused by some of the settlers who ran out in scanty clothing and fired their muskets and pistols, under the idea that a troop of natives were trying to pull the huts down. To add to their discomfort, the Hutt River was overflowing its banks on the 30th. This was for the second time since the formation of the settlement.
On the 30th of May, Colonel Wakefield, as President of the Council, issued a notice to the inhabitants between the ages of 18 and 60, requiring them to form themselves into a militia under his direction. The intention was to occupy no more than one hour in each week in this muster of armed inhabitants, the object of which was to assure the minds of all persons of the existence of an adequate force for the preservation of order and protection of life and property, and to uphold the power and authority of the British race. They were asked to make it a point of honour to attend and answer their names when called upon the muster roll, with such arms as they might be in possession of. The employers were expected not to make any deduction in the men's wages for the time employed in such an important duty. The natives had been apprised of the scheme and expressed unfeigned satisfaction. It was proposed that they would be induced to train and that the chiefs be instructed to become officers.
An agent from the British Government arrived in the Harbour at this time, and these provisional measures were at an end. A boat from Thorndon brought the news to Pito-one at night, that the “Integrity” had returned with Lieutenant Shortland, the Colonial Secretary, a detachment of thirty soldiers and some supernumeraries, consisting of “mounted police,” and constables. A rumour had been circulated that the inhabitants of Port Nicholson were establishing a republic, and they were reported at the Bay of Islands as “a turbulent set of rebels.” The news was carried by
Next day, the 4th June, Lieutenant Shortland disembarked at Thorndon, to hoist the Union Jack and read the proclamation of the sovereignty of the Queen of England over New Zealand.
A large number of Colonists, including Colonel Wakefield and most of the Council, joined in the proceedings in a loyal manner. The soldiers landed and encamped in tents at one end of Thorndon; and Lieut. Shortland, with his suite, ensconced themselves in some half finished houses at that place. The other Government officers were Lieut. Smart of the 28th Regiment, in command of the few policemen, Lieut. Best, with thirty men of the 80th, and a clerk of the bench, who also assumed the duty of postmaster. The days of the Council were only remembered as a time of happy freedom from lawlessness. It was a proud boast, however, for this community that nearly 1,500 English people and 400 untutored savages had lived for five months without a serious breach. The few prisoners who had been committed for trial by Major Baker were handed over to the lawful authorities.
They had been confined in one of the Company's wooden houses at Pito-one, which was appropriated as a lock-up, and a boatful of “mounted police” came over to convey them to a thatched house at Thorndon, which had been selected for a jail. The Englishman found at Waiwhetu Pa, had been at a wedding a few days before, and during a bout of drunken merrymaking, had assaulted a man who lay badly wounded in the adjoining house, which was the Company's infirmary. The prisoner, owing to his hurts, was moved down to the boat with some difficulty, and display and jingling of handcuffs, carbines and sabres, which accompanied the whole proceeding.
H.M.S. “Herald” visited Port Nicholson on the 20th June, 1840, with Major Bunbury on board. On the 21st the frigate sailed all round the harbour, and Major Bunbury landed and was introduced to some of the settlers at Captain Smith's house. It was reported that the “Herald” was to take soldiers to Mana, in order to settle a dispute over a whaler's property. Representations were made to him that Rangihaeata and other chiefs had got possession of a considerable part of the property. The frigate sailed away on her return to the Bay of Islands the same evening, beating out in the dark against a fresh south-east breeze, with her boats holding lights on the extremities of the reefs. Barretts.
On the 25th June, 1840, the barque “Brougham” arrived from England with a supply of flour and provisions. She was lying opposite Colonel Wakefield's house, and landed her cargo at the Pito-one stores.
One of the early pioneers, Mr. Jabez Allen, who had opened a general store among the sand hills, wishing to have his girls' education attended to, secured the services of a youthful
Presently some of the other settlers
The “
6 births and 5 deaths occurred on board. The register was signed by
A list of the passengers is given as under:—
Ship arrived 8th July, 1840.
The following is a letter from the Company's Surveyor General,
“ Port Nicholson ,18/6/40 .“Sir,—I have been frequently asked, “When are the town acres to be given out,” which, though a very natural question, I have found it very difficult to answer. But I have now proceeded so far with my operations that I beg to inform the landowners and settlers, through the medium of your valuable paper, that unless some serious cause arises which I cannot forsee or provide against, I think I may safely say that I shall have my plan of the Town ready for public inspection on Monday, first of July. I will give further notice as to the time and place at which the plan will be exhibited. I have the honour to be, your obedient servant,
, W. M. Smith
Capt. Royal Artillery, Surveyor-General.”
The following day an announcement appeared in the same journal that the local Bank would go into operation as soon after the delivery of the Town lands as possible.
This was followed by another announcement signed by Colonel Wakefield, dated the 15th July, that an inspection of the Town plan would be held on Monday, 20th July, 1840, from
The Town as originally surveyed was composed of 1,100 sections of an acre each, interlaced with about 30 miles of streets and roads, which probably occupied 150 acres. To this area of 1,250 acres, made up of sections and streets, must be added 1,100 acres of Town Belt and other reserves; making the total area for the original Town as laid out in 1840, 2,350 acres.
Reserves as originally laid out by the New Zealand Company, 1839–1840, and Numbers 1 to 16 are shown on Brees' Map.
On the 28th the selection of the town-lands commenced, after a little delay arising from protests and objections by some of the numerous selectors. Many of the original buyers in London had confided to agents among the Colonists the task of selection. The meeting for this purpose took place in a large unfinished wooden building which Dr. Evans had brought with him, and which
Ample reserves for public purposes appeared on the plan; one acre was reserved for the Company, as a site for the immigration buildings, and the Native Reserves, consisting of 100 sections of one acre each, were selected by Captain Smith. The section on which the hotel was building fell to the lot of the natives. Two acres adjoining each other were also excluded from the general choice in accordance with an arrangement made between the
On the 4th of August, intelligence was received from Sydney which produced great agitation among the settlers at Port Nicholson. The views of
The Bill commenced by declaring that the aboriginal inhabitants of New Zealand had no right to confer any permanent interest in their lands on any individual not a member of their tribes, because they could only be considered to hold these lands in trust for their future descendants. It therefore declared null and void any title to lands in New Zealand not derived from the Crown. All claims to such lands were to be addressed within six months to the Colonial Secretary of New South Wales, in order that he might refer them to a Board of Commissioners.
The following extracts are from a letter written by
“ Port Nicholson, N.Z. ,Aug. 16th, 1840 .“The survey of the town is completed and the whole of the town acres are delivered out according to the plan of the Company. I have been employed all the week looking out my three town acres, and a quarter of an acre. For the latter I gave £60 shortly after my arrival and it proved to be in a good position (locality of the Hutt County Council Office, Lambton Quay). I have been offered £200 for it since. When the Government approves of a title it will be worth £500 as it has a frontage to the bay; but we seriously apprehend the Government will not acknowledge the Company's title; and if that is the case, it will ruin me, as well as a great many others, as I have bought altogether, better than 400 acres.… .
“The Company's territory of Port Nicholson is said to have the best Harbour, the best position, with more available and better land than any other part of New Zealand, and must eventually become the seat of Government.… . Colonel Wakefield is decidedly one of the most kind-hearted men in the world and gives universal satisfaction; he is greatly beloved by the natives as well as his own countrymen and no man can be better qualified for so great an undertaking as the Company's principal agent for New Zealand. Give my kind love to all my friends in the temperance cause… . . I forgot to tell you we had the British flag flying in our Port, and British soldiers here to protect us. The Surveyor General and his officers have commenced surveying the country.”
N.Z. Journal, 10/4/1841 and 21/8/42.
Messrs. Hanson and Alzdorf, writing to a client on the 30th December, 1840, stated:—
“Up to the present time we have agreed to let Sec. No. 509 on the map of the town for No. 103 (choice), for 10 years in two half lots at £30 per annum. No. 49 we have let a quarter of an acre for 7 years at £30 per annum for the first three years and £34 for the next four years. No. 569 at £12 per annum for three years. No. 222 for £80 per annum for 14 years. Section 225 we expect to let at £200 per annum.
“We have also let a small piece of ground 15ft. frontage by 20ft. in depth, part of Sec. 485 for one year at £10; and No. 614 for £20 per annum for 3 years after a valuation.”
Captain Smith again writes on the 30th January, 1841 thus:—
“The plan of the present town was worked out under every species of disadvantage and inconvenience. By the time it was commenced, a large body of settlers had arrived in the “Aurora,” ‘Oriental,’ ‘Bengal Merchant,’ ‘Duke of Roxburgh,’ ‘Glenbervie,’ and ‘Adelaide.’ Their importunities were increasing and a great interruption. They had expected to find the town ready for them on their arrival, and I was urged towards giving out the town sections with more speed than I thought prudent. At first my tent was my office and drawing room, Colonel Wakefield not wishing to put up an office for me till a proper site should be decided on.
“The winter was rapidly advancing and I was soon driven out of the tent. I retired to a ‘Mauri’ hut, which I had purchased as a private residence temporarily till the sections should be given out and I could bring my wife and family and house over from Petoni, where I had left them.
“This hut, though dry, was very dark; the little light that was admitted finding its way through a low doorway, close to which I was obliged to keep my table for drawing, but frequently in bad weather I was obliged to close up the door and work all day by candle light… The town sections were all chosen by the 14th August (1840), after which I proceeded with the country sections.”
Mr. Spain, Commissioner of Land Claims, opened his Court on the 16th May, 1842. The investigation became at once a matter of length and intricacy. One question which promised to encumber the inquiry, was that of whether Wharepouri and the other chiefs who had agreed to sell the district of Port Nicholson, in 1839, had a right to do so. Numerous natives from
Wakefield writes:—
“The scene gave one more the idea of the progress of a long nurtured, vindictive family law-suit, than that of a fair investigation into the real merits of a treaty between a colonizing body and the aborigines. The public got weary listenting to the same dull questions and answers. During the first week the Court had been crowded with spectators, both native and European, but after that, scarcely anyone attended, except the people who were paid for their attendance.
“Dull rumours sometimes reached the public that Moihi (“Moses”), or Aperahama (“Abraham”) had been giving evidence for three days, and people wondered what their evidence could have to do with the affair.
“By the middle of July the public ceased to take any more interest in the progress of the claims, the Court was almost deserted and the affair was treated as a burlesque by the Counsel and spectators.”
On New Year's day, 1843, the concluding selection of preliminary country sections took place. These were of the Upper Hutt villages, near Porirua and Manawatu. The different maps were laid on a long table in the open air outside the survey office, and the crowd of bustling agents and tormented surveyors' assistants formed a gay scene
The following is a memorandum of an agreement entered into on 16th September 1848, between the New Zealand Company and the resident purchasers and holders of Land Orders from and under it.
Extract.—“It is agreed, subject to the sanction of the Governor in Chief, as follows:—‘That all resident holders of Land Orders shall be at liberty to throw up, or abandon such sections as have heretofore been chosen in respect of such land orders and re-select other land in lieu thereof out of the districts hereinafter mentioned. That the value of each land order is to be considered as assessed at the value or equivalent of 100 acres, excepting however, the land orders in respect whereof sections have been chosen in either of the districts of Porirua or Wellington. That resident holders of land orders shall decide among themselves, either at a general meeting or in a Committee to be appointed at a general meeting what parties shall be entitled to compensation with reference to:—
Original purchasers who still hold their land orders.
Purchasers who bought unexecuted land orders or became owners previous to selection.
Purchasers of land at the market value subsequent to selection either here or in England.
Purchasers who have had beneficial possession or occupation of any land.
Purchasers who have already made beneficial changes.
Original or derivative purchasers who have only recently sold their land orders or selections.
“That all selections, whether for land abandoned, or land in compensation, shall be made in every district to be provided and surveyed for that purpose within 6 months after the survey of the district shall be completed.… .” “Decision shall be determined by a committee of reference, to be appointed by the holders of land orders solely, if to any point, or matter, or interest, concerning the holders of land orders, and the Company, then by
Isaac Earl Featherston on the part of the holders of land orders and on the part of the Company and such third person as the Governor in Chief may appoint; the decision of any two of them to be conclusive and final; as witness the said hands of the said parties.”Signed Geo. Moore.
SignedSamuel Revans
SignedW. Mein Smith
SignedPer N. Levin .
SignedJas. Parker.
SignedA. W. Shand .
SignedAbraham Hort , senr.
SignedWm. Bushell.
SignedH. W. Petre .
SignedF. Logan.
SignedR. Barton.
Signed– Cameron, per Angus Cameron .
SignedT. F. Drake.
SignedEdward Catchpool .
SignedFrancis Bradey .
SignedRobert Glasgow .
SignedD. S. Durie .
SignedGeo. Compton.
SignedH. St. Hill.
SignedF. A. Weld.
SignedC. Clifford (per F. A. Weld).
SignedJas. Boddington.
SignedH. S. Harrison .
SignedKen. Mathieson.
Signedper N. Levin.
SignedEdward Daniell .
SignedRidgway, Hickson and Co.
SignedCharles Sharp.
SignedThos. Northwood.
SignedRobert Stokes.
SignedKenneth Bethune .
SignedR. J. Deighton .
SignedRichard Baker .
SignedGeorge Hunter.
SignedA. Hornbrook.
SignedRobert Park.
SignedJames Blyth .
SignedA. de Bathe Brandon.
SignedW. B. Rhodes .
SignedRobert Roger Strang .
SignedNat. Sutherland.
SignedWm. Swainson, F.R.S.
SignedWm. Fitzherbert.
SignedI. E. Featherston .
SignedJ. H. Wallace .
SignedRobert Waitt .
SignedJohn Dorset .
SignedWm. Dorset.
N.Z. Journal, 21/2/1849, p. 40.
Many letters touching on land matters were written by the settlers to the Editor of the “N.Z. Journal” and other publications. Extracts from one are given as follows:—
“I have seen the Chief Land Commissioner, who informs me the only available land near this is at Wanganui.… I was introduced to Mr. Tollemache, who is one of the largest landowners in New Zealand, both in the Northern Island and the Wairau, and he tells me that he has visited every district in New Zealand and knows them well, and that he gives the preference to Otago.”
“On the 1st of July, 1840,” states
The Address was couched in the most loyal terms, but continues Wakefield, “appealed against the imputation upon their allegiance displayed by Lieut. Shortland's proceedings. It humbly expressed the hope of the settlers that His Excellency would decide upon fixing the seat of Government at a spot so admirably adapted for it as Port Nicholson, and among the great body of the respectable colonists from England.”
“The ‘Platina,’ which had brought Governor Hobson's wooden house, and some more stores for the Company, arrived on the 6th. Colonel Wakefield had therefore to obtain the instructions of the Lieut. Governor as to the destination of his residence. It was hoped that in answer to the concluding paragraph of the Address, His Excellency would send back word to have it erected in Wellington in readiness for his arrival amongst us. The “Platina” brought
On the 19th of August, 1840 a public meeting was held at Barrett's unfinished hotel, to receive the answer of Captain Hobson to the Address of the Colonists.
Colonel Wakefield stated the results of of his mission of which a brief summary will suffice.
The assurance of Governor Hobson's friendly feelings towards the settlers, and praise for their expressions of loyalty and support; his refusal to reside at Port Nicholson on account of his sense of public duty inducing him to select “a more central position”, and one more adapted for internal communication.
Speeches were made at the meeting expressive of the great pleasure at the reply of the Lieut-Governor, and thanking Colonel Wakefield for his energetic advocacy of their interests.
A series of resolutions was passed, stating their grievances, and it was agreed that a memorial embodying these resolutions should be prepared and presented to the Governor of New South Wales by a deputation, to consist of Dr. Evans, Mr. Hanson and Mr. Moreing. The meeting also recommended the appointment of
Meanwhile, the little village of Britannia was growing.
The Engineering and mill-wright business of
Also about this time a society called the Union Benefit Society was formed, the second meeting being held on the 13th July, 1840.
Arrangements were made for a Post Office Mail to be made up for the first time on Monday the 13th July, at 8 a.m. from Thorndon, and a return mail from Britannia to Thorndon at 1 p.m. Rates were 2d. per letter and one penny for newspapers. Mr. Paton was in charge at Thorndon, and Mr. Hunter at Britannia. When unfavourable weather prevented the delivery of mail by boat, it was to be despatched on foot.
One day Messrs. A. Hort and
Shortly after this (25th August, 1840), a fatal accident occurred at Pito-one, when a boat party of twelve persons were within a hundred yards of the beach. The boat was upset, and though they were in less than seven feet of water, only three survived the accident.
These were
Mr. Allen's boat had arrived at the same time, and passed the surf in safety, on the same day.
Coglan's boat was upset at the end of the beach, nearly two miles from the shore.
Mr. Collett launched his boat successfully and after great excertions, rescued the sufferers, who were insensible at the time.
The boats were all under sail, running before a strong south-east wind, which occasioned a very heavy surf on the beach.
Natives assisted the Europeans in bringing the bodies to the shore. The names of the natives were “N.Z. Gazette,” 29th August, 1840.
A large concourse of people attended the funeral on the 27th, at which the Revs. John Macfarlane and J. G. Butler officiated. The bodies were interred at the east end of Pinto-one Pa, near the beach. A fenced enclosure, within the Gear Company's grounds, planted with shrubs and flowers, and well kept by the employees of the Gear Meat Company, marks the spot. Wharepouri, the fighting chief of Ngauranga and relation of This is depicted in Brees' sketch of Ngauranga. The Writer visited the Petone (Pito-one) enclosure early in January, 1929, and was informed by some of the men employed there, that an agreement was made by the purchasers of the land, that no building would be erected on the sacred spot.
The Pickwick Club held a meeting to consider the erection of a Tombstone in memory of members
The sad event cast a gloom over the community, and the Council meetings were postponed until October.
A few more settlers arrived in the “Coromandel,” 780 tons, commanded by Captain French, due to leave Gravesend on the 13th December, 1839. and arrived in August, 1840.
The following names appeared on the ship's register:——J. and A. Annear; T. C. Butler; E. Cherry The names marked with an asterisk were crossed out.
Brett's Early History of New Zealand and “N.Z. Journal,” 27/2/1841, quoted other names, viz:—Major Baker; Dr. Beardmore; Messrs.
The “Coromandel” called at Sydney and brought 200 sheep, 20 bullocks, and 4 horses from Australia.
Major Baker had been on a visit to Sydney to appear in an action brought against him by Captain Pearson, of the “Integrity,” for his imprisonment of the latter while Police Magistrate under the provisional Government.
Another sad fatality occurred, casting a gloom over the settlement, when
“Boats are sailing majestically over the bay, while those anchored off ride proudly on the water. A mighty roar is heard, and you look towards the direction of the entrance of the harbour, whence the sound appears to proceed, and you literally see the wind bending the trees on the mountain sides and tearing up the waves in its strength, while at the same time the water is smooth near you, and not a breath of wind fans your face; but the noise is warning enough. The sails in every boat are taken in with the utmost rapidity and every exertion is made to reach the land as quickly as possible. Sometimes it reaches the boats before they can secure themselves on shore, and they have then to pass through a dangerous surf which threatens to dash the boat in pieces.
“This wind will perhaps last for two or three days, tearing the roof of some of the houses, or, owing to the want of bricks, blowing the flames of the fires to the rush walls, and in a few minutes the building is levelled to the ground.
“There has been one fire (Cornish Row) in which about 14 houses were burnt in the space of twenty minutes.
“We have our fire detached from our dwelling. It was well we took the precaution, as we have had our cooking hut twice burnt down. But experience makes us all the wiser, and we line all round the fireplace with the stiffest clay we can procure, and find that the most effectual remedy.
“We have a few hours more of calm, and the wind as suddenly rises from the N. W. but, as we are partly protected by the thick forest in which we reside, the wind is not so much felt by us. The soil is luxuriant in the extreme, and the denseness of the forest is such that you cannot penetrate it, except by cutting your way through it. We had to pass the winter in only temporary dwellings, and as there was a great deal of rain, and the river overflowed several times, we were up to our knees in water for some hours, and it was not till the Firm* erected a large house they brought out with them and raised it on piles, that we were safe from the floods.
“These floods will eventually be put a stop to when the land is given out, as steps will be taken to bank up the river
“The river has one of the most picturesque appearances you can imagine, winding' through the valley, its banks overhanging with shrubs and trees which are evergreen.
“The river is not easily navigable, as, in consequence of the floods, immense trees are lodged in its bed, sometimes reaching entirely across, and thus stopping its course, and after heavy rains forcing the water over the banks. The river abounds with fine eels and other fish. The natives around us do not feel any jealousy at our clearing the ground, but will assist, for a trifle, to raise our houses, and as they have been uniformly treated with kindness by us, neither Ann nor myself can pass by them, even at a distance, without their either running after us to shake hands with us and calling after us in their language, ‘Nuce, nuce kapai wyhena an tarna Catchpool’ (‘Very, very good man Catchpool and his wife’).
“Indeed, such is the faith we have in them that we hesitate not to leave them to take care of our house in our absence for fear the ‘Kakmo Packakas’ (‘bad white man’) may rob us.
“Here is a lesson for us. While we cannot trust our fellow countrymen, we rely with confidence in the good faith of savages, so called, who have, undoubtedly, at one time been cannibals.
“Nearly all the emigrants have treated them well. It is principally from the runaway sailors that they experience any annoyances.
“In consequence of the site of the town (of Britannia) being changed to the opposite side of the bay (Thorndon), owing to the floods, the natives endeavour by all the arguments they can to induce us to remain, and some of the females even cry at the idea of Ann and myself leaving them.
“They promise us ground to cultivate and will give us potatoes and pork if we will but remain. But, at present, I cannot decide, as circumstances must sway me, as you will learn below from the melancholy recital. I have now to inform you that as Uncle Hopper was bringing some sawn timber down the river, the boat struck against a piece of sunken timber, and as he was standing in the bow of the boat, he was thrown forward, and though Mr. Petre and two men were in the boat, and every exertion made to rescue him, it was too late, his body was in the water nearly a quarter of an hour before taken out; though medical assistance and stimulants were applied, his life had fled.
“An inquest was held by the magistrate, Mr. Murphy, who was also requested to inspect Uncle Edward's papers, and after considerable trouble we found a copy of his will, by which
“I have directed the letter to Pilcher to you, as I thought it not improbable that he might have moved.… I sent a letter some time back to Sydney by a person going there, for
Removal from Pito-one to Thorndon—A Quarrel at
The pioneers of the Port Nicholson settlement were nothing if not thorough; and when they discovered that they had made a mistake, they made it their first business to correct it. Thus they landed first at Pito-one; and at Pito-one, in the teeth of wind and weather and all possibilities of the extravagance of both, it was decided to form the settlement. Here, accordingly, Captain Smith and his assistants of the “Cuba” laid off the township. Here, too, that honourable corporation, the Union Bank of Australia, first opened its doors in New Zealand. But it was speedily, and for obvious reasons, decided that Pito-one was not the proper place of settlement, and a move was made over the harbour. With due solemnity the bank safe was floated over on a raft. Again those gallant pioneers went to work. They had strong faith in their fortunes and their own right arms, and they decided at once that Britannia was to be a town of import. Later the whole urban area of Wellington was carefully surveyed and plans were drawn.
The New Zealand Gazette (19/9/40) refers thus to the move to Thorndon:— “Our fellow colonists are now busily engaged in removing to ‘Britannia’ and building and enclosing land there, and we are convinced their labours will not prove unprofitable. We hope are long they will have some of their time at command, and we are sure they will not be slow to undertake the several measures of a public kind which ought to be brought into active operation. Among them we would mention the Library, School, Savings Bank and Temperance Society as entitled to their earliest attention.”
Since the arrival of the Government authorities the natives of the
“Whereas certain persons residing at Port Nicholson, N.Z., part of the dominions of Her Majesty Queen Victoria, did, on the evening of yesterday, assemble with arms at a native pah named Tarinaki.
“Now, therefore, I
Willoughby Shortland , a Magistrate and Colonial Secretary of N.Z., do caution all persons from assembling under arms on any pretence whatever, without being duly authorised so to do, upon the allegiance they owe to Her Majesty Queen Victoria.“Given under my hand, at Port Nicholson, this 27th day of August, 1840.
Colon. Sec. and Chief Magistrate.” ,Willoughby Shortland
This, as well as other matters, did not serve to increase the Colonial Secretary's popularity, and the following extract from a letter written to England by one of the leading men of the Port, shows that Lieut. Shortland had not spared the attempt to injure the settlement more seriously.
Wakefield writes: — “Mr Shortland, during the short time he has been here, has made himself universally disliked by a sort of quarter-deck assumption of authority, which does not go down with the class of people residing here; but he is still more disliked on account of many covert attempts to entice away the labourers of this place. Thanks to our exertions and those of the Colonel, he has been almost entirely unsuccessful, except in one solitary instance.”
Referring to cases of misdemeanour,
“The Bench of Magistrates had been particularly remarkable for its summary infliction of large fines in almost every case brought before them.
Five or ten pounds were very often required in cases of common assault, and from three to five pounds for drunkenness and breach of the peace.
Complaints of the arbitrary nature of the proceedings were often made; but then, no one knew how to get them investigated, and money was plentiful in those early days.
One man, a drunken, foul-mouthed bullock driver from a neighbouring Colony, was a frequent contributor to the public revenues. He was an excellent hand at his profession (a flourishing one then) and made good money, which he spent in drinking large doses of ardent spirits.
His predilection was interfered with by the magistrates and constables; he paid his fines regularly, but the manner of inflicting them seemed to offend him,
and he took his own means of revenging himself. His team of bullocks were soon christened “Shortland,” “Smart,” “Best” and “Cole;” and he used to apply the coarsest epithets to them as he flogged them along. One day the Colonial Secretary, stately and pompous as usual, happened to pass the dray which they were dragging over the beach (Lambton Quay). Brutal threats to “cut Shortland's tail off if he didn't move on;” or to “whip his skin off” startled him in his promenade; and on turning suddenly round he beheld old “Sam” “whacking” his team. To the surprise of the spectators, the Chief Magistrate asked the bullock driver whether “he applied those expressions to him?”
Sam answered with an innocent grin, “I wasn't a speakin' to you; I'm a driving my bullocks; that's my business;” and the Colonial Secretary retreated from the scene, amid a loud repetition of the most frightful imprecations, threats and mockery of the bullocks by their driver. A crowd of the lower classes roared with laughter during the whole scene.
He changed the names of his bullocks according to those of the magistrates who fined him. “Colonel,” “Murphy,” “Halswell,” etc., were subsequently substituted for the first offenders, as fresh magistrates sat on the bench.” (“Wakefield's Adventures in N.Z.,” p. 264.)
An agreement with the natives of the Pa Taranaki (
The “N.Z. Gazette,” 29/8/1840, gives the names of the principal signatories:—“Ngaponga, Teawitu, Parai Paipe, Ponike, Rarauke, Tewata, Pukahu, Tangihaera, Terangaianho, Ohiro, Taku Tekuwau, Tetapi, Tuware. Signed:
The newspapers now published various restrictions, which were being enforced in the settlement, for the colonists were warned, by an announcement appearing in the Gazette of the 5th September, 1840, that firing guns about the beach (Lambton Quay) was prohibited, the penalty for doing so being a fine of £5 imposed on the offenders.
Another notice was issued on the 19th September, 1840, ordering keepers of licensed public houses to erect signs and lamp-posts upon, and in front, of them.
Reference was also made to the inconvenience caused to persons settling in various parts of the town, by the fact that the streets were not being permanently named.
A club named the Wakefield Club, in honour of Colonel Wakefield, was formed. The original members were about twenty in number; a small house to meet in was bought from a settler who had squatted in a nook among the hills overlooking the town soon after erecting it on his town section close to the water's edge. The entrance fee was £25 and the yearly subscription £5.
Miss Tilke, who arrived by the “Adelaide” under the care of Mrs. Evans, wife of Dr. Evans, has the honour of being the first to open and conduct a regular
Within 6 weeks of his arrival from Sydney, Mr. Charles Grace, who arrived by the “Lady Lilford,” March 16th, 1840, and who was the first male teacher of the Port Nicholson Settlement, advertised in the N.Z. Gazette his intention of opening a school. This school was opened on Monday, October 5th, in one of the wooden buildings belonging to the N.Z. Company on Thorndon Flat.
Inn keepers were doing a thriving trade at this period, for there were no less than five situated at Britannia (Thorndon) and the same number at Pito-one, to assuage the intense thirst of some of the inhabitants.
This list of licensed hotels appeared in the “N.Z. Gazette” and “Britannia Spectator” 10th October, 1840:—
Those at Britannia (Thorndon) were:
“Barrett's Hotel” (Hotel Cecil site), Britannia.
“Durham Arms.”
“George Inn.”
“Thistle Inn.”
“Queen's Head.”
“New Zealander” (R. Jenkins).
“Lambton Tavern.”
Those situated at Pito-one were:—
“Britannia Hotel.”
“Caledonian Tavern.”
“Plough Inn.”
“Australian Inn.”
“Port Nicholson Hotel and Tavern.”
On the 12th October Mr. Murphy issued a prohibition against the cutting of wood by sawyers without the permission of the owner of the land. This partial recognition of the title of the settlers, so necessary to prevent the great devastation which was now progressing in all the timbered lands within a few miles from the town, had been steadily refused by the Colonial Secretary, who used to tell the applicants “that they were all squatters—that they had no more right to the timber than the sawyers, until the Crown had granted a title to the land, and that he expected shortly to receive orders to eject them from the Crown lands.”
During the building of the town, so great had been the demand for sawn timber, and so high the price paid in consequence, that the sawyers, paying nothing for their logs, used to earn enough in two days to remain idle and drunk the other five. Reckless in their destruction of the forest, they cut down only the best trees, and often left a log untouched after it was felled, in order to take some other which would fall in a more convenient position. They lived a wild life on the outskirts of the settlement, and their forest huts afforded shelter to the sailors who deserted their ships and to many worse characters.
The New Zealand Gazette and Britannia Spectator, dated 24th October, 1840, gives a detailed account of a great event, i.e., the opening of Barrett's Hotel (Hotel Cecil site). The following persons were present:—Mr. George Hunter, chairman; Messrs. J. Wade and D. Riddiford, croupiers; Captain Hodges, Major Hornbrook, Dr. Johnston, Dr. Taylor, Captain Williams, Messrs.
Queen Victoria, Mr. George Hunter.
Prince Albert, Mr. John Wade.
Her Majesty's Ministers, Mr. S. Revans.
Army and Navy, Mr. Hunter (Air: “Rule Britanina). Lieut. Governor and prosperity to N.Z. (Song: “Home, Sweet Home”).
Health to Col. Wakefield and success to the New Zealand Company (drunk 3 times 3 and “one cheer more.” (Song: “Merry Month of May”), John Wade.
The Land of our Fathers, Mr. Guyton (loud cheers and “
Dr. Taylor proposed the health of Mr. George Hunter (Musical honours and loud applause, and song (“The fine old English Gentleman”).
Sir Geo. Gipps and Australia, Mr. Revans (Cheers).
Commercial and Agricultural Interests of N. Z., Mr. Guyton (3 times 3 loud cheers).
Pretty Maids, Merry Wives and Buxom Widows of Port Nicholson, Mr. Geo. Hunter, followed by a glee “Here's a health to all good lassies.”
Whaling and Marine Interests of N.Z. Song: “Light of other Days,” Captain le Grand.
Press of Port Nicholson, Mr. D. Riddiford (cheers). Mr. Revans returned thanks and proposed the compositors. Mr. Yates acknowledged.
The Croupiers, Mr. Bethune.
Dr. Evans and
Captains of the vessels in Port, Mr. Hair.
Other toasts followed, and the party broke up, highly delighted with the unanimity of feeling which had been manifested. The dinner was laid out with great taste by Mr. Barrett's deputy, Thos. Elvidge.
The inhabitants of the settlement received a shock about a month after the jollification at Barrett's, when it was discovered that one of the passengers of an incoming emigrant ship was ill with smallpox. A quarantine-tent was erected on the East side of the harbour (Oriental Bay), the necessary precautions were taken, the sick one was cured by the Company's surgeon, and the disease spread no further.
The Directors of the Company signified to their principal agent their earnest wish that the town founded on the shores of Lambton Harbour might be named after the Duke of Wellington, in order to commemorate the important support which His Grace had lent to the cause of colonization in general… and by his strenuous and successful defence against its enemies of the measure for colonizing South Australia. The settlers took up the view of the Directors with great cordiality, and the new name was at once adopted.
The newspaper now took the final title of the “New Zealand Gazette and Wellington Spectator.” With reference to the
“We appear for the second time written a few months under a modified title, but we trust our friends will not consider it typical of our character. When we first issued our journal, the name and the site of the town were alike uncertain, we therefore abstained from using a special designation. The time arrived when the site of the town was surveyed and its name declared, and we adopted the one and rescinded the other at our earliest convenience.”
The anniversary of St. Andrew's Day was commemorated by a picnic held at Glenlyon, Mr.
On the 12th December, 1840, the ship “London” arrived from England with 200 passengers. Among the latter was
The ship “London,” 700 tons, commanded by Captain H. Shuttleworth, sailed from Gravesend on the 13th August, 1840, and arrived in January, 1841, with 119 adults, 68 children under fourteen, and 10 under the age of one.
Six births and four deaths occurred on board.
The passenger list is as follows:—
Christmas Day, 1840, was celebrated in the good old English style. Fat bullocks were slaughtered and dressed with evergreens, and festivities were held.
Monseigneur Pompalier, the Roman Catholic Bishop of New Zealand, visited Wellington and performed Mass.
On Thursday, 31st December, a public meeting was held at the Queen's Hotel to establish a Working Men's Association for the purpose of acquiring useful knowledge by the means of a library, discussions, and lectures. The members of the committee were Messrs.
During the year a number of ships carrying passengers and cargo arrived in the harbour.
The names of some of these were obtained from various sources, such as the newspapers and almanacs of the day, Brett's Early N.Z., Cyclopedia of N.Z., Vol. 1, and from autobiographical notes. In some cases the information is incomplete, so the writer does not vouch for its full authenticity.
“David” (Capt. Robinson), Messrs. Daniell, Archdeacon Stock, Jas.
“Delhi” (Capt. Herbert). Capt. Simpson, Messrs. Lett, Whittaker,
“Hannah” (90 tons). Mr. Machattie.
“Helena” (
“Lady Lilford.” Dr. Campbell, Mrs. Smith, Mr. Mclnnes, Messrs. Grace and James Watt.
“Hope.”
“Integrity” (220 tons). Messrs. Brown, G. and J. Wade, and Mrs. McLiver.
“Middlesex” (564 tons). Messrs. Hair, Rawson,
“Navarino” (Capt. Naylor). Messrs. Symonds, White, Brown and ten steerage passengers.
“Nimrod.” Capt. Hay and lady, Messrs. Heather and family,
“Royal Merchant.” Messrs. A. Duncan senr. and junr., and
The passengers arriving by the “Brougham” in 1840 were Messrs.
First Anniversay Celebrations—Regatta—Horse Racing—Arrival of the “Slains Castle”—Governor Hobson—Cricket—Arrival of the “Lady Nugent”—Exchange—Court Scenes—Municipal Corporation—Arrival of the “
The New Year of 1841 was saluted by the ringing of bells, firing of cannon, and hoisting of flags. One of the attractions that day was an invitation to the general public given by Wade brothers, to journey to Evans Bay and attend a cattle sale at their stock yards. A good many people availed themselves of the opportunity, and partook of the cold collation served up at noon.
It was determined towards the end of the year to celebrate the first arrival of the settlers, on the 22nd January, by an anniversary fete. So favourable was the state of affairs in the settlement, and so bright were prospects for the future, that everybody joined heartily in this idea. The harvest was in progress in the Hutt Valley, consisting chiefly of potatoes, as a good cleaning crop for the newly-cleared land. The samples of wheat and barley produced in some small cleared patches promised an equally good return under a grain crop.
The rapid improvement of the condition of sheep and cattle on the natural pasturage of the hills south and southeast of the town, was no less remarkable. The fern, through which the settlers used to ride up to the knees of the horses, had been trodden down in many places, and grasses had sprung up in its place.
During the year 119 vessels had entered and 112 vessels had left the Port. The white population already amounted to 2,500 persons; and there were nearly 200 houses erected in a town of which the inhabitants had been in possession but four months.
18,000 acres of rural land had been selected by the end of the year. Out of the whole community only 25 men were on the Company's hands, pursuant to their engagement to employ labouring
The prosperous state of the working-classes did not fail to show itself by their very obstinate, but inoffensive, determination to have a share in the arrangement of the forthcoming festival.
The democracy and aristocracy of the Port could not agree about the persons to be appointed as a committee of management for the celebrations, so, after many days' good-humoured dispute, it was decided to hold two festivals on different days, to be called the “Popular” and the “Select” fete.
The “Selects” gave a subscription ball at Barrett's Hotel on the night of the 22nd; the stormy weather having prevented any out-door amusements. On Saturday, the 23rd, a rowing match took place in the harbour under their auspices, but a sailing match was abandoned in consequence of an accident to
The “Populars” presented an extensive bill of fare for Monday, the 25th. The weather was fine. A spirited race between two whale boats round the vessels at anchor started the proceedings.
Then came a hurdle race by four horses over some level ground at the back of Te Aro Pa (Taranaki St.) for a purse of fifteen guineas, and the name of “Calmuck Tartar,” ridden by
Ten entered for this event. Diversions such as jumping in sacks, wheeling barrows blindfolded, climbing a greasy pole, finished the day in a right merry manner.
A “Popular” ball, joined by most of the aristocrats, was given in the evening at one of the large wooden stores being erected on
The natives had not been forgotten. An ample feast of rice and sugar, which was a dainty dish with them, had been provided, and a prize in money was held out as an inducement for a canoe race, which did not eventuate. Wakefield's Adventure in N.Z. and N.Z. Gazette.
The “Slains Castle,” commanded by
The passenger list is as follows:—
|
Name | Age | Wife's Age | No. of Children | |
Allen, John (widower) | 35 | — | 1 | |
| Ashworth, Thos. and Mary Did not embark.
20 | 28 | 1 | |
Baron, Geo. and Helen | 40 | 41 | 3 | |
Baron, Geo., Junior | 19 | — | — | |
Barrow, Louiza | 20 | — | — | |
| Binns, Chas . and Sarah35 | 35 | — | |
Blake, Geo. and Sarah | 38 | 35 | 6 | |
| Boysen, Peter and Jane29 | 37 | 2 | |
Brungar, Geo. | 24 | — | 1 | |
| Brungar, Mary — | 22 | — | |
Burkett, Benjamen | 38 | — | 3 | |
| Burkett, Mary — | 35 | — | |
Butler, Jas. Henry | 24 | — | 1 | |
Butler, Martha | — | 25 | — | |
| Carley, Ann Maria 29 | — | — | |
| Chisholm, Adam 30 | — | — | |
| Did not embark.
Clarke, Stephen and wife33 | 28 | 3 | |
| Cochran, Thomas 26 | — | — | |
| Cochran, Maria — | 26 | — | |
| Collins, Jas . and Ann30 | 30 | 4 | |
| Cormack, John 21 | — | — | |
Crouther, Thos. | 31 | — | 4 | |
| Crouther, Judith — | 30 | — | |
| Cruikshank, Marg .30 | — | 1 | |
Cutting, H. House | 25 | — | 1 | |
Cutting, Hannah | — | 23 | — | |
Day, William | 20 | — | — | |
| Dingle, James 22 | — | — | |
| Downie, Jane 19 | — | — | |
| Dyer, Rob and Eliza— | 32 | — | |
Eglington, Benza | 32 | — | 4 | |
| Eglington, Eliza — | 32 | — | |
Fairbrass, Thos. | 21 | — | 1 | |
| Fairbrass, Ann — | 21 | — | |
| Fairbrass, Mary 20 | — | — | |
Fellingham, Geo. | 23 | — | 1 | |
| Fellingham, Rebecca — | 25 | — | |
| Fisher, Jas . and Harriet39 | 38 | 4 | |
Floyd, Thos. and Caroline | 23 | 20 | 1 | |
| Forbes, Rob and Mary35 | 30 | 6 | |
Goodwin, Hen. and Eliz. | 49 | 43 | 4 | |
| Goodwin, Elizabeth 18, Jas.21 | — | — | |
| Grant, Jas. and Janet 28 | 26 | 1 | |
| Greenwood, William 33 | — | 3 | |
| Greenwood, Martha — | 32 | — | |
Hair, Wm. and Margt. | 40 | 28 | 3 | |
Hammersdorff | 26 | — | — | |
| Harris, Eleanor 21 | — | — | |
| Harris, Samuel 24 | — | — | |
Heese, A. A. (Albert) | 27 | — | — | |
| Heese, Pauline — | 23 | — | |
Hickman, J. and Eliza | 25 | 27 | 1 | |
| Hodge, John 26 | — | — | |
Hood, Augustus | 20 | — | — | |
Jackson, J. and Martha | 22 | 24 | — | |
Jones, Thos. and Mary | 38 | 37 | 2 | |
| Keiller, Jas . and Mary31 | 21 | 2 | |
| Kerney, John and Ellen30 | 28 | 2 | |
| Kilgour, Alexander 45 | — | 4 | |
| Kilgour, Margaret — | 35 | — | |
Kilgour, Infant, died 1/10/'40 | — | — | — | |
| Kilgour, John 18 | — | — | |
| Lakeman, William 29 | — | — | |
| Lakeman, Martha — | 29 | — | |
| Leathart, Chas .34 | — | — | |
| Leathart, Claudia — | 33 | — | |
| Lockett, Jonas and wife23 | 23 | 1 | |
Lockett, Infant, died off Gravesend, 12/9/'40 | — | — | — | |
| Lockett, Eliza 17 | — | — | |
| Marshall, Henry 25 | — | — | |
| McIntosh, Isabella 20 | — | — | |
| Medwin, William 37 | — | — | |
| Menzies, John and Grace28 | 26 | — | |
Merrix, H. and Martha | 26 | 29 | — | |
Miller, Jas. and Ann | 43 | 44 | 5 | |
| Minzies, Alex .41 | — | — | |
| Mortimer, Jas . Andrew20 | — | — | |
| Mortimer, Caroline 18 | — | — | |
Nathan, Heny. and Jane | 26 | 25 | 1 | |
| Neil, Caroline 19 | — | — | |
| Norton, Chas . James27 | — | 3 | |
| Norton, Ann — | 24 | — | |
| Osborne, Mary 21 | — | — | |
Palmer, Richd. and Eliza | 27 | 27 | — | |
| Parker, Thomas 21 | — | — | |
| Pote, Wm . and Betsy27 | 27 | — | |
| Ramsbottom, Thos 31 | — | 1 | |
| Ramsbottom, Ann — | 32 | — | |
Richards, Jos. Manuel | 27 | — | 2 | |
| Richards, Ann — | 27 | — | |
| Riley, John and Cath29 | 37 | 3 | |
| Roche, Thos. and Eliza 27 | 27 | 1 | |
Roots, John and Mary | 40 | 36 | 1 | |
Schmidt, J. (widower) | 58 | — | — | |
| Schmidt, Sarah , 24; Mary22 | — | — | |
| Schmidt, Martha 20 | — | — | |
| Seear, Wm . J. and Mary25 | 25 | 1 | |
| Sharpe, Mary 21 | — | — | |
| Sharpe, Harriet 16 | — | — | |
Squib, Chas. Henry | 39 | — | 3 | |
Squib, Elizabeth | — | 37 | — | |
Squib, Elizabeth Harriet | 19 | — | — | |
Squib, Ann Sophia | 15 | — | — | |
Squib, Margaret | 14 | — | — | |
| Stevens, Jas . and Mary25 | 26 | — | |
| Stewart, John 25 | — | — | |
| Susans, Thomas 48 | — | 5 | |
| Susans, Elizabeth — | 40 | — | |
| Sutton, Wm . and Ann37 | 30 | — | |
| Teague, Samuel 25 | — | — | |
| Turner, Robert 21 | — | 1 | |
| Turner, Agnes — | 24 | — | |
| Vincent, Wm . Ed.17 | — | — | |
Walker, George | 23 | — | — | |
| Walters, John 29 | — | 3 | |
| Walters, Marion — | 24 | 2 | |
| Warburton, Thomas 21 | — | — | |
| “Not here,” recorded against name. | |
| Westwood, James 20 | — | |
| Wheeler, Robert 34 | — | 1 | |
| Wheeler, Sarah — | 23 | — | |
| Wight, David and Mary24 | 27 | 3 | |
| Willmore, Thos. 39 | — | 4 | |
| Willmore, Susannah — | 26 | — | |
| Willmore, Thos. (Junr.) 16 | — | — |
Adolph Hammersdorf was put ashore at Deal, off Beachy Head, on the 17th September, as his thigh bone was fractured on the 16th.James Cooper and
James Weanell were taken on board at Blackwell at Mr. Alton's request.Letter to J. Pirie and Co.:—
“I am happy to inform you of the safe arrival here on the 25th inst., of the “Slains Castle”—all well—having only lost four infants under twelve months old and having five births.”
(Signed) Capt. Petrie ,
“Slains Castle,” ,
Port Nicholson29/1/'41 .
An estimate of the native character is given by Mr. William Hay, who writes thus from Port Nicholson, February 11th, 1841:—
…“I have got one quarter of an acre of ground, for which I pay £7.… The natives throw European people into the shade, both for honour, honesty and religion. Every morning, as duly as the sun rises, they assemble at their chapel, and we are generally awakened with the sound of hymn singing, and on Sabbath they attend the Missionary chapel from morning till night.…”
On Monday, 15th February, 1841, an important meeting took place at Barrett's Hotel. Mr. Geo. Butler Earp was voted to the chair. After his address, explanatory of the objects of the meeting,
“That Lieut.-Governor Hobson has systematically neglected his duty to Her Majesty's subjects settled at Port Nicholson.
“That His Excellency's recent attempt to deprive this settlement of its skilled labour by inducing mechanics and artificers to leave it and enter into the employment of the Government at Auckland, is calculated to inflict serious injury upon the settlement.
“That the annexed petition to the Queen be forwarded to England, and presented to Her Majesty, stating the above-mentioned grievances, and praying Her Majesty for protection and the recall of the Lieutenant-Governor.”
These motions were seconded by
Mr. Hanson appeared at the head of a more moderate party, and read an address in the form of a petition to both Houses of Parliament, praying for redress. Amongst such an assemblage, there could be but little doubt of the result, and the original motion was finally carried with acclamation. “N.Z. Journal,” October 16th, 1841, p. 258.
The causes which led to the meeting are briefly summarised as follows:—
The removal of the army of thirty soldiers. The alleged crimping methods to induce newly arrived emigrants to proceed to Auckland for work. The issue of an official notice warning persons not to settle or occupy land at Taranaki or Whanganui under land orders from the N.Z. Company, as such had not been conveyed by the Crown; and other matters relating to Auckland and the Bay of Islands. The petition, with numerous signatures attached to it. was forwarded to Valparaiso by the “Cuba” on the second of March.
At the end of February the “Chelydra” sailed for Auckland with the troops and the crimped mechanics, who were allowed a free passage among other inducements.
Cricket enthusiasts now got into action, for the “N.Z. Gazette and Wellington Spectator” announced the formation of a cricket club in their issue of the 20th February, 1841. Games were played at Thorndon Flat.
The “Blenheim,” commanded by
The H.M.S. “Favourite” again entered the harbour on the 3rd March, 1841, having on board as passengers, Lady Franklin, the wife of the Governor of Van Dieman's Land, and her suite. Lady Franklin was completing her tour of the Australasian Colonies by a visit to the different settlements in New Zealand. She resided, during her short stay here, in the house of Colonel Wakefield (old site of the Vice-Regal residence), which
Before her departure, a congratulatory address was presented to her Ladyship by a deputation from the settlers, with allusions to her literary and scientific acquirements, and to the friendly feeling displayed towards the settlers by Sir John.
The sloop made the passage from Hobart Town to Port Nicholson in ten days.
The “Lady Nugent,” 600 tons, commanded by Captain Martin, sailed from Gravesend October, 1840, and arrived in March, 1841, with 41 married couples, 29 single men, 16 single women, 49 children under fourteen, 5 under seven. 6 births and 21 deaths occurred on board.
The Passenger List is as follows:—
Deaths recorded on the New Zealand copy of the Register:—
Two children of Mr. and Mrs. Bevan.
One child of Mr. and Mrs. Bolton.
One child of Mr. and Mrs. Bowman.
One child of Mr. and Mrs. Brungar.
Eliza Collier died of Marasmus, 9th December.
Mary Gray died 14th January, 1841.
One child of Mr. and Mrs. Keiller.
One child of Mr. and
One child of Mr. and
John Prince, 12th December, 1840.
Amongst the passengers was
A wooden building of some pretensions in point of architecture was erected at
The steam mill company erected their mill upon an acre of Mr. Riddiford's, adjoining the acre upon which the store of Messrs. Rhodes and Co. and the Gazette office stood. Captain Rhodes erected a wharf in front of his store in the rear of Manners Street (about Cuba St.). This was the first wharf built in Wellington, was substantial and had four feet at low and nine feet at high water. The public used it free of expense.
Messrs. Waitt and Tinline, in conjunction with Messrs. Partridge and Co., ran a jetty out from their stores in Old Customhouse Street. Another wharf was to be erected in front of Barrett's Hotel at the expense of several enterprising residents of Thorndon Flat.
On Monday, 21st March. 1841, a public meeting was held at Barrett's Hotel, in order to take steps necessary to protect the public from the outrages of the Police establishment. Mr. Earp was in the chair, and Messrs. Wade, Waitt,
Complaints had been made of the use of pistols and handcuffs, and ruffianly dragging to the lock-up, on unfounded charges, by the police constables.
About this time four gentlemen were appointed Magistrates of the Territory. These were Colonel Wakefield, Mr. Geo. Hunter, Mr. Henry St. Hill and
In connection with this affair a report appeared in the “New Zealand Gazette and Wellington Spectator” of the 3rd May, 1841:—
“Dr. Evans took his seat in the bench on Wednesday last, when the following conversation, we understand, took place between the learned doctor and Mr. Murphy.
“‘Is it your intention to sit here in your Magisterial capacity?’
“Dr. Evans: ‘Such is my intention.’
“Mr. Murphy: ‘Then, sir, in consequence of the proceedings of a public meeting and a letter used in the paper last week, I shall be compelled to leave my seat.’
“Dr. Evans: ‘You can do as you please, sir. It is my intention to sit here for the purpose of administering to the best of my ability, justice to the people.’
“Mr. Murphy then made the remarks quoted above.”
The public were now informed that temporary rooms of the Institute were at the store of Mr. Rob. Waitt, where the latest English, Australian and American newspapers and magazines would be found. The subscription was £2 2s. per annum.
Also at this time a public dinner, to mark the welcome accorded the separation of the Colony from New South Wales, was held at Barrett's Hotel on the 9th April, 1841.
Colonel Wakefield presided. Amongst those present were Messrs. R. Hanson, Geo. Hunter, Rev. Davy, Dr. Evans, Mr.
Two days later (the 21st of April, 1841) a very severe gale from the northwest was experienced. No damage occurred to the vessels in the excellent harbour. But the schooner “Jewess,” on her way to Whanganui, full of settlers and goods, was driven away from her anchorage at Kapiti, and totally wrecked on the beach near Pari Pari, after being cast on her beam ends in the attempt to make an offing. Two lives were lost. George Wade, of the two brothers who had been among the earliest to bring cattle and horses from Hobart-Town, and whose energy and perseverance had contributed much to the progress of the settlement in its younger days, was one of those lost. The other was the native chief “Wide-awake!”
The inhabitants of Wellington, anxious to secure the advantages of a Municipal Corporation, as proposed to be granted them by
The Kaiwharawhara road was completed by the Company's labourers on the 20th March, 1841.
Horses were now plentiful, and the new roads afforded delightful rides, a curious contrast being presented by the neat macadamised causeway, and the groups of workmen and wheelbarrows, among the primeval forest and wild scenery which they penetrated. At the Hutt, the cultivations and clearings looked cheerful and promising. From sixty to a hundred families were now permanently settled there. Neat cottages and luxuriant gardens appeared along the banks; the rich crop had induced many a doubting settler to clear some land, and the axe-men had begun to be a large and important class.
Cattle driving, too, on the pasture hills afforded exercise and excitement. Wakefield writes: “Owners of cattle brand their herd and let them run loose over the hills, and then drive them at a gallop into
The periodical stream of arrivals into Port Nicholson brightened the lives of friends, relatives and bystanders on the beach. Anxious eyes were concentrated on the ships as they disgorged their living freight. Tender embraces, fond hand clasps, and eager and endless enquiries assailed the newcomers. The latest ship to arrive was the “
|
Name | Age | Wife's Age | No. of Children | |
| Did not embark.
Adams, Eliza 22 | — | — | |
| Alexander, Don and wife22 | 27 | 3 | |
Anderson, John | 30 | — | — | |
| Anderson, Mary — | 28 | — | |
| Bezeek, George 35 | — | — | |
| Bould, Robert ,32 | — | 3 | |
| Bould, Anne — | 27 | — | |
Brown, Chas. | 23 | — | — | |
Brown, Daniel | 29 | — | 4 | |
Brown, Amelia | — | 27 | — | |
| Bruce, Alexander 35 | 35 | 4 | |
| Buroughs, Wm .39 | 38 | 2 | |
Butler, Thos. | 30 | — | 2 | |
Butler, Elizabeth | — | 27 | — | |
| Caines, Wm .27 | — | 3 | |
| Caines, Mary — | 26 | — | |
| Clifton, Richard 39 | — | 6 | |
| Clifton, Margaret — | 32 | — | |
Clout, John, | 27 | — | 4 | |
Clout, Mary | — | 29 | — | |
| Cooper, Samuel 40 | 35 | 4 | |
| Cornford, Joseph 42 | — | 1 | |
| Cornford, Mary — | 36 | — | |
Cornford, Car., 19; Thos., 15; | E. 17 | — | — | |
| Cottle, Chas .30 | 36 | 2 | |
| Christie, Wm .37 | 27 | 2 | |
| Craighead, Wm .29 | — | — | |
| Craighead, Susan Miller — | 28 | — | |
Crosbie, Thos. | 29 | — | 2 | |
| Crosbie, Isabella — | — | — | |
Cumming, David | 24 | — | — | |
Dew, William | 34 | — | 7 | |
Dew, Anne | —38 | — | |
Dew, Anne | 15 | — | — | |
| Dimond, John 39 | — | 5 | |
| Dimond, Judith — | 37 | — | |
Farmer, Alexander | 53 | — | 2 | |
Farmer, Euphemia | — | 45 | — | |
Farmer, Eliz., 18; Geo. | 15 | — | — | |
Farmer, Alexander (Jun.) | 22 | — | 1 | |
Farmer, Elizabeth | — | 23 | — | |
| Farrow, Sam 27 | — | 1 | |
| Farrow, Harriett — | 28 | — | |
| Fisher, James 39 | — | 4 | |
| Fisher, Harriett — | 38 | — | |
| Forrester, Wm .27 | — | — | |
| Forrester, Elizabeth — | 24 | — | |
| Francis, John 35 | — | — | |
| Francis, Frances — | 36 | — | |
| Francis, Jas . Swan, 18; Mary15 | — | — | |
| Francis, Stephen Swan 21 | — | — | |
| Franklyn, Edmund 28 | — | 1 | |
| Franklyn, Eliza — | 24 | — | |
| Gengoe, George 19 | — | — | |
| Green, Henry 40 | 38 | — | |
| Green, J., 17; F., 15; S., 29; and L. 17 | — | — | |
| Greenacre, Wm .39 | — | — | |
| Greenacre, Sarah — | 28 | — | |
| Grimaldi, Henry 26 | 21 | — | |
| Heffer, Worthington 28 | 27 | 3 | |
| Hopton, Robert 32 | — | 5 | |
| Hopton, Charlotte — | 29 | — | |
| Hornsley, Wm .28 | 26 | 4 | |
| Howell, John 37 | — | 5 | |
| Howell, Ann — | 29 | — | |
| Hubbard, Wm .36 | — | — | |
| Malcolm, Jane , 19; Isab.21 | — | — | |
Maxted, Geo. | 34 | — | 5 | |
| Maxted, Elizabeth — | 30 | — | |
| McHardie, Alex .33 | — | — | |
| Did not embark.
Melvin, Robert 49 | 48 | 3 | |
| Membury, Wm .35 | — | 6 | |
| Membury, Eliza — | 35 | — | |
| Membury, Wm . June, 16; Mary14 | — | — | |
Neighbours, — | 21 | — | — | |
| Nelson, Wm . Lunn35 | 34 | 5 | |
| Nelson, Benjamin 14 | — | — | |
| Parnacott, Joseph 39 | 40 | 3 | |
Parnacott, Jos. (Jun.) 18; Emma | 15 | — | — | |
| Philips, John 36 | — | — | |
| Philips, Catherine — | 38 | — | |
| Philips, Henry 14 | — | — | |
| Philips, Wm .24 | — | — | |
Piper, Thos. | 27 | — | 1 | |
Piper, Mary Anne | — | 24 | — | |
Potter, John | 25 | — | — | |
| Rider, Johnathan 24 | 26 | 2 | |
| Robertson, Alex .23 | 20 | — | |
| Roussell, John 26 | — | — | |
| Roussell, Edward 25 | — | — | |
| Rutter, Samuel 37 | — | 2 | |
| Rutter, Jane — | 27 | — | |
| Sainsbury, Anne 24 | — | — | |
| Salmon, Fred 20 | — | — | |
| Smith, Wm .22 | — | — | |
| Souter, Chas .44 | — | 3 | |
| Souter, Elizabeth — | 33 | 3 | |
Souter, B., 21; A., 17; John | 16 | — | — | |
Speedy, William | 29 | — | 2 | |
Speedy, Anne | — | 28 | — | |
Speedy, David | 36 | — | 6 | |
Speedy, Helen | — | 35 | — | |
Speedy, Elizabeth | 14 | — | — | |
| Starkes, John 27 | — | 3 | |
| Starkes, Lucy — | 24 | — | |
Stent, — | 20 | — | — | |
| Stewart, Richard 38 | 37 | 5 | |
| Stewart, Lewis , 17; Chas.14 | — | — | |
| Sutherland, Andrew 27 | — | — | |
Swan, Francis | 18 | — | — | |
| Tandy, Wm .36 | — | 2 | |
| Tandy, Mary — | 29 | — | |
| Teans, Jas .27 | — | — | |
| Teans, Letitia — | 28 | — | |
| Telford, Wm .24 | — | — | |
| Thomas, John 24 | 27 | 2 | |
Van, James | 25 | — | — | |
| Voce, Samuel 28 | — | — | |
Wall, Anthony, | 34 | — | 5 | |
Wall, Susanna | — | 30 | — | |
| Wears, John — | — | — | |
White, Charles | 28 | — | 4 | |
White, Harriett | — | 26 | — | |
White, Joseph | 31 | — | 3 | |
White, Mary | — | 32 | — | |
| Whitehouse, John 39 | — | 4 | |
| Whitehouse, Charlotte — | 34 | — | |
| Wildman, Joseph 35 | 34 | 3 | |
| Wilkie, James 23 | 23 | 2 | |
| Wilmshurst, John 17 | — | — | |
| Wilmshurst, Harriett 17 | — | — | |
| Wilson, George 25 | — | — | |
| Wright, David 28 | — | 3 | |
| Wright, Harriett — | 27 | — | (Signed) , Daniel Riddiford
Sat., 24th May, 1841 .
The following died on board:—
Izobella Crosby, 28 years, 8th February.
Rayner Clifton, 18 months, 18th February.
Jane White, 6 months, 17th May.
At this time (1841), the spiritual wants of the community were supplied by the
It was also notified that the Rev. R. Davy, of Kumutoto, was prepared to supply to those desirous of obtaining them, Bibles, Testaments and Common Prayer Books.
About the middle of May, Mr. William Gordon Bell, a Scotch farmer, drove the first herd of cattle to Whanganui. He arrived with Mr. Jas. Watt, who was the first to attempt agriculture at the Port.
“Long before the town was distributed,” writes Wakefield, “Mr. Bell farmed a piece of land between the harbour and the sea for Mr. Watt; and had been the first to use the plough in Cook Strait. The land in question was of a poor clayey nature, and in a spot swept by both the prevailing winds, so that the crop of wheat, though good in
In coming from Watt's farm to the beginning of the Porirua road, he had to pass through the whole town; and all the spectators flocked to shake his iron fist, and wish him every success. He was furnished by
Mr. Bell arrived in safety with his cattle after some difficulty in crossing the quick-sands of the Turakina and Whangaehu. His proceedings afterwards are recounted in Mr. Downes' “Old Whanganui.”
The “Olympus,” 500 tons, commanded by
|
Name | Age | Wife's Age | No. of Children | |
| Aitken, Mrs. and two others Did not embark.
— | — | — | |
| Barras, James 21 | — | — | |
Barker, Jas. and Mary (Ag. 10yrs., Eliz. 3yrs. Sar. 1yr.) | 33 | 29 | 3 | |
Barns, or | Barus, Jas .21 | — | — | |
| Birmingham, John 25 | — | — | |
Bluett, Thos. and Mary (Thos. 3yrs., M. Ann 11 months) | 21 | 25 | 2 | |
Bryson, Thos. and Cath. | 26 | 21 | — | |
Burrows, — (farmer) | 20 | — | — | |
| Burton, Jas . and Elizab.40 | 29 | — | |
| Burton, Amy 26 | — | — | |
| Burton, Elizabeth 24 | — | — | |
| Burton, Emily 17 | — | — | |
| Burton, Jas .15 | — | — | |
| Burton, William and Mary (Eliza, 5 months)23 | 30 | 1 | |
| Connacher, Don 30 | — | 1 | |
| Connacher, Margaret — | 25 | — | |
| Corley, Isaac 23 | — | — | |
| Couttie, Dave and Janet (Alex. 9yr., Geo. 12yr., Jas. 2yr.)26 | 25 | 3 | |
| Cox, Wm. and Esther 23 | 25 | — | |
Doughty, — (farmer) | 25 | — | — | |
Featherston, Dr. and Lady | 27 | 24 | — | |
Fox, Ed. Thos. and Harriet | 35 | 27 | — | |
| Giles, John 27 | — | — | |
Gowan, — (merchant | 23 | — | — | |
| Graham, Agnes (Jas. 13, Nancy 9, Marg. 4, Mary 4, Betty 18 months.)36 | — | 5 | |
Hall (2), Gent, 26 and | 30 | — | — | |
Heggie, Thos. and Mary | 22 | 20 | — | |
Honeyman, Thos. and Mary | 25 | 28 | — | |
Jennings, — | — | — | — | |
Jones (farmer) | 25 | — | — | |
| Kilgour, John and Margaret (William, 4yrs.)36 | 38 | 1 | |
| Langley, Peter 23 | — | — | |
| Leslie, Mary 17 | — | — | |
| Lyall, Rob and Agnes36 | 36 | — | |
| Mabey, Job and Rachael (Sarah 4, Mary A. 2.)28 | 28 | 2 | |
Mason (agricultrist) and Lady | 22 | 22 | — | |
| McKain, Douglas and Mary (Isaac, 11yrs.)49 | — | 1 | |
| McNaughton, Mary 29 | — | 1 | |
Miller, Wm. | 26 | — | — | |
| Moore, A. and Mary 30 | 28 | 1 | |
| Neale, Wm . and Sarah37 | 38 | — | |
Piper, — (farmer) | 25 | — | — | |
| Pollock, Robert 29 | — | — | |
Pope, Henry and Eliza (Jane 5, Wm. 3, Geo. 6 months.) | 27 | 28 | 3 | |
Roberts, — (farmer) | 25 | — | — | |
| Rowsell, J. and Sarah Did not embark.
26 | 25 | 2 | |
| Saxby, Wm . and Mary (M. 9, Jas. 4, and infant 4 months.)43 | 32 | 3 | |
| Saxby, Ben 19 | — | — | |
Scott, Thos. and Mary | 24 | 20 | 1 | |
Shepherd, Wm. and Margaret (Jas. 3yrs., Jane 16mo.) | 35 | 23 | 2 | |
| Sime, Jas . and Janet (Jas. 3, Dav. 3, Mary 5, J. 4 months.)26 | 27 | 4 | |
| Slarke, Jno. and Mary 27 | 24 | 2 | |
| Tolhurst, Sam and Sarah (Sa. 8, Ann 5, M. 3, E. 2.)34 | 27 | 4 | |
| Underdown, Wm .20 | — | — | |
| Vennell, Sam 27 | — | — | |
| Vennell, Pamela — | 28 | — | |
| West, Jas. and Patience 26 | 24 | 2 | |
Wilkie, Geo. and Ann (G. 10, Jno. 7, P. 3, and C. 12.) | 36 | 36 | 4 | |
Wilkinson, D. and Eliza (Christina 14 months.) | 28 | 24 | 1 | |
Williamson, Thos. and Eliza (Chas. 16, Eliza 7.) | 28 | 24 | 1 | |
Wood, Jas. and Hannah | 35 | 31 | 1 | |
Wood, Martha | 11 | — | — | |
| Wood, Robert 18 | — | — | |
Births | | | | |
Mrs. G. Hegge, 26th Jan. | | | Son | |
Mrs. C. Mabey, 17th March | | | Son | |
Mrs. D. Couttie, 23rd March | | | Daughter | |
Mrs. J. Barker, 2nd April | | | Son | |
Mrs. G. Wilkie, 4th April | | | Son | |
Deaths. | | | | |
Henry Pope, 6 mths., 21st Dec. | | | | |
Jane Pope, 5 yrs., 23rd Dec. | | | | |
Joh Scott, 13 months, 7th Jan., 1841. | | | | |
| Sarah Mabel , 3 yrs., 9th Feb. 1841. | | | (Signed) Dr. Featherston ,
Surgeon Supnt. “Olympus.”
Gravesend,5th Dec., 1840 .
Certified at Customs House, London,
Dec., 1840; (Sgd.). G. Rupert Cole
The “Sandfly,” a schooner of 16 tons, was launched from a yard on the Hutt river in 1841. She was the largest ship built there and was named by Mrs. Collett. The boat was the property of Messrs. Molesworth and Hart.
Other persons arriving to swell the ranks of the inhabitants of the Port were: Dr. Matthews (“
Medical Hall—Porirua Road Tapu—Arrival of the “
A large and well furnished chemist's shop, with the due allowance of blue and red bottles, glass jars full of toothbrushes and sponges, and gay labels of quack pills and ointments, showed its broad front to the beach near Barrett's Hotel (Hotel Cecil site). As this shop which gloried in the sonorous title of “Medical Hall” was close to the usual place of disembarkation for passengers, it became a much frequented morning lounge; especially as Dr. Dorset and another of the oldest medical practitioners were partners in the establishment.
The wharf in front of Medical Hall was later owned by a joint stock company.
The Provisional Committee comprised Major Baker, Mr. Couper, Dr. Dorset, Capt. Hay, Major Hornbrook, Messrs. Uriah Hunt, and John Wade. The capital was assessed at £250.
On the 1st of July, 1841, travellers using the Porirua bridle road made a formal application to the Police Magistrate at Wellington for his official interference to forbid the obstruction of this natural highway. Rangihaeata and his followers had destroyed some of the bridges on the Porirua bridle-road, and in some places trees were purposely felled across the narrow path with a view to preventing the easy passage of travellers. No notice of these acts of aggression was taken by the Police Magistrate, who met the question in a very easy and diplomatic style. He “deeply regretted the inconvenience to the travellers, but had no power to interfere with what was an immemorial and recognised usage among the natives, which was that of tapu (or sacred) on account of the drowning of a chief named Koraria near Rangitikei.”
In the town itself, the want of authority vested in the sole legal officer was producing great mischief. Numerous persons were squatting in the lands reserved for public purposes, and destroying the ornamental timber upon them. At this time complaints were made against the evil of non-resident proprietors, many of whom had given but very limited powers to their agents, restricting them in most cases to granting leases of seven years duration.
Some more excitement was caused on the 5th of August by the finding of the dead body of a native at
Mr. Murphy retired from the scene, and sent word round to a large number of the Colonists to hold themselves in readiness to preserve the public peace, should any violence be attempted. This had a salutary effect in calming the natives.
That evening a meeting was to be held on some question connected with the proposed Corporation Bill. Previous to proceeding on its intending business, the meeting was addressed by Colonel Wakefield, Dr. Evans, Mr. Wicksteed, Mr. Murphy and others. Capt. Hobson was severely censured for having so long left the settlement in a defenceless position and three resolutions were passed:—1st, “That the executive authority vested in the Police Magistrate at Port Nicholson, is inadequate to the wants of the settlement.” 2nd, “That the mischief arising and likely to ensue from this want of sufficient executive power is solely attributable to the neglect of the Government, placed several hundred miles distant from Port Nicholson, the principal settlement in these Islands.” 3rd. “That unless the Queen's representative speedily adopts measures to remedy this evil, it will become necessary for Her Majesty's faithful subjects to organise the means of protection against disturbers of the public peace and the opponents of British law and authority, which is presumed to be established in New Zealand.”
The continued assertions that the native had been murdered by the white people, and the flocking of large numbers of Maoris into the Pas in and near the town, induced a serious apprehension that an attack was meditated by them. A meeting of settlers was held on the 6th, and a large number of them were sworn in as special constables. During Saturday and Sunday great excitement prevailed; armed watches were kept; and some foolish and timid persons raised false alarms by spreading exaggerated reports and firing guns during the night. On Monday morning there was a large assemblage at the Court House, and one of the special constables proved the use of calling out undisciplined men and arming them in an emergency, by shooting a man in the next rank accidentally through the leg. A notice was then published declaring that there was no danger; but at the same time it appointed commanders of the
Two days later the natives met and performed their funeral ceremonies, after which everything remained quiet and the excitement subsided. Another meeting was held on the 20th April regarding the action of Rangihaeata and fifty of his followers, armed with guns, horse pistols and tomahawks, in the destruction of some unfinished buildings, intended for a sawmill, in the Porirua district. The sufferer estimated the loss at £50, including some pounds of nails stolen by the marauders. The meeting expressed the readiness of the inhabitants of Wellington as a body, to support the authority of the Magistrate in any was that he should require. A deputation waited on Mr. Murphy, to convey to him the feeling of the public; but he bowed them of in a diplomatic way, saying that he would avail himself of their services when in his opinion recourse to them was expedient.
In the midst of impending trouble with the natives, the ship “Catherine Spelt “Katherine” on the Ships Register.
Capt. Peter Elder was the commander. The names of the passengers are given as under:—
The “Tyne, 500 tons, commanded by Capt. Chas. Robertson, which sailed from London, March, 1841, arrived at Port Nicholson in July with 30 married couples, 16 single men, 13 single women, 17 children under fourteen, 7 under seven, and 3 under one. The names of the passengers were:—
Wakefield gives the following description of the Governor's visit:—
“The loiterers assembled on the beach one day (19th August, 1841) ventured many amusing conjectures as the “lubberly craft” (the Government brig) with the Red Ensign at the peak, and the Union Jack at the mainmast, drifted astern near the mouth of Evan's Bay and at last anchored off the hotel. Union Jacks were hoisted at Colonel Wakefield's house, and at the straw hut in the Pipitea Pa which served as police-office and Government House. Boats put off from all parts of the bay, including the police boat with the whole resident staff, namely, the Police Magistrate, the Health Officer, and the Postmaster. The natives laughed at the size of the Kawana's (Governor's) ship as they compared the diminutive and slovenly appearance of the craft to the two large emigrant barques, an American whaler and two or three fine brigs and schooners, lying near her.
“The next day at noon, having engaged apartments at Barrett's Hotel, His Excellency (Captain Hobson), landed on the beach, close to the door, and walked from the boat to the hotel, where he was met by Lieut. Smart as his aide-de-camp, by his private secretary,
“A levee was held next day, being attended by the officers of the Government, the New Zealand Company, headed by Colonel Wakefield, and others. Among the passengers in the Government brig were Mr. Halswell, as one of the three Senior Magistrates; a collector of customs for Port Nicholson; and an assistant Police Magistrate; the Surveyor-General, Mr.
“The Governor, attended by Colonel Wakefield and Mr. Clarke paid a formal visit to Te Aro Pa with a view to some satisfactory arrangement of their grievances, the chief one being the fact that about four acres on which their pa stood had been laid out as a public wharf and reserve for the site of a Custom House and two private sections, by the surveyors.
“After long discussions, and before Capt. Hobson left, Colonel Wakefield succeeded in prevailing upon the natives of
“A day or two afterwards the natives concerned repudiated the agreement. Efforts were made at various times by the Colonel, Mr. Halswell and others to get their assent to the transaction, but without avail, and the pa stood for some years an eye-sore to the town of Wellington.”
Several deputations waited upon Capt. Hobson to present memorials on various
His Excellency subscribed £10 towards the erection of cattle pounds, one at
Ships and passengers arriving about this time were:—
“Harrington”: Messrs. Adams, Chamberlain; Gordon; G. Hawkins; Jackson; Sturgeon; and Watson.
“Himalaya”: Messrs. Barrett; S. Levy; D. Wakefield; and R. Walker.
“James”: Messrs. Golding; and C. Harvey.
“Lapwing”: Messrs. McFarlane and McPherson.
“Lucy Sharp”: Messrs.
“Mandarin”: Messrs. R. Blomfield; S. Cully; Creag; J. Cooke; Cankwell; W. Cook; Geo. Compton; Durn; Denora; de Witte; J. Fuller; W. Frazer; G. Fleury; W. Figgis; C. Faulkner; J. Herklets; Hay (2); H. Handur; J. and T. Kebble;
“Mary” (Capt. Kemp): Messrs. C. Broderick; R. and G. Hart; Capt. Ursula; and Mr. Ward-Parker.
The “Prince Rupert,” 400 tons, commanded by
The first Court for the district of Port Nicholson was held at the Court House, Wellington, on the 5th October, 1841. The Chairman (E. Halswell, Esq.) came into Court precisely at 10 o'clock, accompanied by the following Justices:—
The chairman offered up a prayer for Her Majesty, for His Excellency the Governor, and for all in authority under them. The Clerk of the Peace produced the Government Gazette and read the Proclamation of the Governor, authorising the holding of the Courts of Quarter Sessions, under the ordinance of the 4th and 5th of Her Majesty No. 4, and also the appointment of the Chairman for the Court at Wellington, from the same
A native was also charged on Wednesday, October 6th, 1841, with stealing a blanket, the property of A. Hornbrook. Dr. Evans was named by the Court as Counsel for the prisoner, and (N.Z. Journal, 16th April, 1842.)
The Courts of Quarter Sessions were superseded by monthly Country Courts, with a similar jurisdiction. Mr. Halswell was appointed Judge for the Southern District. The Northern District, presided over by Mr. Whitaker, was defined as north of the parallel of latitude of 30° 30′, and was to have sittings at Auckland and at Kororareka, while the southern district, defined as that part of New Zealand south of the same parallel, was to have sittings in Wellington only.
On the 4th of October, 1842, the first sitting of the Supreme Court at Wellington was presided over by Judge Martin.
Mr. Brewer renewed an application for a bench warrant to arrest Rangihaeta for violently and illegally taking possession of and demolishing certain buildings in the Porirua district.
The Legislative Council was opened by the Governor on the 14th December, 1841. The principal legislative measures appeared to be the Municipal Corporation Bill, which the Government seemed anxious to pass in order that the Wellington people might be compelled to erect, at their own expense, those public buildings which they (the Government) refused to build; and the Police Magistrates Bill. This last measure made the Justices of the Peace mere puppets, unable to commit a prisoner or to hold him to bail, and granted to the paid Police Magistrate, who constituted the entire machinery of Government in these settlements, a power on the bench equal to that of any two unpaid magistrates, as well as that from which unpaid magistrates were restricted.
Notwithstanding all complaints and discomforts, the Colony had made great progress. Two villages, named respectively “Aglionby” and “Richmond,” were in process of formation. Another village (Wadestown) was being peopled on the country section immediately north of the town, belonging jointly to Mr. Watt and John Wade. A dray-road up the steep side facing the harbour, which gave access to the sunny nooks and terracing flats on the north-west slope, was constructed.
In the upland valley of the “Karori,” several people had begun to clear the land, the bush men finding their way by an old Maori path.
Three wooden jetties now projected into the Port at the south side of Lambton Harbour, and a fourth opposite Barrett's Hotel. Also a small steam saw flour mill was at work.
The supply of poultry was large, and a calculation made from the weekly consumption of pork, beef, and mutton, gave 148lbs. of meat per head, man, woman, and child, in the year.
302 vessels had entered the Port since the beginning of the settlement, and the bona fide sales of merchandise during 1841 in Wellington were estimated at £80,000. The number of cattle imported in 1841 was about 1000 head. 128 heifers were sold by auction at £8 10s. per head.
The ship “Arab,” 484 tons, commanded by Capt. John Summers, and advertised by
1, Messrs. Willis' storehouse; 2, Wade's storehouse; 3, Losack's store; 4, Durie & Co.; 5, Mr. Grace's academy; 6, Messrs. Waters and Smith's stores; 7, Allen's store; 8, Taine's store; 9, Capt. Cole's; 10, L. Nattrass; 11, Dr. Johnstone's; 12, Cook's store; 13, Col. Wakefield's house (afterwards old Government House); 14, Dr. Evans; 15, H. St. Hill, Esq., J.P.; 16, R. Stokes, Esq.; 17, Temporary exchange and library; 18, Barrett's Hotel; 19, F. A. Molesworth's houses; 20, Dr. Fitz gerald's; 21, Hornbrooke's store; 22, Hay and McHattie's store; 23, Dr. Dorset's; 24, New Zealand Company immigration barracks; 25, Court House; 26,
The following passengers arrived by the “
The ship “Balley” (Capt. Sinclair), after a passage of 107 days, arrived at the Port on the 10th April, 1841. She brought from London some correspondence between the Government and the New Zealand Company; also the Constitutional Charter of New Zealand, and instructions for Governor Hobson.
Another passenger ship, the “Gertrude,” 560 tons register, commanded by
|
Name | Age | Wife's Age | No. of Children | |
| Ade, George 22 | — | — | |
| Allan, James 39 | — | — | |
| Allan, Mary — | 39 | — | |
| Angell, Joseph — | — | — | |
| Ashbolt, Thomas 29 | — | 1 | |
| Ashbolt, Caroline — | 29 | — | |
| Atkinson, Henry 21 | — | — | |
| Atkinson, Mary — | 22 | — | |
| Bagman, W. and A. Did not embark.
38 | 39 | 5 | |
Bailey, Thos. | 28 | — | — | |
Bailey, Mary | — | 26 | — | |
| Barnes, Wm .36 | — | 4 | |
| Barnes, Harriett — | 36 | — | |
| Barnes, Wm . Robert14 | — | — | |
| Barnett, Wm . and C.32 | 33 | 3 | |
Barrow, Chas. | 21 | — | — | |
| Bartlett, George 14 | — | — | |
| Benson, Wm .18 | — | — | |
| Bragge, Richard 40 | — | 2 | |
| Bragge, Charlotte — | 36 | — | |
| Bragge, Alfred , 15; Jane17 | — | — | |
Brown, Amy | 40 | — | 1 | |
Chatfield, Edw. | 16 | — | — | |
Chittenden, Edw. | 33 | — | — | |
| Chittenden, Lydia — | 33 | — | |
Clarke, Rice Owen | 25 | — | — | |
| Cole, Thomas 39 | — | 4 | |
| Cole, Eliza — | 36 | — | |
| Connell, Chas .39 | — | 4 | |
| Connell, Ellen — | 36 | — | |
| Connell, Johanna , 14; Marg.17 | — | — | |
Coppin, Shail | 32 | — | — | |
| Corkey, Dennis 35 | — | 4 | |
| Corkey, Mary — | 28 | — | |
| Cox, Rob and Elizabeth 27 | 26 | 3 | |
| Constantine, R. and Ann 29 | 22 | 3 | |
| Conway, Robert 20 | — | — | |
| Day, Chas and Ann 30 | 31 | 2 | |
| Daysh, John Ings 33 | — | 6 | |
| Daysh, Eliza — | 28 | — | |
| Duling, Ann 22 | — | — | |
| Dunstone, J. and Wife Did not embark.
33 | 30 | 5 | |
| Dunstone, Sam and Jane F.23 | 22 | — | |
| Durrant, Wm .25 | — | — | |
| Ellis, Jas . and Mary30 | 27 | 2 | |
Farmer, Edward | 21 | — | 1 | |
Farmer, Jemima | — | 26 | — | |
| Forster, J. Rumsay 22 | — | — | |
| Galvern, Daniel 36 | — | 2 | |
| Galvern, Catherine — | 30 | — | |
| Gapper, Bernard 35 | — | 4 | |
| Gapper, Mary — | 39 | — | |
| Garrett, Ellen 18 | — | — | |
| Garrett, William — | — | — | |
Gill, John and Amelia | £20 | 33 | 1 | |
| Gribble, Elias 38 | — | — | |
| Gribble, Eliza 19 | — | — | |
Hall, Geo. and Charlotte | 30 | 19 | 1 | |
| Hallett, Jas . and Eliza25 | 26 | 2 | |
| Halnsworth, Jos. 31 | — | 2 | |
| Halnsworth, Sarah — | 30 | — | |
| Halnsworth, William 14 | — | — | |
| Harris, Chas . and Mary39 | 35 | — | |
Hattersley, Geo. and Sarah | 22 | 21 | — | |
| Inglesby, Ann 25 | — | — | |
| Jackson, Wm . and Grace27 | 27 | — | |
| Jackson, John , 20; Sarah23 | — | — | |
| Jackson, Jane , 18; Martha15 | — | — | |
Geffs, Geo. and Ann | 35 | 30 | 2 | |
| Geffs, Louisa 14 | — | — | |
| Knowles, John 17½ | — | — | |
| Ladbroke, John 25 | — | 1 | |
| Ladbroke, Mary — | 24 | — | |
| Lingard, John 19 | — | — | |
| Lingard, Mary , 19; Richard17 | — | — | |
| Loader, James 31 | — | 5 | |
| Loader, Judith — | 33 | — | |
| Lowden, Joseph 29 | — | 2 | |
Lowden Phebe | — | 27 | — | |
| Lowe, Frances — | 28 | — | |
| Lowe, Adrian 27 | — | 1 | |
| Lowe, Edward 19 | — | | |
March, Philip M. | 29 | — | 1 | |
March, Catherine | — | 25 | — | |
March, Robert and Ruth | 31 | 26 | 2 | |
| Mannering, John 28 | — | 1 | |
| Mannering, Sophia — | 26 | — | |
Martin, Ann | 24 | — | — | |
Name | Age | Wife's Age | No. of Children | |
Mitchell, J. and Mary | 48 | 48 | 1 | |
| Mitchell, Eliza , 22; Wm.20 | — | — | |
| Mitchell, Jas ., 18; John, 16; Jos.14 | — | — | |
| Norgrove, William 27 | 22 | 1 | |
| Osborne, Joseph 31 | — | 2 | |
| Osborne, Eliza — | 30 | — | |
| Parker, Thomas and Wife28 | 30 | 3 | |
Pike, William | 29 | 31 | 5 | |
| Plimmer, John 28 | — | 3 | |
| Plimmer, Eliza — | 29 | — | |
| Plimmer, John (Junr.)17 | — | — | |
| Rider, John and Mary 25 | 26 | 1 | |
Roe, Edward and Amelia | 39 | 37 | 4 | |
Roe, Amelia, 19; Edward, 17; Emily | 14 | — | — | |
Roe, Emily | 14 | — | — | |
| Rowe, Wm . and Frances39 | 38 | 3 | |
| Rowse, Sol and Charl.24 | 25 | — | |
| Russell, James 21 | — | — | |
| Samson, Robert 29 | — | 4 | |
| Samson, Susannah — | 29 | — | |
| Sherring, Stephen 17 | — | — | |
| Shotter, Richard 15 | — | — | |
| Thompson, Wm .28 | — | 1 | |
| Thompson, Eliza — | 20 | — | |
| Trask, Israel and Ann34 | 33 | 4 | |
| Waller, Wm . and Mary40 | 40 | 5 | |
| Weston, Samuel 27 | — | 3 | |
| Weston, Caroline — | 25 | — | |
White, David | 35 | — | 3 | |
White, Isabella | — | 30 | — | |
| Whiteman, Francis (widower).40 | — | 3 | |
| Wilson, William 32 | — | — | |
| Woodham, John and Eliza37 | 38 | 4 | |
Young, Edward | 31 | — | — | |
Young, Caroline Mary | — | 27 | — | |
Young, Phil and | Mary Ann 25 | 24 | — | |
| Births on Board. | | | |
Mrs. Jeffs, twins, boy and girl, 10th July. | | | | |
Mrs. Garrett, girl, 8th September. | | | | |
| Deaths on Board. | | | |
| Thomas Barnes , 8 months, 9th July. | | | |
| Charles Jeffs , 13 days, 23rd July. | | | |
| Ann Jeffs , 26 days, 5th August. | | | |
| David Loader , 1 year 9 months, 16th September. | | | (Signed) Wm. Garrett,
November, 2nd, 1841 .
Landed3rd November, 1841 .
The First Horticultural Show—Arrival of the “Birman”—Survey Cadets—Arrival of the “London”—Post Office Fire—Election Day—Races on the Pito-one Beach Raupo House Fire—Arival of the “
The whole of January, and the first part of February were remarkable for a long continuance of fine dry weather. During this space, however, light showers at night were frequent, and there was at no time more than nine days and nights entirely without rain. Nothing could be more seasonable for the grain harvest in the Colony; and refreshing rains fell at the end of February to save the pasture on the hills from parching, and to keep the potato crop from injury.
The first Horticultural Show was held on the 24th January, 1842. Two cabbages, grown on mere shingle at Pito-one, within 30 yards of the sea-beach, weighed respectively 21½ and 12lbs. (Hybrid and early Fulham). Some of the kidney potatoes grown at the Hutt, from native seed, measured 9 inches in length. Specimens of the red flat turnip were shown, 19 inches in circumference, and weighing 2½lbs., and of the common white turnip, 21 inches in circumference, and weighing 3lbs. The wheat had full and large ears. Apples, the first fruits of trees imported from England, were exhibited. Every other sort of vegetable figured in the list of prizes, and seedlings geraniums and dahlias represented the flower garden.
This ship, which has already been described in the opening chapter, was of 450 tons register, and was commanded by
Some letters, written by a lady passenger on the “Birman,” were published in “Chamber's Edinburgh Journal,” 1848, No. 257, Vol. 9.
A few extracts are given as under:—
“Cape of Good Hope.
December 30th, 1841 .
“Dearest Annie, “Here we are at the Cape, and a delightful place it is, especially to us, who have been tossing for weeks on the billows. What a luxury is soft bread and fresh meat. Everything we could desire is brought on board to us and all very cheap. We have good wine at fourpence and six-pence a bottle, and fine mutton and beef at three half-pence a pound.
“Many of our companions would like to land here and finish the journey.
“Employment being plentiful and provisions cheap, but rents are high.
“We have had a favourable voyage, parted with sea sickness and have voracious appetites.
“This is the last day of the year and as warm as summer at Home.
“Grog was served on Christmas Day, and we are to have a pint of wine on New Year's Day.
“The doctor on board serves as chaplain also.”
“Port Nicholson ,
July 28th, 1842 .
“Dearest Annie, “After leaving the Cape we had a good voyage until nearing New Zealand. The captain diverted from the right course, and we were nearly wrecked; and should have run on some reefs but for the timely warning of a stranger who put off in a boat and was just in time to intercept us while within a few hundred yards of the sunken reef. The right track was discovered and we at length reached the harbour in safety.
“On getting on shore, we found what a wretched place we had come to.
“The building intended for our occupation had been appropriated by a ship load of emigrants who had the good fortune to arrive before us. The result was that we were crammed into a large empty storeroom, just like an old barn, filthy beyond description, and overrun with rats.
“Here a space was chalked out for each family on the rough flooring, and here our little property, together with rations for a fortnight were conveyed, and we were finally left for good and all to shift for ourselves.
“There were heart-breaking scenes. The most sanguine lost heart, and many women wept and wrung their hands.
“I could have done the same, but my husband wore such a dismal face that I forebore.
“We arranged our things as well as we could and curtained our corner off. Then went into the bush close by, cut some small twigs, made a broom, and swept the floor and walls. Our example was followed by others, and we found ourselves better off than on board ship as we could get in and out as we chose. We were banished to this outlandish place at the end of the earth and thought we would never stay here. We found the natives a fine lot of people: dark brown skin, and most of them tattooed in fanciful patterns, which suffices for clothes for some of them. Some are dressed in loin cloth and tattoe.”
Wellington ,October, 1841 .
Dearest Annie ,“My husband rented a small piece of land, 60 × 24; barely sufficient for the site of a decent home, for £9 per year, and has built a small house on it, and has opened up a store. We sell whatever was bought and do business with Maoris and Pakeha, who daily flock to the store. We sell clothing, bread, potatoes, which
latter we buy from the Maoris. My husband earns a little at carpentry. Some of our fellow passengers are half starved for want of employment, and were in a miserable position in winter, when storms and tempests of rain prevailed. Once we could not venture out of doors for weeks together. We were sometimes soaked to the skin, for we could not hold an umbrella up. “Gross immorality prevails amongst the Colonists. Some seem to have left every moral and religious obligation behind them. Bishop Selwyn has lately landed here; he is much liked at present. I hope his example and exertions, which are very much wanted, will be of general use. I retain my health wonderfully. My husband is well and picking up the language. The Maoris are fond of us, because we are uniformly kind to them. They call me ——, and are quite as familiar as you could be.”
Wellington ,December 11th, 1843 .
Extracts:—
Dearest Annie, “The country appears all mountains and vales. Trees everywhere which are always in full leaf, there being never sufficient frost to kill the foliage. As our stock increased, we had to use our building to accommodate it. We hired a house of two rooms, built of clay and thatched with toi-toi. Work is not too plentiful, about two days employment during the week for each. Auction sales take place on the arrival of vessels. Our credit being good we buy from natives and Colonists, some of whom sell the clothes from their backs through destitution. Some in good circles in England have parted with everything, lead miserable and degraded lives, skulking in the bush and drowning their sorrows in drink—when able.…
“The ‘Brougham,’ after making a passage of 92 days last year to London with her cargo of oil and bone, returned on the 9th February, 1842, with a new Chief Surveyor for the Company, Mr. Brees, who superseded Captain Smith.
“He was accompanied by a large suite of young gentlemen, engaged by the Company for three years as ‘Surveying Cadets.’ I had met two or three of these on the Porirua Road when I came into town, with labourers and theodolites and other baggage, starting for the Manawatu. I remember laughing at their dandified appearance, and wondering what new arrivals had thus suddenly and without preparation taken to the bush. Everything about them was so evidently new; their guns just out of their cases, fastened across tight-fitting shooting jackets by patent leather belts; their forage caps of superfine cloth; and their white collars relieved by new black silk neckerchiefs. Some positively walked with gloves and dandy-cut trousers; and to crown all, their faces shone with soap. I sat down on the stump of a tree and vastly enjoyed the cockney procession, wondering how long the neatness of their appearance and the fastidiousness of their walk as they stepped over the muddy places (caused by a shower of rain the night before), would last.
“They considered me as one of the curiosities of the interior, turning up their
noses with evident contempt at my rough red woollen smock, belted over a coarse cotton check shirt, without neck-cloth, and stout duck trousers, and gaping with horror at my long hair, unshaven beard, and short black pipe, half hidden under a broad-brimmed and rather dirty Manilla hat. They appeared, too, to view with some distrust a sheath knife, about eighteen inches long in the blade, which I had made my constant companion and with which I was cutting up negro head tobacco.”
The British population of the Company's settlement (writes Wakefield), “was at this time about 5000, including 3000 at Wellington and in the immediate vicinity, 150 at Whanganui, 1000 at Nelson, 600 at New Plymouth, and 200 in other parts of Cook Strait.”
About sixty prisoners were at the Wellington gaol, chiefly mutinous or runaway sailors, “but there were some felons,” states a newspaper of the 9th March, 1842, “and one person at least confined for debt only. They are all huddled together in a wretched Maori building, large enough for twelve or fifteen human beings at the most. We are told that the atmosphere is almost suffocating.” The same authority states: “A decent building for a Post Office is also especially required. On Sunday last we saw Mr. Mantell stuffing an old potato-sack amongst the reeds of the dilapidated hut he occupies as Post Master, to prevent the wind from blowing the letters off the table on which he had assorted them for delivery. One-fifteenth part of the revenue collected here and remitted to Auckland would suffice for the buildings needed.”
On the 1st May, 1842, the “London” arrived at Wellington for the second time from England, with pasengers and cargo.
Mrs. Wills, one of the passengers, brought the first pheasants to New Zealand. A cock and three hens were landed in safety, and were passed on by Mrs. Wills to
The “London,” 700 tons, commanded by Capt. Attwood, sailed from Gravesend, in January, 1842, with 55 married couples, 14 single men, 13 single women, 24 children under fourteen, and 15 under seven.
15 deaths and one birth occurred on board. One birth occurred on shore, after landing.
The passengers comprised the following:—
On the 13th of May, 1842, a brother of
The latter were principally brood mares of the best New South Wales blood, which Mr. Molesworth and others had ordered
A fire, which Wakefield describes as an “awful conflagration,” occurred on the 5th July, 1842. Some carpenters employed in erecting a house on the beach (Lambton Quay) near the court house (site of temporary Anzac Memorial) discovered flames issuing from the building which had long done duty as Post Office, Court of Justice, Police Office, and Church. The structure was burnt to the ground in half an hour.
Fortunately, Mr. Halswell and the Police Magistrate had for some time doubted the security of the edifice, so kept their documents at their respective homes, and some of the carpenters saved what was lying or blowing about in the Post Office. The whole damage done was estimated at nearly five pounds.
The schooner “Maori Davis” was launched from Meech's shipbuilding yard,
Ever since the proclamation of the Borough in August, the settlers had looked forward with eagerness and excitement to the election for Aldermen and Mayor, which was set down for 3rd October, 1842. The Act provided that all male inhabitants should be entitled to register their votes with the sub-sheriff by paying one pound sterling; 350 persons availed themselves of the privilege. The usual competition took place between the gentry and the working men. Each party formed a committee, which suggested a list of Aldermen for election. Meetings were held, and canvassing began even before the registration of voters. Some of the registry fees were paid by the committees. The meetings were most stormy; and at one of them Dr. Evans was pulled off the table (upon which he had climbed in order to addressed his audience) by visiting stockman from Australia.
On the day of the Poll, flags and a band were paraded on the beach with some of the popular candidates; distinctive cockades were worn; and the straw hut inside the Pa (Police Office), now used as the polling booth, was surrounded by agents of both parties, eager to force cards with their own list into the hands of each voter as he arrived. The usual tricks and intrigues were resorted to, and bribery in the shape of glasses of grog, was much in evidence.
The first Mayor of Wellington was Mr. George Hunter, one of the earliest colonists. He was of advanced years, with a large family, and a merchant of the first standing in the place. He was also a Justice of the Peace
Burgess Roll for the Borough Of Wellington, 1843.Copied from the Printed Sheet kindly lent by
Mr. W. E. Bethune .|
1. Allen, W. | Manners Street | |
2. Allsdorf, Von C. | Lambton Quay. | |
3. Anderson, Archd. | Thorndon Quay. | |
4. | Annear, Jas .Sidney Street. | |
5. | Biard, Jas .Cuba Street. | |
6. | Baird, John Cuba Street. | |
7. Baker, Richd. | Lambton Quay. | |
8. | Barr, John Lambton Quay. | |
9. Bell, Jas. | Lambton Quay. | |
10. | Bethune, Kenneth Lambton Quay. | |
11. Bevan, Thos. | Lambton Quay. | |
12. | Bewick, Wm . | Te Aro .|
13. Bolton, Fredk. | Thorndon Quay. | |
14. Boulcott, Jos. | | Te Aro .|
15. | Bould, Robt .Tinakori Road. | |
16. | Brees, S. C. Hawkestone Street. | |
17. | Brice, John Terrace. | |
18. Brooke, S. | Pipitea Point. | |
19. Brown, R. | Lambton Quay. | |
20. Brown, W. H. | Lambton Quay. | |
21. Buck, Geo. | Thorndon Flat. | |
22. Buck, H. | Thorndon Flat. | |
23. Bull, Jas. | Pipitea Pa. | |
24. Butler, W. S. | Willis Street. | |
25. Catchpool, E. P. | Dixon Street. | |
26. Cimino, S. | Lambton Quay. | |
27. Clifford, C. | Thorndon Flat. | |
28. Collier, R. | Thorndon Quay. | |
29. | Collins, Jas .Thorndon Quay | |
30. Cooper W. A. | | Te Aro .|
31. Curtis, Geo. | Tinakori Road. | |
32. | Davis, Ed .Hawkestone Street. | |
33. | Davis, Rowland Lambton Quay. | |
34. | Dimond, John Tinakori Road. | |
35. | Dorset, John Lambton Quay. | |
36. Duck, J. | Ghuznee Street. | |
37. Duffield, G. | Berhampore. | |
38. | Durie, David Lambton Quay. | |
39. Edwards, G. | Hawkestone Street. | |
40. Evans, M. | | Te Aro .|
41. | Evans, John Thorndon Flat. | |
42. | Featherston, I. E. Terrace. | |
43. Fellingham, G. | Woolcombe Street. | |
44. | Ferguson, John | Te Aro .|
45. | Fisher, Wm .Willis Street. | |
46. | Fitchett, John Bolton Street. | |
47. Fitzherbert, W. | Farish Street. | |
48. Ford, Jas. | | Te Aro .|
49. | Forster, J. R. Willis Street. | |
50. Fox, Ed. | Hill Street. | |
51. Fuller, John | Manners Street. | |
52. | Gower, John Wright Street. | |
53. Guthrie, Thos. | Willis Street. | |
54. | Guyton, Wm . | Te Aro .|
55. Hansard, J. T. | Manners Street. | |
56. Hanson, R. D. | Terrace. | |
57. Hay, Wm. | | Te Aro .|
58. Hendry, Thos. | Cuba Street. | |
59. | Hewitt, Alf Lambton Quay. | |
60. Hill, H. St. | Hawkestone Street. | |
61. Hort, A. | Abel Smith Street. | |
62. Hort, A., Junr. | | Te Aro .|
63. Hort, Alfd. | | Te Aro .|
64. | Houghton, Robt .Willis Street. | |
65. | Hume, Peter Willis Street. | |
66. Hunter, Geo. | Willis Street. | |
67. | Isaac, David Lambton Quay. | |
68. | Jenkins, Robt .Manners Street. | |
69. | Johnson, David | Te Aro .|
70. | Johnson, Ed .Lambton Quay. | |
71. | Johnson, John Lambton Quay. | |
72. | Johnson, Wm .Manners Street. | |
73. | Kelham, Jas .Mt. Albyn. | |
74. | Kemble, Robt .Murphy Street. | |
75. Kennedy, Thos | | Te Aro .|
76. | Knox, F. J. Willis Street. | |
77. Langdon, R. | Herbert Street. | |
78. | Levin, Nat Lambton Quay. | |
79. Levy, Sol. | Mount Cook. | |
80. Lewis, Dav. | Tinakori Road. | |
81. London, H. | Terrace. | |
82. | Lloyd, John Lambton Quay. | |
83. | Lyall, Alex .Lambton Quay. | |
84. | Lyon, Wm .Lambton Quay. | |
85. McCarthy, J. | | Te Aro .|
86. McKenzie, T. | Ghuznee Street. | |
87. McLaggan, J. | Terrace. | |
88. | McNally, Jas .Lambton Quay. | |
89. Mitchell, F. | Lambton Quay. | |
90. Monsheer, C. | Lambton Quay. | |
91. Moore, Geo. | Lambton Quay. | |
92. | Muir, J. Wm .Manners Street. | |
93. | Michol, Wm .Pipitea Pah. | |
94. | Norgrove, Wm .Lambton Quay. | |
95. Omeara, Timy. | Park Street. | |
96. Park, Robt. | Terrace. | |
97. Partridge, T. M. | | Te Aro .|
98. Penny, C. M. | | Te Aro .|
99. Pharazin, C. | Pipitea Pah. | |
100. Pike, Wm. | Thorndon Flat. | |
101. Pilcher, S. | Wright Street. | |
102. | Pratt, T. D. | Te Aro .|
103. Prince, Ed. | Tinakori Road. | |
104. Rae, Thos. | Lambton Quay. | |
105. Reading, J. B. | Terrace. | |
106. | Reid, Alex | Te Aro .|
107. Reid, H. | Lambton Quay. | |
108. | Rhodes, W. B. | Te Aro .|
109. Richardson, T. | Willis Street. | |
110. | Roberts, Jas .Thorndon Flat. | |
111. Robertson, A. | Willis Street. | |
112. Roe, Ed. S. | Manners Street. | |
113. Roe, Ed., Junr. | Manners Street. | |
114. Roots, John | Thorndon Flat. | |
115. | Ross, Hugh Lambton Quay. | |
116. Saint, Thos. | Manners Street. | |
117. Sayers, B. | Lambton Quay. | |
118. Scott, Geo. | Will. | |
119. Sharp, Chas. | Terrace. | |
120. | Shelton, Wm .Lambton Quay. | |
121. | Sheppard, Wm . D.Terrace. | |
122. Squib, C. H. | Herbert Street. | |
123. Stacey, J. | Thorndon Flat. | |
124. | Stafford, Ed .Lambton Quay. | |
125. Stevens, C. | Thorndon Flat. | |
126. Stokes, J. M. | Woolcombe Street. | |
127. | Stratford, G. A. Lambton Quay. | |
128. | Strang, R. R. Woolcombe Street. | |
129. Suisted, C. | Lambton Quay. | |
130. Sutton, R. | Lambton Quay. | |
131. | Taine, Jas .Lambton Quay. | |
132. | Tomlin, John Hobson Street. | |
133. | Vavasour, Wm .Thorndon Flat. | |
134. | Villiers, Wm .Ghuznee Street. | |
135. | Vincent, W. E. Ghuznee Street. | |
136. Wade, J. | | Te Aro .|
137. | Waitt, Robt . | Te Aro .|
138. | Wallace, John Lambton Quay. | |
139. | Wallace, J. H. Lambton Quay. | |
140. | Wallace, W. E. | Te Aro .|
141. Ward, Jas. | | Te Aro |
142. Waters, Geo. | | Te Aro |
143. Waterson, J. | Thorndon Flat. | |
144. Watt, J. | Tinakori Road. | |
145. Watson, T. H. | Thorndon Flat. | |
146. Welsh, H. | Lambton Quay. | |
147. Whabby, T. | Tinakori Road. | |
148. White, J. | Willis Street. | |
149. Wilson, J. | Willis Street. | |
150. Woodward, J. | Hawkestone Street. | |
151. | Yule, John | Te Aro .|
152. | Yule, Moses | Te Aro .It appears that although 350 persons paid the free of £1 Os. Od, only 152 names were printed.
Municipal Council, 1842.Returned at the first Election of Aldermen for the Borough of Wellington.
Mayor.
|
George Hunter, Willis St., Merchant | 273 votes. | Aldermen
|
| William Lyon , Lambton Qy., Storekeeper237 votes. | |
| William Fitzherbert , Farish St., Merchant220 votes. | |
John Wade, | Te Aro , Auctioneer212 votes. | |
| George Scott , Willis St., Carpenter196 votes. | |
F. A. Molesworth, Hutt River, Farmer | 182 votes. | |
| John Dorset , Lambton Qy., Surgeon176 votes. | |
| Robert Waitt ,Te Aro , Merchant164 votes. | |
| William Guyton ,Te Aro , Merchant155 votes. | |
| Abraham Hort ,Te Aro , Merchant155 votes. | |
| Edward Johnson , Lambton Qy., Merchant151 votes. | |
| Robert Jenkins , Manners St., Publican149 votes. |
Reserve List.Out of which all Extraordinary Vacancies were to be supplied.|
| John Howard Wallace , Merchant, Lambton Quay144 votes. | |
| Richard Davis Hanson , Solicitor, Wellington126 votes. | |
Wm. Anthony Cooper, Carpenter, Te Aro | 125 votes. | |
| Edward Daniell , Gentleman, Te Aro124 votes. | |
Thos. M. Machattie, Merchant, Lambton Qy. | 122 votes. | |
Henry Taylor, Storekeeper, Willis St. | 117 votes. | |
(N.Z. Journal, 18th March, 1843, p. 66.) | | The Corporation Ordinance was disallowed soon after the Election because it placed the power of establishing beacons and lighthouses in the hands of the Corporation.
The only lands vested in the Corporation of Wellington were the belt reserved round the town for ornament and recreation, and the land which might be reclaimed from the sea.
The Municipality of Wellington had been in existence nearly a year when this disallowance put an end to its operations. After the death of Mr. Hunter, Mr. Wm. Guyton had been elected Mayor. No taxes were imposed. Measures were passed for the preservation of the town belt, formations of markets and slaughter-houses, maintenance of roads and streets and other useful local purposes. Meetings which were well attended were held twice a week at 10 o'clock a.m.
The funds consisted entirely of fees paid on the registration of voters (Burgess Roll), in October, 1842, amounting to £370 12 6d. This sum was spent as follows:— £118 for roads and street repairs; £15 rent for Town Hall (Exchange); £50 for Town Surveyor's salary; £42 15s. for Town Clerk; £7 for messengers; £37 for constables; £8 for making up a rate book; £2 10s. for engraving a Borough Seal; £5 5s. for large map of the beach frontage; £12 12s. for law expenses; and £72 for printing and stationery from the two newspaper offices. (Wakefield's Adventure, p.p. 689–692.)
The undermentioned ships, with cargo and passengers, were among the shipping arrivals during 1841:—
“Clifford”: Messrs. E. Cording; J. H., J., and E. Cook; J. Watson, senr. and junr.; D. G. and R. Cook (Brett).
“Clifton”: Messrs. J. Harris; C. Howe;—Weatherley; J. Bills, Chitty; R. Collins; T. and
W. B. Howe :G. K. Smith , Surgeon; M. Stratford; W. Mosday; J. Kibblewhite. (N.Z. Journal, 27th Nov., 1841.)“Clydeside”: Messrs. R. Scott; Summers; Strang; Todd, Imrie; D. Gallan; R. Dickie; T. Duncanson; K. Mathieson.
H.M.S. “Driver.”
“Elbe,” of New York, wrecked 15th December, 1841.
The barque “Winwick” was wrecked at Lyall Bay (or False Bay). One account states that the captain mistook Lyall Bay for Port Nicholson and ran in boldly, but finding his error, let go his anchor and held on for some time. Meetings re the two wrecks were held on the 11th and 12th December, 1841, and a resolution was passed that a temporary lighthouse be erected. Messrs.
J. H. Wallace , J. Wade. A.Ludlam, J. C. Crawford ,Evans, Molesworth , Waitt, Wicksteed, Guyton, and others attended.“Eleanor,” Capt. Holderness. In 1841 destroyed by fire.
“Gem,” 27th September, 1841: Messrs. Bell, Ankatell and Arrowsmith.
The “Chelydra” departed for Auckland with soldiers and mechanics. Mr. D. Sinclair was a passenger.
Grand horse races had been appointed to come off on 20th October, 1842, on the beach at Pito-one. Nine of the best horses had been entered some months before at ten guineas each. The horses were in regular training; jockey jackets and caps
Next morning (the 20th), the village of Aglionby (opposite side of the river), was in an uncommon state of agitation; the stable yard of the neat little inn was full of grooms and horses, And clodhoppers, dressed in their best, were coming down the path along the river bank, with their wives and children; for a general holiday had been agreed upon.
Mr. Watt's pink coat, the only one in the Colony, adorned Wakefield's person, and as the latter rode out of the inn yard in full Clerk of the Course's uniform, he excited universal admiration.
The company began to arrive from Wellington. Carts, waggons, bullock-drays were all pressed into the service, and the line of road was a miniature representation of Epsom. Six or eight of the ladies came over in a spring-cart containing chairs covered with flags; and the only gig in Wellington, imported from New South Wales, brought over the chemist of Medical Hall and two shopkeepers. One waggon contained the band of music; and a large flotilla of boats of all sizes and shapes brought over those who had no carts or horses or were too lazy to walk.
Booths, tents and stalls were rapidly put up, and one man wheeled a barrow about selling “ginger-pop.” The “Coming in” was close to Colonel Wakefield's old house, and there a cold collation had been provided for the ladies. The grand stand consisted of a few planks on the top of eight or ten water-butts outside the fence, supporting the chairs out of the carts.
The Clerk's duties multiplied. Firstly, in explaining to a party of natives why they should not lie basking on the middle of the track (the beach). Secondly, to implore a gang of whalers either to haul their boat right up, or push her nose off the beach; to get the sails of another boat, moored close off, furled so as not to flap about in the horses' eyes; and finally to stop the band as the horses were coming.
It was a brilliant cloudless day, with the heat of the sun just tempered by a light air from the southward as the tide made.
Five or six hundred people were assembled by eleven o'clock, when the horses started.
Seven horses started, as one of the nine had paid forfeit, and another had been killed some weeks before by a bullock which scoured the beach of the town in the paroxysm of fury which cattle often display upon being landed after a long voyage. The following horses started:—Mr. Watt's “Figaro,” ridden by owner. Mr. Molesworth's “Calmuc Tartar,” ridden by owner. Mr. Virtue's “Marksman,” ridden by owner. Mr. Geo. Hunter's “Temperance,” ridden by Dorset. Mr. Bannister's “Sulky,” ridden by Wade. Capt. Buckley's “Daylight,” ridden by owner. Mr. Revan's “Mazeppa,” ridden by Tyser.
Sweepstakes for ten guineas each, gentlemen riders. Heats of one mile and three-quarters.
One Mile Sweepstake, one pound each. Mr. Revan's “Dandy,” ridden by Dr. Dorset. Colonel Wakefield's “Beau,” ridden by Mr. Watt. Mr. G. Hunter's “Wai-ake-ake,” ridden by owner. Mr. Allen's grey gelding, ridden by owner. Mr. Virtue's bay mare.
One Mile, one pound a side.
One Mile, five pounds a side. Colonel Wakefield's “Beau” beat Mr. Virtue's bay mare.
About thirty gentlemen on horseback followed in procession behind the ladies' cart on the road to town in the afternoon, and the day was closed with a race dinner at Barrett's hotel.
Towards one o'clock on the 9th November, 1842, Lloyd's bakehouse was found to be on fire. This house was situated about 400 yards on the Te Aro Flat side of Colonel Wakefield's residence. The fire commenced on acre No. 488, and ended at the public reserve adjoining section 483: from there it extended up Te Aro Flat, destroying a large number of houses on the beach. The last house towards the Flat that was destroyed was Willis and Co's. The wind was from the north-west, and the fire spread with fearful rapidity, the pieces of blazing thatch flying along to other houses a hundred yards distant and igniting them immediately. Several houses were torn down to prevent the fire spreading. A large number of sailors from the shipping acted well in concert under their commanders—several houses were cut down and the thatch carried bodily into the sea.
Besides the above destroyed by fire, many Maori houses were pulled down.
The damage was estimated at from £5,000 to £10,000 in house property, and £2,000 to £2,500 in goods. The only sufferers in the wholesale houses were Messrs. Rout and Willis and Co. Willis and Co.'s large wooden building at the
Out of the ashes of the raupo thatch, sprang substantial brick and wooden stores and taverns, with slate or shingle roofs, and heaps of melted glass and other rubbish were cleared away from the site of one of the merchant's stores, to make room for the foundations of the Scotch church. Within two or three months, this part of the beach was more thickly populated than before, and no vestige of the fire remained.
Some of the Natives had joined in the subscription for the sufferers, and others offered their services to rebuild houses without payment. They had been exceedingly active in their exertions on the night of the fire; grateful, no doubt, for the like exertions of a body of settlers which had saved the greater part of the Te Aro Pa from destruction in the same way some months before. It is recorded that the outer fence of their Pa was carried out fifty yards beyond where it had formerly stood, instead of agreeing to Colonel Wakefield's renewed instances that they should quit the location for their own reserves. The natives of the Pipitea Pa soon after followed this example, apparently aware that the Governor's restrictions as to the alienation of their occupied land had not defined any limits.
The following appeared in the N.Z. Journal, dated 6th August, 1842, and copied from the Taunton Journal, 29th July, 1841:—
“
Mr. Arthur Whitehead , Surveyor, and William Curling Young, a highly intelligent gentleman, give their first impressions of Society in Wellington.“The progress of refinement has been very rapid. The furnishing of the house, the style of the dinner parties, and the dress of the ladies differ in no essential point from those in England. Balls, dinner parties and picnics—placards are stuck about, and the general appearance of the place resembles Hastings or Brighton.”
Picnics began to multiply as the season of the anniversary approached. Among the most pleasing of these was a picnic given by Messrs. Clifford and Vavasour, who had cleared their section, half a mile beyond Captain Daniell's farm (Trelissick) on the Porirua Road. They were in time to ask their fellow passengers in the “Fife” (who were going on to Nelson), into a tent in the midst of their first clearing. A party of the ladies of Wellington joined the merry throng.
The “George Fife,” 460 tons, commanded by
The passenger list contained the following names:—
Mr. Swainson was at this time worried by “Dog's Ear” (Taringa-kuri), and other natives. He had hired three sections, of 100 acres each, of untouched forest-land on the banks of the Hutt (Fig. 40), and fondly made plans for laying this out in patches of cultivation, and sheltered by belts of timber. He built a substantial farmhouse for his family and another for his labourers, and had cleared about two acres in which a fine crop of wheat for seed was just coming to perfection. Taringa Kuri: who had established himself close to the house, at first promised to cut only what Mr. Swainson pointed out to him, and pretended only to want one crop in return for his trouble.
But, notwithstanding repeated mediations of Mr. Spain, or of Mr. Clarke, junior, the deceitful chief had cleared all the wood indiscriminately off a large tract of ground. Belt after belt, clump after clump, fell beneath the merciless axes of his followers, and the native clearing at length reached to within a few yards of Mr. Swainson's house and the little patch of wheat. They now openly laughed at their victim, and told him to “look out” for as the dry weather came on, they should set fire to the fallen wood.
Mr. Swainson approached the Police Magistrate and Crown Prosecutor for an indictment and an injunction, without avail. However, the clearing was burned off without damage to his wheat and his thatched roofs; potatoes were planted; a Pa was built on the river bank; and in October (1841), the natives were living there permanently, and encroaching still further on a large portion of the valley, in any part of which they forbade white men from settling. The clearings of the Ngatirangatahi, Rauparaha's especial servants, extended nearly a mile along the banks, and they carefully stopped every white man who began to clear or saw even in parts that had never before been occupied.
Notwithstanding the worries occasioned by the natives, the Christmas festival was celebrated with “right merrie” sports in Wellington. A cricket match between two clubs which had practised for some months, quoits, swings and other diversions, were numerously attended on Te Aro Flat; and, to the credit of the community be it spoken, not a single case of drunkenness or disorderly conduct disfigured the pleasant associations of the day.
The past season was reckoned rather an inclement one in New Zealand; but barley was cut in the beginning of December on the banks of the Hutt, which weighed 74 pounds to the bushel.
At the Show of the Horticultural Society on the 27th December, 1842, prizes were given for every class of vegetable, for wheat, barley, oats, ryegrass, turnips and pot-herbs, and for strawberries, cherries, gooseberries and black currants. Flowers were judged,
The undermentioned ships arrived during the year 1842, with passengers for Wellington:—
“Prince of Wales”: Messrs. Birnie; Crummer; Gould; J. Johnston; Joseph and H. Marshall.
“Bernian”: Messrs. G. Buck; J. Hurley; E. Lewis; H. Buck; C. H. Gillespie; and T. Cayley.
“Bombay”: Messrs. R. Eames; J. Gibbs; Amelius Smith, T. Parkinson; H. Hughlings; G. Saunders; F. Bradey (second trip); Gell; and Dr. Hodgkinson.
“Bronan”: Mr. Duck and wife.
“Essex”: Dr. R. L. Vane; and Messrs. A. and C. Aubrey.
“Exporter”: Messrs. W. Allen; J. and Jas. Hyams; J. Roe; and K. Samuel.
“Esther”: Messrs. C. Alzdorf and J. G. Rush.
“Fifeshire”: Messrs. Cullen and
“Indemnity”: Dr. J. Hoggard; J. Hunter; J. Coleman; A. Dowstand; and A. and H. Betts.
“Explorer”: Mr. J. Collier.
“Lord Auckland” (Capt. Jardine): Messrs. T. O'Malley; Barnicoat; and Otterson. The “Lord Auckland” was wrecked later, and the remains are on the Otaki beach.
The “Mary Ann Wade” was the first vessel built in Wellington: Capt. Tulett was in charge.
“
“New York Packet”: Messrs. C. Brewster; J. Constable; R. Beamish;— Heatherane; A. W. Hort;—Shepher.
“Regia”: Dr. Croverow; Messrs. J. Lean and Crope.
“Scotia”: Mr. H. F. Eager.
“
“Three Brothers”: Mr. S. Howland.
“Tobago”: Messrs. Ferguson; Hornbrook; and Lord.
“The “Tomatin,” with Mrs. Martin (wife of Judge Martin), the Bishop of New Zealand (Dr. Selwyn), and others, arrived in May, 1842.
The First Windmill—French Man-of-War—Wairau Conflict—Volunteering—Te Rauparaha and Rangihaeata—Military Aid—
On the 11th January, 1843, the Colonial brig arrived, bringing Lieutenant Shortland with his suite, and Mr. Spain.
The former was invited to a ball at Mrs. Daniell's house, and was féted in every possible way, and was invited to dine at the Club, and his levee was fully attended.
The Third Anniversary was celebrated with great éclat. £150 was subscribed for the amusements, and a large number of natives were persuaded by Mr. Halswell and others to attend.
Pomare, the chief of the Ngatimutunga who had six or seven years before forsaken this place for the Chatham Islands, and his eldest son, besides
A rifle match was an event of the day. Mr. Moore won at 50 yards; Mr. Suistead at 100 yards; and Mr. Crawford at 150 yards.
The flax cleaning expert prize for Maoris was competed for by 43 candidates; the time limit was 15 minutes. The prize was won by E. Tuna, 21bs. 5¾ oz., and Ko Taweri (the same quantity) so the amount of the prize, five pounds, was divided.
The teetotallers had a pleasant party and a tea-meeting at Wilkinson's gardens N.Z. Journal, 8th July, 1843, p. 177.
In 1843, news reached the Colony of the disturbed state of Europe, and fears were entertained that England would shortly be engaged in war with France
“We have been informed on undoubted authority that an extensive battery is about to be erected on Somes Island, and this entirely free of cost to the public; also, that estimates of the same have been accepted in the right quarter.”
In spite of war alarms, the Colonists were busily employed in their various avocations.
The Wellington Almanack was first published this year (1843), and cheese began to be made in the Colony with tolerable success.
The first windmill in the Colony was built about this time (March. 1843), and several tanneries were busy at work near the town. The tanneries found both the bark of the hinau, from which the natives got their dye, and the bark of the towai, or “black birch,” highly suited to their purposes.
A Comet was seen on the 4th March, 1843, in the south-west, remaining visible
for nearly a month. The clearness of the atmosphere added to its beautiful appearance. The nucleus was like a small star, and the tail of uncommon brilliancy, subtended an angle of 36 degrees as observed from Wellington. Wakefield's Adventure, pp. 581–582.
The first French man-of-war to come in the harbour since the formation of the Colony, arrived on the 12th May, 1843, and was greeted with a salute from the shore.
Commander Bérard landed on
This letter was answered on the 21st May.
The undermentioned vessels and their passengers were among some of the arrivals during the year 1843:—
“City of London”: Mr. Houghton.
“Fyfe”: Judge Martin and Mr. Wm. Fox.
“Governor”: Messrs. W. Tankersley and J. Walden.”
“H.M.S. Hazard.”
“Lady Leigh”: Mr. Wm. Fitzherbert.
“North Star”: Captain Best and Mr. F. D. Bell.
“Phoebe”: Messrs. J.
“Tyrian”: Messrs. G. and L. Levy and Crempton.
“Ursula”: Messrs. Atkinson; F. Dillon Bell (Asst. Secretary to the New Zealand Company); Budder; Couper; P. Hunt; Huntrace, Flitcher; Frazer; W. Spinks; J. Walton; I. Windsor; Withers.
“
A public meeting was held at the Exchange in June. 1843, after the arrival of the “Victoria” at the Port, bringing news of the conflict between the Europeans and Natives at Wairau.
Mr. George Hunter presided. The report of the committee of public safety, appointed at the public meeting held on the 19th June, was considered, and a Volunteer Corps was formed, under the sanction and superintendence of the Mayor, the Justices of the Peace, and Mr. McDonogh, the Police Magistrate, who swore them in as special constables, under the command of Major Durie, Major Baker, Captain Sharp and Mr. McDonogh, Director of Arms. A battery was built, mounted with two 18-pounders and placed on Flag Staff Hill, while the necessary measures were taken to store all the powder in the settlement under the control of the authorities.
On the 18th June, 1843, Capt. Richards, of the Government brig, “Victoria,” wrote as follows to
“I have the honour to report that at the repeated request of the Chief Magistrate of Nelson, I consented, on his representation of the urgency of the case, to depart so far from the strict letter of my instructions as to convey that officer and a Justice of the Peace, together with 35 men, to the Wairau, to apprehend on a warrant, two native chiefs. That expedition having terminated disastrously with loss of life and total dispersion of the party. I deemed it proper to proceed here for the purpose
of procuring medical assistance for any who might be wounded. I have, etc., R Richards .”
(Vide New Zealand Journal. 25th May, 1844, p. 472.)
In “Wakefield's Adventure,” page 603, the following extracts occur:—“When we reached Tunuhaere, strange reports were shouted to us from the Pas and potato gardens as we glided lazily along in the glowing sunset.… . A shout came clear and distinct over the water, and I felt faint at each word: ‘There has been a fight’; and ‘Rauparaha killed Wideawake and 40 white people—no natives were killed.’ I tried to laugh it off, and ‘Kuru’ kept telling me it was all ‘tito’ (lies). But from each little settlement or hut the same story still rang, with varying additional circumstances, but all agreeing that Wide-awake was dead. I thought they meant my uncle in Port Nicholson, and could not understand how any fighting could have occurred There.… There was no longer any doubt. An Englishman had seen the Government brig arrive in Wellington and land Mr. Tuckett, the Chief Surveyor of Nelson, and two white men and a native who were dreadfully wounded, but had managed to escape from the combat which had taken place on the Wairau, near Cloudy Bay. It was supposed that no others had escaped out of a party of 40 Englishmen who had gone from Nelson to the Wairau Plains to assist the Police Magistrate and two other magistrates in executing a warrant upon Rauparaha and Rangihaeata. He knew no more details; but he knew that my uncle, Captain Wakefield and Mr. Thompson were among those slain, for he had received an account of this from Rauparaha himself at Otaki, on his way hither from Wellington.”
“This messenger also told me that about 70 volunteers had embarked with Colonel Wakefield on board the brig, and were going to Cloudy Bay in hopes of saving their fellow-countrymen, but he had, of course, learned at Otaki that they would be too late.”
“The deputation from the Wellington Magistrates, with Dr. Dorset, sailed for Cloudy Bay on Wednesday the 21st. On arriving there, they found that Mr. Ironside, the Wesleyan Missionary stationed at Cloudy Bay, had been to Wairoa with two boats' companies of whalers, had discovered seventeen of the dead bodies, and having no alternative, had already commenced their interment on the spot, according to the rites of the Church of England.
“The bodies of Captain Wakefield, Mr. Thompson, Captain England, Mr. Richardson, Mr. Howard, Bumforth, Cropper, Gardiner and Coster, were found near the spot where the last of those who escaped left them alive, lying within 20 yards of each other, in their clothes as they fell. Captain Wakefield's coat and waist-coat alone had been stripped off, and under his head was found a piece of bread, and a pistol across his throat.”
An answer to an address issued to natives on the 24th June, 1843, was couched in the following terms:—
“Friends—Listen to the above saying, and good is the saying of the white man to search out the truth of who is to blame—perhaps it is the white man, perhaps it is the Maori. Do not spread false reports respecting the matter; do not talk much about it, and let all the Maoris at every place know this.
From your friends ,
Wi Tako , Moturoa, and Wairarapa.”
Mr. McDonogh's reply was worded thus:—
“Remain quiet on the subject of this lamentable event. Remain at your several positions, and pursue your intercourse with the people of Port Nicholson as usual.”
N.Z. Journal 6th January 1844, p. 339.
The newly formed volunteer corps profited well under their drilling, except a troop of about 20 cavalry, composed of gentry, whose horses were not accustomed to the drums or to the banging of the sabres about their ribs. There were about 400 bayonets mustered; and a rifle corps of about 100, composed of the higher class. They were well drilled by Major Durie, the Chief Commandant of the volunteers, who received special praise for the appearance and evolutions of the latter body.
The Government brig was despatched to Auckland on the 30th June, and Dr. Evans was deputed to represent the whole circumstances to the Acting Governor.
The Government brig returned from Auckland to Wellington on the 24th July, 1843, and soon after she was anchored the reveille sounded from the bugler of the detachment of troops on board, and was answered by the different divisions of volunteers on shore.
The passengers in the brig were Major Richmond, newly appointed Police Magistrate for Port Nicholson: Colonel Godfrey, Land Commissioner:
The wooden immigration barracks of the Company were at once placed at their disposal by Colonel Wakefield as a temporary location, and there they remained for a lengthy period.
The letter here reproduced, written to the inhabitants of the settlement of Nelson on the 11th of July, 1843, expressed the sympathy and condolence of the signatories.
The original letter is in the “National Historical Collection,” and a copy is in the possession of the Blenheim Borough Council.
The writer is indebted to
Mr. Furness' father,
Major Richmond, soon after landing, accompanied by Mr. Hanson and Mr Spain, went to Major Durie's house to request that he would take immediate steps for the disbanding of the Rifle Corps of Volunteers under his command. And a proclamation was placarded about the town on the 26th July, 1843, warning the settlers against the “unlawful assemblage of people under arms.”
This was the third time during three years and a half that the settlers had been compelled by an emergency to meet in arms.
Two days after an amendment appeared in the paper, signed by Mr. Hanson, Crown Prosecutor, in which he stated that the offensive terms of the proclamation were attributable to him and used inadvertently.
Meetings were again held, and resolutions passed, expressive of the disgust of the settlers at the proceedings.
Major Richmond, who had been to Nelson, returned on the 6th August, and a meeting was held to concert their measures. Those present were Mr. Chas. Clifford, Mr.
The Mayor, Mr. Hunter, had died a day or two before the arrival of the Government brig, Mr. Guyton was ill in bed, Mr. Swainson away protecting the abode of his family against the encroachments and annoyances of “Dog's Ear” and the other natives of the Hutt, and Colonel Wakefield and Mr. St. Hill were at Nelson.
At the first meeting the right of the Justices of the Peace to meet as a body was established, a chairman was elected and other business was done. Representations were made concerning reports circulated that danger was to be feared at the Hutt. For there, about two miles from Aglionby, a constable had tried to apprehend a native who had been guilty of theft from a white man's house; but he had been surrounded by friends of the culprit, flourishing spears and tomahawks, and was roughly handled. Rauparaha and Rangihaeata were said to be forming a new Pa at the entrance of Porirua Harbour, and there was an assemblage there of 200 men. The Police Magistrate was asked to rescind his prohibitory proclamation as the 53 Grenadiers would be insufficient to protect their own barracks in case of a sudden attack by the natives. It was ultimately resolved that the settlers act for themselves and continue to drill.
On the 28th August a native of Pipitea Pa entered the house of
This, and other matters, chiefly at the Hutt, caused uneasiness and dissatisfaction amongst the settlers. Wakefield's Adventures in New Zealand.
The following appeared in the New Zealand Journal, dated 1st March, 1844, p. 382:—
“Rauparaha and Rangihaeata and their followers are building a very extensive Pa at Porirua,
on the cleared land near Tom's (Thom's) place. These gentry, believing it was intended to do nothing concerning the massacre, have become greater braggarts every day, and talked of the white man with contemptuous indifference.” Taupo Pa, Plimmerton.
The consciousness of impunity had so increased among the natives, that a repetition of the affair that happened in August took place in the same Pa, under similar circumstances, and with the same performers. Major Richmond, in a letter to the Governor at Auckland thus describes the occurrence:—
“Wellington ,5th December, 1843 .
“My Dear Sir, “As I have been obliged, much to my regret, to call out the military in aid of the civil power, I take advantage of the sailing of “The Sisters” to give you a hasty sketch of the affair.… . On Thursday last, a constable, who was in search of stolen goods, detected some of them in a box belonging to or in charge of a young chief; and while endeavouring with the assistance of two other constables, to take him into custody, they were attacked, knocked down, and ill-treated by all the natives who were in the Pa at the time. I hastened to the spot and found the native and his party were still determined to set the law at defiance, and refused to yield to the civil force. I was reluctantly compelled to call upon the military. Their appearance brought them to reason, and I was enabled, without further difficulty, to lodge the prisoner in the new gaol.
Next morning, not wishing to cause any excitement by sending the military through the town to bring him before me at the Police Court, I directed the constables to conduct him. They used every precaution, but, when opposite the Pa, the prisoner contrived to slip his hand out of the handcuff which attached him to one of the constables, and bounded into the Pa; when the whole of the natives immediately turned out, armed, to protect him.
“I gave Mr. Clarke a certain time to endeavour to get him to go quietly with the constables to the Police Office; but both the prisoner and the rest of the tribe refused, and I was again obliged to call for the assistance of the military. The natives were awed by their presence and the chief surrendered… I have written to all the magistrates, Mr. Hadfield, and other gentlemen of the Mission along the coast, that they may give the
natives a true version of the business; and although those at the Pipitea Pa, where the prisoner was taken from, are rather sulky, I do not apprehend any mischief, especially as the nearest relative of the prisoner says he shall not interfere and will be angry with any native that does.” With great esteem ,
(Signed). M. Richmond
His Excellency Willoughby Shortland.”
The trial took place on the 19th December, 1843.
The prisoner, guarded on either side by a Grenadier with his fire-lock and bayonet, glanced angrily upon the crowd of anxious townspeople who thronged the Court. The troops were ready to turn out at a moment's notice, and the Commanding Officer was anxiously looking towards the Pa, about 50 yards off (see illus. Wellington, 1841), as though he expected a sudden rescue, while the Ensign, also on duty, was watching the proceedings inside the Court. At their termination, the prisoner was guarded to the new gaol, about a mile off, by a file of soldiers.
When the stolen things were seen in the prisoner's box, clothes, said to have been worn by Milne the night he was murdered and stripped, were also seen and identified.
Meanwhile the natives held meetings at all the Pas, and numerous strangers arrived.
At an early hour the Court was crowded with both natives and settlers. The Judge entered the Court, accompanied by the Lord Bishop of New Zealand. Dr. Selwyn, who took his seat on the bench. Moturoa, Chief of Pipitea, also sat with him. Counsel was retained for the prisoner and
They retired for an hour and returned an informal verdict. And on reconsideration, after an hour and a half more, they returned a verdict of guilty.
The prisoner, in his evidence, stated that the things he had been accused of stealing belonged to his sister. He was sentenced to two months' imprisonment, with hard labour, in the Wellington gaol.
Upon hearing the sentence the prisoner ioudly complained of the degradation of imprisonment, and requested most earnestly to be killed with a tomahawk!
The trial lasted 10 hours, and the Bishop remained in Court the whole time.
It was now found that the natives contemplated a rescue. Those that had assembled at Pito-one were now understood to have reached Kaiwharawhara. Dr. Evans rode down to them and advised them to retire, but they advanced to Pipitea Pa.
It may be mentioned that the Judge asked
Mr. Halswell had thus the happy art of blending private kindness and attention to the relations of the Maori prisoner, with a strict performance of the public ends of justice.
About this time (1843), the road was finished a mile above the gorge of the Hutt, so that one could ride thither on horseback: and a bridge was nearly completed by the Company over the river just above Mr. Molesworth's large barn and threshing machine. In various spots on the lower valley, settlers were daily being driven off land, which they attempted to occupy, by the natives living near Mr. Swainson's curtailed farm.
The Pas there had become the rendezvous for all the immediate followers of Rauparaha and Rangihaeata and for all the worst characters from many of the tribes. These fugitives and reprobates, living almost without chiefs or subordination, were contented while they could grow potatoes for the market of the town, with a good road along which to carry them; but seemed resolved to prevent the white people from entering into competition with them in this pursuit. They were not to be made friends of. Missionaries, settlers and sawyers were alike laughed at and scorned. Mr. Clarke, Junr., was on one occasion threatened and driven away for attempting to interfere; and they seemed to taint the air in the very path of settlement and civilisation.
25 Maoris on foot;
On arrival at Wellington Te Rauparaha was conducted by the Bishop into the house of the Rev. Mr. Cole, the Anglican Clergyman, whose premises were immediately filled by a crowd of native attendants on the chief.
On June 22nd, 1846,
His son Tamehana (Thompson) gives a detailed account of events leading up to the capture of his father, in Mr. Travers “Stirring Times of
On July 20th, 1846, His Excellency Governor Grey embarked on board the “Driver” with a body of sailors from the “Calliope,” under Capt. Stanley, 100 troops under Major Last, and a detachment of armed police under Major Durie, and proceeded to Porirua.
The capture of
“
The “Spectator,” dated 29th July, 1846, announces the arrival of the “Driver,” having on board as prisoners
Governor Fitzroy's Levee—The Brewer-Ross Duel—Mechanics' Institute—The Militia—Fitzroy's Recall—Troops March to the Hutt—Native Depredations—First Shot in the War Fired—Boulcott's Farm—Allen's Heroism.
The following are extracts from a letter (25th Jan., 1844), written by
“I take the opportunity of writing by the “Tyrian” for London direct.… In the district of Port Nicholson there is only one bank which discounts bills at the present time after the rate of 10 per cent.…”
“A branch of the Oddfellows Lodge was established in June, 1843, comprising 80 members.”
“Land to be cleared for farming is usually let upon lease for 21 years at the following terms:—First four years at peppercorn. Next three for 5/- per acre. Next seven for 10/- per acre, and the remaining seven at 20/- per acre, with a covenant to clear half an acre of land, or thereabouts annually.…”
“Church service is held in the Country Courthouse by the Rev. Cole. Other churches are the Scotch Kirk, Independent Wesleyan, and Roman Catholic.”
“A brick built gaol has also been recently erected on Mt. Cook.”
“We have a theatre adjoining the Ship Hotel and a substantial Billiard room adjoining Barrett's Hotel.” (Hotel Cecil site.)
“A congratulatory address was presented to Captain Fitzroy, signed by upwards of 350 of the inhabitants.”
“I have not yet taken any steps to form a branch here of the New Zealand Society, because I prefer waiting the arrival of Mr. Chapman,
who is expected from Auckland.” Afterwards Mr.
Justice H. S. Chapman .(Signed) . Arthur P. Holroyd
On the evening of the 26th January, 1844, the H.M.S. “North Star” entered the harbour with Captain Fitzroy on board. Mr. F. Dillon Bell was also a passenger.
On Saturday, the 27th, at two o'clock, a Levee, which was very numerously attended,
The arrangements for the Levee were rather undignified; no aide-de-camp, sentries or constables had been appointed to keep the ingress through the French window of the large room in the hotel free. After thanking the deputation for the congratulatory address, His Excellency assured all parties of receiving justice, but deprecated the feelings of the settlers at Wellington against the native population.
On Monday and Tuesday a deputation from the settlers, with a memorial detailing their political wants, waited upon him.
Except as regards the Wairau question, which he passed over by reminding his hearers “that our countrymen were the aggressors,” his promises gave general satisfaction.
On the 3rd February His Excellency sailed for Nelson, the day after a ball which he and the officers of the “North Star” were invited by the settlers, and returned from Nelson on the 16th, but his attitude towards the settlers this time did not warrant popularity.
On the 26th of February, 1844, a duel was fought between two lawyers in a valley running from the hills to the beach (now Sydney Street).
Upon the first exchange of shots, Mr. Brewer was severely wounded, and died a few days after. A legal difference was the cause.
The “New Zealand Journal” (London), dated 28th September, 1844, p. 579, gives the following account:—
“A duel was fought at Wellington between Mr. W. V. Brewer, barrister, and Mr. Ross, solicitor, Mr. Brewer fired in the air, but received Mr. Ross' ball in the groin, from which wound he died in a few days afterwards.
“Mr. Ross' second was Major Durie, and Mr. (Dr.) Dorset the surgeon in attendance.
“The cause arose from a Government source. These people are sure to be at the bottom of any mischief. Ross, a Government Officer, was defending McDonogh (of proclamation notoriety), in an appeal against a decision which he had given, from circumstances connected with which the quarrel arose. On Mr. Brewer's falling, the parties absconded, but returned on finding that he was not dead. After his death they did not appear to think the precaution necessary. While, to the astonishment of everyone, the Coroner's Jury brought in a verdict of “Died from a gunshot wound, by whom inflicted there was no evidence to prove.” The deceased gentleman was a brother-in-law of Mr. Justice H. S. Chapman, and the brother of the Judge of the County Court at Nelson, and arrived in New Zealand before the occupation of Cook's Strait by the New Zealand Company.
“Ross was, until recently, Attorney General of Van Dieman's Land. The unhappy affair has created the greatest disgust. We shall feel obliged to any of our readers who may have received accounts of this melancholy affair, to forward them to us.”
A great event took place on Friday, 3rd May, 1844, in the “little fishing village,” as Wellington was contemptuously termed
This was the laying of the foundation stone of the Mechanic's Institute, School and Library, by His Honour Major Richmond (Superintendent of the Southern Division of New Zealand), with Grand Masonic honours. The Masonic Ceremonial was arranged as a compliment to
The following Orders marched in Procession to the site of the proposed building (Athenaeum Exchange, Lambton Quay):
(1) Constables.
(2) Band.
(3) Independent Order of Rechabites, Banner,
A tent supported by four boys.
Chief Ruler.
Past Chief Ruler Deputy Chief Ruler.
Scribe. Secretary.
Brothers (two and two).
(4) Independent Order of Oddfellows, Banner.
Arms of the Lodge.
Tylers, with drawn Swords.
Warden, with Broad Axe.
Members of the First Degree (two and two)
Conductors with Bible and Chalice.
Members of the Second Degree (two and two).
Secretary, with Insignia of Office.
Surgeon with Staff and Serpent.
Supporter. Vice-Grand. Supporter.
Members of the Third Degree.
Banner.
Supporter. Supporter.
Noble Grand.
Past Grand. Grand Master. Past Grand.
(5) The Schoolmaster of Mechanics' Institute.
(6) Children of the School (two and two).
(7) Members of Committee (two and two).
(8) Revs. John Macfarlane, S. Ironside and J. Woodward.
(9) His Honour Major Richmond and The Assistant Colonial Secretary.
(10) The Secretary of the Mechanics' Institute.
(11) The Society of Freemasons, viz.: Tyler (with drawn Sword).
Master of Ceremonies. Architect.
(with baton). (bearing plate.)
Visiting Brethren (two and two).
Secretary. Treasurer.
Senior Deacon. Junior Deacon.
Senior Warden. Junior Warden,
(with Level). (with Plumb Rule).
Brother, with Mallet.
Stewards. The Wor. Master. Stewards.
Stewards. Inner Guard. Stewards.
The proceedings were opened by a prayer from the
A plate, engraved by Mr. Marriott, was deposited under the Stone. The inscription, beautifully engraved, was as follows:—
“This Stone was laid May 3rd, A.D., 1844, Aera of Masonry 5844, by His Hon. Major Richmond, assisted by the Masonic and other Lodges, and Committee of Management.”
Patron, His Excellency Governor Fitzroy.
President, Colonel Wakefield.
Vice-Presidents.
Treasurer.
“N.Z. Gazette and Cook Strait Guardian,” 8th May, 1844.Secretary.
The Vessels “Eliza,” with passengers, Messrs. H. L. and
The natives had lost all respect for the authority of the Government, and British authority was brought into contempt by Captain Fitzroy's proceedings. At the same time that Whanganui was threatened, a troublesome chief named Paramata, with a considerable body of natives, created a disturbance at Happy Valley (Nelson). The New Plymouth people were also in great trouble. Some of the settlers sent to Wellington “to engage a vessel to convey a number of persons to South Australia.”
These wars and rumours of wars kept the inhabitants of Wellington and the surrounding districts in a constant state of alarm, and the bugle call “to arms” was frequently heard.
At Windy Point (immediately behind Barrett's Hotel, Dominion Steps), cannon were placed in position, and the inhabitants enrolled; for the city had to do “sentry go.”
The Militia Ordinance was passed on the 25th March, 1845, signed by
An address to the inhabitants of Port Nicholson and fellow Colonists, from the Superintendent and the Magistrates of Wellington, was published in the local newspapers, and the “New Zealand Journal,” dated 11th October, 1845. The following announcement appeared in the latter issue, of which a few extracts are given:—
“The Town will be divided into three districts, viz.:—
“
Te Aro District.—All portion of Town south of Boulcott Street.“
Central District.—From Boulcott St. to Sydney St., including Karori Road District.“
Thorndon Districtcomprises the whole of the Town to the north of Sydney Street, including Wade's Town andKai Warra (Kaiwharawhara).“
Hutt.—A separate District.“A place of refuge will be selected and fortified in each district. Every person capable of bearing arms is required to come forward and be sworn in, as rapidly as possible, as a Special Constable. A Magistrate will attend for the present at Bethune and Hunter's store (old Custom House Street), from 1 to 2, for
Te Aro . Mr. Grace's house at Kumutoto (Woodward Street), from 11 to 12, for the Central. The Police Office, Thorndon, from 11 to 12, and BurchaMcs house, for the Hutt; also at places of drill.“
Officers for Te Aro District.—A McDonogh, Esq.; Capt. Sharp; Major Hornbrook; Major Durie; and Mr.Halswell, J.P. “
Central District.—Colonel Wakefield, J.P.; Capt.Daniell, J.P. ; E. Chatham, Esq., J.P.; and Dr. Dorset.“
Thorndon District. — Capt.Smith, J.P. ; Mr. St. Hill, J.P.; Mr.Clifford, J.P. ; and Major Baker.“
Hutt District.—Hon. H. Petre, Esq., J.P.; W. Swainson, J.P.; and Mr. Compton.“Major Richmond in command of all.
“All required to attend drill at 5 p.m., Monday.
, A. Chetham
Clerk to Magistrates.”
“All persons, with few exceptions, between the ages of 18 and 60, are liable, if fit, to service within 25 miles of the Police Office, and to a drill of 28 days in every year.
“An alarm will be a gun fired in the enclosure adjoining Major Richmond's residence, and at the Barracks at
So read the memorandum addressed to the settlers at Parade.
“Places of security are being made by surrounding the immigration houses and Clifford's house at Thorndon Flat, with a strong mud wall and deep broad trench. Similar defences are being thrown up from Watt's store to Ridgway Hickson & Co., on the water side, and from LudhaMcs house to Dr. Hansard's, in Manners Street” (locality of Bank of New Zealand and Bethune and Hunter's cattle yard), “and connecting them with defences along each of the side lines. A place of defence and refuge for the centre division of the town is to be erected on the hill, just behind Northwood and Drake's brewery.”
“A battery has been erected on Clay Hill (above
“At Thorndon Flat another battery was in progress at the period of the arrival of the military from Auckland, but has not been proceeded with since the arrival of the soldiers of the 96th Regiment, numbering 53.
“The Police Magistrate undertook to charge the Government with the cost of its completion. And a local subscription has meanwhile been entered into to meet the expenses.
“A Military sub-committee has been formed, comprising Captain Daniell, Captain Sharp, Captain Smith, Major Baker, Major Hornbrook, Captain Robinson, Dr. Dorset, Mr.
“The Companies of Militia stationed in the Town of Wellington will patrol every morning from 5 to 7 a.m. No. 1. the district from Thorndon Flat to the station of the 58th Regiment. No. 4. from Kumutoto Stream (Woodward Street), to Thorndon Flat. No. 2. from Te Aro Flat to Kumutoto Stream. These patrols will consist of a non-commissioned officer and four men, and will move in the rear of the town. The detachment of the 58th and 96th Regiments will protect the flanks, and patrol at the same hours, the former in the direction of Wade's Town, the latter towards the signal station at Evan's Bay.
“The Cavalry Corps, when formed, will patrol the roads leading to Karori and Porirua.
“A guard of the Militia, consisting of a sergeant, corporal and twelve men will mount daily at Thorndon Fort.
“Definite instructions have not yet been received relative to the pay of the Militia, but for the present it will be the same as the non-commissioned officers and privates of the line. Those working at the batteries between the hours of drill will receive 10d. a day extra.“ “N.Z. Journal, 3rd January, 1846, and 1st March, 1846.
The “Spectator” of October 11th, 1845 gives a detailed account of the proceedings when Governor Fitzroy, who was recalled by the Home Government departed from New Zealand.
Captain Grey, who superseded him, arrived at Auckland on the 14th of November, 1845.
Despite the anxiety caused by the warlike
The following Monday a “dinner” was partaken at Mr. D. Munn's Cottage of Content to celebrate the Anniversary of Scotland's Patron Saint.
A letter, written by
Taupo Now Plimmerton.
19th January, 1846 .“We used to hear what your intentions really were; then our minds were free from anxiety; and however frequently it may have been said to us by white persons: ‘Your land will be forced from you; you will be destroyed.’ Mr. Hadfield used at once to say: ‘Regard not these expressions,’ whereupon our irritable feelings became calmed.
“.… . We are anxious that the laws of the Queen should be firmly and permanently established among us, that by that means we may be raised to a more enlightened state; for we have already Ministers of God teaching us the laws of God.”
The signatures attached were:—
On February 11th, 1845, H.M.S. “Calliope,” Capt. Stanley, arrived at Wellington; on the following day His Excellency Governor Grey, accompanied by Mrs. Grey, paid a visit to the port in the “H.M.S. Castor.”
The first steamer to enter Port Nicholson, H.M. Steamer “Driver.” arrived on the same day (12th).
On the 24th February, 1845, troops, comprising men of the 99th, 58th and 96th Regiments marched to the Hutt District, under the command of Colonel Hulme, to expel the intruding natives.
They comprised one hundred men of the 99th, commanded by Major Last. Captain Armstrong' and Lieut. Elliott; one hundred and forty men of the 58th, commanded by Lieut.-Adj. McLerie, Capt. Hardy, and Lieut. Leigh; and sixty of the 96th, under the command of Acting Brigade-Major McAndrew, Capt. Snodgrass, Capt. Eyton, Lieut Mundell and Lieut. Cervantes, accompanied by His Excellency the Governor, and encamped respectively at various positions near the river.
On Thursday, the 26th, thirty-five of the 96th, under Capt. Eyton, and seventy-six men of the 58th, commanded by Capt. Hardy, returned to Wellington.
A few days later forty-two of the 96th, seventy-three of the 99th, and ninety-four of the 58th proceeded to the Hutt. Two hundred men were stationed at the encampment until the new block house was completed.
Troops arriving by the “Slains Castle” were quartered in the barracks at
A band of natives pillaged the Waiwhetu District on March 1st, robbing on this occasion Messrs. Hart Udy, Thos.
Rations were supplied to the sufferers by order of the Government.
Colonel Wakefield rode over to the Hutt on the following morning to ask for arms for the volunteers, and on the Governor's arrival there, arms were distributed. Fifty volunteers, under the command of Mr. Watt guarded the upper passes of the Hutt to intercept the marauders, while a picquet of soldiers were stationed at Mr. Boulcott's farm to cut off their retreat in that direction. The natives escaped with their booty and crossed the river near Mr. Swainson's.
On Monday (3rd March), a party of rebels visited the Hutt District and carried away a quantity of potatoes from Mr. Mason's section, just above the spot where the camp formerly stood.
On Tuesday another party robbed a settler named Leverton of potatoes and 3 pigs, which they killed and carried away; they also took away his blankets and other property.
A party of Militia, under the command of Mr. Watt, followed on their track, but it was night before they came up with them, and as they were ignorant that Martial Law had been proclaimed, they refrained from firing. At daybreak Major Durie went up the Hutt with a party of Police to scour the valley and co-operate with the Militia in the necessary measures for the protection of the settlers.
On March 9th His Excellency proceeded to Porirua in the “Driver,” accompanied by the “Castor,” with 160 troops, under Colonel
His Excellency, when in Wellington, then occupied a suite of apartments at Barrett's Hotel.
On the 2nd April, Andrew Gillespie and his son, of 13 years, were murderously attacked and were found by a Militia man at the Hutt River.
On arriving at Jackson's, they apprehended two deserters of the 99th, who were staying there.
The party stayed at Jackson's all night, and in the morning proceeded to Mr. Cowper's. An interview took place between Ensign Cervantes and Rauparaha, who informed him that Rangihaeata would not give up the murderers without a struggle, and that he espoused the cause of the Hutt intruders heart and hand.
Later, a native arrived in Town, bringing despatches to the Governor, containing the above-mentioned intelligence. Orders were instantly issued for Her Majesty's Ships “Driver” and “Castor” to prepare for sailing; and 260 men of the 58th, 96th and 99th Regiments were conveyed on board.
In the meanwhile poor Gillespie, after lingering for two days and three nights, expired, unconscious to the last. The body of the son was brought over from the Hutt and placed in the Episcopalian Church, and after the inquest. Mr. Gillespie's body also was placed by his son's in the church until the funeral, which, when it occurred, was attended by a large concourse of people.
The Gillespies were buried in the old cemetery, close to the Bolton Street boundary fence, about opposite the old vicarage.
On April 9th, 1846, the “Castor,” “Driver” and the “Slains Castle” (transport), proceeded to Porirua with troops, and established a Military Station on the site of the old whaling station belonging to Mr. J. Thoms, generally known as “Geordie Bolts.”
On the 13th April, 1846, the armed police were embodied, and Major Durie was appointed Inspector.
The following day the Porirua Road was commenced by the soldiers, and Martial Law was again proclaimed in the Southern District on the 20th April.
On the 16th May, 1846, fifty men of the
Sergeant Ingram also died of wounds, received on the 16th. Privates P. Bevan, T. Taylor and J. Ward were wounded.
During the fighting at Boulcott's Farm, at the Hutt, on the 16th May, 1846, a bugler named Allen, belonging to the 58th Regiment, espied a body of rebels coming stealthily forward to attack the detachment of troops stationed there. He was in the act of sounding an alarm on the bugle to give warning to the regiment, when he was struck by a tomahawk on his right arm. He placed the bugle in his left hand, when that limb was also struck. Then, placing the bugle between his knees, he effected his purpose, but was instantly brained with the tomahawk. His heroic act saved the whole detachment from being massacred.
An account of this incident is given in The writer has since been informed that the author of the lines was the Rev. Archdeacon A. V. Towgood, late of Marton, Rangitikei, who died at the age of 84 on the 20th July, 1925, and was buried in the old Whanganui Cemetery.
Allen's bugle was carried away as a trophy and subsequently recovered in one of Rangihaeata's deserted camps at Horokiwi Valley. This incident was related by
Correspondents to the “New Zealand Journal,” dated 10th October, express themselves thus:—
“After getting rid of the Maoris on the Hutt, His Excellency decided on building a block house and maintaining a post of 100 men somewhere about Mason's section. Instead of this being done, the Superintendent and his co-adjutors objected to the amount of the tenders for building the block house, and the Governor, yielding to them, the soldiers fell back to Boulcott's barn, where they were attacked. Captain Hardy, who was appointed to command at this spot, was removed to the stockade at the bridge. Thus there were only forty-two men under a subaltern, instead of one hundred under a captain. A post was established at Porirua of about one hundred and fifty men., which Major Last commanded.”
The “New Zealand Spectator,” of the 23rd May, contains a graphic description of the attack of the 16th; also an account of a meeting at Barrett's Hotel, convened to adopt measures of defence. Mr. S. Revans ocupied the chair. The speakers were Messrs.
One hundred and twenty men attended the first muster at Te Aro Parade ground, at 7 a.m.
Some Te Aro natives who had been at the Hutt reported that the rebels had returned there, their fires having been seen on the hills; and that
On Monday, 18th May, 1846, a meeting was held at the Aurora Tavern and Messrs. Daniell, Revans, Lyon, Cooper, Vincent, Annear, Wade, Clifford, McDonald, Bethune, Dr. Featherston and others were the speakers. Mr. Wade proposed, and
These were served out at the Thorndon Fort, and Te Aro Militia marched in a body to the Aurora Tavern, where
It was arranged that Mr. Wade, with others, should take temporary command for the night. Mr. St. Hill supplied sixty more of the Militia with arms, at the Aurora Tavern. At midnight the volunteers met at Bevan's place, Te Aro Flat, and formed guards and pickets.
The Militia in Wellington was disbanded about the 23rd May, and it was intended to reduce the numbers stationed at Taita to 25 men, who would be placed under the command of Major McDonogh.
On June 15th, 1846, Richard Rush was murdered in the Hutt District by the rebels, and on the 16th a skirmish of a detachment of troops, under Capt. Reid, took place with the natives at the Hutt, when Lieut. Herbert and four soldiers were wounded. One subsequently died of wounds. On the same date an engagement of the Militia from
“On Saturday last, October 24th, 1846,” states the “New Zealand Journal,” London. “Cemino, the Master of the Cutter ‘
“On receipt of the order, Messrs. Kebbell, Cook, and Compton, with the chief Taratoa, took a canoe and pulled up the long reach. On arriving on a line with Para-tawao, the position occupied by Rangihaeata, they landed and proceeded to the Pa.
“Mr. Kebbel asked the rebel chief why the settlers were to leave. Rangihaeata answered: ‘I can answer for the conduct of the men at present with me, but natives are coming from Rangitikei, and all parts to join me, and I cannot answer for their conduct’; further, he said: ‘I will not take you by surprise, like Rauparaha was taken; I give you warning, and you had better go.’ Rangihaeata told Mr. Cook to look out, for if he caught him in two or three days, he would murder him, in consequence of some report having got abroad amongst the natives that Mr. Cook was concerned in the apprehension of
“On the return of the party, the settlers determined to leave the district, but were persuaded by the chief of a small tribe, who had been friendly disposed, to remain till they heard from Wellington.
“About 150 rebels are encamped at Poroutawao, and an accession of 300 from Rangitikei was hourly expected.
“Cemino was compelled to bring back most of his cargo.”
The “New Zealand Journal,” of the 15th January, 1848, contains a list of killed and wounded in action during these troublous times:—
Private Wm. Weller, 5th Company, 58th Regiment, killed.
Lieut. Barnard, Grenadiers, 65th Regiment, wounded.
Gunner Wm.
Gunner Wm.
Sergeant Wm. Gibson, 58th Regiment, wounded.
Private H. Storey. 58th Regiment, wounded.
Private Wm. Dunn, 58th Regiment, wounded.
Private M. Rogers, 58th Regiment, wounded.
Sergeant Thos. Kells, 65th Regiment, wounded.
Corporal Wm. Allsopp, 65th Regiment, wounded.
Private Jas. Fryan, 65th Regiment, wounded.
Herikiwa Ruawiwi, a Ngatitoa ally, wounded.
Some time after the events recorded above, the Pito-one friendly natives, the Waiwhetu, and those of the Pas in Wellington who were engaged in the Military operations against Rangihaeata during the Maori trouble, assembled before Major Richmond's house to receive the pay due to them from the Government. May 8th, 1847.
The “New Zealand Journal,” of January 15th, 1848, contains, amongst other interesting items, an account of an episode occuring at Pito-one, and the following letter, addressed to
“Friend E' Puni,—Great is my love to you on account of your benignity to the men of my tribe. Therefore I have sent a silver cup to our friend Wide-awake (Colonel Wakefield), as a free gift from me to you. For you, then, is this cup.
“Lo! If perhaps you should die hereafter; the words outside it shall live forever to commemorate your children your chieftain like attitude and as a call to your children and grand children that they should do likewise to the white men.
However, long may this cup remain with you. But if hereafter your death should be near, lo! give it your eldest son as an heir-loom; tell him also, as a sacred commandment that he and his commandment to his son be the same.
“Wide-awake constantly praises the straightness of your mind.
“Here, indeed, Wide-awake and all the white men who have seen you, praise you. Remain now your place.
“Concluding is the speech of your loving loving friend,
,Alexander Currie
New Zealand House ,
November 30th, 1846 .“To E' Puni, the Chief of Pito-one, Wellington, New Zealand.”
“A number of persons met at Pito-one upon the occasion of the presentation to the Chief E' Puni, of a silver cup, the gift of
Alexander Currie , Esq., of London, in commemoration of the services rendered by him in assembling his people in defence of the Hutt District in 1846. After M. Le Compte, the Catholic Minister, had read the letter to E' Puni in the midst of his people, the Hon. Mrs. Petre presented the cup to him with a recommendation to receive it as a mark of approbation of his conduct on the occasion referred to and of his uniform, upright conduct towards the Colonials since the establishment of the settlement.”“The old gentleman expressed his gratification with the present and a perfect appreciation of its object.
The native people then regaled themselves with a copious repast provided for them on the occasion.
“The translation of the inscription on the cup (now in
Mary Te Puni 's possession) is as follows:—“To E. Puni. Chief of the Ngatiawa Tribe of New Zealanders, his loving friend
Alexander Currie has given this cupin order to commemorate, with kind esteem, thee greatness of his constant excellent doing to the men of England, from their first arrival at Petone in January, 1840, down to the present time. “In order to commemorate his magnanimous behaviour in May, 1846, when he assembled his children in arms as a safeguard for the bodies and property of his white friends.
“ London ,November, 1846 .”
The consummation of his desire for peace and the distracting and strenuous endeavours to obtain it, imposed a severe tax on his splendid constitution, and he resigned his office through ill-health in 1876.
He is further referred to in the Biographical Sketches in this work.
Meetings were arranged at various places between Europeans and Natives, and Mr. McLean addressed the assemblies in the European and Maori languages. A view of one of the later meetings, and the following article, appeared in the “Illustrated London News,” Oct. 31st, 1863.
Referring to the assemblage of Europeans and Natives, the “News” states:—“The former were invited to attend, so as to afford each party an opportunity of expressing to the other their doubts and fears in the troublous times of the settlements.”
The “News” continues an article describing one of these meetings at a native village named “Pah Whakairo” (about 10 miles from Napier), and states:—“
“At Mr. McLean's feet is an aged Chief named Porokoro, seated in a wheelbarrow, in which he had been conveyed. He was the first to address the meeting.
“In the foreground are a number of calabashes containing ‘Titis,’ small birds cooked and preserved in their own fat.
“The importance of these meetings,” continues the “News,” “cannot be too highly estimated at the present juncture in the affairs of the Colony.…
“They had their due effects upon other tribes, as some emissaries of the tribes in rebellion were usually present.
“Mr. McLean is seen near the centre of the group, with his head uncovered.”
Evidences of confidence reposed in the “man of the hour” are contained in the following letter concerning the social life in the settlement, written by
“I write you to say that after a tedious voyage we arrived safe at last. Our ship was leaking all the way, but very trifling damage was done. Wellington, I can truly say, exceeds my expectations. It is really a busy commercial place, very good company, and now, with naval and military men, we are, and have been, very gay. The races would have done credit to a good provincial town, and the Balls given by the Colonists and Officers at Barrett's are not to be outdone in England; there was a style about the affairs I did not expect. The natives here seem a civil and inoffensive race, very much inclined to traffic and very Jewish in their dealings.”
The survey of the Coast of New Zealand was now contemplated, as evinced by the following letter from the Secretary of the Admiralty to the New Zealand Company, dated 5th July, 1847, and published in the “N.Z. Journal,” 3rd June, 1848:—
“I am commanded by the Lords Commissioners of the Admiralty to acquaint you, for the information of the Deputy Governor and the Directors of the New Zealand Company, that two officers have been appointed to survey the coasts and harbours of that Colony, and will shortly proceed there.”
A ball was held at Barrett's Hotel in honour of Captain Stanley and the Officers of the “Calliope.” A room was run up by the committee expressly for the occasion, 56 feet long by about 30 feet in width, covered with sails procured from the two men-of-war in harbour. The room was tastefully set out with designs painted by Mr. Marriott, and when lit up, had a most brilliant effect. His Excellency, the Lieut. Governor, Colonel Gold and about 200 ladies and gentlemen were present to do honour to the visitors.
The excellent band of the 65th Regiment was in attendance, and the arrangements reflected the highest credit on Mr. Suisted, the Proprietor of the hotel (Barrett's, Hotel Cecil site). “N.Z. Journal,” 8th April, 1848.
A meeting for the purpose of electing a Committee of Management for the Mechanics' Institute, was held on the 19th August, 1848, at the rear room of the Wellington Tavern.
The Institute had suffered, with the Colony, from the general depression in Captain Fitzroy's time, and had been for the last four years in a state of abeyance. Efforts were made by the members of the old Committee to bring the Institute once more into a state of useful existence. The Officers elected were:—His Hon. Mr. Justice Chapman, President; Messrs. Wm. Lyon, and G. Moore, Vice-Presidents; Messrs. E. “N.Z. Spectator,” 19th August, 1848.
The sub-committee appointed to take into consideration the affairs of the Institute
The “New Zealand Spectator and Cook Strait Guardian,” 23rd September, 1848, writes thus on this sad occasion:—
“Colonel Wakefield died on Tuesday, 19th inst., after an illness of four days. He visited the baths during the afternoon of Friday at about a quarter to five, for the purpose of taking a warm bath. After the bath he was observed to stagger forward from the doorway opening into the court yard, as if he were ill. Assistance was immediately procured, when it was found that he had been seized with a severe apoplectic fit. He was immediately removed to a bedroom in the Wellington Tavern, where, during his last illness every care and attention was shown him. Mr. Muirhead, Assistant surgeon of H.M. Ship “Dido,” and Dr. Featherston, both of whom happened to be near, were in immediate attendance, and did all that was possible for medical skill to effect, but all proved unavailing, and he expired yesterday morning, the 19th, at a quarter to 9 o'clock. This event has created a feeling of deep and universal sorrow, not only among the Colonists, but also among the aboriginal inhabitants of the settlement.”
“Pall Bearers: Pall Bearers:
The Body.
H. St. Hill, Esq., R.M. J. Kelham, Esq. J.P.
A. Ludlam, Esq. E. Puni.
Chief Mourners.
F. Dillon Bell, Esq., J.P.
His Excellency the Governor-in-Chief.
His Excellency the Lieutenant-Governor.
Officers who served with Colonel Wakefield in the Peninsula.
Major Baker, J.P. Major Durie, J.P.
Mr. Dorset. Major Hornbrook.
The Officers of the New Zealand Company.
Lieut.-Col. Gold and the Officers of Her Majesty's 65th Regiment.
Capt. Oliver and the Officers of Her Majesty's Ship “Fly.”
The Officers of Her Majesty's Commissariat.
The Officers of the Local Government.
Private friends of Colonel Wakefield.
Colonists.
Natives.
“The stores and places of business in Wellington all closed; the flags of the different merchants and coasting vessels in harbour were half-mast high, and the public offices of the local Government closed. About four o'clock p.m. the mournful procession began to move from Colonel Wakefield's late residence, and, in order to give sufficient space to the processon to form, proceeded down Kumutoto Street (Bowen Street), along Lambton Quay in front of the Domain, and up Molesworth and Sydney Streets, to the Church, which was completely filled, and a considerable number of persons were obliged to remain outside. The Rev. R. Cole read the
“We believe that each Colonist, according to his inclination and means, will feel disposed to testify his regret by contributing towards a monument to mark the spot where rests the founder of the first and principal Settlement, and the leader of systematic colonisation in New Zealand.” “Spectator,” 4th October, 1848, and “N.Z. Journal,” 10/2/1849.
A meeting of some of the friends of the late Colonel Wakefield was held at the Aurora Tavern on Saturday, 30th of September, 1848, for the purpose of making arrangements for collecting suscriptions to erect a monument to his memory. The chair was taken by the Hon. H. Petre, and several resolutions were passed for the furtherance of the object of the meeting. The subscriptions were limited to one guinea. Major Baker was requested to act as secretary.
“The incription on the tomb of the late Colonel Wakefield in the Church of Thorndon Flat (now in the Wakefield Plot, Sydney Street, Cemetery), reads thus:— “Sacred to the Memory of
“Colonel Wakefield was the fourth son of
“This inscription is from the pen of the Colonial Secretary, the Hon. A. Domett, but there is a mistake in the statement of his having served as Secretary to the British Minister at Turin. It was his elder brother, “N.Z. Journal,” 3rd November, 1849, p. 254.
A month after Colonel Wakefield's death, the inhabitants of Wellington were greatly alarmed by the most appalling earthquake shocks ever experienced.
The “Wellington Independent,” of October 18th, 1848, published a graphic account of the shocks which commenced on October 16th:—
“About half past one o'clock a.m. this morning (Monday), a distant hollow roar
“During Monday three or four slight quiverings were experienced. The weather cleared off in the evening, and the stars made their appearance, but few slept during the night, and at four o'clock and at half past seven in the morning, two slight shocks took place.
“Yesterday business was at a standstill though the shops were opened as usual. At half past three o'clock, a slight shock passed through the earth; this was followed by a severe one. Every house rocked and quivered like a ship in a gale of wind at sea, and several buildings either fell in or were so shaken as to endanger the inmates or those who passed beneath. Shocking to relate, Barrack Master Sergeant Lovell and two of his children, one, a girl of about four years, and the other, a boy of eight, who were passing down Farish Street, were buried beneath the falling bricks and rubbish which fell from the wall surrounding Mr. Fitzherbert's stores. They were immediately dug out, but we grieve to state that the little girl was quite dead, and the boy was so injured that he expired at eleven o'clock last night. The unfortunate father received severe injuries, but considering the awful nature of his affliction, he is doing better than could have been expected. The Colonial Hospital was severely damaged, so the patients were removed to Government House. The patients at the Military Hospital (locality Sturdee Street), were removed to the wooden barracks at Mount Cook, and the prisoners were taken from the gaol and placed in custody of the soldiery. Tuesday night passed over and daylight at length dawned. Many walked about all night and did not trust themselves in any place of shelter, while numbers found tents and covering in the open air. At 3.40 (Tuesday), severe shocks occurred which completed the ruin of the damaged houses and stores.
“On Wednesday morning the tide rose to an unusual height, overflowing part of Lambton Quay and all the sections at the head of the bay fronting the water.”
The sensation experienced on board H.M.S. “Fly” is described to have been as though the vessel had suddenly grounded. The shock was felt most in the fore part of the ship, and all the men ran up on the deck. The barque “Subraon” was at the time lying at anchor in the harbour, and several people took advantage of an offer made by the Captain to take refuge on board.
Fearful of another such visitation, many settlers with their families determined to leave the Colony for Australia, and took passage in the “Subraon,” bound for
The homeless were sheltered by those who were fortunate enough to be living in wooden houses and the ministers of the several denominations likewise performed good offices, and prayers were offered morning and evening in all the churches left standing, and in most of the private houses of the settlers. On Wednesday (18th), two or three slight shocks were felt, but the “Independent” was issued from the Press about 12 a.m.
On Thursday (19th), St. Peter's.
Friday 20th was set apart by proclamation by His Excellency the Lieutenant Governor, to be observed as a general day of public fast, prayer and humiliation. The audiences were unusually large, attentive and devout. To prevent alarm, most of the services were held in the open air, and were performed by the
For the first time on record in the history of the Hebrew faith in New Zealand, those of the Hebrew faith united with the other churches, and met at the house of Mr. Samuel, Kumutoto, on the same day (Friday). (“N.Z. Spectator,” 25th Oct., 1848.)
Slight shocks were felt at intervals during that day. Sergeant Lovell, after lingering until this time, expired during the morning, and was buried with military honours the following day (Saturday, 21st). The band of the 65th Regiment preceded the large gathering of people to his grave. During Saturday, slight shocks were felt at intervals of three or four hours, and a meeting of merchants and others engaged in business was held in Mr. Waitt's store, for the purpose of adopting such measures as were necessary in the present crisis.
Mr. Wm. Hickson occupied the chair. It was unanimously resolved to request His Excellency the Lieutenant Governor to enforce such measures as would prevent persons leaving the Colony without a sufficient previous notice of their intention, and that he would be pleased to provide for the public safety by the appointment of a Board of Survey.
A public notice was on view at the Custom House to the effect that a list of names would be required of persons about to take their departure from Wellington. This list to be supplied by the Captain of each vessel, by which they intended leaving, and affixed to the Custom House forty-eight hours previous to a clearance being given.
A Board of Surveying was appointed and the officer commanding the troops in the Province consented to the employment of the military in the removal of dangerous buildings, subject to certain limitations necessary for the good of the Public Service.
Submitted by the examining Board, comprising Messrs.
Quakes on October 16th, 1hr. 30min. a.m.; 17th, at 4 p.m.; 19th at 5 a.m.; and 24th. at 2 p.m., 1848.
Estimate of damage £15,000, including £3,500 Colonial Government, and £1,000 Ordnance Department.
NOTE.—All these buildings were repaired in wood.
Extracted from Burnand's collection, “N.Z. Journal,” 1848, Alexander Turnbull Library.
A meeting was held at the Britannia Saloon, Lambton Quay, on the 1st December, 1848, which, the “Spectator,” of the 2nd, states was “Most numerously and respectfully attended,” the room being crowded with settlers. On the motion of Mr. W. Hickson, seconded by Mr. R. Waitt, the Rev. R. Cole was requested to take the chair. The object of the meeting was to receive the address of sympathy from the inhabitants of Auckland, and to afford the inhabitants of Wellington an opportunity of giving expression to feelings so generously and so justly excited.
Mr.
“If they accepted the sum of money subscribed by the Auckland people (£500), every person hearing of it at Home would believe that the town is in ruins. They would not believe that when the ‘Subraon’ left, she had only forty-five passengers. They would not believe that when that vessel was unfortunately wrecked, most of those passengers made up their mind not to go away. If any distress existed, then let a subscription be raised amongst ourselves. (Great cheers.) He, on behalf of the New Zealand Company, would head the list with what he was sure would be called a liberal subscription, and on his own private account, with what he could afford.” (Cheers.)
Dr. Featherston urged those present, as the money was raised under the influence of grossly exaggerated statements as to the extent of the injury the settlement had sustained, as men of honour, to return the money, accompanied with the same thanks as if they had been compelled to accept it. He could not believe that they would degrade the Colony by accepting money subscribed under such misapprehension.”
Mr. Carpenter moved “That this meeting instruct the Committee to accept the funds so kindly subscribed by our fellow colonists at Auckland.”
The amendment was seconded by Mr. Roots. Three hands went up for the amendment, and the original resolution was carried unanimously amidst applause.
Some of the vessels and their passengers which arrived from coastal ports and overseas during 1848 were:—
“Bernicia”: Messrs. G. Barrett and G. Barnett.
“Comet” (Capt. Cork): Mr. Bannatyne.
“Dido”: Mr. Wakefield and
“
“
“William and Alfred” (Capt. Tunley): Messrs.
In the issue of the “Spectator,” of February 10th, 1849, is an account of the Lieutenant-Governor's first Ball, held in the new suite of rooms recently added to Government House. The venerable
The “Spectator” of the 24th of February, 1849, announces the advent of the Town Clock thus:—
“We are glad to learn that our fellow Colonist, Mr. Mackay, who has returned in the “Duke of Portland,” has brought with him a large turret clock, with bell for striking the hours, and everything complete.
“It is of Liverpool manufacture. The Rev. R. Cole has opened a subscription list for the purpose of securing it for the benefit of the town. The amount required, we believe, is £50. It is intended to place the clock in the new church at This clock, which is shown in the picture of St. Peter's Church, is now fixed on the Anglican Church, Washington Avenue, Brooklyn.
The London “Daily News,” June 22nd, 1849, announces in its columns:—
“We are in receipt of Wellington newspapers to the 4th March. The ‘Independent’ of the 3rd contains a long report of a ‘Reform Banquet’ which was celebrated in the Theatre, in Wellington, on the 3rd evening of that month. The object of the gathering was to give a public
“Nearly 200 people attended and the speeches were really good, and the enthusiasm great.”
Quoting the papers of that time (3rd March, 1849):—
“The Theatre was handsomely decorated for the occasion. Scenes were painted by Mr. Marriott, and variegated coloured lamps in the shape of stars illuminated the gay throng.
“The Chair was occupied at 6 p.m. by Dr. Dorset; speeches were made by Dr. Featherston, Messrs. Fox, J. Wade, A.
“The healths of the gentlemen who declined seats in the Nominee Council, viz.: Messrs. W. Fox, J.P., Principal Agent of the New Zealand Company; Dr. Featherston; A. McDonald; K. Bethune; F. A. Weld; and Captain Daniell, were honoured.
“On Dr. Dorset vacating the chair, Mr. Jas. Smith was called to it, and many remained, forming an agreeable party.
“The dinner arrangements were prepared by
The “Independent,” 3rd March, 1849, states:—
“With a view to perpetuating the Reform dinner which took place on the 1st March, the members of the Reform Association have undertaken, regardless of expense, to get a drawing executed of the occasion, in order that it should be engraved, whereby every individual engaged in the momentous struggle may be enabled to have a copy. Mr. Marriott, having received the commission, has faithfully fulfilled his instructions.
“We sincerely congratulate Mr. Marriott on his success. The beauty of design, the grouping of the guests, etc., deserve the warmest thanks of the Colonists. We hear it is to be exhibited at Mr. Roe's repository for a day or two prior to its being forwarded to England.” (“Independent,” 24th March, 1849, and “N.Z. Journal,” 22nd September, 1849.)
Queen Victoria's birthday functions, held on May 24th, 1849, were celebrated in the usual way, The day was delightfully fine, scarcely a cloud to be seen. Her Majesty's 65th Regiment was reviewed by Colonel McCleverty. The H.M.S. “Meander,” 44 guns, under Captain Keppel, fired a royal salute, and the band played “God Save the King.” At one o'clock the Governor held a Levee. A guard of honour, under Captain O'Connell, and the band of the 65th Regiment, were in attendance. Names of those who attended were: A. Domett, Esq.; The Attorney General; Hons. Wm. Bannatyne; W. Hickson; Geo. Hunter; G. Moore (Legislative Council); Lieut.-Col. Gold, 65th; Rev. R. Cole, Colonial Chaplain;
A Settlers' Constitutional Association, formed on the 19th August, 1850, had amongst its members Messrs. J.
The corresponding members of the Committee were: Messrs. Fox, John Godley, W. Fitzherbert, Dr. Featherston, and W. Lyon. Their business was to correspond from time to time with the Colonial Reform League and the agents of the Settlements.
The part of the Grenadier Company of the 65th Regiment, stationed at Pahautanui (Rangi's Stronghold), marched into Wellington to the Barracks at Mount Cook, the Pahautanui Station having been abandoned as a military outpost.
The only military outpost now maintained in the neighbourhood of Wellington was that at Paremata Point.
The “
Some of the vessels and their passengers which arrived from coastal ports and overseas during 1849 and 1850 were:—
“Acheron”: (With Time Signals).
“Mariner”: Mr. W. Sievers.
“Undine”: Mr. Bishop.
“Victory”:
“Clara”: Bishop Viard.
“Inconstant”: Sold by Bethune and Hunter.
“Phœbe Dunbar”: Mr. D. Cruickshank.
The following native statistical returns are taken from
Report No. 1., Port Nicholson District. (Including the Town of Wellington.)
1st Settlement.—“Ohariu”: About six miles from Wellington; native population, 119.
2nd Settlement.—“Ohaua”: About six miles south of Ohariu; native population, 5.
3rd Settlement.—“Oterengo”: About five miles from Ohaua; native population, 19.
4th Settlement.—“Waiariki”: About fifteen miles from Wellington; native population, 44.
5th Settlement.—“(Town of Wellington): Equally divided between two sub-divisions of the Ngatiruanui and Taranaki natives, who are also connected with the Ngatiawas. Every encouragement was given to the resident natives to improve their dwellings, and a village laid out by a Government Surveyor to ensure regularity in the construction of their houses and paths, but as it seems thatTe Aro ”Te Aro has always been and is now held as a temporary residence for visitors from the interior, Taranaki and the country north of Whanganui, there is little hope of so desirable a change taking place. At present the huts with scarcely an exception, are in a state of dilapidation, and the general state of the natives far from being healthy. The flax is again engaging their attention, and a small quantity has already been prepared for exportation.
6th Settlement.—“Kumutoto”: Only one clay hut now remains of the old Kumutoto Settlement, within the Town of Wellington. The principal chief, E. Tako (Wi Tako ), has substituted a good weatherboarded house, which is now occupied by the Police, and is rented by the Government for the sum of £30 per annum. In consequence of this E. Tako, with the other members of his tribe, are removing to Ngauranga, which he intends making his permanent abode. Kumutoto is a reserve, and to this is added a considerable portion of land on the hills immediately adjoining. This he is anxious to exchange for land on the Hutt, where the whole of his cultivations now are. He is thought a good deal of among his own countrymen. The population is 14.
7th Settlement.—“Pipitea”: Within the Town of Wellington. Is a reserve with a fair share of plantationground immediately in the rear of the Pa, which is also a reserve. At Pipitea there are several weatherboarded houses, the property of the natives, principally in the occupation of the Europeans, at very fair rents. There is also a neat little weatherboarded church in the course of erection to which the natives have contributed a portion of the material, but the huts and the Pa itself are much out of repair. Several of the natives belonging to Pipitea are collecting material on the Hutt for the purpose of rebuilding their huts and constructing one good substantial fence round the Pa. They are all Ngatiawa natives, and their cultivations are principally on the Hutt. Last year they collected a considerable quantity of the mutton birds for exportation, and a small quantity will also be brought into the market this year. The mortality in the Pipitea Pa within the last two or three years has been very great. Total native population, 96.
8th Settlement.—“Tiakiwai Pa”: Only a few huts remain, which are used temporarily by visitors coming to town from Ohariu and the other settlements on the coast and Cook's Strait.
9th Settlement.—“Kaiwhara.”(Kaiwharawhara): In the outskirt of the Town of Wellington, belongs to the tribe called Ngatitamas, who are distinct from the Ngatiawas. They originally came from Poutama, north of Taranaki, and were the first who commenced to drive out the Ngatika-huhunus, who formerly inhabited the Port Nicholson District. They have intermarried with the Whanganuis, and, with the Ohariu natives, and form a party of themselves. Their Pa is a reserve, and a section on the hill adjoining was recently purchased for them by the Government, but they have this year confined their cultivations to the Hutt, upon lands rented from settlers there. The Pa is in a damp situation, being nearly surrounded with water, is small, unhealthy and out of order. The natives would gladly exchange it for a piece of land of equal value a little higher up. They sell a considerable quantity of firewood and are frequently employed by Europeans at daily wages. Total native population, 44.
10th Settlement.—“Ngauranga”: Distant about two miles from Wellington, on the Hutt road, was the residence of the celebrated chief Wharepori (Wharepouri). It is now inhabited by a few of his followers. The fences of the Pa are down, but the huts are in tolerably good order. The natives here and at Pitone have always been on the most intimate terms of friendship, and they look even now to E. Puni as the representative of their deceased parent Wharepori. They intermix very much with each other, and are allowed by E. Pune (Te Puni ) to cultivate upon his land at the Hutt. They have also inter-married, but the population does not seem to be on the increase. They rear and sell a small quantity of poultry; and procure firewood and fish for the market. Native population 34.
11th Settlement.—“Pitone”(Pito-one): Situated about seven miles from Wellington, is the largest and best fortified within the District of Wellington, is a reserve, with sections at the Hutt attached. Their cultivations of kumara and maize look well, and the residents, in point of comfort and wealth, are better off than any of the Port Nicholson natives. E. Puni was one of the last who left Taranaki for Cook's Straits. His principal reason for visiting Kapiti was to procure fire-arms, after “Pukerangiora” had been taken by the Waikato's, he and his party having driven off the Waikato's prior to their leaving—his return to Taranaki was prolongedby the wars into which he became involved with the Ngatikahuhunus, and the Colonists, arriving shortly afterwards, he determined to remain.
Te Puni contemplates a visit to Taranaki this summer for the purpose of escorting their old and venerable chief, “Rauakitua,” who, it appears, was contemporary with the late “Te Rauparaha ” and shared with him in several engagements—this old man will have many followers, and the expedition is likely to be very interesting.They propose to visit Rangihaeata and all the old Pas between Whanganui and Waitara, the scenes of many bloody conflicts, in which both these old men took very active parts.
The natives of Pitone have again commenced the cleaning of flax.… Total native population, 136.
12th Settlement.—“Waiwhetu”: Pa is situated at the confluence of the two principal rivers of that name; is on a Reserve to which is appointed one of the best sections on the Hutt, lately purchased for them by the Government. The natives of Waiwhetu have diminished within the last five or six years, to a very inconsiderable number, and since the murder of their principal chief, shortly after the arrival of the first immigrants, by a party of the Ngatikahuhunus, they have dispersed, and some have joined the natives of Pipitea. The Pa and huts are in bad order, being greatly exposed to the wind and sand drift; the Natives are hardly ever free from disease. They are anxious to shift the Pa if the proprietor of the adjoining section would be willing to make an exchange for that part of it which lies nearest the river and is sheltered from the cold south-west winds by high land on either side. As a ship building yard, the site of the present Pa would, I am told, be very valuable, both on account of the depth of water and from its proximity to the timber on the Hutt. Total native population, 48.The natives of Wellington have no cultivations to speak of on the lands in the outskirts of the town—all have hired land from settlers upon the Hutt. The quantity of land newly cleared by the natives on the Waiwhetu Rivers, within the last two or three years is large, and the whole of the crops promise a plentiful harvest.
The native population within the District of Wellington fluctuates very much. Many of their friends come in from Taranaki on long visits and generally return accompanied by some of their relatives. Some of those at the villages on the coast will in all probability join William King, in the course of the ensuing year, and make a final move to their native place.
(Signed) , H. Tracy Kemp
Native Secretary.
A dinner was given to
“The Neury barn was profusely decorated for the occasion, the whole management undertaken by the Hutt settlers.… Governor Grey arrived shortly after 3.30 p.m. and was greeted with loud cheers and the most hearty demonstrations of good will, while the band of the 65th Regiment played the National Anthem. Mr. Renall (Neury Mill), was in the chair; on his right were
“One hundred and eighty sat down to dinner. The bill of fare comprised 3 rounds of beef, 6 large pieces of pressed beef, 6 boiled legs of mutton, 2 saddles of mutton, 4 hams, 4 tongues, 5 geese, 12 ducks, 3 turkeys, 3 sucking pigs, 4 chickens, 12 fowls, 3 pigeon pies, 6 beef steak pies, 6 plates of cucumbers, 4 bowls of salad, 6 apple tarts, 4 raspberry tarts, 18 plum puddings, 1 cake (superb), 6 dishes of custard, 10 dishes of apples, 4 dishes of pears, 4 dishes of grapes, 1 barrel of ale, 36 gallons, 1 barrel of ale, 15 gallons, 36 dozen of ginger beer, 3¾ dozen of sherry, 1½ dozen of port, 2 gallons of Martell's brandy, 6 bottles of lemon syrup, 1½cwt. potatoes, 70lbs. turnips, 50lbs. carrots, 20 large cabbages, 20lbs. of parsnips, 4½ dozen bread, and 2 cheeses.
“The vegetables and fruits were very fine, of the latter there were several first
Some of the arrivals for 1851 and 1852 were:—
“Maria” (Capt. Plank):
“Simlah”: Messrs. H. C. Field and C. Robertson.
“Agra”: Messrs. Cockburn and A. Strachan.
1852—
“
“Cashmere”: Mr. G. Pearson.
“Mystery”: Mr. A. Clark.
“Sea Bird”: (Mr. Bowler's Schooner).
“Stephen”:
“Cornwall”: Messrs. A. Martin and V. C. Ransom.
“Lady Cornwall”: Mr. J. Raynor.
On the 23rd of February, 1855, at 11 minutes past 9 p.m. a very severe earthquake was felt on both sides of Cook Strait, but especially in Wellington. Extracts from the most reliable report supplied by Commander Drury of H.M. Sloop “Pandora,” are here given:—
“We felt suddenly an uncommon and disagreeable grinding, as if the ship were grating over a rough bottom. It continued with severity for more than a minute; the ship slewed broadside to the wind; we were then in six fathoms, so that there was little doubt that it was an earthquake. Lights were seen running, to and fro, from all parts of the town, and evidences of consternation, combined with a loud crash. Lieutenant Jones and myself immediately landed. We found the tide alternately ebbing and flowing. The first scene before us on landing was the Government Offices
Mrs. Harold Freeman (neé “Nelson Examiner,” vide “History of New Zealand,” by
Mr. J. C. Monro, of Palmerston North, recently forwarded a letter written by
“We have indeed had an awful visitation,” he writes, “and now it is all over, we can look calmly on its effects; to some they have done no damage, to others very great.
“Unfortunately, I have to place myself amongst the latter, for it completely destroyed my house and a great deal that was in it.
“But upon going round Wellington and comparing the damage of 1848 with the present damage, I should say the amount was very much less than in 1848.
“This may easily be accounted for from the fact that there were not nearly so many brick houses, and those that were are all strongly bonded with wood and iron.…”
“The shocks seem to have been much more fatal in their effects on any land that joins the spurs of the Tararua Range. I believe that we suffered as much in the Hutt from the fact that the shocks took along that Range. The effects over here are ten times worse than in 1848. You will remember that my house was nearly finished (1848)—all the chimneys and brick work were up—except the ornamental tops, the only damage done to it then was a slight crack on the top of the unfinished chimney.
“The destruction of my house was momentary; the first shock, the vertical one, threw it in the air and shook it; the movement was very perceptible. The second, in a moment, shook all the chimneys off their foundations and brought them into the rooms.
“I was sitting close to the fire, my wife opposite, and Messrs. Hutton and Bidwill, who were with us, next. They, being near the door, got away, and tried to carry off my wife, but she broke away and came to me.
“I was jambed by a table, in the act of pushing myself back in an easy chair. I dare not go forward for fear of being buried, and there were we—in the dark.
“I thought nothing could save us from being buried in the ruins when I saw the chimney, 15 feet high, coming down in a mass. A picture which had been hung on the chimney not more than a week, jumped about at first, and the shock threw it over my knees, resting on the arm of the chair.
“My last view of the whole affair, just as the last flicker of the lamp lying on the floor went out, was the chimney in a mass falling in on us, and while in the act of falling, a shock seemed to double it up. My legs received the fall of half, but owing to their being covered up by the picture, although very severely bruised, they were not further injured.
“Had it not been for the frame, they must have been smashed. We were both very much bruised about the face and body by falling bricks. Nothing can describe our feelings, while we remained quiet for an opportunity to get out.
“It was perfectly dark, the house was rolling and rocking heavily—the noise of glass breaking was the most appalling thing I ever encountered—the feeling of being covered up to my waist in the ruins, and not daring to move until all was over, was most fearful.
“I wriggled myself out of the brick work, and escaped into the hall with my wife, where we found Messrs. Hutton and Bidwill holding open the door for us to escape.
“They said they thought we were buried. As soon as we got outside we went to see about the servants, who, we found, just escaped out of the windows. They, too, had a narrow escape.
“There were four distinct shocks, although it appeared as one. We remained in front of the house for an hour; the earth was heaving up the whole time, and when a fresh shock came, the house appeared almost to bend to the ground.
“We left it, and went to Bell's—found that Mrs. Bell had had a very narrow escape. The road all along was riven in strips and sunk, in some places a foot.
“The bridge, which you will remember, is destroyed; the first shock struck it, it bounded high in the air, and then fell into the river. The shocks were incessant until daylight. The first one did all the damage.… .
“You ask what the Wellingtonians will do, whether they will move?… .
“They are repairing the bank, which got dreadfully shaken, and the Baron's (Alzdorf's) new brick hotel—poor fellow, he little thought he was building his death trap, he used to say: ‘Look at my house, that is the way to build against earthquakes; no shock will destroy that.’
“I am quite of opinion, after what I have seen, that the stronger and heavier the building is, the worse is its destruction whilst under the operation of being upheaved.…
“New Zealand will have periodical visits of earthquakes and upheavals, and if Auckland were so visited, what an awful effect it would have upon a place built on caverns. I would rather take my chance here,” he continues, “where the land is solid. I saw a letter in which it stated that the Auckland folks were much terrified, very sick and disgusted at having had a visit, which they never expected, and are keeping it secret. It appears to me that the papers in the different provinces are anxious to keep the affair quiet. Our papers, particularly the ‘Independent,’ mentioned it in a few lines; just as if we had had a shock that knocked a chimney or two down.”
An article on Earthquakes also appeared in the “New Zealand Spectator” of the 2nd May, 1855.
Another article, published in the “Dominion,” of 16th January, 1926, entitled “In Tremulous '55.” contains extracts from the personal diary of one
The article concludes by referring to news from Wellington.
The diary states:—“Baron Alzdorf is killed. He kept the hotel (now the Commercial) in Wellington. Several have got their arms and legs broken. Clifford's house is shaken, with the exception of two rooms. All the chimneys and a great number of wooden houses are shaken to the ground. The sea has been up to 20 feet higher than ever before.”
It is interesting to note that a survivor of the earthquake of 1855 is still living in the Wairarapa district. This is Mrs. Harrison, who lives just outside Martinborough. The following paragraph, taken from the “Dominion,” of 25th October, 1917, refers to Mrs. Harrison:—“She is 95 years of age, and came out to New Zealand on the “London” with her parents and five other children, in 1842, when she was ten years of age. Her mother died on the voyage and was buried at sea. On arriving in Wellington she and her brother accompanied her father to Happy Valley, where farming
“The Pines, Martinborough ,
Nov. 30th, 1927 .
Mr. Fitchett; Dear Sir, I received your letter dated 30th October.
Mrs. Jane Harrison came out in the ‘London's’ second trip with the Stockbridges, Shorts, and your parents. My father bought the 100 acres off Mr. Reid, it was then called Ohiro. Captain Smith, the surveyor, called it Happy Valley because he liked the place. When Mr. Reid had the section he had the stone house built; then Mr. Reid went home to Scotland and died shortly after, then we went to live in the stone house—and the second (1855) shake brought all the house down. I was sleeping on a large feather bed when it came down on me, but I was not hurt very much, only one hand slightly hurt. Mrs. Tutchen was living in Happy Valley at the time. After our house was destroyed we went to live in a calf house belonging to Mr. Tutchen, and in another afterwards on a 40 acre section adjoining the 100 acres. I am now 95 years of age on 5th March next. If you should come up to Martinborough at any time I would be very pleased to see you.Yours faithfully,
, per H.H.” Jane Harrison
Patriotic Meetings—Chamber of Commerce—A Political Dinner—The Drama—The Civil Service — Duke of Edinburgh's Visit — Whalers in Town —Synagogue Consecrated—Our Girls—Gear's—The Flying Squadron—Retrospection—Death of
A patriotic meeting was held in the Athenæum on the 24th March, 1855, to consider the contribution of funds for the necessities of the families of those brave men who were fighting at Alma, Balaclava and Inkerman.
A proposal by Mr. A. de Bathe Brandon that a central committee be formed was seconded by Mr. W. Bannatyne, and the proposal was put into effect.
Contributions raised at the meeting amounted to £500, including £103 15s. collected by
Another meeting was held at the Traveller's Rest, Porirua Road; Dr. Curl was in the chair. Contributions were collected, a good number amongst whom was
Another effort was made by the ladies of Wellington, who held a Bazaar in the Athenæum on the 1st May, 1855, and at which the following ladies were stall holders: Mesdames Featherston,
A Society was formed at this time, to formulate a plan to improve the road to Nga-uranga. The prospectus of this Association, called the Nga-uranga Road Society, appeared in the “New Zealand Spectator” of the 22nd August, 1855.
The same newspaper contains, in its issues of the 15th to 25th October, 1856, the advertisement of the first general meeting of the members of the Chamber of Commerce, at the offices of Bethune and Hunter, on Friday, the 31st October, 1856. The notice was signed by
In the same column a house of four rooms in Mulgrave Street, opposite Major Richmond's old house, was
In March, 1856, a farewell dinner was tendered to
A dinner was given to
“The Government Organ is at no pains to conceal the deep mortification experienced by its masters in the return of Mr. Skey as a member of the Provincial Council, and the spite and malice with which they assail the newly elected member, and those who voted for him, enable us in some degree to estimate the bitterness of their defeat.… . Under the plea of publishing it as a piece of news, the ‘Independent’ has thought fit to give a list of those who voted for Mr. Skey. There can be no mistake as to the motive which prompted this proceeding, however transparent the disguise thrown over it, nor could the governing party have damaged themselves so heavily by any other step. An attempt is made to intimidate voters from exercising their electoral franchise according to their conscience and judgment, by the threat of publicity whenever they shall presume to vote in opposition to the wishes of the Government party. Of course the supporters of Mr. Quin cannot be surprised to find the example which has been set followed; and we publish the names of those who voted for Mr. Quin, that the public, by having both lists placed before them, may have a better opportunity of coming to a right conclusion.”
“Since the “Independent” has honoured me, and other electors who voted for Mr. Skey, by printing a list of our names, supplied by a fictitious gentleman signing himself “Fact,” I hope you will not object to return the compliment by printing the enclosed list of those who voted for Mr. Quin, which I have myself copied from the voting papers.”
One hundred and four names are appended, including some well-known names, viz.:—Messrs. Brandon, Brewer, Catchpool, Cheeseman, Chew, Fitzherbert,
Mr. W. Bishop also wrote to the “Independent” (the letter appearing in the “Spectator”).
“Sir,—In a style of affected dignity and dictatorial superiority, but displaying at the same time both soreness and spitefulness, you arraign me before a public for voting for
The account of the dinner which was held at Barrett's Hotel on Thursday, 23rd October, 1856, and the speeches, occupied five columns and a half of the issue of the “Spectator” of that date. About sixty-four persons partook, and the proceedings were conducted in the most orderly manner, with the sole exception of the behaviour of a person who attended as a reporter of the “Independent” newspaper, and, in consequence of his unseemly and disorderly conduct, was summarily ejected from the room.
After the toast to the Queen was honoured by the company, all standing and singing “God Save the Queen,” other toasts and songs were given as under:—
(1) “Prince Alfred and the Royal Family;” especial mention to the Duke of Cambridge, on account of his distinguished services in the Crimea; song, Mr. Hare, “One Summer Eve I Wandered.” (2) “Army and Navy;” song, Mr. J. Bannister, “The Red, White and Blue.” (3) “His Excellency;” song by Mr. F. Bradey, “The Maids of Merry England.” The chairman then called attention to the special toast of the evening (4) (Mr. Skey). interpolating his speech by quotations from the “Independent,” which he held in his hand. These quotations and subsequent caustic remarks caused shouts of derisive laughter, cheers and interjections. The toast was drunk “three times three” with musical honours, followed by a comic song by Mr. Williams. Mr. Skey's speech was followed by a song “Cheer up, my old Jeanette,” by Mr. Eades. Toast number five was “The People;” song by Mr. R. Cock.
Mr. Croft described Mr. Quin, to the great laughter of his audience, as one who would kill his cat on the Monday for having caught a mouse on Sunday. He also made some marked allusions to the presence of several persons in the room who had voted against Mr. Skey. “He believed it was on principle that, those persons voted for Mr. Quin instead of Mr. Skey; and, no doubt it was “on principle” that they dined with Mr. Skey instead of Mr. Quin. (Great laughter.)
Messrs. R. Hart and Plimmer explained their presence satisfactorily and number six toast, “Mercantile Marine,” was honoured with “three times three” and a song, “Oft in the Stilly Night.” Mr. Bradey then sang “Oh Smile as Now.”
Mr. Valentine proposed the health of Mrs. Skey and the ladies of Wellington. Three cheers were lustily given and “Here's a Health to all Good Lassies” roared stentoriously.
Mr. Croft's health was then honoured by three times three, at the prompting of
Commenting on a dramatic performance that took place at the Royal Olympic Theatre, Manners Street, on the 19th January, 1857, the Reporter of the “Independent”—probably the ejected one of the political dinner in October— writes:—
“Notwithstanding the great attraction that the debates in the Provincial Council now afford the public, the Council Chambers being the place where people most do congregate, there was a very full attendance, the house being filled in every part. The performance commenced with the nautical farce, entitled ‘The Spitfire,’ which was placed upon the stage in a very superior manner. The scenery was particularly good and both astonished and delighted the audience.
“A fancy dance by Miss Tournear, gracefully performed, had to be repeated. A recitation by Mr. Foley and a comic song by Mr. Axtelle were encored, and Mr. and Mrs. Foley's acting kept the house in perfect ecstasies.
“‘The Stranger’ was repeated at the Royal Lyceum Theatre and commanded a Bumper house. The ‘caste dramatique’ was exceedingly good. Mrs. Foley's impersonation of Mrs. Haller was perfect, and the audience called her before the curtain and enthusiastically cheered her. Messrs.
The best part of two columns of the “Spectator,” 16th January, 1858, were devoted to two privates of the 65th Regiment, who were charged with having, on or about the 15th January, 1858, feloniously stolen, taken and carried away, a pair of “Duck trowsers,” the property of
Another flood on the Hutt, resulting in loss of life, occurred on the 23rd January, 1858.
The Bishop of New Zealand consecrated St. Peter's Church on the 13th March, 1858. He was assisted by the Revs. A. Stock, B.A., and A.
The election to fill the vacancies for members of the Provincial Council for Wellington, caused by the resignation of Dr. Featherston and Mr. Fitzherbert, was held on the 28th July, 1858. And a Chamber of Commerce meeting to consider the District Courts Bill, the formation of a Fire Brigade, the erection of an Inner Harbour Light, and for a steamer wharf, was held at Bethune and Hunter's (Old Custom House Street), on February 5th, 1859. Twenty-four members were present.
A correspondent to the “Independent,” writing in 1866, states:—
“The number of persons employed in the service of the New Zealand Government was equal to a regiment of soldiers at its full strength.… . The Official returns of the number of the general Government employees stood at 1,602, excluding Colonial forces, and that the amount paid them in salaries and fees was, in 1865, £193.404.”
An event of great importance occurred on the 11th April. 1869, when Prince Alfred, Duke of Edinburgh, landed at Wellington. He received a very warm welcome, for the settlers, though troubled and poor, were thoroughly loyal.
The Premier, Mr. Stafford, had more than his share of troubles. The Imperial troops had been sent home, but the Maoris were still showng fight.
Volunteers formed a guard of honour, and festivities were heartily carried on. There were sailing and rowing races in the harbour, in which the crew of the “Galatea” (the Duke's ship), competed, and receptions, banquets and balls were given.
A carriage, drawn by four greys, conveyed the Royal Traveller from the ship to Government House.
A number of people who flocked into Wellington arrived in all sorts of vehicles drawn by horses. One consisted of a timber wagon fitted out and seating 80 people, and drawn by seven horses driven by uniformed postillions. An illustration of this vehicle appeared in the “Evening Post,” 5th March. 1927.
The monotony of town life was varied by periodical visits from whalers, who, in their dealings with the European
After they were paid the balance due to them at the end of the season, they went to Wellington or Nelson to spend it.
During the six weeks or two months after their arrival the town of Wellington became a Portsmouth in miniature. Every public house had its fiddle and hornpipe going; the little theatre was filled once a week; and the weak constabulary force of Wellington suffered from various practical jokes.
Boat races, on which heavy bets depended, came off, and an occasional fight, arising from the profound contempt which the whaler expressed for the “lubber of a Jimmy-grant,” as he called the emigrant, completed the programme of the amusements during the period.
“Sometimes there were wild attractive scenes when the whalers came ashore, after a successful season, to knock down their cheques. The taverns benefitted most by such incursions.
At such gatherings, especially if rival crews met, there was much boasting; hence there had to be occasional swimming contests and rowing matches, and not unfrequently there were encounters with fists to see who was the better man. The ‘convincing ground’ usually resorted to most frequently in the early morning, was in Upper Sydney Street, where with a circle of admiring and critical and strongly partisan comrades, the principals definitely settled the question of superiority.
“Often, unseen by those below, there crouched amongst the ti-tree. sundry youths who might have been better employed elsewhere, but who were very much interested spectators of the contest taking place in the bottom of the gully.”
The consecration of the Jewish Synagogue was performed by The demolition of the wooden structure, the timber of which is in excellent preservation, is being carried out at the present juncture. An illustration of the building may be seen in the “Evening Post,” 19th Dec., 1928. The foundation stone of the new building was laid by the Rabbi, the
The dress of “Our Girls” must have been exercising some one's mind at this time, for an article on the finery and display of dress occupies two columns of the “Independent” of the 22nd January, 1870.
The description of a building, which, from sheer necessity, has its daily number of callers, appears in the “Independent” of the 23rd August, 1870, i.e.:—
“A new building just erected on Lambton Quay for Messrs. Ling and Gear adds another to the number of capital butcher shops in this city. It is unique in its way and may serve as a model, or at least give a hint of ventilation to the erection of future establishments of a similar kind. The shop is semi-circular in shape and is well calculated to display to advantage a large set out of meat. The depth of the shop is about 20ft., with a height of 17ft.
The building is still (1929) in use by the Gear Meat Company.
The Thirtieth Anniversary of Wellington was celebrated in the usual way.
Many faces were upturned to the Signal Station on Mount Victoria on the 22nd January, 1870, when the Flying Squadron was hourly expected to arrive. The crews of the cutters were to race for a cup presented by Captain Rhodes.
Disappointment was expressed on many faces as the morning shortened, and the celebrations commenced.
However, the squadron arrived the day after and a special time was appointed for the men-o'-war's races. There were six entries for the cup, viz.:—The “Challenger's” No. 1, “Phoebe's” “Liverpool's,” “Scylla's,” and the “Challenger's” No. 2 cutters, and the “Endymion's” launch. The cup was won by the “Challenger's” first cutter.
The inscription on the cup was:—
“Presented by
On the eve of the 22nd January, 1840, the inhabitants of the shores of Port Nicholson were anxiously awaiting, as they were on the eve of the 22nd of January, 1870, the arrival of a squadron of six ships.
But the knot on Pito-one beach in 1840 contained but few white faces; dusky forms in mats and blankets formed the majority. The peace-loving
Europeans were so few that the arrival of so large an addition to their numbers might well be expected with anxiety and anticipations of extreme pleasure.
The “Aurora” was the first to appear, and she was followed by the “Oriental,” “Roxburgh,” “Bengal Merchant,” “Adelaide,” and “Glenbervie.”
These names are as household words to many of our most honoured and oldest settlers, and will carry them back to varied scenes of years now long gone by.
They will recall to many the remembrance of familiar faces now passed away. Well might Moore the poet sing:—
There were bold hearts that undertook the cultivation of the primeval forest which, except on the little open beach at Pito-one, then came down to the water's edge all round the bay. But the change now wrought is evidence enough that they did not shirk the task, and few of the industrious and honest emigrants in those six ships have ever regretted the transfer to these shores. It is only in thus looking back that the work of the old pioneers can be estimated and appreciated; so here's “Hats off to the brave old Pioneers.”
The aged and well known chief, Honiana Te Puni, popularly known as Epuni, died at Pito-one on the 5th December, 1870, deeply regretted by his own people. Many old settlers also were grieved to hear of the death of this fine
At half past eight on the 9th December (the day being declared a holiday for the Government Employees, Banks and Mercantile firms), an unusual stir was noticeable. Numbers of people, some of them wearing the uniforms of the different volunteer companies, were to be seen making their way towards Queens Wharf. The arrival of Colonel Reader was the signal to embark on board the “Rangatira.”
The weather looked threatening, a fine drizzling rain was coming up from the North-West. As the “Rangatira” approached Pito-one, the usual Hutt vans, and other vehicles, laden with passengers, began to roll along the beach.
The “Rangatira” passengers disembarked on the Pito-one beach, and a double line of volunteers was formed between the old chief's house and the cemetery (Te Puni Street).
A firing party was then told off from the Hutt Rifles. After the coffin was brought out and placed in the hearse, the following gentlemen ranged themselves as pall bearers:—The Hon. Henare and Ngapaki Te Puni were gathered to their fathers during the course of time, and Henare's two surviving children, Honiana and Mary, lived for many years in a house, covered by a shingle roof, situated at the junction of the Hutt Road and Petone Esplanade. This house has recently been absorbed by Odlin's timber yard. Honiana was wounded during the late war and returned to Petone, where he died in 1926.
The volunteers reversed arms, and the bands played the “Dead March in Saul.” The procession then formed and moved off in this order:—Mounted Police; No. 1 Hutt Rifles; the amalgamated Bands; the carriage of the Bishop of Wellington; the Venerable Archdeacon Stock; the the Revs. Fancourt and Paterson, walking; the Hearse and Pall Bearers; Maori Mourners; Old Colonists ranged in the order of their arrival in the Colony. The carriages of His Honour the Judge, and Colonel Harrington; the Veterans; No. 1 Rifles and other volunteers, followed by vehicles and followers on foot. On reaching the grave, the funeral service was read in Maori by the Bishop of Wellington. The Native Minister (The Hon.
“
“Many old settlers have come here to-day to show their great regard for your chief. He has gone in peace to his long rest, but it is hoped his actions and good conduct will not die with him. His thoughts will live after he has passed away, and will, it is hoped, be treasured up by his tribe and descendants. I am sure it is most gratifying to all the Europeans, as well as to the natives and friends of
Three volleys were fired over the grave, when the procession broke up. The volunteers marched off to Host Valentine's, where refreshments had been provided for them. Each one wended his way from the grave as best suited him. The Hon. Defence Minister, the Hon. Mr. Sewell, His Honour the Judge, the Hon. Mr. Fitzherbert. Colonel Reader and many others journeyed to the Hutt.
The Volunteers comprised the following:—No. 1 Company, W.R.V., two officers and twenty-six men; Artillery, three officers and thirty-seven men; Veterans, three officers and forty-two men; No. 1 H.R.V., three officers and forty-two men; No. 2 H.R.V., two officers and forty-two men; Taita R.V., three officers and thirty-six men; Field Officers, Lieut.-Colonel Reader, Major McBarnett, and Major Ludlam; Mounted Officers, Captain Pearce, Capt. and Adjutant Humphrey, and Staff Sergeant Major Nelly. Between five and six hundred people were present.
There are but few left who were
Mr. J. Collett, Hutt Road, Petone, who was a drummer in one of the bands, well remembers the occasion.
Reference has been made, in the earlier portion of this chapter, to a knot of people who, in 1840, comprised hundreds of natives with tattooed faces, including
On the 24th March, 1928, eighty years after, hundreds of white people, but no natives were standing near the same spot welcoming the arrival of the crews of six racing skiffs (the Olympic eights).
That afternoon the writer called on
(Extracts from “Old New Zealand,” by Judge Manning.)
“Ah! those good old times when first I came to New Zealand, we shall never see their like again.…
“A dull sort of world this now. Pigs and potatoes have degenerated, and everything seems flat, stale and unprofitable. But those were the ‘good old times’—before Governors were invented, and law and justice and all that; when everyone did as he liked, except when his neighbours would not let him—the more shame for them; when there were no taxes, or duties, or public works, or public to require them. Who cared whether he owned a coat, or believed in shoes or stockings? The men were bigger and stouter in those days, and the women—Ah! Money was useless and might go a-begging. A sovereign was of no use, except to make a hole in and hang it on a child's ear. The few I brought went that way, and I have seen them swapped for shillings, which were thought more becoming. What cared I? A fishhook was worth a dozen of them, and I had lots of fish-hooks.
“Little did I think in those days that I should ever see here, towns and villages, banks and insurance offices, Prime Ministers and Bishops, and hear sermons preached and see men hung, and all the other plagues of civilisation.”
“O! where are those good old times? And echo, or some young Maori whelp answers from behind a bush, ‘No hea.’”
Civic Affairs, 1863–1870—Football—de Murska Concerts—Dr. Featherston Memorial—A Game of Chess—A Footpath Obstruction—Jubilee of the Colony, 1890.
In the history of the Wellington Corporation a blank of twenty years appears, during which time the affairs of the town were looked after, or neglected, by the Provincial Government.
In 1863, however, when the population had slowly increased to about 6,000, the town was divided into three wards, and a Town Board elected, the Commissioners of which were appointed presumably by the Provincial Council. The following are the names of the Commissioners and the Wards, in whose interests they were appointed to act:—Messrs. W.
The rateable value of the property in town in 1863 was about £28,225, of which more than half was located in the Te Aro Ward. The Town Board existed for seven years and did useful work. Besides those mentioned above, the following were members of the Board:—Messrs. Edward Pearce, W.
The “Independent” of the 14th July, 1870 contains the names, comprising three columns, of ratepayers of the Town of Wellington, petitioning to be constituted a Borough. The witnesses' names
This Council, with Mr. “Joe” Drans-field as Mayor, met in August or September, and Messrs.
“The game of football seems likely,” says the “Independent” newspaper of the 23rd August, 1870, “to become as popular here as a winter sport, as cricket is gaining favour as a summer one, for notwithstanding the woeful state of the ground, some enthusiasts have met several times lately to enjoy this old English pastime. And on Saturday, seldom have we seen a game played with more spirit and pluck on both sides, and so long as the ball had to be kicked along the new made artificial ground it was well enough, but once off that part, all sorts of bogs and quagmires were encountered, and how the players kept on their legs is astonishing, though, of course, almost everybody had at least one tumble, a casualty that did not improve the toilet.
“The teams were the Wellington, and some men-o'-wars-men. The latter were ultimately victorious by obtaining a goal.
This game, always a rough one, becomes more so on bad ground, but nothing occurred to disturb good temper, even for an instant.
The following is a list of the players:—H.M.S. “Rosario”: Moore, Gorden, Adair, Carlyon, Rudland, Mead, Roberts, Head, Wise, Urwin,
“The play in the football match on the Basin Reserve on Saturday, the 22nd July, 1876,” states the “Evening Post,” “was tolerably good, but neither side could succeed in kicking a goal. The multitude of black and yellow striped legs (the new uniform), had an exceedingly comical effect, looking like so many magnified wasp bodies.
“At a meeting of the Committee of the Football Club, a letter was read from the Secretary of the Nelson Club, stating that a Nelson team of fifteen would leave about the 10th August, and suggested that the game should be decided by points. A goal to count six, touch down two, and a force down half a point, and also that it be considered lawful to pick up the ball only when on the bound and not when it is either dead or rolling along the ground. The team selected to play against Nelson were: Campbell (2), Werry, Bishop (2), “Evening Post,” 28th July, 1876.
A meeting was held in the Provincial Hall on Monday, July 24th, 1876, for the purpose of devising means to perpetuate the memory of Dr. Featherston. The Mayor, Wm. Hutchison, presided, and a Committee was formed comprising Messrs. “Evening Post,” 25th July, 1876.
The local papers of the 27th July, 1876, advertised three De Murska Grand Concerts to take place in the Oddfellows' Hall, Lambton Quay (site of T. and G. building). Amongst the items were “La Somnambula,” and “Lo, here the Gentle Lark.” Maestro Strauss Illa and Signor Susini were to assist, and
Information had been laid against a resident of Karori, for a breach of the Municipal Bye-Law, by tying his horse up so as to interrupt traffic on the footpath. An apology induced the magistrate to dismiss the defendant with a caution, and a reminder that the streets of Wellington were not now so unfrequented that the ancient practice could be continued with impunity.
The “Evening Post” Christmas Number, 1903, commenting on the jubilee celebrations writes thus:—
“There was a great foregathering of pioneers on the 22nd January, 1890, when Wellington worthily celebrated the Jubilee of Colonisation in New Zealand.
“The re-union was as pathetic as it was unique. Though in the decade or so preceding the ranks of the first-comers had been rapidly thinning, nearly all, if not all, of the “first ships” were represented, and there were even a few hardy pioneers of the ante-Colonial days.
“There were two claimants to the honour of the being the first child of European parentage born in Port Nicholson, and the evidence was so closely balanced that Solomon might have hesitated to decide. Fellow-passengers and friends, separated almost from the day of landing, met once more and exchanged reminiscences. The Governor took part in the proceedings, and apparently saw no indication of “high treason,” or even of sedition, in the original flag of the New Zealand Company, which was borne at the head of the procession.
“The day's proceedings closed with a picnic to the children in the Basin Reserve and a ‘spread’ which will long abide in the memories of those who were entertained.
“The list of Pioneers and sons and daughters of pioneers (the line being drawn at 1850), who attended the gathering filled a closely-printed column of the ‘Post,’ and so few comparatively remain with us now (1903) that after less than fourteen years the column reads almost like an obituary list.”
The “Post” offered a prize for a Jubilee Ode, which was won by Mr. J. James, the judge being
Mr. J. E. Fitzgerald .The flag of the New Zealand Company was identical in device with the flag brought by Mr. Busby to the Bay of Islands in 1835. It is thus described:—“White ground with a red St. George's Cross. The upper quarter has a blue ground with a small red St. George's Cross on it, and in each corner a white star.” One of the papers of the day, Thursday, 23rd January, 1890, commenting on the celebrations of the previous day, states:—“Wellington undoubtedly surpassed itself yesterday in its celebration of the Jubilee of the landing of New Zealand's pioneer settlers. The entire populace joined in the affair in the most whole hearted way. One and all concerned in the preparations are to be congratulated upon the marked success that attended the festival, but specially are the public indebted to Messrs. J. H. Wallace ,T. W. McKenzie and J. Petherick, to whose suggestion the whole plan of festivities were originally due before it was communicated to the general Committee, who have so ably carried it out.”
A procession, marshalled by Messrs.
The following list, published in the “Evening Post,” constitutes the Old Identities who “mustered” on this occasion:—
Our Pioneers' Muster Roll.It would be an exceedingly interesting feature in connection with such an historical event as that of yesterday to place on record the names of all the early settlers who were present. We have gone to considerable trouble to compile a list of those who were in the procession, but from the circumstances it is quite possible that some have been omitted. So far as we have been able to learn, however, the particulars that we now append are full and correct, but if any of our readers can furnish the names of any pioneers who have been overlooked, we shall be glad to complete the list later on. The roll of founders of the colony present stands as follows:—With the Mayors' carriages—
Mr. George Allen , arrived in the “Catherine Stuart Forbes ” in 1841 (had visited Auckland in 1839, and returned to England); andMr. John Plimmer , 1842, in the “Gertrude.” In the first old identities' carriage —Mr. J. H. Wallace and Mr. P. Hume, 1840, the “Lady Lilford”; Mr. J. Harding (of Waipukurau, Hawke's Bay), 1842, the “Birman”; Mr. H. Collett, 1840, the “London”; Mr. C. W. Keys, 1840, the “Cuba.” Second carriage—Mrs. Robert Burgess (maiden name Petherick), 1840, the “Aurora”; Mrs. Calders, Mrs. Gee, and Mrs. Colman, 1840, the “Blenheim” (these three ladies are sisters, and have lived at Kaiwarra ever since their arrival);Mr. David Lewis , 1840, the “Oriental.” Third carriage—Mrs.Caroline Evans , 1840, the “Adelaide”;Mrs. Margaret Smith , 1841, the “Lady Nugent”;Mrs. Jane Retter , 1841, the “Lord William Bentinck ”;Mrs. Rebecca McLeod , 1841, the “Catherine Stuart Forbes .” Fourth carriage— Mr. G. Mudgway and Mrs. C. Mudgway, 1841, the “Catherine Stuart Forbes ”;Mrs. John Webber , 1841, the “Lady Nugent”; Mrs. Hook, the “Mautoki” (cannot recall the date); andWi Hapi Pakau , of the Hutt, who says that he is one of the few Maoris alive who recollect the arrival of the pioneers of Wellington. Fifth carriage—Mr. Thomas Freethy , who came to New Zealand in the French vessel “Justine,” in 1840;Mr. Charles Collis , 1842, the “Birman”; Mr. David Dick, 1840, the “Bengal Merchant”;Mr. Edwin Ticehurst , 1840, the “Adelaide”;Mr. John Knowles , 1841, the “Gertrude”; Mrs. B. Harrison, 1841, the “Catherine Stuart Forbes .” Sixth carriage—Mr. G. H. Luxford andMr. W. N. Luxford , 1840, the “Adelaide”;Mr. Ward Parker , came to Adelaide by the “Poictiers” in 1848, and came on to New Zealand in the “Mary Ray” in 1862; Mr. C. Simmonds, 1856, the “Ann Wilson ”;Mr. T. A. Shirley , 1841, the “Arab.” Seventh carriage—Mr. R. Hewit, 1840, the “Adelaide”; Mr. G. Buck, 1842, the “Birman”; Mr. W. Gooden, 1841, the “Arab”; Mr. T. Benton, 1842, the “London”;Mr. John Daysh , 1841, the “Gertrude.” On foot—Mr. John Gell (wearing a Maori mat), 1842, the “Bombay”; Mrs. Epuni and Mrs. M. Maunie, representing native old identities;Mr. Lancelot Holmes , until lately Chief Pilot of Wellington, born at Petone in March, 1840, said to be the first European child born in Port Nicholson; Messrs. J.Petherick, F. G. Petherick , and R. Davis, 1840, the “Aurora”; Mr. J. Brown, 1840, the “Blenheim”; Mr. T. Howell, 1840, the “Martha Ridgway ”; Mr. J. Howe, the “Clifton”; Messrs. N. Valentine and J. Valentine, 1846, the “Java” landed first in Auckland); Mr. H. Parker, 1845, the “Gertrude”; Mr. R. Prouse, 1840, the “Duke of Roxburgh”; Mr. P. Gooden, 1840, the “Martha Ridgway ”; Mr. G. Hobbs, 1842, the “Birman”;Mr. J. H. Houghton andMr. E. W. Petherick , 1840, the “Aurora”;Mr. E. A. Hutchings , 1848, the “William Alfred ”; Mr. J. Retter, 1841, the “Lord William Bentinck ”; Mr. Eli Buck, 1842, the “Birman”; Mr. Hart Udy, senr., and Messrs. W.Udy, J. Udy , and Hart Udy, junr. his sons), 1840, the “Duke of Roxburgh”; Messrs. James Knight,Samuel Smith ,J. W. Bryant ,J. C. Bryant , T.Bassett, J. Hawke , W. Cocking, David Hunter and Robert Hunter, 1840, the “Duke of Roxburgh”; Mr. C. Saywell, 1840, the “Martha Ridgway ”; Mr. C. W. Brown, born at the Hutt in 1841, his parents having arrived in the “Martha Ridgway ”; Mr. J. Cudby, 1843, the “Thomas Parkes ”;Mr. J. G. Ross , 1842, the “Lady Nugent”; Mr. W. Dorren, born at Petone in 1840: Mr. Thomas Rogers, born at Petone in 1840—disputes Mr. L. Holmes' claim to be the first European child born in the district (see Register of Births); Mr. H. Eglinton, 1849, the “Slain's Castle”; Messrs. G.Tonks, W. Tonks , T. Morgan, and G. Bell, 1842, the “Birman”; Mr. G. Spackman, 1840, the “Bolton”; Mr. J. Bills, 1842, the “Clifton”; Mr. W. Rowe, 1859, the “Wild Duck”; Mr. W. Lockyer, 1842, the “London”; Mr. H. Green, 1853, the “Rajah”; Mr. C. Mudgway, 1841, the “Catherine Stuart Forbes ”;Mr. A. W. Rudman , 1842, the “Phoebe” (to Nelson); Mr. J. Vile, 1841, the “Arab”;Mr. J. D. Benge , 1841, the “Olympus”; Mr. E. Cahill, 1846, the “Java”; Mr. Geo. Every, 1840, the “Bolton”; Mr. Jas. Robinson, born here in 1842—parents came in the “Martha Ridgway ”;Mr. C. W. Brodie , 1842, the “Cuba”; Mr. F. Cooper, 1841, the “Oriental”; Mr. G. Judd, 1840, the “Martha Ridgway ”; Mr. C. Stuart, 1842, the “Birman”; Mr. D. Clark, 1840, the “Glenbervie”; Mr. T. Hayward, 1846, the “Driver”; Mr. J. Philps, 1841, the “Lord William Bentinck ”; Mr. D. Dick, junr., born here in 1840—parents came in the “Bengal Merchant”;Mr. Joseph James , 1849, the “Catherine Stuart Forbes ”; Mr. W. Dodds, 1841, the “Lady Nugent”;Mr. C. W. Gooden , 1840, Mr. P. Monaghan, 1846, the “Martha Ridgway ”; Mr. H. Southee, 1841. the “Lady Nugent”; Mr. P. Managhan, 1846, the “Java”;Mr. G. L. Layfield , 1853, the “Northfleet”; Mr. J. Hill, 1841, the “Arab”; Mr. E. Bannister, 1840, the “Bolton”;Mr. T. W. McKenzie , 1840, the “Adelaide”; Mr. A. Murray, 1841, the “Tyne”; Mr. A. Pringle, 1840, the “London”;Mr. H. F. Eagar , 1842, the “Scotia” (from Sydney);Mr. W. B. Howe , 1841, the “Clifton”; Mr. G. Barrett, 1848, the “Bernicia”; Mr. J. Bidmead, 1842, the “London”; Mr. D. Harris, 1842, the “George Fyfe ”; Mr. G. Brown, 1841, the “Blenheim”; Mr. T. O'Malley, 1846, the “Lord Auckland”; Mr. Jas. Smith, 1856, the “Lancashire Witch”; Mr. H. Rudman, born in Nelson, 1843—parents came in the “Phoebe”;Mr. T. H. Robinson , 1841, “Lady Nugent”;Mr. G. H. Hawkins , born in Wellington, 1844; Mr. W. Sievers, 1849, the “Mariner”; Mr. W. Jenkins—was in the colony before the New Zealand Company's settlers, having arrived in the “Henry Freeling ” in 1836; Mr. J. Webber, 1841, “Lady Nugent”; Mr. Jas. Smith, 1840, the whaling ship “David”; Mr. T. Bevan. 1841, the “Lady Nugent”; Mr. R. Miller, 1840, the “Blenheim”; Mr. T. Allen, born at Wellington in 1848—parents came in the “Catherine Stuart Forbes ”;Mr. A. R. Meech , born here in 1845—parents came in the Oriental”: Mr. A. Wall, 1841, the “Lord William Bentinck ”; Mr. J. Yule, 1840, the “Bengal Merchant”; Mr. E. Waite, born here in 1850—parents arrived in the “Sir Robert Peel”;Mr. Hugh Calders , born here in 1848—parents' vessel, the “Blenheim”;Mr. Francis Bradey , 1840, the “Adelaide”:Mr. Duncan Sinclair , born here in 1849—parents landed at Kapiti in 1846;Mr. James Lingard , 1841, the “Gertrude”;Mr. Joseph Rawson , came from Sydney in 1846;Mr. James Stockbridge , 1842, the “London”; Mr. T. O'Loughlin, born here in 1843; Mr. D. Hobbs, 1843, the “Birman”;Mr. John Knowles , 1841, the “Oriental”;Mr. J. E. Smith , came to Auckland in the “Tomatine” in 1842; Mr. J. O'Meara, 1842, the “Planet”; Mr. Fred. Bradey, 1840, the “Adelaide”; Mr. R. Woodman, born here in 1840—parents came in the “Bolton”; Mr. D. Cruickshank, 1850, the “Phœbe Dunbar”;Mr. John Pattinson , 1840, the “George Fyfe ”; Mr. H. Ashton, 1848, the “Blundell”; Mr. C. Hewitt, 1846, the “Levant”; Mr. T. Mackintosh, came to Nelson in 1842 in the “Levant”; Mr. J. Davison, about 1840, the “Marion Kelly ”;Mr. F. W. Revell , born at Taranaki in 1843—parents' vessel, the “William Bryan ,” the first ship to Taranaki; Mr. A. Wise, came from Melbourne in 1855; Mr. M. O'Connor, arrived 1846; Mr. G. Sample, 1845; Mr. T. Claridge, 1842, the “London”; Mr. W. Edwards, 1849, the “Larkins,” Mr. T. Campbell, one of the arrivals by the “Lady Nugent,” was unable to be present personally, but was represented by his son,Mr. Thomas Campbell .
It is estimated that fully 5000 people must have been present on Tuesday evening at the opening of the Jubilee Band Rotunda, which, through the exertions of
A list of the pioneers who mustered at the tents of registration in Newtown Park on Anniversary Day, 1913, is given on page 105, Journal of the Early Settlers, September, 1913 (Vol. 1, No. 3.)
Port Nicholson, or as the Maoris termed it, “Poneke,” was named after Captain J. Nicholson, harbour-master at Sydney, either by Captain Herd of the “Rosanna,” or by T. Barnett, master of the little vessel “Lambton,” in 1826. In McNab's “From Tasman to Marsden” the following paragraph, dated 1818, occurs:—
“The next Sydney vessel to call in at the bay was the ‘Haweis,’ commanded by Capt. Nicholson (after whom Port Nicholson is named).” The bay referred to was the Bay of Islands.
Lambton Harbour was named by Colonel Wakefield in 1839, in honour of the Earl of Durham (Mr. Lambton), governor of the N.Z. Company.
“The country for some miles round Port Nicholson is little else than a succession of steep irregular hills, clothed with dense forests; the nearest available land, of any extent, is the valley of the Hutt.… By an enormous and almost incredible expenditure of labour and money, they (the colonists) have cut down the lofty trees and cleared patches here and there amongst the forest, on the mountain sides to sow their wheat; but owing to the steepness of the hills the heavy rains wash down much of the seed sown, and the unfortunate settlers have not been able to raise sufficient for their own consumption. The view from the hills at the back of the town (Kelburn) was a scene of exceeding beauty. The harbour looks like a large blue lake embosomed deep in hills. The green and umbrageous forest displays foliage equal in magnificence to that of the tropics.”
The drawing of 100,000 acres of Wellington lots was held in London on the 29th July, 1839.
Garnet, in his work on “
The following schedule comprises the numbers of the original one acre sections in the Town of Wellington, and their purchasers.
Some of these were selected by
The writer is indebted to the officers of the District Office of the Lands and Survey Department for the information obtained from the New Zealand Company's Journal. See map in envelope, last page of book, for locality of sections enumerated on pages 191 to 206.
The writer had prepared, after some considerable time and trouble, a complete alphabetical directory of street names, including every street in the city and suburban areas, for inclusion in this section of the book; but, acting on the assumption that the deleted names had no historic significance, or reference to any prominent old settler, they were reluctantly abandoned.
Some of the names of the comparatively new streets are associated with personages mentioned elsewhere in this work, and their origin can therefore be easily traced by reference to the general index.
The names of persons who were identified with the earliest affairs in the settlement,—like Revans (the first newspaper proprietor) and Woolcombe, a staunch advocate in the New Zealand Company for the welfare of Wellington, have unfortunately been obliterated in the past. Other names like Strang, Bethune, Chapman, Heaphy, Swainson, Marshall and Catchpool have been overlooked, and the name (Golders Hill) given by Dr. Evans, the first Umpire of Wellington, to the hill behind the Catholic Basilica, has been sacrificed in favour of a place called Goldies Brae, notwithstanding the many protests from early residents and the Early Settlers' Association.
The name of Golders Hill, nevertheless, will remain for ever in the hearts and minds of old-Wellingtonians.
When the amalgamation of the suburban areas with the city was effected, it was found necessary to alter names that were duplicated, and other names were substituted, but since these were altered (1925), the controlling body, with an ever changing personnel, has thought fit to change some of them.
The Geographic Board, set up in 1924, was first consulted in 1927, when the name of “Akatea” for a city street name was submitted to them for their recommendation.
In doing so, the members individually expressed their appreciation of the Council's action in referring the subject to them, and the hope that, with the rapid advancement of the city, those names which are wrongly spelt on some of the street signs would come before the Board for their correct and more dignified designations in the near future.
An index to names of maps published by the Lands and Survey Department, New Zealand, in 1926, devotes a page to the spelling of names of streets and places. Quoting from page 19 it states:—
“The names of streets have been taken from the official maps and documents of the Wellington City Council. Place-names generally, are from survey plans and records.”
“Attention has been drawn to the following cases of doubtful spelling:—
“Bidwell Street, probably (should be) Bidwill, after
“Epuni Street, probably Te Puni, after Pito-one chief.
“Etako Trig, probably Wi Tako, after
“Francis Street, probably Francees, after
“Guildford Street, probably Guilford, after Earl of Guilford.
“Harriett Street, probably Harriet, after ship “Harriet” (arrived Bay of Islands, 1817), (or Dr. Evan's wife).
“Leraud Street, probably Lavaud, after Commodore Lavaud.
“Majoribanks Street, probably Marjoribanks, after Mr. S. Marjoribanks, a
“Nairn Street, probably Nairne, after Mr. A. Nairne, a director of New Zealand Company.
“Orangi Kaupapa, probably Aorangi Kaupapa.
Ohariu, probably Owhariu.
“Ohiro, probably Owhiro.
“Tinakori Road, probably Tinakore Road.
“Waripori Street, probably Wharepouri, after Ngaurangi chief.
“Whittaker Street, probably Whitaker after
The writer appreciates the valuable help afforded to him by Messrs. Elsdon Best and E. G. Pilcher in checking and correcting these items, and to the former for his list of vowel sounds and definitions for the Maori designations of some of the streets. Also for some that have, unfortunately been eliminated from the present list.
The Independent of the 18th October, 1848, published a notice regarding the “Footpath Ordnance” thus:—
“All that footpath which has been marked out by posts and which extends from the corner of
Mr. George Scott 's store in Mulgrave Street, and along Lambton Quay to the corner of Willis Street, and also that footpath now formed along the east side of Willis Street from the beach to the corner of Ghuznee Street, Town of Wellington. Any person who shall be found running, drawing, driving any truck, wheelbarrow, cart or carriage, or who shall be found riding, leading or driving any horse or any horned or neat cattle upon any such footpath as aforesaid, and shall continue so to do after being warned to the contrary, by any constable or other person. Every person so offending shall upon conviction, forfeit and pay for every such offence, the sum of £5, to be recovered in a summary way.By his Excellency's Command,
, Alfred Domett
Colonial Secretary.”
As yet, only the main streets in which sections were built upon, or otherwise occupied were even marked out and only one or two of the principal ones were made passable for wheeled vehicles, and except for the conveyance of heavy goods, for which dray carts drawn by bullocks were chiefly used, locomotion was much easier on foot or on horseback. No paving had as yet been attempted and the only lights besides those of shop windows before they closed, were those that the licensed publicans were required to maintain over their doors all night. (“N.Z. Journal,” 10/3/1849.)
Abel Smith Street,
Adelaide Road, Newtown, was named after the ship “Adelaide” (arr. 1840). Residents in 1866 were Mrs. F. Bradey, Messrs.
Aitken Street, Thorndon, off Mulgrave and Molesworth Streets, was named after
Akatea Street, Newtown is a proposed street (1927) through Mr. Hendrickson's property, Adelaide Road. This street name was the first one the City Council submitted to the Geographic Advisory Board for their approval. The name was approved by the Board on the 10th November, 1927.
Aro Street,
Aurora Terrace, Thorndon, off Wellington Terrace, is named after ship “Aurora” (arrived Feb., 1840). The Lion foundry was established on the site of Sayes Court in 1854. In 1857 Mr. E. Toomath opened a Commercial Grammar School at the corner of the Terrace, now Dr. Young's.
Austin Street,
Ballance Street, Thorndon, off Lambton Quay, is named after the
Bolton Street, Thorndon, named after the ship “Bolton,” which arrived April 28, 1840, is immortalised in one of Brees' illustrations published in 1847 by the view of the old Parsonage where the
The old vicarage is now (1928) called “Dunmore,” and occupied by Mrs. Caldwell.
The sub-division of the Prendergast estate, beyond the cemetery, has metamorphosised that locality.
Toiling leisurely up the north side of the road one may read, in passing the cemetery, some of the grave stones marking the resting place of the early settlers. Near the lower entrance may be seen that of i.e.:
“
Passing through the upper entrance, one may see, by turning to the path on the right (a few yards from the gate), one of the oldest tombstones erected in Wellington. It is split in halves, which are resting against a tree opposite Mr. Jas. Futter's stone. The inscription reads thus:—
“This stone is erected by the affectionate widow of the late There is a discrepancy in the spelling of the name, and the year on which the accident occurred. See pages 61 and 63.
The address of
Boulcott Street, City, is approached from Manners and Willis Streets, and the Terrace, and named after
“The Catholic chapel (St. Mary's Cathedral) is situated at
The plate referred to, shows a “Procession of seven persons in priestly attire” moving towards the beach. In the foreground, where now the “Traffic Cop” regulates the traffic, some goats and poultry are feeding. The first Catholic church is seen in the background. Minifie's (Queen's) hotel in 1856 stood on the south side of the street at the foot of the present steps.
The residents in 1863 were, from Minifie's Queen's Hotel, R. J. Duncan,
Whitehall is still in occupation. This was a boardinghouse in 1895, kept by one with the appropriate name of “Onyon.” The old Masonic Hall and the old Marist Brothers' school are still in evidence.
“Very different from the broad, smooth, well graded road of to-day,” writes
Bowen Street, Thorndon, is off Lambton Quay, Museum Street, and The Terrace. This street was originally called Kumutoto Street, and the name was roughly painted on a board and attached to a chief's house. The irate chief tomahawked the sign down, giving as his reason that the name was significant of unpleasant associations.
The name “Kumutoto” appears on Carkeck's map dated 1861. On the south side of the street are seen Mr. H. Hughling's section (491), with about half a dozen buildings marked on it. These include the corner building, the office of the Provincial Solicitor, Mr. A. de Bathe Brandon. (This corner was known as Brandon's Corner for many years.) The building, and its neighbour (still standing 1929), but to be demolished in 1930, are shown on another page. These were photographed by Robson in 1927. Dr. Featherston's name is shown on the map (on sections 490 and 491, and the site of the Bowen Street Hospital and the Turnbull Library). On the north side, the Government Domain (Parliamentary grounds) with the Church of England site in it, is shown, the latter being about where a tree stands on the Museum Street and Bowen Street Corner.
The Free Lance of the 12th August, 1925, contains an illustration of the Alexander Turnbull Library, with a description of its contents, comprising (1925) 40,000 handsomely bound books, besides a large number of manuscripts, charts, drawings and photographs collected from all parts of the world by the late
Brook Street, Thorndon. off Murphy Street, is said to be named after the Interpreter Brook, whose tongue was cut out by the Ngatitoa, after the Wairau conflict. An early resident in this street was a
Brooklyn was cut up by a syndicate,
“Brooklyn, a postal district to the south west of Wellington, is a part of the borough settlement on the hill tops above Ohiro (Owhiro), access from the city being by the Ohiro road from Wordsworth Street. There is a P. and T. bureau at Mrs. Ferkin's store, Ohiro Road, and mails are received every morning. The public buildings are the Brooklyn Hall and the Baptist Church on the Ohiro Road. Business people are Wm. Luxton, Mrs. Smith and
A relic of 1849, the old St. Peter's clock, is placed in a prominent position on the Anglican church in Washington Avenue, and besides striking the hours, serves as a “rally” for the church people every Sunday.
Brougham Street. Probably named after Lord Brougham. The residents in 1863 were Capt. Campbell, Mrs. Smart, Messrs.
Buller Street,
Bunny Street, City, off Lambton Quay, Featherston Street and Customhouse Quay, is named after Mr. Henry Bunny, a former Provincial Secretary. This street is part of Reclamation, 1882.
Burnham Wharf, Miramar, is approached by Aberdeen Quay and Shelly Bay Road. The first overseas vessel to utilise this wharf was the “El Ciervo” with oil from Singapore (“Evening Post,” 21/9/1927).
Cambridge Terrace,
The “Evening Post” Christmas Number, 1903, page 22, shows amongst their illustrations of Old Wellington. Te Aro Swamp, about five years after the elevation of the ground by the earthquake of 1855. The large drain from the Basin Reserve is seen in the foreground. The Albion Hotel is shown, also a row of houses between Cambridge Terrace and Tory Street. The Maoris dammed a portion of the drain for eel fishing purposes before the drain was covered over, then a plantation of pine trees covered the area until 1905, when the pines were cut down and native shrubs took their place. (Fig. 71.)
The Queen Victoria statue was removed from its original position in front of the Queen's Wharf, and placed in its present place. Cambridge Terrace was named after the Duke of Cambridge. Uncle of Queen Victoria, and father of Princess Mary of Teck, the mother of our present Queen.
According to the Wellington Directory of 1866, the only resident was Captain Holt of the Defence Force. Later residents were Mr. Jas. Wilson 1870, J. Johnston (livery and bait stables) 1891, John Pike's Hotel, 1895.
Carrington Street, Newtown. Off Wright Street, sec. 708, via Wallace Street tram, is named after Wm.
Chews Lane, City, off Willis and Victoria Streets, is named after Mr. Edward Chews, who had a timber yard on the north side of the alley.
Cornhill Street, City, named after Cornhill, London, off Manners and Old Customhouse Streets, is one of the oldest business streets of Wellington. At the corner of this street and Old Customhouse Street may be seen an old cannon imbedded in the ground, placed there to serve as a buffer to protect Bethune and Hunter's office from the inroads of the vehicular traffic. The writer was informed that this cannon was used to “start” the races at the anniversary regatta sports gatherings.
A notice appeared in the “N.Z. Journal.” 17/9/1842, reading thus:—“For Nelson and Wellington, N.Z. direct; under engagement to the N.Z. Company. To sail, 1st Oct. (1842), ship “Indus,” 425 tons.
The Phoenix Aerated Water and Cordial factory was formerly situated in this street. The first proprietors were
Coromandel Street, Newtown, off Mein Street, was named after the ship Coromandel, which arrived 30th Aug., 1840. St. Helen's Hospital is located in this street.
Courtenay Place,
Some of the earlier buildings were the Albion Hotel, 1858; J. Waters' house (Fig. 72) and Rouse, Black and Hurrell's, 1859; Greenfield's timber mill 1862; Stewart and Co., 1865; Gas Works, 1871.
Cuba Street, extended, in 1841, from the water front behind Manners Street, to Ingestre Street (now Vivian). In 1845, a worthy citizen of Wellington plodded his way through fern and ti-tree to
There was only one house in Cuba Street in 1850. In 1857 a five-roomed house and garden was offered for sale by
A very interesting paper, compiled and read by Mr. E. G. Pilcher, vice-president of the Early Settlers Association, before its members on the 6th September, 1922, and published in Vols. 2, No. 3 and 4, pp. 25 and 17, gives a detailed account of Cuba Street in the 'sixties. A few extracts are here quoted:—“Starting on the eastern side, we find the Market Reserve, extending as far as Dixon Street.” (This was in 1863.) “Stalls were provided, whence country settlers might dispose of their produce, but practically no attempt was made by those concerned to take advantage of these facilities.” Later, one end was converted into a morgue, and a hotel was built on the corner of the section. This was the first Royal Oak, destroyed by fire in 1879. Some of the names mentioned in the article are, from Dixon Street: T. Whitehouse (arr. 1841), E.
Tonks' brickyard was at the top of the street, and
Mr. E. Miller, banker, lived in a house next to the Veitch and Allan corner. J. Dixon's brewery, through the grounds of which the Te Aro Stream took its course. The Galatea Hotel (1868) before Garrett Street was formed, E. Wilton, Mrs. Marriott, Miss Harris, now Youmann's buildings (1922), J.
Customhouse Quay. The first sale of sections in this street was advertised for the 14th May, 1858; 25 sections, with frontages to Willis Street, Harbour Street, Customhouse Quay, and the site of the Bank of New Zealand corner. The total frontage was 844ft., at about £6 10s. per foot frontage. The corner section, Customhouse Quay, £15, the Bank of New Zealand, was fixed at £8, totalling £9,712. None of the Customhouse Quay sections, nor the corner, were sold; so were offered again on the 1st September, 1858, and yet again on the 5th March, 1862.
The above information was extracted from
Some of the names of the business firms which appear in the Wellington Directory for 1866 are as follows:—The London Coffee House, C. Griffin, W. Whitten, W. Krull, —
Briscoe's map, 1867, shows the proposed reclamation for the approach to the Queen's Wharf, and the sites for the Bank of Australasia and the Pier Hotel. R. G. Knight, tent maker (arrived in the s.s. “Rangitoto”) established his business in 1867.
Looking at the map of 1926, the principal buildings shown are the Bank of New Zealand, National Mutual. A.M.P., G.P.O., Government Life, Life, Union Steam Ship Company, Commercial and Dominion Line, on the
Daniell Street, Newtown, approached from Mein and Constable Streets, via Riddiford Street, extends to Newtown Park. It is named after Capt. Daniell, though Brees' map (1843), shows only one “1.” J. Mann's name appears in the Directory for 1866 as resident. The “Evening Post” Christmas number, 1903, p. 15, shows the residences in the locality in 1893, and states that about this time and for some years after, a good deal of building took place in this neighbourhood. St. Anne's Convent is on Sec. 780–782.
Davis Street, Thorndon, off Thorndon Quay and Hobson Street, is named after a Maori who lived at Pipitea Pa, dressed as a European, spoke a little English, and was an interpreter. He is mentioned in Wakefield's
Davis Street Extenson, Thorndon, formed on reclaimed land (H. 1884, X. 1906, and Y. 1900 on plan) extends from Thorndon Quay to Waterloo Quay. This street consituted an approach to the Thorndon Esplanade and meteorological record instruments until 1927.
Day's Bay. Formerly named Hawtrey Bay, after the original owner, the Rev. J. Hawtrey, who also bought up some of the town acres. The bay was purchased by
The “Evening Post,” dated 3rd December, 1927, has a detailed account of the early history of the bay and of Mr. Downes' recollections.
Mr. Day, who arrived in Wellington about 1843, resided at the bay for a time, thus giving rise to the name of Day's Bay. A plan (No. 31/33) lodged in the Harbour Board offices under Mr. Turner's care, shows the sub-division of “Ferryside” sections 1 to 37, surveyed by Messrs Seaton and Sladden, and auctioned by Macdonald and Wilson on the 15th November, 1905.
Sectons 1–55 were also auctioned by Turnbull and Co. on the 11th March, 1914 (vide W.H. Board plan 46/33). The “Auckland Weekly,” of the 21st Semptember, 1922, shows, among other illustrations, a pretty peep of the bay; and the “Free Lance,” 10/3/1926, shows the road receiving its quota of bitumen.
Dixon Street,
A Wesleyan School, conducted by Mr. Stephens, was started in 1873, and Prouse
Duppa Street, off Adelaide Road South, and Stanley street, the approach to the Berhampore Golf Links, was named after Mr. Geo. Duppa.
Ellice Street, off Basin Reserve, Kent Terrace, extends to the quarry; it is named after
Farish Street, City, is off Manners and Old Customhouse Streets. The Te Aro portion of
The Burgess Roll, 1843, discloses the address, in Farish Street, of Mr. Wm. Fitzherbert, whose building, shown in the 1848 earthquake illustrations was badly damaged. The almanac for 1852 gives the names of
Farish Street terminated at Customhouse Street. The almanac for 1863 adds Mr. G. Crawford's name to the business places, and that of 1866 the names of Sidey and Co.
The Customs officers associated with this locality in 1845 were Messrs.
The moneys received by Mr. Hogg from the 6th of April to 3rd July, 1846, were:—
The officers in 1848 were Messrs P. D. Hogg, collector; Captain C. Sharp, acting-harbourmaster;
In 1856 they were: Messrs. S. Carkeek, collector; E. Catchpool, first landing waiter; Captain Sharp, tide surveyor and harbourmaster;
The Wellington Directory for 1866 gives the names as follows:—Messrs. W. Seed, collector, registrar of shipping and licensing
The postmaster was
The Biscuit and Confectionery Company were established in Farish Street in 1875, and R. Hudson and Co. in 1895.
The origin of the name of Farish Street, is shrouded in mystery; though it is said to have originated from a remark passed between the surveyor and a friend who were standing at the corner of Manners Street (Clarendon Hotel) and looking towards the sea, that it was a “Fairish Street.”
Possibly it was named after a Mr. Farish, whose name was on a fly leaf of a book once owned by
Featherston Street. City, extends from the Union Bank, Willis Street, to Lambton Railway Station, and is named after Dr. I E. Featherston, Superintendent of the Province. Between the years 1857 to 1861 reclamation was filled in with spoil brought in carts from Willis and Boulcott Streets, and a tramway from Kumototo (Woodward Street), and in July, 1864, a street running parallel with Customhouse Quay was formed. (Baillie's Reclamations, p. 713).
Bannatyne and Hunter were established in 1870, Waddell and McLeod in 1873, and Lambert, architect, in 1874. A fine view of this street, showing the G.P.O. on the left, and the old Athenaeum or Exchange in the distance, appears in the “Auckland Weekly” 21/9/1922.
Fitchett Town. Brooklyn, approached by Ohiro Road, and by tram via Brooklyn Road, is named after
The township of Fitchett comprised the land owned by Messrs.
Fitzgerald Point, Oriental Bay, fronts Section 390 and Oriental trig, and is near the Te Aro Baths. It was named after
Fitzherbert Terrace, Thorndon, between Hobson Street and Murphy Street, via Molesworth Street tram route, is named after Sir Wm.
A big military encampment, relic of the Maori wars, occupied this locality. Cottages built as married quarters for non-commissioned officers wives were built. “Tinakori,” writing to the “Evening Post” on the 12th April, 1927, states, with reference to the gully: “It was my pleasure many years ago to meet an old whaler, Johnston by name, but known as Scotch Jock, who in the early days was well acquainted with this particular locality before, and following the date of settlement. He gave the name of the stream as ‘Takawai,’ and said that a pa by that name was situated on the crest of the hill above the old junction brewery and Esplanade Hotel. He stated that the gully was used as a natural defence work by the Maoris, and afterwards by the first soldiers and settlers. A few yards further back, inside the hedged fence at the corner of Fitzherbert Terrace and Hobson Street, the old redoubts and trenches can still be seen. Within recent times a portion was filled in and turned into a tennis court. The thick hedge has hidden these early defence works for many years.”
The former residence of
Two portions of the Marsden School, and Queen Maragaret's College, are shown on the map issued by the Lands and Survey Department, 1926.
Flagstaff Hill,
George Street, Thorndon, off Tinakori Road, is named after
Ghuznee Street,
Named in 1840 in memory of the storming and fall of Fort Ghuznee, an
On the north side were Messrs. J. Sedcole, Mrs.
The public places are St. Peter's Church (Sec. 169) and
Glenbervie Terrace, Thorndon, off Tinakori Road, near Hill Street, was spelt “Glenburvie” on a survey map of 1848. This name is thought to have originated from the ship “Glenbervie,” which arrived 7th March, 1840, and has generally been accepted as such.
Residents of this locality in 1866 were Messrs W. Cooper, A. G. Swanson, F. Bright and C. Johnston. The name of Glenbervie Road was changed to Sydney Street in 1926.
Golders Hill, off Hill Street, Thorndon. This hill, with Dr. Evans' residence on it, is shown on the extreme left of the panoramic map of Wellington appearing in Brees' “Pictorial New Zealand,” 1847 (Fig. 32), the descriptive notes of which appear on page 35. In its origin the name emanated from Dr. Evans, who named it after his old English home, Golders Hill, Hampstead. Dr. Evans occupied the house in 1840 and until his departure for London.
A reference to Golders Hill appears in the “Independent” of the 21st January, 1857, viz.:—“To Be Let, immediately, Golders Hill—that house and ground on Golders Hill, lately occupied by Mr. Justice Stephen, with stable attached. For terms apply,
When Dr. Evans returned to Wellington in 1864 he again lived on Golders Hill until his death (September 23, 1868). Major Chas.
Other residents about 1866 were Messrs. W. W. Martin, J.
Goldies Brae, Wadestown, off Grosvenor Terrace and near Queens Park, is the name of an old residence built by Dr. Johnston, health officer and coroner of Wellington for many years.
Grant Road, Thorndon, extends from Patanga Crescent to Cottleville Terrace, via. Tinakori Road. It skirts the Town Belt and Queen's Park. Near the park an ever-running stream of fresh water from a spring flows into a font erected by the Council. Many of the Thorndon residents have, for a number of years, made a daily pilgrimage to this shrine, carrying utensils for bringing home the cool spring water for drinking purposes.
Several of the old houses are still in existence. Two or three of them are shown in the “Evening Post” Christmas
Grey Street is the main approach from the Queens Wharf to Lambton Quay. It was named after
Guilford Terrace, Thorndon, is off Hill Street. This name was given by Mr. C. Webb, after the Earl of Guilford.
The residents in 1863–1866 were Messrs. W.
Guthrie Street, Thorndon, off Aitken and Wingfield Streets, was formerly John Street (Secs. 533, 534). It was named after the late Hon. J. Guthrie, Minister of Lands, John Street, referred to as John Street North in the directory for 1910, was cut out of original sections 537, 538, and led from Fraser's Lane (once a popular resort for sailors and others) to Wingfield Street, and was named after the father of Messrs. F. J. and H. T. Johns.
The residents in 1866 were R. S. Barker, J.
Hankey Street.
Hanson Street, Newtown, extends from Drummond Street to Stoke Street. John Street intersects at the tram route by the Alexander Home. Named after
Harriet Street, Thorndon, off Tinakori and Grant Roads, is named after Dr. Evans' wife. The Pipitea stream flowed down the Tinakore Road, which is crossed at the junction of Harriet Street.
Hawker Street, Mt. Victoria slopes, off Marjoribanks Street and Oriental Terrace, is named after Mr. C. C. Hawker, of Camelford, Cornwall. St. Gerard's Church is the most prominent feature.
Hawkestone Street. Thorndon, is off Molesworth Street and Tinakori Road. This valley was once covered with thick forest, of which only one tree is now left—a kakikatea or white pine, which did not present sufficient attraction to the sawyer in the early stage of the Colony, having escaped the general slaughter. “It is now preserved for the sake of ornament (1847),” states Brees in his “Pictorial New Zealand.” “Live stock, such as fowls, ducks, turkeys and goats, are flourishing exceedingly.”
Fig. 92 shows the commencement of the Karori Road at Hawkestone Street; the house on the hill to the left was built by Mr. Joah Wakefield, and that at the top of the road was once the residence of Mr. Brandon. The one with the verandah was built by Mr. Wicksteed, and on the right of that was the Cadets' College, tenanted by some of the surveying cadets of the company. Mr. St. Hill's house appeared above these, backed by the Tinakori Hills. (Brees', 1847.)
One of the views (Fig. 91) is taken from Tinakori Road. Maoris are seen dragging a large canoe to the harbour: a chief stands in the canoe giving time to the men at the rope. Brees' cottage is seen at the right.
The names appearing on the Burgess Roll of 1843 as residents are:—S.
The Government granted a site (section 566) in Hawkestone Street, to the Rev. Dr. Viard and his successors, for the education of native and half-caste children.
The first official visitors at St. Joseph's Providence” were Messrs. J. Johnston and Clifford.
In 1850 Mr. W. Marshall conducted a grammar school on the Crescent, and the 1863 Almanac contains the names of the residents, viz.:—Messrs. H.
The origin of the name appears to be associated with the name of General Hill's “Hawkestone” Estate (see Hill Street).
Hay Street, Oriental Bay (Sec. 412–419), is off Oriental Parade, near Band Rotunda. Named after Mr. Wm. Hay, of Shetland Yards, a large employer of labour. Mr. Arcus appears to have been the first resident.
Herald Street, Berhampore, off Adelaide Road, Rintoul Street and Russell Terrace, is named after H.M.S. “Herald.”
Herbert Street,
Langdon's Store and Hansard's Place were damaged by the earthquake of 1848. In 1852, Mr. Joe Bishop's name appears as resident. A little later
The residents in 1863 were (west side): Messrs. J.
Hill Street, Thorndon, off Molesworth Street and Tinakori Road, is named after General Rowland Hill, second in command at Waterloo, under the Duke of Wellington, and later the Commander-in-chief of the British Army.
The original purchasers of the Town acres in this street, with frontages also to Glenbervie Road, were:
Dr. Evans' house is shown on Golders Hill, in the Thorndon Quay portion of Heaphy's “Panoramic Sketch,” 1841.
The Burgess Roll, 1843, contains the name of Mr. E. T. Fox as resident during that period.
The names appearing in the almanacs 1860 to 1866 were: Mrs. Calcott; Messrs. W. Gray, J. J. Costall, J. Rolls, E. Prince, J. F. Johns, Bishop Viard, the Rev. R. Fell, Messrs.
Hobson Street, Thorndon, named after Governor Hobson, is off Tinakori Road, Moturoa and Davis Streets, via. Thorndon Quay. A suspension bridge spans a deep
gully that was at one time a dumping ground for an assortment of rubbish, but is now densely clothed in greenery. Mr. J. Tomlin, emigration agent, appears to have been one of the earliest residents. His name is on the Burgess Roll for 1843.
Carkeek's map, dated 1861, bears the following names, as under:—Sec. 595, W. Hickson and a); 596, A de B. Brandon; 610, Rob Hart, A. Ingram-Johnston (right of way between); 612, C. Chippendale; 614,
Hopper Street,
Houghton Bay, Queens Drive, between Lyall and Island Bays, is named after Mr. J. Houghton. The old Maori name for the Bay is “Haewai.” Where Te Kopara's party cremated the chiefs of
Hunter Street, City, off Lambton, Customhouse and Jervois Quays, is named after Mr. George Hunter, the eldest son of the first Mayor of Wellington, and father to
Island Bay is approached from Adelaide Road, via. Berhampore, by tram, and Queens Drive by motor bus, etc. The origin of the name is due to the island immediately south of the Bay, called Tapu-te-ranga. Mr. George Hunter, son of the first Mayor of Wellington, became proprietor of the Island Bay estate in the early days. It was surveyed by
The streets are named after the rivers of the United Kingdom. The writer was given a map of 1888 by
Picnic parties at this time thought nothing of tramping to Island Bay, and the writer can recall a visit to the Hermit in 1886. He was reclining on some sacks at the far end of the cave, and did not appear anxious or pleased to see strangers, who invariably left coins of the realm on a huge boulder near a smouldering fire that rendered the atmosphere as unpleasant as the Hermit's company, and which caused them to make an early departure.
Evidently the Hermit was not averse to being photographed, as a reproduction of one is on page 27 of the “Evening Post” Christmas number of 1903, where he is seen standing at the entrance to his cave. Island Bay, in 1895, is described in the “New Zealand Encyclopedia,” vol. 1 p. 799, thus:—“Island Bay is a settlement 4 miles south of Wellington, and forms a ward of the Borough of Melrose… . There are no postal arrangements, but a telephone bureau has been established at the Island Bay Hotel. The place is a summer holiday resort for city residents, and the houses are mostly unoccupied in the winter.” Mr. R. Keene's house on the hill is an old land mark, but the sand dunes, the camping places of picnic parties, are now levelled and built on. The latest attraction is the Children's Playground, which was opened by Councillor B. G. H. Burn on the 18th December, 1927. A description, with illustrations, appears in “The Dominion,” 14/12/27, and the “Post” on the 19th.
Jervois Quay extends from Grey Street (Post Office Square) to Taranaki Street, The Central Fire Station and the Queen's Wharf, etc., are in this locality. The Quay was named after
John Street, Newtown, is off Tasman and Hanson Streets, and Adelaide and Hutchison Roads. This name is associated with
Residents in 1866 were Messrs. Ockenden and W. Smith, and probably Mr. Bird, the last of the squatters to live in a whare on the Town Belt in that vicinity. The Hutchison Road alteration scheme, for show purposes, is dealt with in an “Evening Post” article (2/9/27). The same paper published a description and a plan of the general layout of the scheme on the 2nd December, 1926.
Johnston Street, City, reclaimed land, off Lambton and Customhouse Quays, is named after the
The writer recalls his first visit to this theatre in 1886, and his pleasure in listening to Mr. E. J. Hill (Teddy) sing “The Pilgrim of Love”; also his associations with the orchestra in connection with the Musical Society, under
Kaiwharawhara, 2 miles from Lambton Station, approached by the Tinakori Road, Thorndon Quay and the Hutt-Petone Road, is named after the “wharawhara,” the Astelia Banksu (a plant), or the long plumes of the white heron, worn by Maori chiefs on state occasions: vide Archdeacon Williams's “Maori Directory.” (Kai—to eat; eating-food.)
On the 27th December, 1840, about 300 passengers, consisting mainly of Highlanders and Paisley weavers from Clyde, landed from the ship “Blenheim” (see “Blenheim” passenger-list) at Kaiwharawhara, and “pigged” it in a large raupo whare erected by the agent of the New Zealand Company. They remained there for some time, until some drifted to the Hutt, Porirua and Rangitikei. One of the passengers was Mr. Jas. Brown, whose reminiscences of a pioneer settler, published in Vol. 2, No. 3 Journal of the Early Settlers' Association, January, 1923, make very interesting reading. A saw-mill was erected on a section belonging to Captain Daniell and undertaken by four mill wrights, who completed it in October, 1842. The mill consisted of a water wheel placed athwart the stream, which was dammed up. The “New Zealand Journal” (10/10/46) stated: “The dam of Mr. Schultz's mill at Kaiwharawhara was carried away by a flood caused by heavy rain, and would require about £200 to repair the damage.” An illustration of this mill, the bush behind, the bullock dray and bushmen may be seen in Fig. 94. The illustration of another mill (Fig. 96), Matheson and Schultz's flourmill, was photographed about 1857. The dam of the latter is still a conspicuous object, and the water pool below serves as a bathing hole for children.
Brees mentions, on page 14 of his book on New Zealand, that four sections were in cultivation in 1845. There were 9 cultivators, 17¼ acres of wheat, 6½ acres barley, 3½ acres green crops, and 1½ acres in grass. And the Almanac for 1852–53 contains the names of three hotels in this locality, viz., “The Highlander,” “The Rainbow Tavern” and “The Waterloo Hotel.” Hirst's tannery, shown in Fig. 97, was established in 1857. Fig. 95 shows the road, the beach, hotel, and the hulk of the “
The remains of the s.s. Arawata lie in the sea on the beach behind the railway station. She began service as a passenger boat in 1875, degenerated into a coal hulk, was bumped into by the s.s. Devon, damaged and beached in 1926, vide “Evening Post” (14/1/1926). Taringa-Kuri, called “Dog's Ear,” because by placing his ear to the ground he could detect the approach of an enemy from a great distance, was the principal chief of the natives located here when the first settlers arrived.
Kaiwharawhara Road. In 1840 the bush covered the hillsides down to the water's edge, and the pedestrian scrambled through the bush or over the rocks in the best manner that he could. A sailor escaped from his boat early in 1841, and made his way to Pito-one, where he lived with the Maoris for a time. Thinking that the ship had sailed, he ventured to go to Thorndon, but found on his arrival that he was mistaken, for the first person he saw was has captain, a martinet. Needless to state, he made his tedious way back again. The “Gazette,” 9th October, 1841, made this announcement: “The road from Wellington to Petone is now nearly completed, and perfectly easy to be gone over by any vehicle.
The Kaiwharawhara stream winds its course from above Mitcheltown (vide Hutt County Map, Survey Department), across the Karori Road, through Wilton's Bush, between (at times) the golden bloom clad hills by Ngaio, and flows into the sea at Kaiwharawhara.
Karori “devious” is approached by tram from Government Buildings, via. Molesworth Street, past the Botanical Gardens to Karori Road, and from Allington and Makara Roads, etc. Wakefield, in his “
“In the upland Valley of the Karore, several people had begun to clear. The road had not yet reached this, having to cross a steep part of the Kaiwharawhara Valley, but the clearers used to find their way by an old Maori path and live in the bush for days together. This valley is situated at the elevation of about 800 feet above sea level, about 2m. S.W. of Wellington by the present road. This tract boasts of the very finest totara and other timber.” The population in 1845 was 215, consisting of 57 males and 49 females (adults), and 49 males and 60 females, under 14. There were 32 couples with families, and 4 without; 17 bachelors, 12 spinsters, 4 widowers, and 1 widow. In 1845 there were 132 acres cleared. The “New Zealand Journal” of the 10th March, 1849, states: “The present Chief Justice,
In 1846 the dwellings of some of the labouring settlers were clustered so as to have the appearance of a village near Mr. Chapman's house. A building had been erected to serve the united purpose of chapel and school, and a shop had been opened. At a fete in 1847, on the opening of the Chapel, it was remarked that out of the whole population of over 200 souls, no death had occurred within a twelvemonth. The anniversary of the settlement was celebrated on Wednesday, March 4th, 1851, as on former years, by a tea meeting. The attendance was numerous, comprising the bulk of the Karori population, with friends from Wellington. Addresses were delivered by Revs. J. Watkin, Inglis, Green and Woodward. “Mr. Hurst's garden is well worth visiting,” states the “A. and N.Z. Gazette,” 14/6/1851. In 1852, church services were held, the first being in
The original Mental Hospital was established at Karori in the early fifties, accommodating a few patients. The first person to be admitted entered the institution in 1854, and it was four years before a second patient was presented. These two were alive in 1897 when the establishment was removed about 1875 to Mount View (“Encyclopedia New Zealand,” vol. 1, p. 357).
The English Church was built in 1865, the Rev. Thos. Fancourt being the first preacher. The rev. gentleman preached the sermon at the Jubilee Service (13/8/1916), eleven days before the present church was opened. The residents living in Karori in 1866 were:—Mr. and Mrs. H. Allington (schoolmaster); Messrs. W.
Karori was created a borough in 1891, the first Mayor being Mr. A. Lancaster. The councillors for 1896 were: Messrs. H.
The Almanac for 1863 contains the following advertisement:—“Dixon's Karori Hotel, City of Wellington, 3 minutes walk from Government Buildings.” (This was later Gillespie's.)
The residents on the Karori Road in 1866 were:—Messrs.
The “N.Z. Mirror,” dated 1st March, 1929, has an illustration on page 18, of Mr. and
The cemetery in St. Mary's churchyard contains many plots of the “identities,” including E. Standen 1869, E. Allington 1870, J. Cornford 1874,
The Public Cemetery is approached from Chaytor Street, or old Karori Road, and was opened in 1891. From information courteously supplied by
See Cyclo. of N.Z., Vol. I., p. 25.Kelburn. Approached by cable car which leaves Kelburn Avenue, off Lambton Quay, at short intervals, or by The Terrace to Salamanca Road, Upland Road, etc., is named after Viscount Kelburne, the eldest son of the Earl of Glasgow, Governor of New Zealand, 1892–1897. The name was at first correctly spelt, but the “e” was dropped to avoid confusion with “Kilbirnie.” Or else that it was put right on a suggestion of Lord Kelburn, and that it was named after a seat of Lord Glasgow, as Fairlie Terrace was named after another seat of the family.
The writer has in front of him a view of Kelburn taken from a photo and reproduced in the “New Zealand Mail,” August 1904. The Kelburn car power house is in the foreground, a cable car, some large pines, and a few houses on the hills, complete the picture. Mr. A. Young's house was one of the first to appear on the scene. The same view, taken on the 12th June, 1907, adds the Tea Kiosk and a few more houses, and gives a general idea of improvement. The visitor to Wellington, with a few moments to spare, will, by entering the cable car, which takes one to the top of the hill, and descending, for a few yards to the right, the path to the Observatory, obtain one of the finest views to be seen anywhere.
“It is not often given to the citizens of an important city to be able to get from their offices in a few minutes to homes that occupy exquisitely beautiful points of vantage as regards scenery, and at the same time command an area of immense extent of the sea and harbour of their city. This is essentially the case in Wellington. It is an advantage that is fully appreciated, judging from the extraordinary development that, has taken place during the last few years. Here are to be seen splendid avenues of traffic bounded on both sides by grand buildings, where a generation ago the sullen sea beat incessantly upon long. barren, shallow beaches.”
The “Weekly Illustrated” shows some very charming pictures of Kelburn under snow, from photos by A. W. Schaef, depicting a portion of Kelburn Parade and the Park, taken on the 23rd September, 1926.
Kelburn Avenue, City, is off Lambton Quay, opposite Grey Street and T. and G. building. A photograph, taken about 1900, was reproduced in the “Weekly Press” Booklet, special Wellington number, issued
Kelburn Parade, Kelburn, is off Salamanca Road via The Terrace, Mount Street and Devon and Glasgow Streets.
The Victoria University is approached from here, and from a short cut over the “Belt,” can be seen the clustered lights of the city, the coloured lights of the wharves reflected in the harbour, and the twinkling circle of lights surrounding the Hutt, Petone and Day's Bay foreshore, which impress one with the beauty of Wellington by night.
Kent Terrace,
An article in the “Post,” dated 18th December, 1926, refers to the road widening scheme in Kent Terrace, and the hundred men hauling up the cabbage trees. Many letters of protest ensued, but the one dealing with the historic associations of the locality makes the most interesting reading. This letter appeared in the “Post,” dated 8/4/1927 and signed by Mr. E. G. Pilcher.
The “Free Lance,” 13/10/26, shows three views, viz.: (1) The widening operations of Kent Terrace just prior to the arrival of the Duke and Duchess of York; (2) a geyser nearly 200 feet high, caused by a broken valve near the Queen Victoria statue; (3) showing the result of the outburst.
Khandallah, about five miles from Lambton Station, and second station from Wellington, is described in 1895 thus: “Is in the Borough of Onslow, and 492ft. above sea level, situated near the hill once known as Mt. Misery. From the summit of the ‘kaka,’ a hill on the west side of the railway station,
Kilbirnie is approached by tram via Courtenay Place and Constable Street, or bus via Oriental Bay. Prominence is given to a streamlet marked “fresh water,” in Captain Herd's chart of 1826, and the Kilbirnie Isthmus was formerly known as
Mr. Jas. Burke's woolscouring business opposite the hotel, was established in 1869, and the hotel (
King's Wharf, Thorndon, off Waterloo Quay, is fraught with sad memories of our gallant soldier boys, and the heroism of the mothers when bidding final farewell to them as they departed for the seat of war, 1914–1918.
Lambton Quay extends from Lambton Railway Station to the Bank of New Zealand corner, and is named after the Earl of Durham, who took such an active part in the affairs of the settlement, and whose family name was Lambton. Lambton Quay, or “The Beach,” or Strand, was the high water mark. Along this portion of the beach was a Maori Pa called Kumutoto (now Woodward Street). Canoes were drawn up on the beach and bullock teams traversed its length. The late
The Cyclopedia of N.Z., Vol. I., p. 240, mentions that
Wakefield, in his “Adventure in N.Z.,” p. 146, comparing the site of the first town (Pito-one or Petone), where the anchorage was exposed to a strong sea from the Heads when the winds were southerly, and the long shoal beach, was in that case lined by an inconvenient surf, which interfered with the dry landing of goods, remarked: “At Thorndon, on the contrary, the anchorage was land locked, and the largest long boats might run their noses on to a beach on which no surf could ever break, opposite the spot of which a town could be built. Looking forward to future times, it became evident that Lambton Harbour would become the seat of commerce by means of its natural capabilities.”
All along Lambton Quay and Willis Street, as far as the present “Evening Post” office, the bush covered the hillsides down to the water's edge. The reader may easily see, by looking along the alleyways in the Quay, and Willis Street, the second growth on the cuttings made for the various reclamations.
In the 'forties and 'fifties. Clay Point (
The Early Settlers' Journal, January 1923, p. 7, gives the particulars of the first businesses established on the Beach (now Lambton Quay) in 1840. These were Harvie's Caledonian Tavern and Stores, (choice wines and spirits, groceries, pit and other saws, slates and slate pencils, steel and brass pens, regatta white and striped shirts, linen and calicoes, red fustian and cord jackets and trousers, dress coats, and stocks of candle and lamp cotton), also a “canteen” complete, containing every requisite for an exploring party. The advertisement was dated 16/5/1840.
The panoramic sketches known as Nattrass' and reproduced by McKee and Gamble about 1900, shows the raupo houses, stores and frame buildings existing in 1840 and 1841. These are numbered 1 to 52, copies of which may be seen in the Dominion Museum and Turnbull Library.
How many of the thousands of people who daily walk along Lambton Quay, know, or realise, as they pass the Hotel Cecil, that on that site stood one of the most historical buildings in Wellington? This old house was the rendezvous for the principal residents of the settlement after its removal to Thorndon. There it was that their grievances were aired, societies established, business transacted, and banquets and balls held. To relate every incident of importance to the settlers that took place there, combined with the long speeches at the meetings, would in itself comprise a fair sized volume replete with very interesting matter.
A brief description of the building, taken from Carter's “Recollections of a New Zealand Colonist,” and mention of a few of the meetings held there in the short period of its existence, is given as under:—“One of Manning's houses originally brought out from England by Dr. Evans and sold to
“I purchased the ruins of this building and portions of the furniture at auction for £50. As the original imported structure still (1871) stands, and is one of the oldest, if not the oldest public building in Wellington, a certain historical interest clings to it.”
This hotel stood on part of Sections 514 and 515, bounded by Charlotte (now Moles-worth Street), Sydney Street, and Lambton Quay.
Some of the objects of the meetings, which commenced on July 28th, 1840, when the building was in an unfinished stage, to the 2nd of February, 1848, are here mentioned, together with other occurrences:—
Selection of Town lands, 28th July, 1840.
To receive Captain Hobson's answer re the New Zealand Land Bill, 19th August.
Formation of Commercial and Agricultural Club, 2nd October.
Formal opening of the Hotel by a dinner, 22nd October.
Formation of the Wakefield Club.
Meeting re a Library and Exchange.
Formation of Cattle Company, by
Mr. G. Redmond, writing to a Sydney paper, states that
Formation of Flax Company, Messrs. Crawford, Rhodes and others, 4th January, 1841.
Anniversary Ball, 22nd January.
Banquet to Captain Shuttleworth, of ship “London,” 28th January.
Indignation Meeting regarding Auckland and Artisans, 13th February.
Indignation Meeting regarding Auckland and Artisans, 15th February.
Meeting to take steps to protect the public from the outrages of the Police, 21st March, 1841.
Meeting to commemorate the separation of the Settlements from New South Wales, 15th April.
Corporation Bill, 5th August.
Meeting to welcome Governor Hobson (400 attended), 19th August.
Reception of Governor Hobson and the Governor's apartments, 21st Aug.
Governor Hobson's Levee, crimping repudiated, 9th September.
Cattle Pound meeting, 9th September.
Meeting re greater banking facilities.
Governor's Levee, 21st January, 1842.
Meeting of Scots Church Committee, 15th September (
Race Dinner, 20th October; £50 collected in the room for third annual sports.
Formation of Jockey Club, stewards appointed, 12th November.
Mayoral Dinner, 7th April, 1843.
Meeting against proposal to divert the Cemetery site, 26th November.
Performance of “Macbeth,” 1845.
Ball to Governor and Military and Naval Officers, 1846.
Captain Grey's suite of apartments, 17th March.
Meeting regarding Defence measures, 18th May.
Ball, by invitation, 21st January, 1847.
Subscription Ball, 2nd February, 1848.
The top portion of Hotel demolished by earthuake, 1855.
The locality of Barrett's old hotel is shown in a panoramic view of the foreshore (Lambton Quay) about 1868, where is seen the old Government Printing Office, which was destroyed by fire on the 8th October, 1890.
Hatfield's Royal Hotel, and the wharf in front, are shown. Next to the hotel was a vacant lot or road way, at one end of which was a large building in Sydney Street; beyond the building can be seen a firebell tower, while to the left (looking up Sydney Street) are seen the Sydney Street Schoolroom and a gable of the Methodist Church opposite. To the left of the schoolroom, above the old Government Printing Office, may be seen Hill Street and Golder's Hill residences. The Provincial Buildings (Parliamentary Library site), and the spire of St. Mary's Roman Catholic Cathedral complete the group of buildings in the vicinity. The Cathedral was destroyed by fire on the 28th November, 1898.
Three buildings occupied the block between the hotel to the corner of Mulgrave and Sydney Street.
Referring to the panoramic sketch of 1841, a glance at the sketch reveals the house used as a public library, and religious services for different denominations, after the destruction by fire of the Post Office, Court House and Church referred to as the “Barn of all Work” in Wakefield's Adventure, pp. 399–530. On the hill to the left stood Colonel Wakefield's house, afterwards Government House, and the site of that portion near Bowen Street, of the Parliamentary Buildings with the tower.
Messrs H. Cook's stores were on the corner of Kumutoto Street (Bowen Street) shown on the 1870 view as Brandon's Office and Corner. Eleven unnamed buildings stood between Cook's stores and the Durham Arms, next to the Wakefield Club, in front of which a sailing boat is seen on the water. Further to the south were Allan's, the Mechanics' Hall and Institute, Wm. Lyon, Waters and Smith (between the Club and Woodward Street), Grace's Academy, corner of Woodward Street (now Druids' Chambers site), the store of Durie and Co. adjoined. Bethune and Co.'s stores were about six doors away from Durie's, and near Willis and Co.'s stores. These were all swept away by a fire in 1842. Major Heaphy's house is seen on Flagstaff Hill, above Clay Point or
Two Maoris are seen paddling a canoe in the sea where the King's Chambers is now standing, and on the beach behind are the places of
Another sketch by Major Heaphy, a copy of which was presented to the Museum by Mrs. Shortland, shows the line of beach from Willis and Co.'s stores to Bellsize Point (Davis Street).
An enlarged painting of this sketch has been faithfully rendered by Mr. George E. Hunter, of Wadestown. The group in front of the flagstaff on the beach comprise Mr. George Hunter, first Mayor of Wellington, evidently prepared for a ceremonial visit, for he wears a tall hat, frock coat and gloves, attended by a groom holding his horse. Nearby are some sailors drawing a boat up on the beach, and a bullock team is on its way towards
The Burgess Roll. of 1843, gives the names of residents of the Beach, or Lambton Quay, who paid a pound deposit for the privilege to vote.
The following advertisement appeared in the newspaper (Gazette, April 26th, 1845): “Lambton Quay, or Strand, Britannia, a freehold allotment, 48ft frontage, with building at present in occupation by Mr. A. Haase, was sold for £48.”
Mr. J. Hurley notified in the Almanac for 1853, that he had timber for sale, and requested his customers to apply at the sawmills (Porirua Road), or to his bullock driver, when on the beach with timber.
The Nelson Hotel (Central) notified extenive alterations to their hotel, and that good stabling was assured. (“Independent,” 21/1/1857.) The writer was informed that the old Scotch Kirk opposite (Fig. 117), was absorbed in these “extensive” alterations.
A sale of Harbour Reserves appeared in the “Independent,” July 31st, 1858. The proclamation was signed by Wm. Fitzherbert, Provincial Secretary. The sale was dated 1st September, 1858. Amongst the lots were: Lot 9, Lambton Quay, 30ft frontage, at £12 per foot; a small house was on this lot, the property of Mr. Hewit. Lot 25, of 54ft frontage, for £8 per foot.
A great event, viz., the laying of the foundation stone of the Oddfellows' Hall (site of T. and G. new buildings), which took place on the 21st May, 1859. The engraving shown elsewhere is from an old photograph by Mr. Swan. A public holiday was declared, and the ceremony was carried out by His Excellency, the Bishop, and the Captain of H.M.S. “Elk.” The company was addressed by P.G.M. S. Levy. A “vast” number of the clergy and the whole of the garrison turned out. Various views of the beach undergoing changes by reclamation are shown in the “Post,” Christmas, 1903, p. 10. Taine's and Gear's, in the sixties. The Supreme Court, demolished in 1903 to make room for the Bank, the Mechanics Institute and Mr. Plimmer's residence. And a later view shows St. Andrew's, since removed to Tinakori Road and used as a churchroom for St. Paul's. This view shows the fire tower, removed about 1893, seen on the hill above the kirk. The site of the present Bank of New Zealand is vacant.
Carkeek's map, 1861, shows Lambton Quay extending from Pipitea Point to beyond Clay Point. The names appearing on sections 514 and 515 (Hotel Cecil site-Barrett's) are Messrs Cowper, corner Mulgrave Street; J. Joseph, and J. Dorset. The balance, with a frontage to Charlotte and Sydney Streets, was Native Reserve, except for the grant for a school, facing Sydney Street. The guard house on the Government Reserve faced Charlotte Street, and the church faced section 505 (Museum grounds). Section 491 (Bowen Street, or Brandon's Corner), bears the names of H.
A supplement to the “Dominion,” dated March 7th, 1927, contains a descriptive account of the Duke of Edinburgh's visit to Wellington, arriving on Sunday, April 11th, 1869. The reproduction of a photo of the Duke accompanies the article. A few extracts are given as under, being taken from the “Independent,” April 12th, 1869:—“The scene was exceedingly gay and picturesque in the space adjoining the wharf and stretching up Featherston Street. The windows and roofs of houses were crowded with spectators; the streets and a portion of the reclaimed land were occupied by the volunteers, cavalry and rifle companies: the two stands erected were crowded with gaily dressed ladies, while all around and far along the beach, banners and flags fluttered in the breeze.… At the landing were His Excellency Sir George Bowen, the Hons. E.
“We are all standing in suspense, when suddenly the boom of the “Galatea's” gun is heard, as the salute is given when the Duke leaves the Royal vessel. The Maori band, who face the edge of the wharf, begin to move their arms and limbs; the rest of us press forward to get good places. Captain McBarnet slips between the lines of troops and calls for cheers when His Royal Highness lands. Only a few moments elapse and then the galley rounds the outer top of the wharf. Nearer and nearer comes the boat bearing the Sailor Prince. The excitement of the Maoris becomes uncontrollable. They gesticulate; they dance; they throw their arms and weapons wildly in the air, while they yell like fiends let loose from pandemonium. They are bidding the Duke welcome. ‘Haeri mai! Haeri mai!’ they yell—much to the puzzlement of the boat's crew. Dr. Featherston presented an address of welcome from the Province and the Maoris, then His Royal Highness entered a handsome barouche and four. Rapidly the procession passed from the wharf, and proceeded along the beach; past the Oddfellows Hall; past the hotels with their prominent transparencies; past Mr. Owen's establishment, whose large show windows, instead of being filled with temptation to extravagance in the form of bariges, silks and muslins, were filled with infinitely more dangerous temptation by the presence of a bevy of pretty girls; past Brandon's Corner, up Molesworth Street, and Government House is reached at last.…”
“Fifteen hundred children were assembled in the Domain (Government lawn), and it was pleasant to hear their silvery voices pealing forth in the beautiful ‘National Anthem.’
“The city all day was lively in the extreme. The display of bunting made by Mr. E. W. Mills across Lambton Quay was especially noticeable for its beautiful and picturesque effect. At night the streets were crowded with people who had come out to see the illuminations. The six bonfires on the hills lighted up the surrounding scenery and gave a thousand picturesque lights and shades such as a painter would have loved to see. There was a splendid display of fireworks, rockets, Roman candles, blue lights and squibs. Dazzling displays of tiers of candles were to be seen in a number of places along the beach.
“The Duke, accompanied by Sir Geo. Bowen, rode out as far as Makara. Next day he drove out to ‘the paddock (ClaphaMcs) adjoining the Thorndon Barracks’ and witnessed a war dance of about 300 natives. A regatta was held next day. At
The principal buildings in Lambton Quay are the Government Printing Office and Buildings, Parliamentary Buildings, Magistrates Court, Public Trust, State Fire, Union Bank, and Banks of New South Wales and New Zealand. There are not many vacant lots on Lambton Quay, but a crop of blackberries and an elder tree are flourishing on a vacant section by the Union Bank. The ubiquitous blackberry forces its way, at times, through a crack in the hoarding. At the corner of this Bank and Hunter Street may be seen the long memorial pole presented by Mr. Samuel Brown, Mayor, in 1888, to commemorate the lighting of the town by electricity.
The old buildings are being rapidly and ruthlessly destroyed to clear the way for modern structures. The Bristol (the old Dresden) was pulled down at the time of writing this (January 1928) and nothing is left of it but the floor, covered with debris. An old building still stands between Berman's and the second Barrett's Hotel, whose license was transferred from the old Barrett's about 1850.
Brandon's office, once the Provincial Solicitors office, and a few buildings adjacent, are probably the oldest buildings in the vicinity.
A well known character who traversed the beach or Quay in the eighties was called the “whiffler.” The whiffler sometimes looked a fearsome object, garbed in the costume of a Red Indian, carpet slippers on his feet, a string of sausages round his neck, and a sheep's pluck whirling in the air, as he whooped along in vain pursuit of the youngsters. The writer recalls seeing him dressed with a forage cap on his head, a red jacket, black trousers, carpet slippers, and a portion of a bullock's hide with a tail attached, adorning his person.
Lavaud Street, off Adelaide Road, by the Town Belt, Newtown. Named after Commodore Lavaud, Captain of the French frigate “L'Aube,” figuring in the Akaroa affair. The “N.Z. Journal,” 15th January, 1841, states: “A French frigate with part of the French expedition to the Banks Peninsula, had arrived at the Bay of Islands. H.M. brig “Britomart” had sailed with Mr. Murphy, Esq., J.P., to warn the subjects of France, on their arrival, that the territory in question had been claimed by proclamation in the name of the Queen. After visiting Banks Peninsula, the ‘Britomart’ was expected at Port Nicholson with Mr. Murphy and another gentleman appointed Magistrates at Britannia (Wellington).
This name (Lavaud) appears to have been a “hurdle” to many. Early maps of Brees and Fitzgerald, 1843–1848, bear the name “Leraud.” Other records which the writer has examined have various ways of spelling it, viz., Lavaud, Laweand, Laourd, and Leraud.
Little Pipitea Street is off Molesworth and Murphy Streets, Thorndon, through Sec. 579 and N. Res. 580. The residents in 1866 were J. Creamer, Mrs. Cooper, R. Craig,
Lowry Bay, about 16 miles from Wellington, is approached by ferry steamer or bus. A fine sketch of Port Nicholson, showing the Heads, and Wellington in the distance, from Lowry Bay, is shown on Fig. 13, p. 18, and described by Brees as swampy and fern land. There are two streams, Wainui-o-mata and the Orongo-ronga, which join the sea at Fitzroy Bay. Mention is made by Wakefield in his “
The residents in the district in 1866 were: Messrs. H.
Lyall Bay. About 5 miles from the city, is described in Sir J. Alexander's “Incidents of the War in N.Z.” as: “A sandy peninsula, over which Cook's boats once rowed before an upheaval from earthquakes took place.” The eastern headland, Point Hippah, was the site of a native village in 1836, Hippah being Cook's rendering in Maori of “He Pa,” a fortified village (Best's “Discovery of Wellington Harbour,” p. 14). The “N.Z. Index” for 1925 states that Lyall Bay is named after Dr. Lyall, of H.M.S. “Acheron” (1847). Early in 1842, the barque “Winwick” was wrecked at Lyall's (or False Bay). One account is that the captain mistook Lyall's Bay for Port Nicholson, and ran in boldly but, finding his error, let go his anchor, and held on for some time. The “New Zealand Journal,” from which the above extract was taken, dated 9/7/1842, also mentions that the ship “Elbe,” of New York, a whaler, was wrecked there on the 15th December, 1841. Following this is the report of a public meeting, held about the gale that caused the wrecks, and of resolutions by Messrs. H. Wallace and Wade, seconded by the Rev.
The second half annual meeting of the local races was fixed to take place on Monday, 4th July, 1842, at Lyall's Bay; horses were to be on the ground at 11 a.m. (“N.Z. Journal,” 21/1/1843). Another race—this time by the human race—took place one day in April, about forty years after, when many Wellington residents, acting on the circulation of a report that a large whale was stranded on the beach at Lyall Bay, journeyed from Wellington, only to find a pole with the usual April Fool's Day notice attached. The hoax was attributed to the “Whiffler.”
Macfarlane Street, Victoria Slopes, off Roxburgh Street, was named after the
Maginnity Street, City, off Waring Taylor and Ballance Streets, was named after Mr. J. Maginnity, wine merchant. The old iron building with a semi-circular roof was once the Drill Hall, and was let for concerts, balls, etc., besides being used as a concert hall for an exhibition opened in the vicinity on the 1st August, 1885, and referred to against Stout Street.
Mention of this old building brings back memories of 1886 to the writer, who, as a gunner in the D Battery, took part in the keen competition amongst the detachments, and their desire to be first to accomplish the unlimbering and limbering of the guns, and to “squat” on the wheel. How we did the “giant slide” on the highly-polished floor that was used for dancing the previous night. Some shot past their objective like an inexperienced skater and hit the wall a few yards beyond. Others slid along in a sitting posture. Some of the officers then were: Captain McCredie, Lieutenants W. S. Moorhouse, Courtenay and Williams, and Sergeant-Majors Bock and Robinson.
Note.—Ma-Manga—a stream, Kara—a kind of stone-grey waeke (trap rock). This name is woefully mispronounced. (Elsdon Best.)Makara,
His Royal Highness the Duke of Edinburgh, accompanied by
Manners Street,
The Rev.
About two acres of this land were legally conveyed, and afterwards exchanged for a piece of land where now the Royal Oak Hotel stands, and the site of the old Fire Brigade stood at
A raupo church, called “Araiteuri,” after a celebrated female ‘taniwha’ (or monster), was built, and a teacher named Minarapa appointed. Wharepouri, the Nga-uranga chief, appears to have been a conspicuous figure in the conferences. He was described as tall and majestic, having his hair tastefully tied on the top of his head, and falling back like a diadem. His head was also decorated with feathers, so that he had a savage and commanding appearance. The people were anxious to obtain books, and the man who obtained a copy of the New Testament became a person of distinction.
The first known white settler to fix his abode in Manners Street was the
The first church of Raupo was well built by the Maoris on the east side of
On January 22nd, 1844, the foundation of a new church was laid by Governor Fitzroy, and a brick church was opened by the Rev. S. Ironside in December, 1844. Mr. Brees describes it as being 39ft wide and 48ft long, and the walls 18in thick. It was destroyed by the earthquake of 1848, and a wooden edifice built on the same ground in 1850. This was demolished by the Opera House fire on June 15th, 1879. Morley's “History of Methodism,” kindly lent by “
An illustration of Brees' represents the Chapel and Mission House (1844–47). The house occupied by Mr. Brewer was on the right of the road, and the trench and mound, formed after the Wairau conflict, for inclosing certain spots as places of refuge in case of a native attack on Wellington, were part of Bethune and Hunter's cattle yard (site of Opera House and Bank N.Z.) A bullock-dray and team are proceeding towards Willis Street, and in the distance the new theatre near the hotel, and described on another page, is seen.
The hotels in Manners Street in 1852 were: The “New Zealander” (R. Jenkins), and the “Ship Hotel” (J. Pimble); the latter hotel appears in an illustration of 1842. Reference to the Old Bank Hotel, known in later years as the Clarendon, corner of Farish and Manners Streets, was made in “The Dominion” (7/1/1928), which mentions: “Yesterday the furniture and fittings of the Old Bank Hotel were sold at auction, and a start is to be made at once with the demolition of the premises, one of the hoary original inns of Wellington. The hotel dates back to 1861, when Manners Street, with the exception of two or three buildings, consisted of one-storey shops and dwellings.… In those days the Bank Hotel—so named as there was one of the early banks in the vicinity—stood out as a structure of some size and dignity. The coaches used to leave that vicinity three times a week for Whanganui, via Otaki and Foxton. The sailors and watermen found it a convenient place of call.”
Te Aro Pa site was at the corner of Manners and Lower Taranaki Streets. Remnants of the old pa existed on the beach, and Maoris resided there under patriarchal control under old Chief “Ezekiel.” In those days the road, in a rough state, ran down the present line of Lower Taranaki Street and ended in the beach about in a line with Hatrick and Co's. building, and between there and Manners Street was a collection of very old houses and wharves, forming the residences of the last of two Te Aro Maoris. Some shops were removed to make way for a nine-storied modern building for A. Levy, Ltd. This building was commenced, after the usual trouble with the foundations, but has been temporarily abandoned, and at present (1928) the unfinished frame-work of rusty steel marks the spot where the natives of
A clock was placed near the Women's Rest Room in 1927.
Mansfield Street, Newtown, a continuation of Riddiford Street, is named after Judge Mansfield, of New Zealand. The bowling green is on section 883, opposite the electric tram shed. This street leads to the Newtown Park and Zoological Gardens (town belt).
Maracnui, Lyall Bay, lies between Queen's Drive and Watts' Peninsula. The former name for Seantoun (Best's “Miramar,” p. 780). The sale of some sections was effected for
Marjoribank Street, Mt. Victoria Slopes, off Courtenay Place, was named after
Mason's Steps, off Lambton Quay and Wellington Terrace, was part of Mr. W. F. Mason's section 489. This was the site of one of the first smithys in the forties. The right-of-way was owned by Mr. Mason until it was forfeited by the trustees not complying with the rule regarding the periodical closing of it to the public.
McKenzie Terrace, Kelburn, off Mount Street, via Wellington Terrace and Salamanca Road, was named after Thos. Wilmor McKenzie, who was apprenticed to
McKenzie Terrace is shown on the maps of 1843 and 1844 as Clerical Road, bounding the east side of three residential reserves for the Roman Catholic Priest (Father O'Reilly), and the Wesleyan and Scotch ministers. The map of 1880 (Coleridge's) shows it as Grave Yard Road. A notice that McKenzie Terrace was to include the southern arm of Mount Street appeared in the “Dominion,” 10/9/26. An extension was made to give access to the Waiteata Estate, sections 1–15, auctioned by Harcourt and Co. (Evening “Post,” 2/5/1927). Lot 12, containing 22.06 perches, was sold for £900.
Mein Street, Newtown, extends from Riddiford Street to the Ranga-a-hiwi heights (town belt), and is named after
Melrose is between Island and Lyall Bays. The area of Melrose, including roads, was owned by Messrs. N.
The Council, in 1896, comprised:
A very fine view of Cook Strait, Lyall Bay, Kilbirnie and Miramar, taken from Mount Melrose, is shown in the “Free Lance,” March 16th. 1927, p. 34. In it the Duchess of York is admiring
Mercer Street, City, extends from Willis Street to Jervois Quay, and is named after Miss Mercer, who married
The “Dominion” newspaper of the 19th December, 1926, shows Reeves' Corner in Mercer Street before the buildings were demolished to allow for street widening. The same paper, 16/9/26, defines the acquisition of property, and the issue of 15/12/1927 notifies the widening of the north side and the erection of two-storied modern fronted shops, the whole length of the street, from Willis to Victoria Streets.
Military Road, Northland, is off Orangi-Kaupapa and Garden Road, via Northland Road. “The many fine roads through the country,” says Mr. J. Dutton in the “Free Lance,” 29/9/26, “were called military roads, and the soldiers while making them had to have their firearms beside them, usually all day. The roads were across the uplands, to avoid ambushes and surprise attacks which could not be forseen on the flat. Most of the stone wall from Tinakori Road to the Hutt was soldiers' work.”
Miramar is about 6 miles from Lambton Station and is approached by Crawford and Coutts Roads, via. Kilbirnie, or Oriental Bay, via Roseneath.
The peninsula is described by Mr. Crawford in his “Notes on Miramar Peninsula” (published in vol. V. Trans.
The writer is indebted to
The peninsula was called “Whataitai,” or “Hataitai,” and the lake, now a well-grassed flat, near Evans Bay (1904), was called “Para,” a name it retained until rechristened “Burnham Water” by Colonel Wakefield in 1840, after Burnham Hall, Essex, home of the Wakefields.
The Miramar Estate, which was almost completely surrounded by the sea, was part of the territory acquired by
Two cattle farms were established in 1840, namely, Glendavar Cattle Farm, north end of the lake, and Tettcott Farm, amongst
A lake of some 200 acres in extent on the property was artificially drained, and afterwards became the Burnham Water racecourse, said to have been the first in New Zealand. The “N.Z. Journal,” 11th March, 1848, refers thus to the tunnel made by Mr. Crawford, cut out especially to drain Burnham Water into Evans Bay:—“A tunnel about 100 yards long, cut out of solid rock, about 4ft wide and 5ft high, carried out to the level of high water, thus reclaims some hundreds of acres of land for first-rate pasturage.” This was the first tunnel made in New Zealand. It is in good preservation, and may be seen a few yards up the Shelly Bay Road, by the cutting (Miramar Avenue) and Miramar Wharf.
An article in the “N.Z. Journal,” 1/12/1849, refers to the employment of pigs to clear fern land in New Zealand. The following is from the pen of
The Killing of the Wild Boar of Watts Peninsula.“When the Duke of Edinburgh was here with the flying squadron, the authorities were anxious to give him some sport, and Major McBarnet was asked for suggestions. Many people had tried to secure this famous wild boar, but he always beat them. It was, however, suggested that the Duke should try. Major McBarnet made all arrangements. He sent a bullock-dray out into the middle of a heavy flax swamp, and in the dray was a big pig taken from the sty at the farm. He also had a lot of men to beat the swamps. In due course, the Duke arrived, and the beaters began their work, and did their best to find the real article, but, failing to do so, the domestic article was tipped out of the dray and, with a terrible lot of grunting from the pig and yelling from the beaters, the “wild boar of Watts Peninsular” was driven up to the Duke, who killed him. On the following morning, a long account of the killing of the wild boar of Watts Peninsular by the Duke of Edinburgh appeared in the local paper.
“The name Miramar was given by Major and Mrs. McBarnet to the site of the house that was built for them on the hill on the south-east end of Evans Bay. This house was built somewhere about 1868. Major McBarnet was a brother of Mrs. J. C. Crawford. Miramar was named after a shooting castle built by the great Maximillian, just north of Trieste. It is on a small peninsula, and the meaning of the word is ‘Behold the Sea!’ The name was given as being so appropriate, because from the site you have a full view of Lyall Bay and the ocean on the south and Evans Bay and the harbour on the north. The property was always known as ‘Watts Peninsular,’ and it was only the site of the house that was ‘Miramar’ until it became a borough, when it was named the Borough of Miramar, and even then it did not take in the whole of the original property as the isthmus and Kilbirnie went into the city, and were not included in the borough.”
The Borough of Miramar, with an area of 2176 acres and a population of 3200, was amalgamated with the city on the 1st February, 1921 (City Year Book, 1926). A view of the locality of the racecourse, showing the grandstand and surrounding hills, was taken by Muir and McKinlay, a reproduction of which appeared in the “Auckland Weekly News.” Feb. 17th, 1921, and another view, serving as a companion, showing the tennis court preparations for France v. New Zealand championships,
(The Ballad of the Retrospective Savage.
Mitchelltown is off Aro Street, and is built on the slopes on each side of a road that was formerly used as a bullock track to bring the heavy rata and other trees from the forest. It was named after
An illustration of Mitchelltown may be seen in the “Cyclopaedia N.Z.,” vol. 1, p. 803 (1897). The school was opened in 1894, with an average attendance of 140, under the direction of Miss McKenzie.
The Mitchelltown War Memorial stands at the junction of Aro Street and Holloway Road.
Molesworth Street, Thorndon, extends from Lambton Quay to Tinakori Road, and is named after Sir Wm. Molesworth, a director of the company and original purchaser, besides other sections in Wellington, etc., of sections 536 and 579 (corner of Pipitea Street), and 564 (Hill Street corner).
The southern portion of this street, from Hill Street to the Quay, was formerly known as Charlotte Street, and shown as Charlotte Street on the maps of 1880 and 1888, but not on Clint's Litho of 1841.
Mention is made on page 73. Macmorran's “Schools and Schoolmasters of Early Wellington,” of
The first Government house stood on the same reserve, which was set apart by the New Zealand Company for the Government Domain and recorded on a plan of the City of Wellington, signed by
The writer and the late
The only names shown on Carkeek's map, 1861, are Cimino, sec. 531, near Wellington Hotel; Hoskins, Jones and Brogan Pt. 531, and River's Provincial Hotel, near Fraser's Lane; W. Hickson and
In 1863, the names on the west side of the street were (Almanac, 1863): Government House, Old Smith's store. W.
Moturoa Street, Thorndon, off
Mount Cook,
Mount Victoria, 648ft alt., approached by Alexandra Road via Constable Street, is named after Queen Victoria. The old Maori name was Matai-rangi, then later, Tangi-te-keo.
Mr. Brees, in his Pictorial N.Z., 1847, p. 29, describes the view taken by him of the mount, thus: “There are four mills for grinding corn in Port Nicholson, viz., Mr. E. Catchpool's steam mill, which was taken to the colony by Dr. Evans, was at work so early as October, 1841; Messrs. Simmons and Hoggard's windmill, on Mount Victoria, each with one pan of stones. Mr. Molesworth's new windmill, in the Hutt Valley; and the fourth, near the mouth of the Kaiwharawhara stream. Messrs. Simmons and Hoggards motive power is the wind, but the motion is conveyed to another building, where the mill stones are fitted up. A road is formed up to the top of Mt. Victoria and to Evans Bay. The cottage shown at the foot of the hill, called Victoria Cottage, is the farm residence of Wm. Fitzherbert, Esq. The flax plant luxuriates about this locality.…”
J. Watson's Victoria dairy farm, was in operation in 1852, and in 1866 the signal station was removed from Mt. Albert to Mt. Victoria. (Baillie, p. 704.)
The big gun was hauled to its present position in the seventies by the Artillery and Volunteers, which comprised most of the old A.C. Force. It was intended to use it as a signal gun, but the idea was abandoned.
The writer was informed that “young” Willeston and some companions alarmed the citizens one night by firing it off for a joke. A new Victoria Trig Station was placed there recently by the Survey Department, and the broadcasting station for 2YA erected in 1927.
Mount Wakefield (Upper E. Tako), 985 ft., on the Ahu-mai-rangi Heights, Tinakori Range, is approached from Grant Road, via St. Mary Street, Northland Road and Weld Street, Wadestown. The name is associated with the Wakefield family.
Mulgrave Street, Thorndon, off Lambton Quay and Sydney Street, is named after the eldest son of the Colonial Secretary, the Marquis of Normanby.
When Captain Mein Smith was surveying Thorndon, he found that a claim by Mr. Tod, of about four acres, purchased from a Pipitea Chief named Moturoa, comprised the land which is now the junction of Mulgrave, Pipitea and Murphy Streets, and portions of the corner sections adjacent. (See Thorndon Flat.) These were set down on the map as Native Reserves.
A glance over the fence in this locality, from Mulgrave Street, up to 1927, gave an indication of the cultivations near the hamlet. At the present moment (January 20th, 1928) excavation operations are being carried out, and the soil lifted and dropped on the adjoining section by a steam scoop. The stocks, for refractory people, were situated opposite the little store at the corner of Pipitea Street (Sec. 543, marked Heberley's grant on the survey map, 1926, and near the residence of Major Richmond), about where St. Paul's Church now stands; the house originally belonged to Mr Levien. Major Hornbrook's house is shown on the west side of the street, and Pipitea Pa and Point below. A bullock team is in the foreground. The sketch was made by Brees. (See Fig. 131).
There is a long poem in a book entitled “The Trial of Sir Jasper,” by S. C. Hall,
A full sized page picture by N. Chevalier of a Maori in the stocks at Wellington, probably 1841, accompanies the poem.
The author of the book, in an explanatory note, says: “The anecdote was told to me by
Among many lines of verse bearing on the incident, are the following:—
“This happened in New Zealand: they had placed a drunken Maori in the public stocks.… He called the Magistrate, and thus addressed the organ of the law: ‘You find it best to punish me for that I'm drunk; and think it wise and just. Oh! weak and foolish man! Ah! I can show you a far better plan: Punish the man who made and sold the drink.’”
As Mr. Halswell was Magistrate in Wellington, during the early forties, the author's note fixes the place and approximately the year. The imposing figure in the picture dressed in frock coat and tall hat, is probably the learned judge (Mr. Halswell).
The book is in the possession of Mr. Charles Freeman, of Wellington.
The Almanac for 1852 mentions that the Thistle Inn was kept by C. Brown; while Carkeek's plan, 1861, shows on it the names of H. St. Hill and S. Mason (Section 537) and some scattered buildings along Thorndon beach. Residents in 1863 were: S. Cooper, Thistle Inn; C. Brown (publican), W. Freeman, Miss Cockran, A.
Murphy Street, Thorndon, extends from Pipitea Street to Molesworth Street, and named after Mr. M. Murphy, who acted as Police Magistrate and Sub-Sheriff for the settlement in 1840. The Pioneer Technical Instructor, Mr. Cameron, with his sons, had a rope walk at the corner of Molesworth and Murphy Streets; he had also a flax dressing school in 1843, at which the children attended from 10 a.m. to 12 and 2 p.m. to 4. Rewards were offered for improved methods of treatment. After a time Mr. Cameron conducted a “school” for adults,
On one occasion he flourished his dirk and danced and “hocked” until the rafters rang; to the delight of the boys, except one timid youth, who was so alarmed at this exhibition of his master in his wild Celtic mood, that he was deterred from further attendance.
Residents in 1863 were: W.
The Thorndon School and Swimming Baths are on Section 586, and the Fire Brigade Station near Pipitea Street. The British Pavements Ltd., under arrangements with the City Council, started work at the northern end to do surface sealing, on the 24th January, 1927 (“Dominion” report).
Museum Street, Thorndon, off Bowen and Sydney Streets and Wellington Terrace, receives its name from its proximity to the Dominion Museum. The Government House plan of 5th October, 1855, does not show this street. Access to the Church of England then was by Kumutoto, now Bowen Street, opposite the Terrace. Brees refers to the church thus: “Dr. Selwyn, the Bishop of New Zealand, landed in Wellington on the 12th August, 1842, and introduced the
A map, dated 1869, shows a street formed out of the section adjoining the Government Reserve (504), and named Lawrence Street. It was close to the Museum, but closed, and the present street formed during the alterations to the Parliamentary grounds in 1912. The Museum, called the Colonial Museum until recent years, was established in connection with the N.Z. Geological Society, in September, 1865. Dr. Hector, in his report to the Colonial Government concerning it, dated 11th September, 1866, explained its objects. Amongst the rare collections of exhibits, mention must be made of Mr. Gordon's collection of Maori war veterans, old identities, Maori pas, fortifications, and battlefields. There are pictures of early Wellington, and the lecture room upstairs contains a number of oil paintings of officers, as well as sketches incidental of the war, 1914–18.
Nairne Street,
Newtown. Approached by Kent Terrace, is named after Mr. Moodie's Hotel, which in its early days, was built in the country towards Kilbirnie, called Newtown, and known latterly as Wellington South.
Newtown Avenue, off Daniel Street and Riddiford Streets, was formed through Sec. 821 and 822.
Newtown Park is approached by Mansfield and Manchester Streets and Russell Terrace. From Newtown Park to Clyde Quay a deep boggy stream wound its sluggish way through a morass of flax, raupo and tussock grass. A swamp impassable in winter, where horses and cattle sometimes perished miserably, and where the first surveyors, jumping from tussock to tussock, occasionally slipped, plunging into mud sometimes to their armpits.
An illustration of the Park in 1895 is shown in the Cyclopaedia N.Z., Vol. I., p. 224. The writer has also in his possession a bird's-eye view of the Park, showing the Second and Fifth New Zealand Contingents in camp preparatory to leaving New Zealand for the South African War, in 1900. Recent views of the Park were shown in the “Dominion,” 7th and 8th March, 1927, where the children from the schools are seen in a living Union Jack formation on the occasion of the Duke and Duchess of York's visit to the city.
Ngaio (a tree, myoporum), the first railway station, about three miles from Wellington, is about 307ft above sea level, and situated in the Crofton Downs. The Cyclopaedia N.Z., Vol. I., p. 1062, shows a view of Ngaio, or Crofton, 1895. There was no Post Office then, and the nearest school was at Khandallah. Amongst the early residents in Crofton were J. Chew, sawmiller, about 1859, and C. Aplin 1865.
Nga-uranga (the landing place), is three miles from Wellington on the Petone-Hutt Road, described by Mr. Elsdon Best as a landing place for canoes. A small Ngati-Awa village was situated here, where
Brees, in his Pictorial N.Z., 1847, states: “
This monument stood for years on the east side of the stream, just above Wallace's, then Futter's Inn, about 1848, and was erected by
Two inns, ClaphaMcs Inn across the creek
During the old coaching days Nga-uranga was of some importance, from its being at the junction of the Porirua and Hutt Roads.
Fort Kelburn, largely constructed of masonry and having two 5-ton ordnance, stands right opposite to the entrance to the harbour. Bombardier Withers was in charge in 1889. A view of Nga-uranga in 1895 is shown on page 815 N.Z. Cyclopaedia, Vol. I.
Northland. Approached by Northland Road or Glenmore Road, or Orangi-Kaupapa Road, near the south end of Botanical Gardens. Named after a son of Lord Ranfurly. (See Fig. 137.)
Old Customhouse Street (now Bond St.), City, extends from Willis Street (by Shortt's Picture Theatre) to Cornhill Street (Bethune and Hunter's offices). On the map of 1841, the sections 205 to 215 extended to Manners Street, and Old Customhouse Street was the beach frontage. The street received its designation from the fact that the old Customhouse was in the vicinity in the earliest days of the settlement.
Business places referred to in the Almanac for 1863 were:—On the north side: H. Meech, shipwright; J. Dransfield, merchant;
A long shed used by Mr. Talbut as a shoeing forge up to the year 1928, and behind which were reposing the remnants of gigs and expresses, is standing on the north side, and Mr. Holmes' boat-building shed, which adjoined Seager's Phoenix Foundry, stands on the south side of the road, which has been widened recently.
When the portion on the north side of the Phoenix Foundry was demolished, in January, 1926, and excavation operations were in hand for the new “Dominion” printing office, this street was the rendezvous for the “old timers,” who, as youngsters, watched operations at the slaughteryard there, and sometimes came away with a “skin,” which when inflated, served as a football. The writer often met his old friend
Old Kaiwharawhara Road, Ngaio, extends from the city subway, near the Public Hall, to Perth Street.
Old Karori Road, off Chaytor Street, extends to the junction of Wilton Road, and crosses the Devil's Bridge over the Kaiwharawhara Stream before the junction is reached. This road is used chiefly as an exit from the cemetery.
Old Porirua Road, Ngaio and Khandallah. See Porirua Road. On page 87, Early Rangitikei,
Oriental Bay was called Duppa, on account of
In a book entitled “Twelve Months in Wellington, Port Nicholson,” by Lieut. John Wood, published in 1843, reference is made to Oriental Bay thus:—
“Mr. Duppa found cattle-dealing and pig-jobbing more profitable than waging war in cutting down the forest. His house, or ‘Castle Doleful,’ stands upon the beach, with less than two acres of land about it. Immediately behind the house rise steep hills, in front of the house lie rocks and the sea. This dreary-looking spot is dignified with the name of ‘Oriental Bay.’” Mr. Duppa's house was situated on the site of Wilkinson's Gardens, by Grass and Wilkinson Street. Mr. Duppa left for Nelson in 1842.
About 1840, the bay was sufficiently remote from human habitations to warrant its locality being used for quarantine purposes. The patient who was sent ashore from a ship from England was removed here, where a comfortable tent had been provided for his accommodation. A physician and nurse were detailed to attend the patient, and the company of three were carefully quarantined. The patient made a good recovery, and when risk of contagion was at an end everything used was burned. This was the first small pox patient treated in the settlement.
The third Anniversary Day (1843) was celebrated by the “Tee-totallers” (of whom Messrs. “Rechabite” Harding and
Oriental Parade, extends from Courtenay Place to Point Jerningham. It absorbed Clyde and Oriental Quays, shown on map, 1841. The beach road from the Canal Reserve (Kent Terrace) to Fitzgerald Point, was named Clyde Quay, after the ship “Clyde,” which struck a rock on her way from Whanganui to Wellington, and was beached at Kaiwharawhara. The continuation of the beach to the last section (430) was called Oriental Quay. The residents here in 1866 were Mrs. Greer, Standard and Downes (bathing establishment), and Messrs. J. Harris and O'Loughlin. The houses may be seen in the background of the
The Almanac for 1883 states: “The slip on Clyde Quay, near the baths, will take on vessels up to 130 tons, the paddle steamer ‘Manawatu’ being the largest vessel accommodated. The slip is 320ft long. 120ft of which is above high water mark and the other 200ft below.… . About 17 hands are kept constantly employed, under the direction of
The Hon. John Martin presented a drinking fountain to the city in 1875, which was erected at the corner of Hunter Street and Lambton Quay — (Fig. 82) — about the spot where the Sam Brown lighting memorial pole stands. Evidently some trouble was experienced with regard to its lighting, for the “N.Z. Times,” 26th July, 1876, states: “We learn with much pleasure that the third attempt to import lamps for the Martin drinking fountain has proved successful. This time the lamps have arrived from Melbourne without injury, and in excellent condition in every respect.” This fountain now stands in the little reserve at the corner of the Parade and Terrace, opposite the Band Rotunda, in Oriental Bay.
The representation Commission map of 1917 shows that portion of the Parade from Fitzgerald Point to Oriental Terrace under the name of Dewsbury (probably meant for Didsbury, the Government Printer) Terrace.
In the “Auckland Weekly,” 21st September, 1922, pp. 36 and 45, are excellent illustrations of the Parade, showing the Band Rotunda and the locality of Martin's Fountain in the foreground.
Oriental Terrace, extends from Hawker Street, by St. Gerard's R.C. Church, to the little reserve quoted above. In 1841 it extended to Grass Street. The residents in 1866 were Mr. W. Bannister and Mrs. Whebby. The Hon.
Owhariu, nine miles by road from Johnsonville, via Old Porirua Road, etc. Some of the residents in 1866 were: G. Beech, E. Best, W. Booth, J. Fawcett, Mrs. Monk, W. Simpson, T. Brown, W. Catt, D.
Owhiro (O-whiro, possibly named after a man called Whiro) Bay, approached by Island Bay Esplanade or Ohiro (Owhiro) Road via Aro Street, through the Town Belt, by the Central Park. The road follows Owhiro stream to the bay. Another route is by Upper Willis Street tram to Brooklyn, to the junction of Cleveland and Todman Streets.
A letter to the editor of the “N.Z. Journal,” dated 23rd October, 1842. from Mr. W. Bridges, was published in that newspaper, and reads thus:—
“No. 10 Section, Ohiro (Owhiro, Wellington. “Dear Sir,—I take the opportunity, through the kindness of Colonel Wakefield, to thank you for the N.Z. Almanac you sent me, also one for Dr. Kemball, who not being here, I sold his within half-an-hour for 5/-, and I think I could have sold a dozen or two if I had them. We have great trouble with the natives, who say they never sold this part of Port Nicholson to the Company. I have had many rows with them… I have a spot of 20 acres which commands a view of the whole of Port Nicholson and Petone and the Straits; very beautifully timbered, worth £30 an acre, which has all been burnt by the natives. I have applied to Mr. Murphy, the Police Magistrate, Messrs. Halswell, Spain and Clarke, etc., and can get no redress. The Acting-Governor is expected, when I hope it will be settled.”
In Mr. Brees description (N.Z. Pictorial, 1847, p. 28), Owhiro, spelt by him “Ohiro” Valley, runs from the sea in Cook's Strait to
Mr. Fitchett's dairy farm, “Ohiro Farm,” was established by
Residents of Owhiro in 1866 were: Messrs.
Looking up records, the writer finds that
Owen Street, is named after Professor Owen, who was greatly interested in Moa bones.
Panama Street, City, off Lambton Quay and Customhouse Quay, gives access to the north entrance to G.P.O., and the south entrance to the Government Life Insurance, and is named to commemorate the days when the fastest mail from Home came by the Panama Route. In 1857–63, reclamation to Panama Street was 7 acres odd, and in 1866 Mr. W. Tonks secured the contract to reclaim 13 acres from Panama Street to the north of Waring Taylor Street, including the construction of a sea wall, which was completed in June, 1867 (Baillie's “Reclamations,” p. 713).
The Panama Street fire, of the 27th Feb., 1887, made a great clearance of business places and offices on the reclaimed land, leaving more than two-thirds of the area a mass of ruins. A temporary break in the Wainui main reduced the supply of water to such as could be obtained from the Polhill Gully Reservoir. The H.M.S. “Nelson” was in port at the time, and the ship's brigade gallantly seconded the efforts of the city firemen.
Para Street, Miramar (origin of name unknown—the name has many meanings), extends from Miramar Avenue to Rotherham Terrace. The name commemorates the lagoon, afterwards called Burnham Water, drained by
Patanga Crescent, Thorndon, is off Tinakori Road. From Grant Road a track leads to the wireless telegraph station on Mt. Wakefield.
Pencarrow Head, Wellington Heads, is named after the place of residence of Sir Wm. Molesworth in Cornwall.
The New Zealand Company, on the 5th November, 1841, offered to erect a light-house on Pencarrow Head, at a cost of £1500, provided that such sum should be a charge against future dues. In 1842, a
A mixed force of Ngapuhi. Ngati-Whatua, Ngati-Toa and others, under
Angas, in his writings (1845), states:—“On the morning of my landing, I visited Pipitea Pa. Several canoes were drawn up along the beach. Some of them were beautifully decorated with kokowai, and red ochre. At this place I met Ngatata, Chief of Pipitea, and Kumutoto. who stood to me for his portrait. Ngatata was the father of E. Tako (
Pipitea Point is named Belsize Point on Chaffer's map, 1840. The name was derived from Belsize Park, Hampstead, the residence of
Pipitea Stream, Thorndon. Botanical Gardens, below Glenmore Street, flows from Baker's Hill into the Swan Pond, down Tinakori Road, crossing at Harriet, Hawkestone,
Pipitea Street, Thorndon. off Mulgrave and Molesworth Streets via. tram, and Moore Street via. Thorndon Quay, derives its name from the Pipis abounding in the locality.
Pipitea Street Hospital.—A letter from the
The Gazette (24/11/1847) mentions that an operation was performed at the Colonial Hospital, Pipitea Street (site of Girls' High School) by Dr. Fitzgerald, who removed a large tumor from the back of a native chief of Waikanae. The “N.Z. Journal,” 1/7/1848, mentions that influenza was prevalent in Wellington—about three-fourths of the population were affected, and scarcely a family had escaped.
On March 6th, 1848, Dr. Fitzgerald, in his hospital report, gives the names of natives to constitute a Board of Visitors. They are as follows:—Pito-one Pa—Ko te
Wai-Whetu—Ko Ehanga, Ko Rihia, Ko Mataiwi; Nga-Uranga—Ko te Mamihere, Ko te Watene; Kaiwharawhara—Ko kuri, Ko te Tura; Pipitea—Ko Purutu, Ko te Ropiha, Ko Wairarapa; Kumutoto—Ko Wi Tako; Te Aro—Ko Hemi, Ko Mohi, Ko Tamata Wiremu, Ko Pukuwahi, Ko Puihi, Ko Hekaria. (“N.Z. Journal,” 18/11/1848).
Bishop Selwyn, in his diary, published in the “N.Z. Journal” at this time, from which an extract is taken (21st April, 1849), mentions the Hospital at Thorndon. He writes: “The duties of the day began with English and native services in the hospital, where patients of both races lie side by side, with the same attention and relief administered to all alike. I think I have already mentioned in former letters that one of the chief men of
The Australian and New Zealand “Gazette” of the 14th June, 1851, announced: “A Colonial Hospital is to be erected on the site of the former one at Thorndon (Pipitea Street).
The “N.Z. Journal,” 20/5/1848, copying extracts from the local paper, states: “Through the kindness of Dr. Fitzgerald, we have had an opportunity of inspecting the new Hospital on Thorndon Flat, which has been some time completed and is now open for receipt of patients. On the ground floor there is a large surgery, opposite to a sick ward, and convenient offices. On the first story is a large ward the length of the
The residents in Pipitea Street in 1865 and 1866 were: Messrs.
Pirie Street,
Pito-one (Petone), meaning end of the sand, is 7 miles from Wellington by road.
The whole of this district was covered with high forest to within a mile and a half of the beach, when swamps full of flax and a belt of sand hills intervened. Along the front of the western hills were numerous flourishing potato gardens. The soil on the banks of the river was rich, and covered with majestic timber, except where fertile but scanty gardens had been cleared and cultivated by the natives. Shooting and fishing was to be had in plenty.
“I had formed one of several shooting parties and fishing excursions,” states
Pito-one, then called “Britannia,” was soon populated by English folk from the early ships, who intermingled harmoniously with the natives residing there. Two by-ways through the bush were called respectively, Clyde Terrace and Cornish Row. The Rev. J. Macfarlane lived in the former locality. The houses in Cornish Row (about fourteen of them) were destroyed by the fire in 1840. The conflagration caused the Maoris to turn out and dance with glee at the sight.
Brees, in his “Pictorial N.Z.,” p. 34, states: “Upon the arrival of the first settlers at Port Nicholson, they pitched their tents along the beach near E. Puni's (
The late
The bank safe was “rafted” from Pito-one to Thorndon when the change of the site of the town was effected.
Fourteen years after, an account appeared in a newspaper, of the Founders' Festival, held at Pito-one on the 31st February, 1854. The suggestion came from
Not many of the land-marks remain. Portions of Mr. Percy's house, which was built early in 1851 and pulled down in 1925, are leaning against the old mill, built about the same time. Near by grows an oak that was planted from an acorn on the bank of the Hutt river by
The little cemetery is the only visible sign of the pa; the principal monument therein is
Plimmer's Steps, City, off Lambton Quay, by the Athenaeum and Exchange Building and Boulcott Street, commemorates the name and residence of
The lines were adorned by the figure of a dove, which now rests above
Across the way is a by-lane, giving access to the Queen's Hotel, “built in remembrance of the Coronation of King Edward VII. and Queen Alexandra, 6th August, 1902. by
Point Dorset, Seatoun, off the Marine Parade, S.E. of the Military Reserve, was named after
Point Halswell, Military Reserve, Watts Peninsula, was named after Judge Halswell, and marks the site of the Hon. Mr. Massey's tomb, comprising a gun pit, with a temporary Cenotaph above it. The Auckland “Weekly News” shows illustrations of the funeral proceedings, and the cenotaph heaped with floral tributes (31st May, 1925). The Point Halswell Road, declared a public road in 1927, is the foreshore road from a point on the southern side of Shelly Bay to the southern end of Scorching Bay. It was closed during the war, 1914. (“Dominion,” 19/2/1927).
Point Jerningham (Oamaru-Kai-Kuru), off Oriental Parade and Evans Bay Road, was named after Edward Jerningham Wake-field, the son of
Post Office Square.
City, off Grey and Panama Streets and Jervois Quay, was reclaimed land in the early sixties. A view of the vacant sections in this locality, the Post Office and time ball, Queen's wharf and bond, the Oddfellows' hall, and the site of the Pier Hotel is shown in Fig. 87.
An interesting ceremony took place here on the 22nd April, 1905, when the Queen Victoria statue, erected in front of the wharf, was unveiled (see Fig. 89). A committee, comprising
Queen's Wharf.
City, is off Post Office Square, Jervois and Customhouse Quays. The shortest route from Lambton Quays is Grey Street. The first pile for the Queen's Wharf was driven on April 28th, 1862, when the superintendent assisted in driving it. The first inter-provincial steamer to berth was the “Airedale” (286 tons), which berthed at the inner side of the first tee on the 11th March, 1863. The local steamers “Wonga Wonga” and “Stormbird” had berthed previously. For some years it was known as the “deep water wharf,” or “Government Wharf,” and probably the name “Queen's Wharf” grew from the “Queen's Bond” or warehouse, which was built in 1862–63 on a reclaimed site where Bannatyne's and Co's, (now Young's) offices stand.
Mr. H. Baillie, in his “Early Reclamations,” from which the above was extracted, on p. 715 gives a detailed account of the progress and extensions. In September, 1867, one of the Panama steamers ran into the wharf, which was damaged to the extent of £5000. Repairs costing £2000 were
A miniature sea chest, which holds the scroll of welcome presented to the Duke and Duchess of York on the 7th March, 1927, from the chairman and members of the Harbour Board, was made of totara from one of the piles of the original Queen's Wharf, built in 1862, and clad in Muntz metal sheathing. The casket was made in the Harbour Board workshop. The reproduction from a photo is shown in the “Post” of that date. The Queen's Wharf was built by the Wellington Provincial Council and managed by that body for a few years, Mr. Wm. Spinks being first wharfinger. In 1871 the Wellington City Council acquired it and leased to Mr. W. Tonks, Messrs. Jackson and Graham, 1872–1875;
Railway Stations.
Lambton is at the junction of Featherston Street, Lambton and Thorndon Quays, and the Thorndon Station (once called the Manawatu Station) is off Davis Street and Thorndon Quay.
The late Hon. R. Stokes, M.L.C., when editor of “The Spectator,” advocated the formation of a railway over the Rimutaka in 1858. His views were looked upon as wild and Utopian. As the Wairarapa district rapidly advanced in wealth and population a quicker mode of transit was required for the produce and timber than by drays and waggons. In 1867, a meeting was convened in Wellington for this object, and a committee was formed, and
Seven hundred odd miles were constructed, and eighty-four miles in the Wellington-Manawatu district by 1877–79.
On the 1st September, 1880, the morning train from Wairarapa to Wellington was ascending the hill when, on reaching a place termed “Siberia,” the wind blew with such force that several of the passenger carriages were blown off the rails and toppled over into the adjoining gully. Four of the passengers were killed outright, and several others were injured. Precautions were then taken, and a breakwind was erected between two of
Rhodes Street, Newtown, off Daniell and Riddiford Streets, was named after
Riddiford Street, Newtown, extends from John Street to Mansfield Street, off Adelaide Road; is named after
The residents in Revans Street (Riddiford) in 1866 were:—R. Carswell and R. Emmett.
The first portion of the hospital in Riddiford Street was opened on the 12th July, 1882. The bricks were made on the ground and the building erected by prison labour. Four wards were made, and the addition of the Allen and Fraser wards were made in 1894.
Rintoul Street, Newtown, extends from Riddiford Street to Lavaud Street and the Town Belt, and is named after
Roseneath, approached by Oriental Parade and Evans Bay Road. At one time
Roxburgh Street, Mt. Victoria Slopes, off off Marjoribanks and Hawker Streets, is named after the ship “Duke of Roxburgh.” Access to Clyde Quay School (sec. 367) is obtained.
Sage's Lane,
Seatoun.
About six miles from Lambton Station. The name originated from a place in Forfarshire that belonged to the Crawford family.
This place was the temporary abiding place of the heroic old-time Polynesian voyagers, who sailed their open canoes for 2000 miles from Tahiti to discover these isles, and also it was the site of the first permanent settlement in the district. The first Maori settlers erected a pa on the heights from timber procured from the Hutt Valley. In 1873, a cave-dwelling family of Maoris, six or seven of them, used a cave as a summer residence. This cave is said to be less than a mile from the pilot station. (Best's “Miramar,” p.p. 780–790). In 1878, a hundred acres, described as being three miles from the Newtown Hotel—part of the Crawford Estate—was auctioned by
Seatoun, in 1897, was described in the “Cyclopaedia N.Z.,” vol. 1, p. 805, as being laid off on a little flat to the south of the inner signal station at the entrance to the harbour. There were not more than about a dozen settlers altogether, among whom were the signalmen employed at the station. It was a Road Board district, and the first meeting was held 3/11/1880. The members in 1895 were: Messrs.
Seatoun Road, Kilbirnie, off Childers Terrace and Watford Street, at present the nearest road parallel to the southern beach and Kemp Point. The map of 1926 shows the authorised limit of reclamation, marked by a dotted line, from Aberdeen Quay to Evans Bay Road.
Somes Island (Matiu).
Was named after
In 1864 the Chamber of Commerce urged that a light be placed on Point Gordon, but the president of the Marine Board pointed out that Somes Island would be a better position; therefore it had been decided to erect a lighthouse there. It was erected and maintained by the Provincial Council until the abolition of the Provinces in 1875, when the Marine Department took over the responsibility and expense until a few years ago, when they were passed on to the Harbour Board. The light was first shown on the 17th February, 1866. It was manufactured by Messrs. Chance Bros. and Co. Keepers' dwellings were erected in October, 1865, at a cost of £695. Mr. W. Lyell, transferred from Pencarrow, was the first keeper, with D. Susans as assistant. (Baillie's “Early Reclamations,” p. 709).
The “Cyclopaedia N.Z.,” vol. 1, p. 553, states that when the “Halcione” made her second trip to New Zealand, three hundred and fifty passengers were quarantined on Somes Island; the cooking for them was done by an arrangement of trenches connected with a centre pit, over which a rough chimney was constructed. An illustration of the lighthouse and keepers' quarters appeared in the “New Zealand Mail,” 12/6/1907. During the war of 1914–18 the Island was used as an interment camp.
St. Hill Street, City, off old Customhouse Street and Manners Street, was named after H. St. Hill Esq., an early magistrate.
St. John Street,
St. Mary Street, Thorndon, off Tinakori Street and Grant Road, was named in Bishop Viard's time, after the Convent in Hill Street. A track from here leads to the wireless station and a beautiful plantation of gums.
Stout Street, City, on reclaimed land, off Lambton Quay and Featherston Street, was named after Sir Robert Stout, K.C.M.G., and late Chief Justice of New Zealand. The north end of Stout Street was, until recently, covered by the old Telephone Exchange and other buildings. The first exhibition held in New Zealand under State control was held here in 1885. This Industrial Exhibition building covered an area of about 83,000 superficial feet fronting Stout and Whitmore Streets. Further details are contained in Cowan's “New Zealand Exhibition,” published 1910. The “Dominion,” 25/1/1927, mentions that Stout Street, from Lambton Quay to Bunny Street, received a baptism of hot mix, in view of the approaching visit of the Duke and Duchess of York. The principal buildings are the Public Trust, Bank, Government Buildings, Seaman's Memorial Missions Hall and Telephone Exchange.
Sturdee Street,
Residents in Quin Street, named after Michael Quin (now Sturdee Street) in 1863 were:—On the west side: H. Love, J. Mee, W. Parris, Mrs.
Sussex Street,
Sydney Street East, Thorndon, extends from Lambton Quay, opposite Lambton Station, by the Anglican schoolroom and Artcraft Theatre to the Parliamentary Buildings. The Primitive Methodist Church was founded on the north side in 1847, by the Rev. Robert Ward, the pioneer Methodist Minister, who came down from New Plymouth to induct the Rev. Henry Green. The original building was a sod one, which
When the new portion of the buildings were commenced in 1912, the central portion of Sydney Street was closed up, and the grounds metamorphosed, but the dips and general contour of the paths indicate the approximate locality of the streams and pools. An illustration of the work in progress, the foundations and the general transformation of Sydney Street Central appeared in the Auckland “Weekly News,” 17/7/1912, and a clever reproduction by Mr. Robson is shown on figures 154 and 155.
Sydney Street West, extends from Museum Street to Tinakore Road. It is probably named after
This locality was known as Honeyman's Gully in the early days, and was the scene of the Brewer-Ross duel, which resulted in the death of the former.
Mr. Brees' map of 1843 shows the Waipirau stream emerging from the Botanical Gardens down the gully, through the Government Domain (Parliamentary Grounds) into the sea, a little to the north of the Bowen Street entrance.
Taitville.
Approached from Aro Street and Raroa Road, is named after the late
Tapu-te-Ranga.
The place name of the Pacific voyagers homeland; probably meaning: Tapu—sacred, te—the, Ranga—immovable, Island Bay, is the Maori name for the Island Recreation Reserve.
Taranaki Street,
Tasman Street,
Hutt and the Taita.
Taita is approached by the Hutt-Wairarapa Road. A tragedy occurred here in 1847. Mr. George Drake, a sawyer, was burned to death in a house belonging to
Mr. Geo. Buck, of the “Travellers Rest” Inn, informed the public in 1852 that all necessary information would be given to newly arrived immigrants and others desirous of settling in the country districts; single and double bedded rooms and good stables kept. Some residents living in the Hutt and Taita locality in 1852 were (according to the “A. and N.Z. Gazette,” 12/6/52): Messrs. Shirley and Sons, Duncan,
Mention was made of Mr. Fitzherbert's large mansion in erection on a seven-acre lot; of the
Daily mails were despatched from and after the 1st January, 1852, leaving Wellington at 3 p.m. and the Hutt at 9 a.m. Mr. W. Cleland established a store in 1861, and the school was erected prior to 1864. The roll for 1897 contained 107 names.
Te Aro (Huri-whenua).
The “New Zealand Gazette” published the following on the 29th August, 1840: “An agreement has been made with the natives of Pah Taranake, to assign over and yield up to Mr. Shortland, Colonial Secretary, all rights, titles and interest in certain lands stuated in a bay in the harbour of Port Nicholson, on which a town has been laid out by the N.Z. Company.” This agreement was signed by
A sitting of the Land Claims Court was held on February 23, 1844, before Commissioner Spain, superintendent of the Southern Division, Protector Clarke, junr., Mr. Forsaith, Colonel Wm. Wakefield, and natives of Te Aro Pa.
The “N.Z. Journal,” in its issue of the 14th September, 1844, gives a full account, from which an extract is given: “The natives of
Te Aro, 1845.
“The Maori slave woman washed the potatoes in a two-handled kit. She goes into a stream and puts one foot into the kit with the potatoes, takes hold of the handles, and commences shaking them furiously, using her foot as a scrubbing brush, thus cleansing them in a few minutes.
“Not long since, during a heavy gale, a large boat was picked up by the wind off the beach, and carried along for some distance, killing a woman.”
Mr. Angas continues: “My last afternoon at
“Rauparaha's wife was an exceedingly stout woman, and wore her hair, which was very stiff and wiry, combed up into an erect mass upon her head, about a foot high, which, combined with her size, gave her a remarkable appearance.”
The European residents in
Mr. Waring Taylor and his sister Mary, who lived in Cuba Street in a house on the site of Te Aro House, which is now (1928) being altered came out in the early forties. Mary wrote from Wellington to her great friend
Again writing from Wellington on the 24th July, 1849, Miss Taylor states: “Dear Charlotte,—About a month since, I have received and read ‘
In 1853
In 1855 the earthquake referred to elsewhere disintegrated the swamp, and small islands of flax and toi-toi were floating about the harbour and interfering with the passage of small coasters in the vicinity. At the same time the whole area was raised. (See Earthquake, 1855.)
There were natives residing at the Pa in 1866, when a subdivisional plan was made by
Mr. Plimmer also mentions that
A friend told the writer that in 1859 he would walk out of the back door of the house in Courtenay Place—shown in figures 71 and 72—walk a few paces, then jump up and down and watch the jelly like movement of the ground for a considerable distance around.
Te Aro Flat.
An illustration by Brees, taken near Captain Sharp's house, on The Terrace (site of Sir Robert Stout's house), shows the first mass of houses on the left, comprising the Star Inn, the Meat Company's premises, billiard room, and
Te Aro Gaol.
Many people will recall the days when the prisoners emerged from the Terrace gaol, now partly replaced by the new Te Aro School, and marched to the Barracks site at Mt. Cook and other locations. As late as 1877, prisoners went to work in leg-irons, ponderous, clanking impediments, a pair of which, now in the Dominion Museum, weighs 8lb., being made of 1¼in. iron. These came from Port Arthur.
Te Puni Street, Polhill District, off Aro Street was named after
Thorndon Esplanade.
The Esplanade at Thorndon was situated between the sea and the Manawatu railway station (now Thorndon station). It was a sunny spot, but, like the Botanical Gardens, was not adequately appreciated. Parts of it were at various times planted with trees by the citizens, led by Mr. Woodward, who, to his infinite credit, managed to infuse into the otherwise careless Wellingtonians a mild enthusiasm which has occasionally lasted several hours. In 1890–91, at Mr. Woodward's suggestion, a day was set apart for the planting of trees in the reserve, and the first shrub was planted by
Many seats were presented, and a Band Rotunda was erected, with shields bearing the names of those at whose expense and through whose efforts the rotunda was provided. The trees did not grow rapidly, but the Esplanade provided an excellent promenade by the sea wall for many years.
In December 1927, the trees were ruthlessly uprooted, and the rotunda and small
Thorndon Flat.
Thorndon was the site chosen by Colonel Wakefield prior to leaving Port Nicholson in 1839. But Captain Mein Smith commenced surveying Pito-one, and the colonists settled there for a time, as referred to elsewhere.
Thorndon Flat was once covered with potato cultivations belonging to the natives. These for a time exhausted the fertility of the soil, but the careful cultivation by many of the present inhabitants (1848), of numerous spots, had brought their gardens to produce very satisfactory crops.
Several streams from the Western Range afforded a constant supply of the purest water, of which vessels took in a stock with great ease, as they lay at anchor in three fathoms of water so near the beach (Lambton Quay) as to have their long boats backward and forward along a line stretched from the ship to the shore. The same measures were also frequently adopted for discharging cargo. (“N.Z. Journal,” 10/3/1849.)
Brees refers to Thorndon as the Court end of the town, being in the neighbourhood of Government House, Church, Law Courts, Police Court, N.Z. Company Survey Offices.
Thorndon Quay, 1863.
Residents on Thorndon Quay in 1863 were: J. Walden, Mrs.
Tinakori Road extends from Thorndon Quay to Glenmore Road, by the main entrance to the Botanical Gardens. The story of the origin of the name is founded on the time when the road was being formed by Europeans and Maoris. The lunch hour was nigh, and the signal given for dinner. But the overseer of the works suggested that as only a small portion of the road remained unfinished, the men work on into the dinner hour. “O! Tin a kore,” ejaculated the Maoris, meaning dinnerless or unsatisfied.
Mrs. Harold Freeman, a daughter of From written information by Miss Dorset.
Following on from Johnstones, the names quoted in the Almanac of 1863, were W. Bragge; F. Atchison, Police Inspector; G. Pickett; G. H. Vennell, Mrs. Mills, Mrs.
The residents on the south-east side were: N. Curtis;
A glance at the map published in Vogel's Official Handbook, of 1875, reveals Tinakore Road with the sections extending to Grant Road, then a long paddock. Two of the officers quarters shown in the forground are still standing. The site of the corner one, opposite Dorsets, will probably be utilised for street widening purposes. The other one is for sale. Dorset's house and garden is on the corner of Park Street, and Johnstone's house and paddock adjoin. The frontages are in Tinakore Road. Near the centre of the picture is the Maori hostelry and the Princess Hotel. The old unpainted Queen's Head Hotel is nearer the foreground and opposite the hostelry, while to the left, on ClaphaMcs fields, are the barracks. The Tinakore Stream emerged from near “Saint” Mary Street, crossed and re-crossed the road at various points, and finally left the street at Harriet Street. Another stream emerged from the rising ground opposite Hawkestone Street, crossed the road at George Street and meandered across the corner of Murphy and Molesworth Streets.
Tory Street,
Mr. H. Baillie, in his Early Reclamations, mentions that in February, 1863,
The residents, in 1863, on the west side of Tory Street were: J.
Town Belt Reserves.
Are on the Ahu-mai-rangi Heights. For some time persons resided on these reserves, the last to quit being a family residing about where the new Winter Show grounds are being prepared for occupancy, near John Street. The Almanac for 1866 contains the names, as resident, viz.: W. Bird, J. Brown, E.
Vivian Street,
When this street was surveyed, in 1841, it was given two names, viz., Ingestre Street, from the Terrace to Cuba Street. The residents living on the south side were Brevet-Major Lepper 14th Regt.,
The National Bank has a branch at the corner of Cuba Street, and the Church is represented by five edifices.
Vogeltown.
This suburb lies among the hills south from Brooklyn and west from Newtown, is reached from Brooklyn, etc. Named after
Wadestown.
Is approached by tram from Brandon's or Smith's corner, or from Karori by Wilton and Blackbridge Roads via Chaytor and Karori Road.
The suburb of Wadestown is set in the N.W. direction from the Government Buildings, and about twenty minutes walk from there. Ascending the hill from Grant Road, from the upper end of Molesworth Street, the traveller having ascended the road, his eye is regaled with a scene of almost unrivalled beauty. In the foreground the magnificent harbour, with its numerous bays, is seen to advantage, and the ever changing hues of the hills beyond are incomparable. To the left the Hutt and Petone townships, glittering with the beams of the sun by day and the twinkling lights by night, that, contrasted with the writhing coloured reflections of the harbour lights in the water, mingling at times with the rays of the moon, should satisfy the most captious artist seeking for inspiration.
In 1841, some land acquired by Messrs. Watt and Wade was divided into one acre and two acre lots. The proprietors constructed a dray road up the steep side of the hill, facing the harbour, which gave access to the sunny nooks and terracing flats on the N.W. slopes. “Johnny” Wade was already well known as the George Robins of the colony, and sold off many lots at the rate of £20 per acre. The purchasers were chiefly working men, who worked at their patches of ground after the day's toil was over. And Wade's Town soon boasted a population of 200 persons, whose near cottages and smiling cultivations peeped from every nook among the picturesque hills. The “N.Z. Journal,” 25/12/1841, mentions that a plan of the harbour was on sale at their London office, price 2/6. It was lithographed by Messrs. Jones and Bluett, who also lithographed
Mr. Llewllyn Smith, surveyor, compiled a plan of Wade's Town in January 1872 (Plan 50, L. & S.), on which the names appear against sections facing the streets, as follow:—Jas. White, H. Knowles, S. E. and C. Grimstone, in Elizabeth Street; S. Retter and H. Knowles, Pitt Street; George, Castlcreagh, Hope and Watt Streets and Pt. Porirua Road; Watt Street; R. Few and T. Buckland,
York Street; Kidbrook Street; T. Buckland and Baker Street; J. White, S. Retter, G. Cox, J. Woodward, and M. Leach, Wade Street; Messrs. Leach, Smith, Rhodes, Hartley, J. Wade, T. D. McManaway, Old Porirua Road; Native Reserve, 660, Park Street; Loxley and Fitzherbert, Kaiwharawhara Road.
Bishop's Almanac for 1883 states: “A few minutes walk from the city takes the traveller to the Grange. This was the residence of the
The Cyclopaedia, Vol. I., p. 807, mentions that the P. and T. Bureau was at
The present main road to Wadestown is not the original road, the latter was a much steeper grade.
Wainui-o-mata.
Is about 14 miles, via Hutt Road. The residents in 1866 were: J. and D. Dick, R. Sinclair, R.
Waiwhetu.
Approached by the Hutt-Petone Roads, was named after the stream (Star River) which flows under the eastern hills. There were, according to Grimstone, 90
Settlers on the south side in 1866 were: Messrs. Stightime (a pedlar), D.
In the Upper Waiwhetu were Messrs. J.
Wakefield Street, Te Aro Reclamation, 1886, extends from Mercer Street to Oriental Parade. The name commemorates the founder and the first Principal Agent of the New Zealand Company. Tronson's map, 1888, shows the proposed railway line from Lambton Station and the Te Aro Railway Station, in Wakefield Street. The station, still standing (1929), was built in 1893, and was closed after a few years use.
The “Dominion,” 3/2/1928, states: “In levelling the section opposite the Public Library (Farish and Wakefield Street corner), a row of about a dozen stout old totara piles has been revealed this week. The piles define a line seaward in a northeasterly direction, and are said to be the remainder of Mills' Wharf, which was about 100 yards to the westward of Bethune and Hunter's wharf. This wharf is shown in pictures of Wellington of 1858.”
Ward Island (Makaro).
Is named after John Ward, secretary to the New Zealand Company. The “Hope” vessel, bringing live stock from Sydney, got aground off Ward Island—a small yellow-coloured cliff island, lying on the eastern side of the channel, 2½ miles from Dorset Point. 200 native trees were planted on the island by the Scenic Board on the 15th August, 1926.
Waring Taylor Street, City, off Lambton and Customhouse Quay, by the State Fire Office and Police Headquarters back entrance, is named after
Waterloo Quay. Reclaimed land; extends from the Customs Offices to the new Thorndon reclamation, in course of construction. Coleridge's map of 1880 shows the railway offices res. before the building was erected, and from Bunny Street there are seven streets on the site of the railway yards, viz.,
Watts Peninsula.
Lieut. John Wood, author of “Twelve Months in Wellington,” arrived in the “Mandarin” on the 21st December, 1841, and a strong favourable wind soon carried them inside the heads of Port Nicholson. As the vessel shot up the harbour, a few cattle browsing on the lower slopes of a fern-clad hill were hailed as a favourable omen, and their hearts gladdened as they counted them over to each other. “These were evidently the cattle on Watts Peninsula,” he writes, “belonging to Mr. James Watt. At length, on rounding Point Halswell, the settlement came into view, and its picturesque appearance prolonged the cheerful impression which the last sight imparted.” (See Miramar).
Webb Street,
Wellington Terrace, Thorndon, extends from Bowen and Museum Streets to Abel Smith Street. Usually known as “The Terrace,” it received its name from its formation on the ridge of the hills above Lambton Quay.
Lieut. John Wood (“Twelve Months in Wellington,” 1841) mentions that he and a party of friends arrived 21st December, and went to live on a high ridge of land at the back of the harbour called Wellington Terrace. They pitched their tents there. Mr. Wood's tent was a failure, and stood only one night. The best tent was owned by Captain Sharp and Mr. Robinson. Next day he purchased a small wooden house upon the beach, and by the aid of a cradle and a train of bullocks, pulled it up to the top of the terrace. The first night they slept in it, it blew a gale from the south, and about midnight they were awakened by its rocking to and fro. Fearful of being precipitated down the hill, they were not slow in ballasting the house with heavy tree trunks.
Fitzgerald's map, 1843, shows the Kumutoto stream emerging from above the Victoria College site to Mount Street and flowing through the Terrace sections to the Kumutoto Pa, and from thence to the sea, at the corner of what is now Woodward Street.
A list of the original purchasers and subsequent owners, or claimants, of sections of one acre each, and situated on the Terrace and Lambton Quay, is shown as follows:—No. 162, H. F. Young; 187,
Woolcombe Street, the southern portion of what is now known as Wellington Terrace, was named Woolcombe Street, after a staunch supporter and a director of the New Zealand Company.
The name is wrongly spelt on the New Zealand Company's “True Copy of Plan attached to Crown Grants,” 27/1/1848, for it is written “Woodcombe” Street.
This plan shows the original sections and reserves, which are referred to on another page, and is signed by A. Domett, Colonial Secretary; W. Wakefield, principal agent to the N.Z. Company;
The original purchasers and subsequent owners or claimants were as follows:—No. 109, Native Reserve,
Dalmuir Hill and St. Ruadhan. A glance at the panoramic view of
Surrounded by an area of two acres of native bush, palm and fern trees, intermingled with trees grown from seeds brought out in the ship “Bengal Merchant” in 1840, and supplemented from time to time by flowering shrubs and trees, these old identities have bravely resisted the ravages of time and weather, and from their exalted position on the Terrace at the west end of Ghuznee Street, have watched the disintegration and final demolition of the contemporaneous buildings shown in Brees' picture. Great tree trunks, some partly covered by ivy and gorgeous creepers, standing in various parts of the garden, serve to act as monuments to Mr. Strang's attention and loving care.
Mr. Strang was solicitor and registrar of the First Scotch Church, Lambton Quay, and issued a public notice (the first issued in New Zealand) with reference to the
Romance and history are associated with the house.
The walls of Dalmuir are (1929) adorned with rare china, old silver, samplers, and portraits of the Maclean clan. The rooms, though small, were large enough for hospitable entertainment.
Some of the handsome old furniture, including a spinet made by Tomkinson, and which—like everything else—came out in the early ships, may still be seen, and are in keeping with the old-time surroundings.
St. Ruadhan, originally owned by Mr. Robert Stokes, but (1928) owned by
Seated in the depths of an easy chair, before a blazing log fire in the open fireplace in the study, one may see evidences of the discomfort of early days hanging on the walls. A large hurricane lantern that was carried by a lady (one of the Canterbury Pilgrims) over the Lyttelton bridle path to Christchurch in 1850, hangs side by side with a pair of rusty leg irons used by the convicts in Australia, and native spears of every description. Some notable historical pictures and early maps of Wellington have found a place there to enhance the valuable collection.
The houses stand back far enough from the road to ensure privacy and a quiet retreat from the ever-increasing noise of the traffic, and with their luxurious surroundings, constitute a great asset to Wellington, and a striking tribute to the owner's sentiment of patriotism.
Mr. Robert Park's sectional plan of the Wellington Terrace in 1861 (Fig. 170, p. 315), showing the cuttings and fillings, gives the names of the residents and owners, viz., reading from Kumutoto Street (Bowen Street) :—Hamley, Carter (Bolton Street), Foundry (Mills' J.
Wharepouri Street (See Fig. 174), New-town, extends from Russell Terrace to the Town Belt, and is named after the fighting Chief of Nga-Uranga. The name is wrongly spelt on Brees' map of 1843, “Warra Pori”; on map 1848, Waripori,” while the map of 1888 it is spelt “Waripourie.”
Whitaker Street,
Whitmore Street, City, off Lambton Quay, by the Magistrate's Court, extends to Customhouse Quay, and is named after Sir Geo. Whitmore.
An interesting plan of the Government Buildings Reserve, drawn by
Mr. Wm. Swainson's sketches of scenes on the Hutt river, between 1841–1849, including Neury (Molesworth Farm), Fort Richmond and Compton's Farm, and an oil painting of
Wilkinson Street, Oriental Bay, off Grass Street, via Oriental Parade, is named after Mr. D. Wilkinson, property owner and proprietor of Wilkinson's tea gardens that occupied the locality.
Willis Street, City and
In the early days a bush track had to be cut along Upper Willis Street, through the bush, where it is stated in Macmorran's Book on Schools, a young man was out pigeon-shooting not far from the Roman Catholic Cemetery, and, staying out till it was dark, was “bushed,” and spent the night in a gully. On the map of 1841, Willis Street commenced at sec. 205, the foreshore at the corner of old Customhouse Quay. The Almanac of 1863 contains the names of four businesses on the east side, and commences on the west side with the Union Bank (Albert Hotel).
The panoramic map of 1841 shows Wallace and Co's, and France's Stores, the Customhouse Quay, the Boulcott Street corner and The Terrace behind. Section 205 was the third choice allotted to the selector by ballot in England, and it fell to John Heath. The opposite corner (now Bronson's) was about the 50th choice, and Fitzgerald's (
The earthquake report of 1848 mentions that Mr. Catchpool's three-storied brick flour mill, Wilkinson's two-storied clay house, and Crowther's two-storied brick house in Willis Street suffered damage by the earthquake. A general view of
Two views of the site of the Old Identities' Hotel (Albert) 1851, once the Union Bank, with its lawn and the blue-gums at the corner of Boulcott and Manners Street, are shown in Figs. 159 and 161.
The residents in 1863 of the east side were: Messrs. E. W. Crease, “Advertiser” office,
Wilton Bush, Otari scenic reserve, formerly land owned by Messrs. Wilton and the late
Woodward Street, City, off Lambton Quay and Wellington Terrace, was old Kumototo stream originally, and when formed named after
The Kumutoto stream took its rise behind Victoria College and flowed through the sections on the Terrace. Glimpses of the verdant foliage of the native shrubs, tree ferns and willow trees may be seen near Kelburn Park from South Salamanca Road and the intersecting lanes from The Terrace.
The stream emerged from where the Club stands, and flowed into the sea by the Druids' Chambers site. Two friends of the writer—Messrs. A. B. Fitchett and J. A. Plimmer—well remember leaping over the stream when they were pupils of Mr. Toomath, whose school stood by the Aurora Terrace corner. Another school near the top of Woodward Street and on the Terrace was near the site of the late Captain Holliday's late dwelling. This school was conducted in a little cottage in 1845–46 by Mrs. George, who soon afterwards married
Grace's School stood the fire of 1842, but not the earthquake of 1848. The following description of Grace's School appeared in the report of a land case, Scott v. Grace, held before Mr. Justice H. S. Chapman, and published in the “N.Z. Journal,” 18/3/1846:—“Grace's premises were between high water mark and the west boundary between Kumutoto Creek and the next creek to the northward, and was within 200ft from high-water mark, and 400ft from Kumutoto Creek, measuring north. Wilson proved the value of the premises to be £25 per annum.” Mr. Hanson conducted the case for the plaintiff, and Mr. Brandon for the defendant. The witnesses were: Robert Park, surveyor;
Business places in the locality during the sixties were: Messrs.
Wordsworth Street, See Aro Street, Mr. J. Fitchett, smith and wheelwright, established a business here in the early sixties.
Worser Bay Road is approached by Karaka Bay Road and Marine Parade, via. Seatoun; named after
Tara, Tautoki and Whatonga erected a fortified village on the ridge above the spring of Tara. An interesting account of this spring appears in a lecture by Mr. Hector
Wright Street, Newtown, off Hargreaves Street and Westland Road, via Wallace Street, is named after
Young's Avenue, Te Aro, off Abel Smith Street; Section 111 is named after Sir Frederick Young, K.C.M.G. The Lister Hospital is on Sec. 113.
The source from whence the information for the following sketches was extracted, and where additional information may be obtained, is given in parenthesis under each item.
The reader is referred to “Men of Mark of New Zealand,” by Alfred Cox, 1886; “New Zealand Rulers and Statesmen, Vol. 1 (1840–1885) and Vol. 2 (1840–1897) by
A glance at the general index will indicate the pages wherein are references to the names of pioneers who are not mentioned in the biographical sketches.
Abraham, Right Rev. Charles John, was born at Sandhurst in 1815, educated at Eton and Cambridge, and after a time spent as Fellow of his College, he went back to Eton for some years as a master. He came to New Zealand in 1850 to join his life-long friend Bishop Selwyn, and under him was the head of St. John's College, in Auckland. He was made Archdeacon of Waitemata, and in 1850 married
Allom, T., whose bird's-eye view of Port Nicholson in 1840 (Fig. 12) appears in Chapter II. of this work, was an artist employed by the New Zealand Company. He exhibited some architectural designs at the Royal Academy, London, in 1848, and received the following encomium from the London Press:—“Not a few of our New Zealand friends, to whom Mr. Allom is well-known,” commented the “N.Z. Journal” of 3rd June, 1848, “not more by the exquisite illustrations of New Zealand, which he formerly produced, than from the constant exertions of himself and his family to promote the interests of N.Z. colonisation, will derive pleasure from the perusal of the high opinion expressed regarding his architectural works in the Press.”
Andersen,
Barraud, Chas. Decimus. arr. ship “Pilgrim,” 1849. First president Pharmacy Board, and president N.Z.A. Fine
Arts 1895, compiler of “N.Z. Graphic and Descriptions” 1877. (See Fig. 185.) (Cyclopedia N.Z., Vol. 1, p. 361.)
Barrett, Richard.—“How can I make you acquainted, for instance,” writes Mr. Partridge, “with
Bell,
Bell, Right Hon.
(For further particulars see “Who's Who in N.Z.,” p. 19.)
Best,
Bethune, Kenneth, arrived in the survey ship “Cuba” in 1840. Partner with Mr. George Hunter in establishing one of the oldest stock and station agencies in the colony. They were established at Lambton Quay in 1840, and in 1844
The old building, still in excellent preservation, and reminiscent of public meetings and business chatter, is the oldest building of its kind left in the business area, and a peep into a back room, with its walls lined with shelves stocked with Lloyds Registers, valuable maps and books dealing with events in the Victorian era, reveals a library in itself that would gladden the heart of any antiquarian.—It is worthy of a permanent fire proof building.
Bezar, Edwin (Sergeant-Major), was born in England 1838, was married in 1866 to Mary A., daughter of Sergt. T. Kearns, 65th Regiment; he joined the 1st Wiltshires, 1855; was transferred in March, 1856, to the 57th Regiment (Die-Hards); saw active service at the Crimea, Malta, Aden, etc.; landed in N.Z., 1861; participated in the Maori Wars. On 25th May, 1863, he captured
The writer, in a recent conversation with Mr. Bezar, who, despite his 90 years, has a good memory and has retained much of his vigour, elicited the following information from him :—
“The capture of
“I was always anxious to meet Hori, and after waiting for 45 years, I succeeded in meeting him in Molesworth Street, in this city, in 1908. I was pleased to meet him, as there was a certain mystery hanging over the terrible tragedy, which I was anxious to clear up, as we did not credit the statement made by the
man who escaped. We had never heard before that it was the Governor, Sir George Grey, and General Cameron, that they intended to ambush, but, fortunately for them, they did not go out to St. George's redoubt that day as the Maoris expected, but the party of ten from there left for New Plymouth, and they opened out on them. The General had been at St. George's redoubt a week before, and Hori was there with a bad hand. The General told Hori to go to Dr. Hope and get his hand attended to, and said: ‘Tell him I sent you.’ When the doctor was dressing the hand he remarked to Hori, ‘Surely you people are not going to fight, are you? Hori replied, ‘Yes, I think so.’ ‘It is very foolish of you,’ the doctor said. When all were down, and the Maoris rushed out to loot the bodies, Hori saw Dr. Hope's lifeless body on the beach, and then regretted having taken any part in the great tragedy.”
“The command of the advance guard referred to above was a ‘Forlorn Hope,’ for after our forced march of over a dozen miles, and reaching the party, which consisted of those who escaped, and Colonel Warre and a few others who had ridden
“Move on, Sergeant, but look out———”
“I never felt more sure than I did then that I was up against something warm, it would have been unwise to send forward a larger force, for the Maoris could have given them a very warm reception, and be quite safe themselves. I was pleased to see that they kept quiet—possibly they were quite satisfied with what they had already done. As we reached the scene of the disaster the first horror was the headless body of poor Lloyd, the others more or less knocked about. Poor Lloyds head was taken round the colony. Eventually it was recovered by Mr. C. Broughton and placed with the body in the cemetery at New Plymouth.”
“One of the heads was recovered in 1865, it was sent to Taranaki and mistakenly buried as Captain Lloyd's. Lloyd's head was passed round from hand to hand in the ‘Pai-marire’ ceremonies at the foot of the ‘Niu.’ It was described as that of a fair whiskered man with shaven chin, in the fashion of those days. The head had been thoroughly dried in the ‘Moko-mokai’ or ‘Pakipaki-upoko’ process. Its bearer was Matene, a tall man with long hair and flowing black beard.” (Cowan, Vol. II., p. 30.)
The 57th Regiment, First Middlesex, (the famous “Die-Hards,”) of Albuera glory (1811), under Major Logan, who was followed by Colonel (afterwards
Mr. Bezar informed the writer that Mrs. Bezar, who was born on the 15th Nov. 1846, on the ship “Java,” as she sailed into Auckland harbour, held the distinction of being the first white child in the Porirua district. Her father (Sergeant Kearns, of the 5th Regiment) was stationed there with a party of the regiment.
When she was a plump two-year-old, the Maoris thought to steal her, for what purpose can easily be guessed. This reached the ears of the officer commanding, and he sent mother and child under proper escort to Wellington for safety.
Some years ago, when
Mrs. Bezar was the mother of thirteen—seven sons and six daughters. There are five sons and four daughters living;
The photograph (Fig. 262) was taken in 1866, the year of Mr. and Mrs. Bezar's marriage.
Referring to photography. Mr. Bezar states: “I believe I am the only one in this city, and probably in the Dominion, who knew the man who produced the first photo in England—“
Bradey, Francis, born 1793; son of Franciscus Elezious Bradey, who married
Brandon, Alfred de Bathe, born 1810, arrived by the “London,” 1840. Was Provincial Councillor for Porirua district, and Provincial Solicitor, 1853; M.H.R., 1876–1881. (Fig. 249.) (Cyclopaedia N.Z., Vol. 1, p. 257.)
Brees, Samuel C., the second Surveyor-General to the N.Z. Company, arrived with a suite of “young gentlemen” engaged by the company for three years as surveying cadets. During the period that Mr. Brees was professionally engaged in New Zealand, and residing in Hawkestone Street, Wellington, he had numerous opportunities of witnessing the trials and difficulties of the colonists, and in some measure of participating in their hopes. His books of sketches, some of which were obtained under trying circumstances and up to his waist in water, sometimes after a strenuous day's work, have been a constant delight and a most valuable acquisition to the works of art presented to the beholder, and delineating the appearance of the colony before the age of photography.
Many of these sketches. The Survey Camp (Fig. 303), The Hutt, views of Wellington, etc., have been reproduced, by courtesy of Mr. R. H. Hunter, in the earliest chapters of this work.
He left New Zealand with reluctance, charmed with the country and climate, but grieved that this favourable field for the enterprising colonist and refuge for the industrious emigrant, should have failed in its early stage in commanding the consideration that was expected.
So many conflicting accounts of the country—more especially Port Nicholson—the heart of the Islands, having appeared, he regarded it in the light of a duty to lay the results of his experience before the public, together with his sketches of the country, which could be depended upon as faithful representations, and trusted to convey a correct idea, although slight, of the general character of New Zealand, and that his labour and expense would not be in vain.
He deemed that it would be a great satisfaction should his humble efforts be of any service to the colonists, or assist in clearing up some of the doubts and difficulties connected with the colony.
Mr. Brees, in the preface to his book of illustrations, acknowledges his obligations to the Court of the N.Z. Company for access to their official maps, and his best thanks to Mr. H. Melville, the
In his introductory remarks he states that the comparative failure of the N.Z. Company is to be attributed purely to its want of power. “Experience has clearly shown,” he writes, “that the offices and obligations originally undertaken by it were not capable of being fulfilled without the Government first delegating due authority to the company, conditionally and for a certain period.” And concludes with a prophecy, “that New Zealand, from its position, must ultimately become a great country, there can be no doubt, and the seat of numerous manufactories; being possessed of a vast amount of water power with a climate admirably adapted for the English constitution. The hills will soon be covered with sheep and cattle, and the valleys occupied by agricultural farms.”
An account of Mr. Brees' exhibition was published in the “Brighton Guardian,” Nov. 28th, 1949, and copied in the “N.Z. Journal,” 29th Dec. 1849. Following is an extract:—
“A panorama of New Zealand was opened at the Town Hall, November 27, 1849, by Mr. Brees, formerly the principal engineer and surveyor of the N.Z. Company. It comprised a large well-painted panorama devoted principally to Port Nicholson, the town of Wellington, and the Hutt district. It gave accurate views of the localities in that neighbourhood, the beauties of the country, the principal buildings, illustrating the way of life among the colonists, manners and superstitions of the natives, etc.”
The Panorama was also exhibited at No. 6, Leicester Square.
Mr. Brees offices were at 43 Lincoln's Inn Fields, London.
Buller, Rev. James, born in Cornwall, 1812, left England for New Zealand in 1835. In 1839 he was instructed by the Wesleyan Church Missionary Society to proceed to Port Nicholson, which involved a pedestrian expedition from Auckland of about 500 miles. There were no roads, rivers were unbridged, and native tracks often overgrown with bush undergrowth. On his arrival, in 1840, he
preached to about 180 newcomers on board the “Aurora.” Further references are made on another page, and on p. 89, “History of Methodism.” He wrote a book entitled “
Buller,
Bumby, Rev. J. H., who arrived at Wellington in 1839, is referred to in “Early Church History” on another page. Further particulars may be obtained in Morley's “History of Methodism,” p. 78, etc. (Fig. 228.)
Chapman, Mr. Justice Henry Samuel (Hapimane), was born in Surrey in 1803, educated in Kent, and entered the service of Esdaile's Bank. At the age of 20 he migrated to Canada and founded and edited the “Daily Advertiser,” the first daily paper published in the Dominion. He also established the “Courier” and the “Weekly Abstract,” was delegate of the Canadian House of Assembly, 1834, to advocate the granting of representative Government to Canada. In England was intimate friend of Cobden and John Stuart Mill, and assisted them alike on the platform and with his pen. He became keenly interested in
The “Australasian and N.Z. Gazette,” Nov. 1852, contains a report from which the following extract is given, regarding Mr. Justice Chapman:—
“The Hon. the Colonial Secretary of Van Dieman's Land, with his lady and family, left Wellington on Saturday in the “Mumford” for Hobart Town. There never was a public man in the colony who so much deserved and received the esteem of the settlers generally than our late judge. His latent impartiality and discretion were in every way worthy of the position he filled. An address was presented to him by the members of the Mechanics Institute, which, coming from a literary body, with which party politics are not allowed to enter, must have been very gratifying to him. The address, dated March 12th, 1852, was signed by 107 members of the Institute. His Honour's reply was addressed to Messrs.
Chapman, Martin, was born at Karori in 1846, and was the third son of Mr. Justice H. S. Chapman. He was called to the Bar of the Inner Temple in 1871. Returned to New Zealand, 1875; became editor N.Z. Law Reports, and secretary Law Procedure Committee, etc., 1882. (Fig. 258.) (Cyclopaedia of N.Z., Vol. I., p. 302.)
Chapman (Hon.)
Clifford, Sir Chas., Bart., K.C.M.G., was born in 1813; arrived Wellington, 1843. First Speaker, House of Representatives, 1854; Knight Bachelor, 1858, and Baronet of Flaxbourne, Marlborough, 1887. (Fig. 249.) (Cyclopaedia of N.Z., Vol. I., p. 112.)
Crawford,
Mr. Crawford's temporary camp in 1840 adjoined Mr. Moreing's tent, near the Wakefield's temporary quarters. He took a very active part in the early affairs of the settlement; was a member of the Wakefield Club, 1/10/1840; a promoter of the first Cattle Company in New Zealand, 8/12/40; convenor of the first flax preparation meeting, 4/1/1841. Gave evidence with regard to the sale of Wellington
lington, Dec. 1841 (“N.Z. Journal,” 18/1/1845). Resident in Dr. Evans's house on Golders Hill during the absence of Dr. Evans in England, 1846. Seconder of the resolution with reference to Governor Hobson's recall, 15/2/1841. One of the first Justices of the Peace, 1863. Was a member of the Geological Society of Edinburgh and Imperial and R.G. Society of Vienna, member of Legislative Council. President Wellington Philosophical Institute, and Governor of N.Z. Institute. Married a daughter of Admiral Dundas, and some time after her demise he married a daughter of
Daniell, Captain Edward (Fig. 207), was the sixth son of
The captain married a daughter of Captain E. Lawrence, R.N., and when Wakefield's colonisation scheme was mooted he used to meet his Cornish friends, amongst whom were Lord Vivian, Lord Petre, and Sir Wm. Molesworth. He held a commission in the 75th (Old Stirlingshire), now the 1st Gordon Highlanders, and was Adujutant when he left them and sold his commission (as they used to do in those days). He bought, by ballot in London, 1000 acres of land from the N.Z. Company for £1000, in 1839, and came to New Zealand with his family in 1840. Was a member of the Provisional Council of 1840 and took a very active part in the affairs of the settlement.
The “N.Z. Journal,” 1840, p. 302, in an extract from his letter to a friend in London, dated 23rd June, 1840, states:— “We hope to have possession of the town acres in about a month from this time. The site of the town is excellent, and nothing can surpass the excellence of the harbour. I think all the choices under 500 will be of excellent quality.… Much of the neighbourhood is hilly, with some
In this house, situated about the centre of what is now Abel Smith Street, Miss Daniell (Juliette), who later married Major Pollexfen Deane, was born in 1842. (The house was moved to The Terrace and was in occupation by Miss Noakes in 1901.)
The captain was unable to get his land when he first came out, but was granted later, 250 acres for every 100 acres bought in London, and received in all 2,500 acres. He also had first selection.
In 1845 the family went to live at Trelissick (called after the Cornwall estate), Ngaio, or Upper Kaiwharawhara.
It was afterwards found that Captain Daniell's bridle road might be continued into the locality of Porirua, so as to avoid some hundred feet of ascent over the first hill out of Port Nicholson by about a mile of circuit, and the company completed this line so as to admit the passage of a dray.
Messrs. Clifford and Vavasour's sections were half a mile beyond Captain Daniell's farm on the Porirua road. About 1849, Captain Daniell took up a block of land, a part of which is now the township of Bulls. This estate was bounded by Quarantine Road, the river at Flower's Mill to the Tutaenui Stream, and Manuka Bush—where Dr. Curle lived for many years, and the river flats, which were called by the Hammonds, when they bought the property, the “Lower Holm.”
A toe-toe whare of four rooms and a kitchen, was built for Mr. Verge, the manager, and many visitors, including Sir John Hall, passed a night there on their way to the coast. The captain went to England in 1855 and stayed some months. On his return to New Zealand he built Killimoon” at Rangitikei, and lived there till 1866, when he cut up a portion of the estate into the township called “Bulls,” after James Bull, who had a mill there. The remainder was sold to the Hammonds and Kilgours (Robert and James), Two of Captain Daniell's sons, Lawrence (died 1874) and
The old-fashioned house, and some of the shingled roof barns, or outhouses, are still in existence (1928), the latter bearing evidence of their age.
Domett,
Dorset, John (Dr.), served as captain in Civil War in Portugal; decorated 1st and 2nd Class Order of “Tower and
Sword,” and for distinguished services at Algaves, where he was the only surviving officer. Further references and references to his brother William are to be found elsewhere in this work, and Grimstone's book, p. 95. (Fig. 208.)
Durie, Major David Stark, served throughout the Civil War in Portugal, Siege of Oporto, wounded at the Heights of Antes 1833, again wounded at St. Sebastion 1836, where every third officer was either killed or wounded. Wounded again later on (October). Decorated 1st Class St. Ferdinand, was at storming of Fontarabia, etc. Fought against rebel natives in the southern districts. (Grimstone, p. 95.) Durie Hill, Whanganui,
Major Durie, writing to
“There has been a great difference of opinion whether the principal settlement is to be at Thorndon, or at the bottom of the bay, about seven miles distant. I have just heard that Colonel Wakefield has determined that the principal town is to be at Thorndon, and called Britannia. Blankets are the favourite articles here. They are now selling at 20/-to 25/-apiece. The natives have built me a very nice house of three rooms for about £4. It consists of a wooden frame of poles tied together with flax, and a wickerwork of reeds and the twigs of the tea tree. The roof is thatched with the same material, and altogether it makes a very comfortable dwelling. Dorset is quite well, and so is St. Hill.…”
Edwin, Commander Robert Atherton, R.N., son of
He instituted the Government meteorological service in Wellington in 1873. He retired from this post in 1909, and died in 1911. (Fig. 260.)
Further references may be seen in Gisborne's “New Zealand Rulers and Statesmen,” 1840–1897, p. 308.
Evans, Hon.
At present in the possession of Featherston, Issac Earl, M.D., fourth son of
Fitzgerald,
Fitzherbert, Sir William, C.M.G. (1872), K.C.M.G.,
Fox, Sir Wm., K.C.M.G., born 1812. Resident agent N.Z. Company at Nelson, 1843–1848; principal agent, N.Z. Company, 1848; a member of first Parliament, 1853; Premier, 1856; Colonial Secretary, 1863; Premier, 1869–1873; died, Auck., 1893. (Fig. 249.) (Cyc. N.Z., Vol. 1, p. 57.)
Hadfield, Right Rev. Octavius; born Isle of Wight, 1815. Arrived in New Zealand by H.M.S. “Pelorus,” 1838, and laboured in Otaki for many years. In 1843, after the slaughter of Captain Wakefield and others by
Appointed Archdeacon of Kapiti, with dwelling at Otaki, from 1839–1865, he stood to his post when the Hauhau fanaticism broke out, and the missionary,
Volkner, was murdered, declaring that he was ready to lay his bones where he had long laboured. He was appointed to succeed Bishop Abraham in October, 1870, and was Primate of New Zealand (in 1889) when he resigned in 1892. The following is from the pen of
Hamerton,
After the Maori wars he entered the Civil Service, and in 1871 was appointed Registrar of the Supreme Court in Wellington, and succeeded
Captain Hamerton was an enthusiastic volunteer, Freemason, accomplished musician, and a prominent member of St. Mark's Church, where he gratuitously presided at the organ (erected in the church in 1879) periodically for many years. He married Miss A. Parris, a daughter of Major Parris, Native Commissioner for Taranaki, and who arrived by the ship “Blenheim,” in 1842.
Mrs. Hamerton, who survives her husband, and who is now in her ninetieth year, is living at 26 Central Terrace (the site of MoxhaMcs farmhouse, which was the only house in the vicinity about thirty years ago). When MoxhaMcs farm was subdivided, Mr. A. Young built the first house, and Mr. Hamerton, the fourth, in Kelburn.
Harrison,
The latter was an original purchaser, by ballot in London, 1839, of sections 561, 686, 926 and 1035, Town of Wellington. Was clerk to the Provincial Council, 1856. (His photo appears amongst the members of the Provincial Council of 1861–1866.) A Justice of the Peace at Whanganui, 1863.
Heaphy, Major Charles, V.C. The only colonist on whom the Victoria Cross was conferred for gallantry during the Maori War trouble in New Zealand, was the son of
During the first ten or twelve years after his arrival, he employed his spare time in
He represented Parnell in the House of Representatives from 1869–1872. And died at Brisbane, Aug. 3, 1881. He was author of “Narrative of a Residence in Various Parts of N.Z.” (1842). (Fig. 266.) (Dict. of Australasian Biog., p. 223).
Hector, Sir James, M.D., K.C.M.G., F.R.S., born 1834, was Director of Geological Survey 1865. Director of the
Hunter, George, was the first Mayor of Wellington, 1842. He is referred to elsewhere in this work. (Fig. 242.)
Hunter, George. Born 1821, arrived with his father (the first Mayor of Wellington) in the “Duke of Roxburgh,” 1840. Was member Legislative Council till 1853; Parliament 1871–1879; member of the City Council, Chamber of Commerce, Wellington Club, Choral Society, and Jockey Club. (Fig. 188.) (Cyc. N.Z., Vol. I., pp. 263 and 287.)
Hunter, Robert, was the youngest of ten children of George Hunter, Esq., first Mayor of Wellington. He arrived in the “Duke of Roxburgh,” 1840, and became a member of the firm of Bethune and Hunter, Old Customhouse Street. (Fig. 190.)
Jerningham, F. W., of 3 Howford Buildings, Fenchurch, London, returned from visiting all the settlements in New Zealand, and established a general Agency business of all classes in connection with the Colony in 1846. (N.Z. Journal, 11/4/1846.)
Johnston, Mr. Justice Alex. James, was born 1820. Puisne Judge, N.Z., 1858. Resided in Wellington 1875. (Fig. 254.) (Cox's “Men of Mark,” p. 119.)
Kelham, James. Although Mr.
Mr. KelhaMcs name is on the “Burgess” list of 1843, addressed Mt. Albyn, occupation, gentleman. He was an accountant by profession in 1849, and first chairman of the Chamber of Commerce, 1856–1858. Died 1862 and buried at the Hutt cemetery. (Fig. 212.) For further references see index.
Love,
John (Jacky) Love married Chieftainess Mere Ruru Te Hukinua, and had two sons and one daughter. The eldest son, John Daniel Love, married
Again, on page 99:—“During our absence from
Macfarlane, Rev. John, arrived in the “Bengal Merchant” with
Maclean, Sir Donald, K.C.M.G., fourth son of the late John Maclean, of Kilmonaig, Tiree, Argylshire, and Margaret, daughter of the
The Wellington “Independent” (Oct. 23, 1847), in an article entitled “Coming events cast their shadows before” reports: “A letter from Kawana, nephew of
“The letter is short, but contains expressions of the deepest hostility to the Europeans.
“It is said that Kawana was induced to write the letter in consequence of a speech delivered to a large assemblage of natives in the North, to
In 1847 Mr. McLean secured land for the Government at Waitara.
The “N.Z. Spectator,” March 10th, 1849, refers to the purchase of the Manawatu and Rangitikei blocks thus:—“The Governor has no doubt been ably seconded in the execution of his plans by the exertions of those persons who have been entrusted with so difficult and delicate a commission; particularly by Mr. McLean, who appears to have considerable influence with the natives; and who has shown great sagacity and tact in the management of these difficult arrangements.”
He was appointed Resident Magistrate in 1850 for a native district. After a varied experience as Chief Commissioner of Land Purchases he was made Native Secretary in 1856. In 1866 he was charged by Mr. Weld, then Premier, with the task of reducing to order the hostile natives on the East Coast, and in 1869 was Native Minister and Minister for Colonial Defence. He succeeded in making peace in the Waikato with the King party. At this time the Colony was troubled by the outlaw
The Lyttelton “Times” of 2nd August, 1926, quoting from their issue of July 3rd, 1876 (fifty years ago), states:—
“
“‘Tawhiao, I have carefully weighed all your words at Waitomo. I remember, too, the words of your father, Potatau, about living at peace with the Europeans.
“If you follow his counsel in this matter, the Government will show you all the more consideration. We are agreeable for you to have full control over your people within your own district, and we are prepared to strengthen your hands in maintaining peace and order.”
Tawhiao.—“The people and the land are mine.”
The “New Zealand Times” of Monday, 8th January, 1877, commenting on Sir Donald's death states:—“The intelligence of
The service, with Masonic rites, was conducted by the Rev. Sidey, assisted by the Rev. D'Arcy Irvine.
An article entitled “Odds and Ends,” written by S. Saunders and published in the “Evening Post” of 11th August, 1928, refers to the author's meeting and shaking hands with
“Out of the innumerable perplexities, difficulties, and errors of the previous generation,” writes
A handsome monument in the Napier cemetery, and an imposing cairn at McLean Park, Napier, were erected to his memory by his family and Napier residents respectively. Donald McLean Street, Wellington, is honoured by his name. (N.Z. Rulers and Statesmen, Dictionary of Australasian Biography, p. 303, and Wilson's “Early Rangitikei.”)
MacLean,
Sir Douglas was for many years chairman of the Hawke's Bay County Council, member Hawke's Bay Agricultural and Pastoral Association, Education Board, Napier High School, North British Freezing Company, President H.B. Boxing and Wrestling Association, H.B. Navy League, and H.B. Highland Society, M.H.R. for Napier, 1896–1899. Lived in London during the war, 1914–18, was member of the Executive Committee of Walton Military Hospital, N.Z. War Contingent Association, Chairman N.Z. Soldiers' Hostel Committee, member of committee Royal Colonial Institute, and on the executive council of the Navy League, London. Returned to New Zealand after the war and resumed his activities in New Zealand. Since his return he has identified himself with other organisations in addition to those
Their only son, the late Captain MacLean, who went to France with the Main Body in 1914, served with the “Old Contemptibles,” and was severely wounded in action. He returned to New Zealand for a time, and then served his country in Ireland and India, but was invalided home. He never recovered from his war disabilities, and died at Napier shortly after the armistice. (See also “Who's Who in N.Z.” p. 162, and Cyclopaedia N.Z., etc.)
While this book was being printed, a Press Association message from Napier announced the death, at his residence, Napier Terrace, of
Commenting on the sad event, the “Hawke's Bay Tribune,” of the 8th February, 1929, writes:—
“People in every part of the Dominion, and many living overseas, will mourn with Napier in the loss of one of its most benevolent and highly esteemed citizens, who passed away on the afternoon of the 7th inst.”
A detailed account of his early life, his devotion to public service, his prominence in stock breeding, his work in England during the war period, his active interest in various societies, and his enthusiasm in various kinds of sport, appears in the same issue of the “Tribune.”
The “Hawke's Bay Herald,” of the 11th February, 1929, contains a lengthy account of the funeral, and a sincere tribute to Sir Douglas's memory.
The opening part of the funeral service was held at St. Paul's Church, Napier, which was taxed to its uttermost by an attendance representing all classes of the community.
Various speakers made feeling references at the ceremony, and a lady representative of the native race came forward, and, as a mark of the very high regard in which the late Sir Douglas had been held by the Maoris, placed a very fine Maori mat over the coffin, which was buried with it.
At the conclusion of the service, Pipers C. and
The pallbearers were farm employees from Sir Douglas's Maraekakaho station, who performed their last services to their “chief,” who was always referred to by them as the “Laird.”
Following is the translation of the inscription on one of the large number of beautiful wreaths accompanying the cortege, from the Maori War Veterans: “Depart old friend to your ancestors and people; the hearts of the old veterans are full of sorrow.”
Mantell,
Marks, Captain J. (Fig. 261), arrived by the schooner “Regina” in 1839. The “Regina” was wrecked at Moturoa, near New Plymouth, and the gallant captain made a landing in New Zealand after swimming from the Sugar Loafs to New Plymouth.
He was soon after appointed skipper of surf boats, and was for a period engaged in whaling and coastal service. When he was second pilot at Manakau he erected the flagstaff there, and was alongside the H.M.S. “Orpheus” when the “Orpheus” was wrecked on the bar. Later he was placed in charge of the “Maori,” the first revenue cutter.
In 1860 he was commander of the schooner “Caroline” gunboat. Was first exempt pilot for the whole of New Zealand.
In 1862 commanded the P.S. “Sandfly” gunboat in the East Coast campaign, and was at the battle of
The late Mrs. J. Pinfold of Karori South was a daughter of Captain and Mrs. Marks.
Marshall,
Mein-Smith, Captain R. N., was the first surveyor-general to the New Zealand
McKenzie,
The wooden houses referred to by Molesworth, F. A., was an original purchaser of several town and country sections by ballot in London, 1839, and arrived in New Zealand by the “Oriental” in 1840. He became one of the first agriculturists and pastoralists, and a partner of the firm of Betts, Hopper, Petre and Molesworth. Writing to a friend in London on the 8th May, 1840 (N.Z. Journal, 1840, p. 302), he states:—“This is in answer to yours of the 30th Oct., 1839.…… I am amusing myself with getting some wooden houses sawn out, which I intend to put up on my own town acres when I get them.
“The bank shelves off to 2 fathoms at 30 yards from low water mark, so that ships can lie close in with perfect security. There are at this moment 13 in the harbour. The natives (to whom it was said in England we were to have afforded a meal), seem now to be rather apprehensive of our turning the tables, and making a repast off their own beauteous bodies. They need, however, be under no apprehension, although there is a report at Sydney that we were starving.
“The Redcoats are already ordered off to Mana, where there has been some disturbance between the whites and natives. June 26th, 1840… Tell Mr. Woolcombe that the more settlement he can effect in New Zealand the better I shall like it, for we shall all help one another. The only thing I hall have to regret will be that the Cornish emigrants, will not be sent to Port Nicholson.”
The views of Mr. Molesworth's residence and the windmill on the river Hutt by Brees are shown on another page. Molesworth's mill was erected in the Hutt by Messrs.
This mill was known as the Newry Flour Mill and was run by Molesworth.
Molesworth, Sir William (Bart.), was a director of the New Zealand Company, a colonising statesman, reformer and founder of the “London Review” 1835. At one of his speeches in England he referred to his interest in New Zealand partly owing to the fact that his
The name of Molesworth is associated with Pencarrow, the family seat in Cornwall.
The writer was informed by
The parts were assembled and erected near the Basin Reserve. This monument is sometimes referred to as the Wakefield Memorial in Dufferin Street.
A tracing made on the 12th September, 1882, by
Park, Robert, was assistant surveyor to the New Zealand Company in 1840, and appointed town surveyor by the Council in 1842, with a salary of £50 per annum. (N.Z. Journal, 15/4/1843.) (Fig. 283.)
Mr. Robert Park, of Petone, is a grandson. Other relatives are Mrs. H. D. Bennett and Mrs. Hapi Love.
Powles,
Coming back to Wellington, he was made accountant in the Provincial Treasury, was Captain of the Wellington Rifle Volunteer Cadets 1868. Captain N.Z. Militia in 1870, appointed Provincial Teasurer (1871 to 1876), and Secretary to the Benevolent Institution, 1873–1878, Treasurer and Secretary of Wellington College Governors, and Registrar of Victoria University 1878–1905.
He was a member of the British Astronomical Association, the Synod of the Diocese of Wellington, a prominent Mason, and a keen member of St. John Ambulance Society. He received special thanks for distinguished services in the field of the Order of St. John of Jerusalem.
Richardson, James, born at Hastings, 1834, arrived by the ship “Arab” in 1841, and was educated at Finnimore's school. He went to Marton in 1866 and became Lieut. in the Rangitikei Rifles, and in 1892 a Borough councillor. (Fig. 194.)
Mr. Richardson had one son,
Knigge Avenue, Wellington, was named after the latter's father.
Rangitikei district held many early Wellington people, among whom were Bishop Hadfield, Sir Wm. Fox, Major Marshall, Colonel Gorton, Dr. Curle, Messrs. R. and M. Hammond, Galpin,
Richmond, Major Mathew, C.B., arr. 1840. Commissioned to examine and report on claims and grants of land in New Zealand. Chief Police Magistrate 1843; Superintendent Southern Div. New Zealand 1844;
Richmond,
Riddiford, Daniel, Emigration Agent, arrived in the “Adelaide,” 1840, bringing in sections the first house that was erected at Pipitea Point. Mrs. Riddiford used to write the despatches for the N.Z. Company. His son,
Stout, Right Hon. Sir Robert, P.C., K.C.M.G., D.C.L., Oxon.,
He was born at Lerwick, Shetland Isles, in 1844. Educated at the best school on the island, and at the age of 13 was installed as a pupil teacher. He landed at the age of 19, at New Zealand, in 1864, had passed examinations as a surveyor in Shetland, but followed the teaching profession as second master at the Dunedin Grammar School. Admitted as a barrister and solicitor in 1871. Elected a member of the Provincial Council of Otago 1872; Provincial Solicitor 1873; M.H.R. 1875; Attorney-General 1878; Member Land Board, Otago, 1882; Stout-Vogel Ministry 1884; K.C.M.G. 1886; Member for Mangahua 1893; represented Wellington City 1894–1898; Chief Justice and Administrator 1899; Chancellor of N.Z. University 1903–1922;
Referring to Sir Robert Stout at a prize-giving ceremony at Wellington College, the “Evening Post,” 16th December, 1925, published the remarks of
Strang, Robert Roger, was lay representative of the Church of Scotland in New Zealand, solicitor to the New Zealand Company 1840, and Deputy-Registrar in 1846. Mr. Strang is referred to elsewhere in this book. (Fig. 284.)
Swainson,
Swainson, Hon. William, was nominated in 1841 by
Taine, James John, was born on the 29th January, 1817, and baptised on the 16th March, 1817, in St. Giles Church, Cripplegate, London.
His attention being directed to this country by the public notices exhibited in London by the New Zealand Company, he sailed by the “Adelaide” on the 18th
Mr. Taine's business premises were on Lambton Quay (site of Scoullar's furniture warehouse), and his wharf was erected by the present site of the Royal Hotel. He resided at the Hutt, by the bridge site, on the east side of the river bank. His neighbour, Mr. Rush, who was massacred by the Maoris under Mamaku and Rangihaeata, lived on the opposite side of the river. At this time Mr. Taine, who was a member of the Militia, removed his wife and young family to Wellington, and lived at Thorndon Quay until the earthquake of 1855 badly damaged his house. He then removed to the house on Wellington
Prior to the gold discoveries in California and Australia he was a trustee of the Debenture Association. (Se Fig. 241.) It was owing to Mr. Taine's and
Tollemache, Hon. Algernon Gray, was a purchaser of about thirty-four of the original sections in the settlement and took the keenest interest in its affairs. A letter, written by one of the settlers to a brother in 1844 (published in the N.Z. Journal, 15/2/1845), describes the state of affairs in the settlement, and incidentally mentions Mr. Tollemache, viz., “There is much distress in the Colony on account of the non-settlement of the land claims—and a great deal through drink. I have no one to come and ask me for 3/6 per week, and no rent, or rates, or taxes, or church rates, for we have not at present got a church… Here we have so many barbers, tailors, ribbon weavers, button makers.… Please to tell
Mr. Tollemache came to Wellington and lived at the corner of Abel Smith and Willis Streets. He was instrumental in financing many a settler, thus enabling them to acquire property and enjoy the fruits of their industry.
Tollemache, Hon. Maria, sister to the Hon. Algernon, purchased sections 105, 312, 434 and 763; other members of the family, Hon. F. J. and Hon. C. C. were also original buyers. The Hon. Maria became the Marchioness of Ailesbury. (Fig. 217.)
Travers,
Viard, Right Rev. Dr. Philip, Catholic Bishop of Wellington. An address was presented to Bishop Viard by his congregation and friends on Sunday, May 12th, 1850. Mr. McManaway was in the chair, and assured him of their respect, loyalty and affection. (Fig. 235.) (A. and N.Z. Gazette, 1850, p. 58).
Von Tempsky, Major Gustavus F., of No. 2 Company Forest Rangers. 1863. An illustration elsewhere in the book shows the uniform of this famous company, of whose services a full description is recorded in
“…Von Tempsky was a master of the weapon, the use of which he had learnt in Spanish America in guerilla warfare. In instructing, he challenged any to stab him, and demonstrated his perfect ability to defend himself. The knife could also be thrown with such deadly effect, being so heavy, and useful for slashing a way through the supplejacks and other undergrowths in the trackless bush.” The “Wanganui Chronicle,” of the 4th January, 1929, mentions that Von Tempsky had for one of his orderlies, Mrs. N. Kettle, of Napier is a daughter of the late Major Von Tempsky.
Wallace, James, was a property owner at Thorndon in the early days, and resided with his wife, formerly Miss Wild, at the top of Bolton Street.
When the Government announced its intention of not proceeding with the Manawatu Railway Line (about 1880) Mr. Wallace and
Wallace,
Ward, Charles, the writer's father, was born at the Isle of Man, 1819; educated in England and Germany. Arrived, “Lord Wm. Bentick,” 1841. Joined Customs Department. Officer of Militia in Maori Wars, Pauatahanui engagement, and in charge of a squad that hanged a rebel Maori (1846). Chief Clerk and Customs, 1866. Lived at the corner of The Terrace and Ghuznee Street at that time, when the writer was born. Died at Christ-church, 1887, buried at Barbadoes Street Cemetery, Christchurch. (Fig. 192.)
Wi Tako Ngatata (The Hon.), of Wellington, a chief of Ngatiawa and Taranaki, succeeded Wharepouri as the chief Rangitira of the Ngatiawa about the year 1842. (Fig. 48, p. 155.)
The “Evening Post” of the 10th November, 1887, comments on his career thus:—“During the whole of his life he adhered strictly to the dying injunction of that celebrated fighting chief, Wharepouri, that his people (Taonga) were to live together in peace. On his own deathbed
“On the outbreak of hostilities in the
“After peace was declared the late Chief was appointed a Native Assessor, and in that capacity assisted
“In 1872 he was called to the Legislative Council, where, by his quiet and courtly demeanour, he soon won the respect of his fellow Councillors.
“The hon. gentleman, who was 86 years of age, had been twice married, and had two daughters and one son” (Mrs. H. D.
Photographs of some of the descendants of
The “N.Z. Times,” in its issue of the 21st November, 1887, states: “The funeral of the
“On arrival at Lower Hutt, the men were formed into line and marched to the Catholic Church, the Heretaunga Light Horse joining in on the way. Numbers of people arrived from Wellington by the ‘Dispatch,’ ‘Mana,’ and ‘Colleen.’
“Punctually at 3 p.m. the procession left the residence of the deceased Chief. The coffin, covered with the Union Jack, wreaths and flowers, was conveyed to the gun carriage by a number of his countrymen. The gun carriage was then drawn by a detachment of Petone Naval Artillery. Immediately following came the chief mourners, Wihapa (cousin), and his two grand-children (Wi Tako Kuru Love, and Hapi Love). Next came twenty native women decked with willows and other green stuff; they were followed by about 150 natives, representing Ngatirakawa, Ngatitoa, Ngatiawa, Ngatikahuahine and other tribes.
“The service was rendered by His Grace Archbishop Redwood, assisted by the Rev. Fathers Sauzeau, McNamara and Lane.
“About 50 members of Parliament took part in the procession which was preceded by the Garrison Band (29), under Bandmaster Cimino. Lieut. Davy was in charge of the Petone Navals. The volunteer forces assembled were: Kaiwhara (Kaiwharawhara) Rifles, 41 (Capt. Kohn); Thorndon Rifles, 31 (Capt. Williams); Te Aro Rifles, 42 (Capt. Marshall); Newtown Rifles, 330 (Capt. Collins); Wellington Rifles, 42 (Capt. Tegner); City Guards, 39 (Capt. Hamerton); City Rifles, 40 (Capt. Collins); D. Battery of Artillery, 26 (Sgt. Robinson); Heretaunga Light Horse. 20 (Capt. Scales); Wellington Naval Artillery, 47 (Lieut. Hislop). Following came a number of the officers already mentioned, Major Atkinson (Premier), and members of House of Representatives, including Sir Wm.
“Owing to some misunderstanding, the Permanent Militia, who subsequently formed the firing party, did not take part in the procession until the Hutt station was reached.
“The band played ‘Beethoven's Funeral March,’ ‘The Final Halt,’ and ‘Dead March in Saul.’
“The attendance of spectators was enormous, the road from the church to the cemetery being thronged with vehicles of all description, and pedestrians.
“It is estimated that there were between 4,000 and 5,000 persons present.” (Fig. 58 to 60.)
The inscription on the handsome Tombstone was much weather-worn and hard to read when the writer copied the following:—
“
The name of Taniora Mana Love, 1911, and others, is engraved on the stone.
Woodward, Jonas, arrived in the “Bolton,” 1840 (Brett's Historical N.Z.), and was for a time employed by Messrs. Bethune and Hunter as Accountant, etc His address, according to the Burgess Roll, 3843, was Hawkestone Street. In 1844 he moved a resolution that the cemetery site, situated between Bolton and Sydney Streets, should not be diverted from its original purpose; this was seconded by Dr. Knox. He was Actuary for the Bank Statements (5th July, 1847); was on the Committee, as Independent Minister, of the Evangelical Alliance in 1848; Treasurer to the Committee of Management of the Mechanics Institute and Building Society, 1847–1863; Choral Society, 1863; and P.M., Freemasons during the same period.
For further references see General Index. (Fig. 221.)
The original lay-cut of the City of Wellington made no provision for public parks, other than the Town Belt. In February, 1857, however, a petition was presented to the Provincial Council requesting that the site of the Canal and Ship's Basin at
Mention has been made of the old established offices of Bethune and Hunter and reference to the Index will direct the reader to further information.
A report of an early Auction Sale by this firm appeared in the “N.Z. Journal,” 25th December, 1841, viz.:—“100 wethers at 25/-to 27/-; 300 ewes at 21/-to 22/-; 6 heifers, £15 10s. to £16 10s.; 2 milking cows, £21 to £27; 8 working bullocks, £21 to £29; and 2 steers, £20.”
The “New Zealand Journal,” 2nd October, 1841, pp. 243 and 244 (
1839–40—Information relative to New Zealand, compiled for the use of Colonists by John Ward, Secretary to New Zealand Company.
1839–40—N.Z. Gazette and Wellington Spectator, the first number published in London, 1839, when the first Colony was on the point of departure. The second one issued from a tent on the beach at Pito-one, Port Nicholson, in April, 1840. (N.Z. Gazette and Britannia Spectator.)
1840—N.Z. Journal, edited by Mr. (Justice)
1843—Wellington Almanac.
1843—Twelve Months in Wellington, by Lieut. Wood.
1843—New Zealand Tales, by “Koane,” Chapter I. (N.Z. Journal, 29th April, 1843.)
1844—Wellington Independent.
1847—Grimstone's Southern Settlements of New Zealand.
1847—Brees' Pictorial. New Zealand edition de Luxe.
1849—Cook Strait Almanac.
1852—Cook Strait Almanac. Bissextile, or Leap Year number.
1863—Bull's Wellington Almanac, first year of publication.
1865—Evening Post, first and other numbers.
1866—Wellington Directory (New Zealand).
1871—New Zealand Hymnal, compiled under authority of General Synod of the Branch of the United Church of England and Ireland, in New Zealand Sessions, 1862–1868, by
1872—
1875—Life and Recollections of a New Zealand Colonist, C. R. Carter.
1877 and 1883—Bishop's Guide to Wellington.
1879—Travels in New Zealand,
1886—Manual of New Zealand, by
1886—Men of Mark in New Zealand, edited by Alfred Cox.
1889—Poems (The New World, etc.), Austral Mrs. J. G. (Lady) Wilson.
1890—Brett's Early History of New Zealand.
1892—Dictionary of Australasian Biography, P.
1893—Seventy Years of Life in the Victorian Era.
1896—History of New Zealand,
1897—Cyclopedia of New Zealand, Vol. I., McKee and Gamble.
1898—Colonization of New Zealand and Life of
1900—Weekly Press, illustrated booklet (Wellington Number).
1900—New Zealand Free Lance.
1903–04—Evening Post Christmas Numbers (Old Wellington).
1907—N.Z. Mail, Special Wellington Number.
1908—
1911—New Zealand, by the Hon. Sir Robert Stout and Mr. J. Logan Stout.
1911—An Old New Zealander, or
1912—Early Settlers Journal. Vol. I., No. 1.
1914—Historical Records of New Zealand,
1914—Early Rangitikei, by J. G. (Sir James) Wilson.
1919—Land of
1919—Year Book of the Wellington Harbour Board.
1920—Three Years with the New Zealanders (Wellington Batt.), by Lieut.
1921—Old Redoubts, Block-houses, etc., Elsdon Best.
1924—Early Reclamations, etc.,
1925—Who's Who in New Zealand, by
1925—Territory of Lands, Wellington Diocesan Synod.
1925—The Veteran (South African War).
1925—Land Legislation and Settlements in New Zealand,
1926—The Polynesian Society; Its Genesis, Objects and Achievements, by Elsdon Best.
1927—N.Z. Wesleyan Jubilee Index, Rev. J. T. Pinfold, D.D.
1928—City Year Books, published by the City Council.
1928—Notes of a Naturalist in Port Nicholson (The Nelsonian, January and July, 1928), by
Mr. R. Barton, in a letter published in the “N.Z. Journal,” 14th October, 1843, mentions the residences of Colonel Wakefield, Messrs. St. Hill, A. Hort, Guyton, Evans, Fox and Hunter as being amongst the best buildings during that period.
Brees' Pictorial New Zealand (1847), contains views of residences and public buildings erected between the years 1840 to 1847, viz.:—Plate 8 (No. 24), the Church of England Parsonage, occupied by the Rev. Robt. Cole. Plate 9 (No. 28), Mr. Brees' Cottage. Karori Road (Hawkestone Street). Mr. J. Wake-field's and Mr. de Bathe Brandon's.
Plate 10 (No. 30). Mr. Suisted's hotel (Barrett's). the Freemasons Hall above built by him, and the Medical Hall (Messrs. Dorset and Sutton's). Plate 11 (No. 34), Mr. Wicksteed's, Karori Road, Cadet's College for survey cadets of the New Zealand Company, and Mr. Hill's. Plate 13 (No. 40), Wesleyan Chapel,
The New Zealand Directory, compiled by Stevens and Bartholomew in 1866, gives the following information: “During the past twelve months, through the
In a book entitled “Seventy Years of Life in the Victorian Era,” by a Physician, and published in 1893, the author writes: “Taking a steamer from Lyttelton, and continuing our passage along the east coast for 175 miles further north, we reach Wellington, since 1864 the capital of New Zealand, in which we land on a fine, but dusty and windy day, characteristically windy, hence its nickname, ‘Windy Wellington.’ The large Government buildings, the House of Assembly, and even the Governor's palace, are so many shams. In the distance you exclaim, ‘what splendid freestone structures,’ and when you go up to them and tap them with a finger, you find that they are nothing but wooden erections, painted and rough cast with sand to represent stone: but they are very handsome, being ornamented with pillars having Corinthian capitals well carved, and elaborate cornices, and surmounted by towers or high spires. They are regarded by the citizens with great pride, and a wonder of the world as the largest buildings of wood in the universe. A Roman Catholic Church perched on a pinnacle of rock high above the town was enough to deceive anyone, but on going up to it, was found to be wood also, but sculptured with figures at great expense.… The town is confined to the space between the hills and the port, so that the people have been obliged to build their houses up the steep hills, and in the gullies, and on any flat available space, natural or artificial, that they could stick a building on.”
The return published in the City Year Book for 1928 shows the number of permits issued for the erection of buildings in Wellington City and Suburbs for five years from 1923–1927:—
The Gov. Gazette, dated 26th Oct., 1841, announces the setting apart of Reserves L and M for cemeteries (18 acres) and a church site lac. 4p. (opposite).
These are recorded on a plan of the City of Wellington signed by
Bishop Selwyn, viewing this plan, looked at Res. M and considered it inconvenient for a church site; it was appropriated to the Parsonage, and a site for the Episcopal Church was selected in the cemetery and approved by the Bishop.
In 1842, Governor Hobson adopted the plan of giving to each religious body a burial ground from the public land, proportioned to the number of its adherents as determined by the Government census.
On Tuesday, 26th Nov., 1844, a public meeting was held at Barrett's Hotel (Hotel Cecil site), to discuss the action of Governor Fitzroy in determining to appropriate a part of the ground originally destined to the burial of the dead and other purposes.
Mr. J. Woodward proposed and Dr. Knox seconded “that the cemetery situated between Bolton and Sydney Streets can not be diverted from the original purpose without doing violence to the rights of proprietors, and wounding the feelings of persons who have interred relatives or friends in that place.” The resolution was carried, and the
Other speakers at the meeting in Wellington were the Revds. S.
Reference is also made by Bishop Selwyn to sentiments expressed by nonconformists:—
“With the exception of a piece of land at Tearo (
“Of course I declined to accept such a site for the main church of the Southern Division. It was next proposed to build the church upon the burial ground allotted to the Church of England in 1842. The foundation was no sooner laid than the Dissenters protested against any appropriation of a burial ground to the Church. One half of the burial ground was allotted to the Church in October 1842, and enclosed at our expense, but we never refused the key of the ground to any who applied for it.
“The Dissenters availed themselves of the use of the fence, for which they had not paid, leaving their own ground unoccupied. When they had buried their dead for some time, by our permission, they then claimed the joint use of the ground, and have agitated the same question, to our great annoyance, up to the present time. The Church of Rome has kept possession, without opposition, of the burial ground marked out for its members in 1842, by the same authority, whose acts have been disputed in our case. If you hear of my intolerance and bigotry, I beg you to accept my assurance that I have never done an unkind act, or written an unfriendly word against any member of any other religious body.”
Referring to the conservation of tombs, and desecration of the cemetery, “The Independent,” of the 24th May, 1848, gives an article on the consecration of the cemetery.
The Hon. Robert Stokes, in the Legislative Council on the night of the 16th September, 1873, uttered these almost prophetic words:
“What guarantee had the relatives and friends for the conservation of the tombs and graves that they would not be desecrated? Was the care which the provincial and local authorities had shown in their management of the town of
“The Hon. Gentleman, in the course of his denunciation of those legislators of his day who, by means of the Wellington Burial Bill, sought to close the town's original cemetery, and, under the Public Reserves Act, wished to remove from office the existing trustees who had fenced it in, planted it with trees, and otherwise beautified it with walks.
“Bishop Selwyn consecrated the Anglican portion. Trustees were appointed, and a lodge for the Sexton was built” (on the hill near the Jewish portion). “The chapel, so much desecrated to-day, was removed to the cemetery. This mortuary chapel was Wellington's first Anglican Church, in which Bishop Selwyn and other notable early divines preached.”
The “Herald” continues: “Time and time again attention has been publicly drawn to the imminent danger of unsightly pinus insignis trees causing further destruction to grave plots and memorial stones in the cemetery. One originally beautiful memorial, consisting of twin Ionic columns, now almost in ruins, is worth recalling. In its issue of 27th April, 1874, the Wellington “Independent” wrote: ‘Saturday, 25th April, witnessed an event which has long been looked forward to by a portion of the community; the unveiling, with Masonic honours, of a monument, which has been erected by Captain Stafford, of the barque ‘Camille,’ over the last resting place of his late friend and sailing master, Captain Tucker, who was born 21st December, 1832, and died April 2nd, 1873.’”
The “Herald” further continues: “
Entering the cemetery by the Sydney Street gate, and proceeding up the main carriage way, one may read the inscriptions on the tombstones (excepting those that are weather-worn and others that serve as props to support the tenacious ivy which embraces them and obliterates the names) which are erected to the memories of some of the earliest settlers and persons mentioned in the preceding chapters in this book.
The old Chief of
Further to the right is a well preserved memorial with the following inscription: “Sacred to the memory of
The latter was the first lay representative of the Church of Scotland.
Immediately above this plot is the grave of Marion, only daughter of Robert and Marion Hart, and wife of the late Robert Park, of Wellington and Canterbury.
Beyond the Harts' plot may be seen the names of old identities—the Luxfords,
Proceeding further, one may see the names of other Wellingtonians—
On the other side are the memorials to the Wallaces, and adjoining these are two recumbent stones bearing the names of
The upright slab, which has been “rent asunder” on some previous occasion, and indifferently repaired, bears the name of the gallant
George Hunter, the first Mayor of Wellington, who died in 1843, and some of his family, occupy the adjoining plot. Quartermaster Paul, a near relative, lies nearby. Dr. Featherston's plot is also in the vicinity, as are also those associated with the names of Major Marshall, A. de Bathe Brandon, Robert Stokes, J. Earle, the Pharazyns, Monteith, and the Bannisters.
Near the bend—proceeding to the chapel—are the graves of
The pyramidal monuments erected to the memory of
The Early Settlers' Association, with
Through the courtesy of the City Council the writer was enabled to inspect the plan showing the proposed deviation on the corner mentioned above.
The names (kindly supplied by
A memorial stone, erected by his numerous friends as an affectionate tribute to his memory, marks the last (?) resting place of
A typed list of names, in alphabetical order, of persons interred in the area involved in the Council's first proposal, has been carefully compiled by Mr. Harlen, the custodian at the Karori Cemetery.
This list, the result of many hours research and night work, must have been an important factor in determining the Council's decision to abandon the first scheme.
The events recorded hereunder from 1839 to 1870, coincide with Chapters I. to XV.
The books and newspapers from which the following information was obtained may be seen at the
The list of Governors and Premiers is extracted from
The laying of the foundation stone of the Provincial Buildings, containing Council Chambers, Government and City Corporation offices was held on the 29th January, 1872. The Hon.
The trowel was made by Messrs. Shaw and Son, and the plate by
The christening of the new fire bell followed immediately after; the Superintendent, accompanied by Mrs. Dransfield, leading the way across the road. The piece of land in front of the Scotch church had been utilised as a place to erect a grandstand, to which ladies alone were admitted.
From the church to the outside of the Supreme Court buildings, a line of flags was run on the brow of the hill overlooking the scene, the Pagoda-like erection attached to the garden of Mr. Krull's residence, together with the new belfry itself were made equally gay to correspond with the scene below.
The Fire Brigade, under command of Captains Moss and Whiteford, were drawn up in the street fronting the church. The bell was constructed by Mr. E. W. Mill, and was named the “Great Bell of New Zealand” by Mr. Dransfield.
A luncheon was held at the Empire Hotel and a dinner at 3 p.m. at the Post Office Hotel. His Honour the Superintendent was present, and Messrs. Bunny, Nathan, Mills, Marchant, Duncan, Acheson, Tolley, and Major Paul sat on his right. Messrs. Hunter, Pearce,
Many speeches were delivered at the function.
Following is a list of the original members of the above society undertaking to negotiate for the appointment of a separate bishop for the Colony of New Zealand:—
The Earl of Devon; Lord Ashley, M.P.; Lord Courtenay; Viscount Sandon, M.P.; Hon. F. Baring, M.P.;
The members of the Committee comprised the following:—
Hon. Francis Baring, M.P.; Sir G. Sinclair, Bart., M.P.;
In 1839 two Wesleyan missionaries, Messrs. Bumby and Hobbs, arrived at Port Nicholson, in the course of a voyage round the island in search of suitable places at which to plant new
(Year Book, Wellington Harbour Board, 1919, p. 56.)
A Church of England service was held on the 22nd September, 1839. It was conducted on board the “Tory” when she was riding at anchor near Somes Island. Several canoes containing natives came off the shore and attended.
Divine service was also held on the “Aurora” on Sunday, 26th January, 1840, by the
On the 21st April, 1840, the barque “Bolton” arrived from England, bringing amongst its passengers the
The arrival of these clergymen, with their families, was hailed with delight by the members of the Church of England.
Previous to this time the religious duties had been performed by the Rev. Macfarlane, and all classes of Protestants expressed their gratitude to him for his unwearied exertions in executing the various duties required of him.
Mr. Butler resided at Pito-one, close to Colonel Wakefield's house near the beach, and became a great acquisition to society. He and his family were revered by the natives.
Mr. Churton established himself at Thorndon, where the passengers of the “Adelaide,” “Bolton,” and those who removed from Pito-one and the Hutt, served to form a fairly large congregation.
The building used as a church, police court, and post office, and referred to by
The Scotch Presbyterians met in the exchange,
Reference is made to the Manners Street Church site by
The first public announcement with reference to persons requiring the services of the
The New Zealand Journal, London, 27th November, 1841, refers to a public meeting in the Town Hall, Windsor, England, on the 17th November, at which the Mayor, Mr. John Bannister, presented a service of communion (plate of six pieces) to Bishop Selwyn on the eve of his departure for New Zealand.
A number of ecclesiastical appointments were gazetted prior to Bishop Selwyn's arrival. The Rev.
Bishop Selwyn arrived in the Government brig on the 12th August, 1842. He was greeted with a salute of guns as the brig entered Port Nicholson harbour. He landed at
A large sum of money had been collected in England and the Colony towards the erection of an Episcopalian Church at Wellington. The company subscribed freely towards the object, and the Bishop was asked to fix a site, and to direct the commencement of the building.
Reference has been made, in an article on the Sydney Street Cemetery, to the Bishop's difficulty in obtaining a suitable site for the Church of England.
The Roman Catholic Bishop of New Zealand, Monseigneur Pompalier, visited Wellington on Christmas Day, 1840, and performed High Mass.
The Rev. Father J. P. O'Reilly arrived in Wellington in 1842, and utilised an old store on the beach for some time in which to celebrate Mass. He secured a site for a church in Boulcott Street, and erected
The Congregational Church services were started by
This list of adherents and number of churches are taken from Grimstone's “Southern Settlements”:—Church of England, 1371 souls (
The Sydney Street Primitive Methodist Church was founded in 1847, Mr. Henry Green being the first resident minister. The original church was a sod one, which was shaken down by the 1848 earthquake. A weather-board building was erected, which lasted until 1858. This was replaced by another, which lasted until 1869, when a larger church was erected. This church was occupied in 1895 and later. A church was also built in Webb Street in 1868.
The Wellington “Spectator” of September 23, 1848, announced that the new church at
The clock in old St. Peter's Tower that for many years served as a town clock is still performing faithful service in the dual capacity of a town clock and service bell for the Anglican Church in Washington Avenue, Brooklyn.
During the year 1848 a meeting of citizens was held, which resulted in the formation of an Evangelical Alliance for the purpose of opening a depot for Bibles in Wellington. The Revs.
The Rev. R. Cole preached to two hundred and fifty persons at the opening ceremony of the Lower Hutt Church in 1849. The building, of wood, stood not far from the Hutt bridge, and was built by Mr. Hart Udy, from a design by Mr. Cridland (“N.Z. Journal,” 10/6/49).
The “Australian and New Zealand Gazette,” London, March 22, 1851, in its columns announced that: “The Catholic faithful of Port Nicholson will be glad to hear that the blessing of the first stone of St. Mary's Cathedral Church is fixed for Sunday, September 8, 1850. The ceremony will be announced by the ringing of the bell; at 2 o'clock the bishop and his clergy will proceed to the blessing of the foundation stone.”
On the 7th December, 1851, St. Mary's, the Roman Catholic Church at Thorndon was consecrated by the Bishop, attended by the priests. Of the acolytes, five were Maoris (one of them bore the train of the Bishop). A Maori hymn was sung by the natives, of whom there were about 80 converts to the Roman Catholic faith.—(“A. and N.Z. Gazette,” 15/5/52).
St. Mary's Hill Street. Wellington, was founded by the Very Rev. Father Petitjean in 1851. Bishop Viard, the first Bishop of Wellington, ministered to his flock until his death in 1872, and was succeeded by His Grace Archbishop Redwood in 1873.
The first church services at Karori were held in
A magazine, printed May, 1895, by St. John's Young Men's Bible Club, at
The Constitution of the Church of New Zealand was agreed to by a general conference of bishops, clergy and laity, which met at Auckland on the 19th of June, 1857. In 1858, Bishop Selwyn was, by Act of Parliament, authorised to convey lands held in trust by him to trustees to be appointed by the General Synod, and during the interval was engaged in the formation of the Bishoprics of Wellington, Nelson and Waiapu. The Ven. Archdeacon Abraham, D.D., of Waite-mata, who had gone to England for consecration as Bishop of Wellington, arrived in March, 1859, and entered on his duties.
The “Spectator” of March 10, 1859, announced that the first meeting of the General Synod of the United Church of England and Ireland, in New Zealand, took place at 5 p.m. on Tuesday, March 8, 1859. The Bishop of New Zealand and Bishops of Christchurch and Nelson were present, also Archdeacons W. Williams, Brown and Kissling; Revs. R. Burrows, S. Williams,
The foundation stone of St. Andrew's Church of Scotland, Lambton Quay, was laid on Monday, 25th June, 1866, by
St. Paul's, Mulgrave Street, took the place of the Old St. Paul's that stood on the site of the Governor's stables and guard room (Museum Street South). The Mulgrave Street Church was
The Makara Church was built about 1867, and the new church (St. Matthias) was consecrated on the 27th August, 1921. A descriptive article, with illustrations of the old and new churches, may be seen in the “Evening Post” of August 28, 1926.
The Jewish Synagogue, Wellington Terrace, was built early in 1870. The Rev. Mr. Van Staveren has been in charge of the Wellington community since 1877. —(“N.Z. Cyclopaedia,” p. 405, Vol. I.) (Demolished, see “Evening Post,” 19th December, 1928.)
Bishop Abraham, consecrated in 1859, resigned his See on the 1st June, 1870, and the
St. Mark's Church (Fig. 219) was consecrated on the 21st May, 1876, by the Right Rev.
A meeting was held at Bethune and Hunter's offices on June 22, 1874, when a new parochial district was inaugurated.
The inauguration of the United Methodist Free Church took place in Wellington in 1876. A large church was built in Courtenay Place in July, 1879, the
The Baptist Church, Vivian Street, was opened in 1895. The church was constituted at an assemblage in the Polytechnic Hall in Featherston Street on the 20th January, 1878, with a membership of 19, Mr. T. Harrington being minister during the first year of its operations.
The Salvation Army's operations in Wellington commenced in 1883.
Further details of the churches of Wellington may be obtained from the “Cyclopaedia of New Zealand,” Vol. I., pp. 382–407.
The report of a special session of the General Synod of the Church of England, to consider the proposal of the creation of a Maori Diocese, may be seen in the “Evening Post,” December 2, 1925, and reproductions from photos of the Anglican Bishops Sprott, West-Watson, Sadlier, Sedgwick, Molyneux and Archbishop Averill are shown in the “Evening Post” of the 7th August, 1926.
The Right Rev.
This society (formerly known as the Missions to Seamen) was established by the
Services for sailors and their friends are held in Whitmore Street every Sunday, and parlour concerts during the week. Many valuable pictures adorn the walls of the social hall, some of which are depicting the old wind-jammer type. A library, containing books written in the Victorian age to the present time, is much appreciated by sailor visitors in port, also an old piano, given mainly by the police some 25 years ago, as a mark of their appreciation of the decreased number of arrests on the wharves for stabbing and drunkenness since the establishment of the mission. A war memorial, and tablets commemorating the shipwrecks and lives of those that were lost at sea, are placed in the handsome little church upstairs. There is also a Sailors' Rest Society.—1928: President, Mr.
St. Peter's Mission, Taranaki Street, was founded in 1904 by the
Mission services were held, a Sunday School, Band of Hope and a lad's club were started, and efforts were made to provide some better influence for the children and young people who spent their time learning evil habits and foul language on the sordid streets surrounding the mission room. Later, a parishioner (his name is not mentioned in the little book “History of St. Peter's Mission,” published in 1921), of St. Peter's presented a brick mission hall, which was built in the very centre of Taranaki Street. Mr. Walton, after six months of strenuous pioneer work, resigned to take up work in Kilbirnie, and has since been ordained, and is now Vicar of Foxton.
During the war the mission was maintained by the staff of St. Peter's. In 1919 the
That fact alone constitutes a record of a spirit of indomitable courage and dogged perseverance of one living in discomfort, in constant pain—and latterly on crutches—the effect of war wounds and severe exposure to bitter weather received in a self-sacrificing effort to rescue a comrade under fire during the war of 1914–18.
These items are extracted from the City of Wellington Year Book 1927/8 by courtesy of His Worship the Mayor.
CITY ARMS. Description of the City Arms.Quarterly 1st Azure out of a ducal Crown or a demi-lion rampant gules holding in the paws a forked pennon flowing to the sinister, charged with the cross of St. George the ends Gules (crest of the Duke of Wellington.)
2nd Argent—A galley with sails furled and oars and pennons sable (the commerce of the City).
3rd Gules—A garb (a wheat or wheat sheaf) proper (the agricultural interests).
4th Azure—A golden fleece proper cintured gules (the pastoral interests).
Crest Mural Crown or surmounted by a dolphin embowed azure (supremacy by naval position.)
Mantle, Azure and Gules. Supporters. Dexter. The British Lion. Sinister a Moa but proper. Motto “Suprema a Situ” (supreme by position). Under the motto “1840” (date of the foundation of the City and Colony.
Brevities Concerning the City of Wellington.It is the Seat of Government.
It was the First Borough in New Zealand.
Situated on the shores of Cook Strait, between North and South Islands, it is the great commercial distributing centre of the Dominion.
It has the most equable climate of any City in New Zealand. Highest recorded temperature in shade 88 deg. F.; lowest recorded temperature in shade 29.2 deg. F.; approximate mean yearly temperature in shade 55 deg. F.; and mean annual rainfall 49.09 inches.
The scenery surrounding the City is most picturesque, embracing views of snow-clad Tararuas in the North and frequently of white-peaked Kaikouras in the South Island.
It established the first Municipally controlled Zoo in Australasia.
It has the longest (28 miles) seashore roadway in Australasia.
It is one of the best drained cities in Australasia; and has a most comprehensive water scheme, having four large reservoirs and eleven service reservoirs.
Its main Streets are wood paved; continuous length 3 1/2 miles.
It was the first City in New Zealand to install electricity for street lighting and for general household lighting and heating, and probably has a larger number of private residences supplied with electric light and heat than any other City in Australasia of the same number of population.
It was the first municipality in Australasia to adopt superannuation for its employees.
It has established the First Municipally controlled Milk Supply undertaking in the World, combining therewith Ice Making and Cool Storage.
It has the best wharf accommodation in Australasia.
It has a well equipped Municipal Electrical Tram Service.
It established the first Crematorium in New Zealand.
It is the terminal point of the East and West Coast Railway lines.
It has the largest Government Printing Establishment south of the Line.
It is the only City in New Zealand owning a seaside resort (Day's Bay) for its citizens, outside its own boundaries.
Values, Etc., of Greater Wellington, at 31st March, 1927.
|
Capital Value …. …. | £33.862,980 | |
Unimproved Value …. | £14,898,300 | |
Value of Improvements …. | £18,964,680 | |
Area …. …. …. …. | 15,951 acres | |
Area of Reserves …. …. | 1,613 acres | |
Number of Buildings in City | 26,037 | |
Population …. …. …. | 101,180 | |
Length of Streets …. …. | 244 ¼ miles | |
Number of Electors on Municipal Roll (election 1927) …. …. …. | 42,903 | |
Area of Greater Wellington | 24 ½ sq. miles |
Situation, Early History, Population, Etc.Wellington is the capital City of the Dominion, and the seat of Government. It is situated on the Southern shore of Port Nicholson, and its southern limits are washed by the waters of Cook Strait. Including the whole metropolitan area the population numbers 126,310.
For about 16 months (1841–2) Wellington was a Borough, the first in New Zealand; it was then altered to a Town Board, which was finally abolished in 1870, and the City reconstituted a Borough with three wards—Thorndon, Lambton and
Te Aro . In 1877,Te Aro was divided into two wards—the fourth being named Cook. The four wards wereretained until the 29th March. 1901, when they were abolished, and the City became one undivided Borough.
Description of the Mayoral Chain.The Mayoral Chain and pendant was presented to the City by Mrs. S. A. Rhodes in 1901, the makers being Messrs. Elkington, London. Links were donated to commemorate the term of office of the following gentlemen as Mayors of the City:—
Mr. G. Hunter, 1841.
Mr. W. S. Moorhouse , 1875.
Mr. J. R. Blair , 1898–9.
Mr. J. G. W. Aitken , 1901–2.The Central medallion is in the form of the City's Coat of Arms, worked in enamel with the addition of a sword and mace, the whole ornamented with jewels.
On the amalgamation of the Borough of Melrose with the City the Mayoral Chain of the Melrose Borough was formed into an additional pendant.
The links of the chain are in locket form, the foundation being of gold with a centre of blue enamel encircled in an oval of pearls. The initials and year of office of each of the Mayors who contributed links being engraved in the centre.
Mayors of the City of Wellington. List of Mayors, 1842–1927.
George Hunter—1842.
William Guyton —1843.During the period 1843 to 1870, Wellington was a Town Board.
Joseph Dransfield —1870 to 1873.
C. B. Borlase —1874.
William Serfton Moorhouse —1875.
William Hutchison —1876 to 1877.
Joseph Dransfield —1878 to 9th May, 1879.
George Allen —9th to 29th May, 1879.
William Hutchison —remainder of year 1879.
William Hutchison —1880 to 1881.
George Fisher —1882 to 1885.Arthur Winton Brown—1886.
Samuel Brown—1887 to 1888.
John Duthie —1889.
Charles John Johnston —1890.Arthur Winton Brown—1891.
Francis Henry Dillon Bell—1892 to 1893.
Alfred de Bathe Brandon—1894.
Charles Manley Luke —1895.
George Fisher —1896.Francis Henry Dillon Bell—1897.
John Rutherford Blair —1898 to 1899.
John Guthrie Wood Aitken —1900 to 1904.
Hon. Thomas Wm . Hislop—1905 to 1908.
Alfred Kingcombe Newman , M.D—1909.
Thomas Mason Wilford , M.P.—1910 to 1911. Councillor John Smith was Acting-Mayor for six months during Mr. Wilford's absence on sick leave in 1911.
David McLaren —1912.
John Pearce Luke —1913 to 1921, C.M.G. (1917), elected M.P. (1918), Knighted (1921).
Robert Alexander Wright , Hon., M.P.—1921 to 1925.
Charles John Boyd Norwood —1925 to 1927.
George Alexander Troup , 1927–1929.
Past and Present Councillors. List of Councillors, 1842–1927.
Allan, J. A.—March 1877 to September 1878.
Allen, Geo.—Sept. 1876 to Sept. 1883, and from April 1887 to Sept. 1889.
Anderson, Geo.—Sept. 1889 to April 1901.
Appleton, W.—Late Onslow Borough, April only 1919.
Aston, J.—April, 1923.
Atkinson, A. R. —April 1909 to April 1921.Ballinger, Thos.—April 1905 to April 1911.
Bannatyne, W. M. —Sept. 1871 to May 1873 (resigned).Barber, W. H. P.—Sept. 1891 to April 1905, and 8th Sept. 1910 to April 1919.
Barnett, E. J. —(from Miramar) February 1921 to April 1921.Bennett, H. D.—April 1921.
Bennett, W. H.—April 1915.
Benzoni, C. T. —Sept. 1885 to April 1887 (resigned).
Biss, A. S. —April 1905 to April 1909.
Borlase, C. B. —Sept. 1870 to Dec. 1874 (resigned).Brandon, A. de B.—Sept. 1886 to Jan. 1891 (resigned).
Brown, A. W.—Sept. 1881 to Dec. 1885 (elected Mayor), also Sept. 1888 to Dec. 1890 (elected Mayor).
Brown, John—(late Melrose B.C.) April (only) 1903.
Brown, S.—Sept. 1879 to Sept. 1885.
Buckley, P.—July 1871 to Sept. 1873.
Buddle, H.—April 1913 to April 1915.
Burn, B. G. H.—April 1920.
Burns, J.—April 1920.
Burrett, R.—May 1873 to Feb. 1875 (resigned).
Bush, T.—April 1915 to April 1917.
Cameron, R. A. , M.D.—April 1911 to April 1913.Carmichael, Thos.—April 1905 to April 1911.
Carpenter, R. H.—Sept. 1870 to Sept. 1871.
Castle, J.—April 1917 to April 1919.
Caughley, J.—April 1927.
Chapman, C. H.—April 1919 to April 1925.
Chapman, M.—Sept. 1888 to Sept. 1890.
Cleland, J. M. —Feb. 1875 to Sept. 1877.Clere, F. de J.—Dec. 1890 to Sept. 1891.
Cohen, F.—August 1904 to April 1913.
Coombe, John —Dec. 1885 to Sept. 1888.Crawford, H. D.—(late Melrose B.C.) April (only) 1903.
Dale, J. M.—April 1919 to April 1923.
Danks, S.—Oct. 1879 to Sept. 1888.
Devine, J. J. —Dec. 1893 to Sept. 1899, April 1901 to April 1905, and elected again April 1909 to 16th August 1910 (died).Diver, H. W. Dr.—Oct. 1877 to Sept. 1883.
Dixon, Edward —March 1877 to Sept. 1879.Dransfield, J.—Sept. 1874 to March 1877 (resigned).
Edwards, J. C. —Sept. 1885 to Sept. 1888.
Evans, W. A. Rev .—Sept. 1900 to April 1905.
Fisher, F. M. B. —April 1907 to April 1909.Fisher, Geo.—Sept. 1877 to July 1881 (resigned).
Fitzgerald, W.—Sept. 1883 to Sept. 1886.
Fitzgerald, J. E. —April 1909 to April 1919.Fletcher, R.—April 1907 to April 1915.
Forsyth, T.—April 1919 to April 1925.
Fraser, F. H. —Sept. 1888 to Sept. 1900.
Fraser, Peter —April 1919 to April 1923.Frost, G.—April 1903 to April 1907, again elected April 1909 to August 1920 (died).
Fulford, A. H. —(late Melrose B.C.) April (only) 1903.Fuller, J., Junr.—April 1911 to April 1917.
Gardner, J. C. —(late Onslow B.C.) April (only) 1919.
Gaudin, W. J. —September 1920 to April 1925, April 1927.
George, J. R. —Sept. 1874 to Sept. 1878.
Gibbs, A. E. —April 1905 to April 1906.
Gillon, E. T. —Jan. 1875 to Sept. 1876.Glover, J.—April 1919 to 1921, July 1926 to April 1927.
Godber, J.—April 1901 to April 1909, and April 1911 to April 1919.
Greenfield, R.—Jan. 1874 to Sept. 1883.
Hales, W. H. —April 1907 to Sept. 1909.
Harcourt, J. B. —Oct. 1889 to Sept. 1899.
Harris, L. L. —Sept. 1888 to Sept. 1896 (resigned).
Heaton, J. H. —Sept. 1887 to Sept. 1889.
Heginbotham, J. A. —(late Melrose B.C.) April (only) 1903.
Henderson, J. W. —April 1920 to April 1921 from Karori.Higginbottom, W.—Sept. 1895 to Sept. 1898.
Hildreth, W. T. —April 1915 to April 1919.
Hindmarsh, A. H. —April 1905 to April 1915.Hislop, T. C. A.—April 1913 to April 1915, April 1927.
Huggins, H. A.—April 1925.
Hunter, Geo.—Sept. 1877 to Sept. 1879.
Hutcheson, J.—April 1915 to April 1917.
Hutchison, J.—April 1919 to April 1921.
Izard, C. H.—Sept. 1898 to April 1907.
Jacobson, J. A. —(late Melrose B.C.) April (only) 1903.Jennings, F.—(late Melrose B.C.) April (only) 1903.
Jorgenson, A. G. —April 1903 to April 1905.Keene, R.—April 1903 to April 1905.
Krull, F. A. —Sept. 1871 to Sept. 1874.Levoi, R.—April 1894 to Sept. 1894.
Lindsay, A.—Sept. 1896 to Sept. 1898.
Lingard, W.—Sept. 1896 to Sept. 1899.
Logan, H. F. —Sept. 1877 to Sept. 1883.
Luckie, M. M. F. —April 1913.Luke. J. P.—Sept. 1898 to April 1905, and 1st Sept. 1905 to April 1911. (Mayor: 1913–21).
McGill, W.—Sept. 1896 to April 1901.
McKeen, R.—April 1925.
McKenzie, T. W. —Sept. 1881 to Sept. 1887.
McKenzie, L. S. —April 1911 to April 1923.McKirdy, C.—Sept. 1873 to Jan. 1875 (resigned).
McLaren, D.—April 1901 to April 1912. Mayor 1912–13.)
McVicar, Annie —(from Miramar B.C. February 1921) re-elected April 1921 to April 1925.
McVilley, R. W. —April 1927.
Macdonald, T. K. —Sept. 1877 to Sept. 1878.Maginity, J.—Sept. 1877 to Sept. 1884.
Manton, F. W. —April 1925, April 1927.Meadowcroft, F.—April 1923.
Miller, R.—Sept. 1878 to Sept. 1881, and Sept. 1882 to Sept. 1885.
Miller, W.—Sept. 1870 to Sept. 1872.
Mills, E. W.—Sept. 1870 to Oct. 1877 (resigned).
Mitchell, G.—April 1923 to April 1925. April 1927.
Moeller, F.—Sept. 1880 to Jan. 1892 (resigned).
Moeller, P.—Sept. 1876 to March 1877 (resigned).
Monteith, A. L. —April 1923, June 1926 (resigned).
Morpeth, C. D. —1928–9.
Morrah, W. H. —April 1905 to April 1911.Moss, L.—Sept. 1870 to Oct. 1880 (resigned).
Muir, W. M. —Sept. 1888 to Sept. 1889.Murdoch, M.—Sept. 1899 to April 1909.
Myers, J.—Sept. 1894 to Jan. 1899.
Nathan, D. J. —April 1901 to July 1904 (resigned).
Newman, A. K. , M.D.—July 1881 to Sept. 1885. (Mayor: 1909–10.)
Nicol, Wm .—(late Melrose B.C.) April (only) 1903.
Norwood, C. J. B. —April 1917 to April 1923. (Mayor: 1925–27.)Parsons, W. F.—Sept. 1890 to Sept. 1893.
Parton, Alex , Walter—July 1922 to April 1925.
Paul, James —Sept. 1872 to Jan. 1874 (resigned).Penty, F.—Sept. 1892 to Sept. 1895.
Petherick, J.—Sept. 1883 to Sept. 1888, and Sept. 1889 to May 1895 (died).
Pharazyn, R.—June 1875 to Sept. 1876
Plimmer, John —Sept. 1870 to July 1871 (resigned)Quick, W. H.—Sept. 1884 to Sept. 1887.
Quin, W.—Sept. 1870 to Sept. 1871.
Rainie, D.—Sept. 1870 to Sept. 1877.
Reid, J.—(late Melrose B.C.) April (only) 1903.
Richardson, J. M. —Sept. 1883 to Sept. 1888.Seed, W.—Sept. 1888 to Oct. 1889 (resigned).
Semple, R.—April 1825.
Shirtcliffe, Geo.—April 1907 to April 1913.
Shorland, J. O. —April 1917 to April 1921.
Smith, John —Sept. 1885 to Sept. 1893, June 1895 to April 1905, and April 1906 to April 1913.Stafford, E.—Sept. 1879 to Sept. 1882.
Stone, S. M.—(from Miramar B.C.) February to April 1921.
Tanner, C. W.—Sept. 1893 to Sept. 1896.
Tatum, C. T. —Aug. 1892 to Sept. 1892, and Sept. 1893 to Sept. 1896.
Thompson, J. S. M. —Sept. 1878 to Sept. 1884.
Thompson, W. J. —Sept. 1910 to April 1911, re-elected April 1913 to April 1927.
Tolhurst, R. M. —Feb. 1899 to April 1903.Townsend, F.—Sept. 1899 to April 1901.
Tregear, Edward —April 1912 to April 1915.
Trevor, James —April 1905 to April 1907, again elected April 1909 to April 1913.
Troup, G. A. —April 1925 to April 1927. (Mayor 1927.)Turnbull, T.—Jan. 1891 to April 1891.
Underwood, S. H. —April 1921 to June 1922 (died).Veitch, A.—April 1915 to April 1919.
Vogel, H. B. —April 1891 to April 1894 (resigned).White, H. J.—Jan. 1892 to Sept. 1893.
Willeston, C. E. W. —Sept. 1888 to April 1901.
Williams, H. J. —Sept. 1884 to Sept. 1889.Wilson, A.—Sept. 1883 to Sept. 1886.
Wiltshire, Geo.—April 1903 to 10th Aug. 1905 (died).
Winder, Geo.—Sept. 1899 to April 1907.
Worth, C. F.—Sept. 1889 to July 1892 (resigned) and Sept. 1893 to Dec. 1893 (resigned).
Wright, R. A. —April 1913 to April 1921. (Mayor 1921 to 1925.) Re-elected Councillor April 1925 to April 1927.Young, A.—Sept. 1878 to Sept. 1881, and Sept. 1887 to Sept. 1888.
Young, J.—Sept. 1887 to Sept. 1888.
Mayor.
George Alexander Troup , Esq. Address: Raroa Road, Kelburn. Was re-elected Mayor in 1929.The election of Mayor takes place on the last Wednesday in April, and the Mayor takes office on the first Wednesday in May, for a period of two years. Any person qualified to be a Councillor is eligible for the office of Mayor. The Mayor is a Councillor by virtue of his office. The Mayor may resign his office by writing, delivered to the Town Clerk. In case of absence or illness on the part of a Mayor, a Deputy-Mayor may be appointed. The Mayor is a Justice of the Peace by virtue of his office.
Election of Councillors.Any person whose name is on the District Electors' Roll is eligible for election as Mayor or Councillor. Councillors take office on the declaration of the Poll. If a Councillor be elected Mayor, his office as an elected Councillor becomes vacant. Councillors may resign their office by writing, delivered to the Mayor or Town Clerk.
See “Dominion,” 3/5/1929, for illustrations and names of Councillors elected in 1929 (15 in number).
Consular Representatives of Foreign Nations Resident in Wellington.
Argentine.—Humberto Bidone , Consul-General, Baldwin and Rayward, Lambton Quay, Wellington; E. S. Baldwin, Vice-Consul.
Belgium.—Armand Nihotte , Consul, Dominion Fanners' Building.
Brazil.—George Robertson , Acting Vice-Consul, Lambton Quay.
Chili.—Hubert L. Nathan , Hon. Consul, New Zealand Welfare League.
China.—Li Kwang Heng , Consul, Chinese Consulate, 10 Grass Street.
Czecho Slovakia.—Hon. Consul, E. J. Hymans, careE. J. Hymans , Ltd., 120 Wakefield Street, Wellington.
Denmark.—S. A. Longuet , Consul, care A. S. Paterson and Co., Ltd., Wellington.
France.—O. R. Bendall , Consular Agent, Royal Exchange Assurance Buildings, Wellington.
Germany.—W. Penseler, Hon. Consul, Huddard Parker Buildings, Wellington.
Greece.—J. F. Dyer , Vice-Consul, Levin and Co., Ltd.
Italy.—Michele Blunno , Consul, Leinster Chambers, Grey Street, Wellington.
Japan.—A. Young, Hon. Consul, care T. and W. Young, Customhouse Quay, Wellington.
Liberia.—Dr. Arnold W. Izard , Consul, Wellington.
Netherlands.—W. G. Johnston , Consul, Johnston and Co., Ltd.
Norway.—A. W. Newton, Consul, 62 Bowen Street, Wellington.
Portugal.—A. D. S. Duncan, Vice-Consul, Levin and Co., Ltd.
Paraguay.—A. E. Kernot , Consul, A. E. Kernot and Co.
Spain.—Cheviot W. Dillon Bell, Hon. Vice-Consul, Bell, Gully, Mackenzie and O'Leary, Solicitors, Wellington.
Sweden.—J. T. Martin, Consul, P.O. Box 1520, Wellington.
U.S. of America.—Will L. Lowrie, Consul-General, Woodward Street, Wellington.
H.M. Trade Commissioner.—L. B. Beale , 11 Grey Street, Wellington.
City Observatory and Telescope.The Wellington City Council recently purchased from the Seminary of St. Mary's,
Meeanee, Napier , New Zealand, a 9in. Cooke Photovisual Equatorial Telescope, fitted with a Grubb driving clock, a 5in. Guiding Telescope and a 2 ½in. Finder.The focal length is 12ft. 8in. The telescope is well equipped with a silver circle for right ascension and two for declination. One of the declination circles can be read by a telescope from the eye of the main telescope.
The instrument is provided with a large number of eyepieces, for stars and sun, micrometer eyepiece and a Higler solar spectroscope. A star camera for whole plates (8 ½in. × 6 ½in.), and a sun camera completes the equipment. With an enlarging lens, sun camera gives images of the sun about 5in. in diameter.
The City has erected a temporary observatory for the instrument a few chains to the west of the present Astronomical Section and the Government's Observatories at Kelburn. The structure is 18ft. × 36ft., divided into two 18ft. square rooms, the northern room containing the Telescope and the southern room being the waiting room. The temporary building is constructed of galvanised iron. The whole of the roof over the Telescope room has been made to slide off and on.
The Telescope has been placed in charge of the Dominion Astronomer,
Dr. C. E. Adams , D.Sc., F.R.A.S., and is available for general use, a small charge being made.
The Wellington Saloon, a hall used as a theatre, adjoining the Ship Hotel,
The performance of “A Ghost in Spite of Himself,” some songs and recitations were rendered, and “The Village Lawyer” terminated the performance. Mr. Marriott was in charge of the proceedings.
(N.Z. Journal, 9/12/43.)
The Theatre in Manners Street, nearly opposite the Arcade, was decidedly neat internally, was well seated, and had a commodious dress circle. It was conducted by
The gas was stated to be equal in quality and brilliancy to the article supplied by the Wellington Gas Company, “Which, however,” writes Bishop in his guide, “is not acceding much.”
The Britannia Saloon advertised “A Mr. Sutherland's Night” for Tuesday evening October 12, 1847. A Scotch drama in three acts, called “Red Ronald the Rover” was to be performed by the following artists:—Wandering Stenvel, Mr. Sutherland; Red Ronald, Mr. Marriott; Lawrette, Mrs. Ama; song, “Ye Banks and Braes,” Miss Colman; “Highland Shepherds dancing,” Mr. and Mrs. Grimaldi; and “Queer Sayings,” Mr. Green; “Scots wha hae,” Mr. Marriott in character; hornpipe by a gentleman; and the whole to conclude with a farce, “The Middy Ashore or Sprees on Land.”
(Independent, 6/10/1847.)
On May 30th, 1849, a dramatic entertainment was given at the Barracks at Lambton Quay. The name of the production was “The Child of Nature,” and a farce called “The Queen's Horse” was rendered by men of the 65th Regiment. The same journal (“Independent”) advertised:—
“On the 19th January, 1857, at the Royal Olympic Theatre, Manners Street, the performance will commence with, by particular desire, the interesting drama in five acts entitled “The Stranger,” to be followed by an interlude of songs, dances, duets, etc. The whole to conclude with the celebrated farce entitled “The Clock Maker's Hat.”
“Admittance: Boxes 4/-; Pit 2/-; children half-price. Doors open at eight, to commence at half-past eight precisely. The public are respectfully informed that to avoid confusion, the seats will be numbered, and tickets sold accordingly.
“Good order will be observed and no smoking allowed.”
On Monday, August 2, 1858, the romantic and musical Scotch drama in three acts entitled “
Royal Lyceum Theatre.“The public are respectfully informed that on Tuesday evening, the 20th inst. (20/1/57), the above Theatre will re-open with the splendid Melo-Drama in two acts, entitled ‘The Idiot Witness,’ being for the first time in Wellington.
“
Walter Arlington and Mrs. Bryan. Jack Rags statues by Messrs. Axtelle and Broughton.“The ‘Gay Cavalier.’ in character, by Mrs. Bryan. Mr. Axtelle will describe the ‘Doleful Tragedy of Vilikins and his dear Dinah’ with a new version. A ‘Flag Hornpipe’ by Mr. Broughton. The whole to conclude with, for the first time here, the celebrated farce called ‘The Most Unwarrantable Intrusion.’ Committed by Mr. Clifton to the great annoyance of Mr. Broughton. Boxes 4/-; Pit 2/-; Children half-price. Doors open at eight, to commence at half-past eight precisely. Smoking strictly prohibited.
“In active preparation, a startling Melo-Drama and the celebrated farce of ‘The Widow's Victim.’
Mr. B. M. Osborne ,
Lessee and Manager.
Well.,16th Jan., 1857 .”
Vivat Regina.
“Some Schools and Schoolmasters of Early Wellington” is the title of a very interesting little book by
Miss Tilke, who arrived by the “Adelaide,” under the care of Mrs. Dr. Evans, has the honour of being the first to open and conduct a regular school in the Port Nicholson district. The school was held in a long, clay-built house with thatched roof, a little to the west of the corner of Mulgrave and Pipitea Streets.
Mr. Jabez Allen secured the services of
Mr. Chas. Grace's establishment was next to Ray's store, Thorndon Beach, and later (in October, 1840) he established an academy at Kumutoto Point (corner of Woodward Street and Lambton Quay).
Mr. Henry Buxton kept a night school in a tumble-down shanty near St. Paul's site in Mulgrave Street, and later Mrs. Buxton (“Mother”) had a school near the present site of the Thorndon school. She removed to Tinakori Road, about opposite Hawkestone Street, and died there aged eighty-six.
Messrs. W. J. and Jabez Clark held a school in Willis Street (site of present school), 1842.
Mr. J. H. Rule conducted a school from the 6th June, 1842, in the building then known as the Mechanics' Institute, Church, etc., at the corner of Charlotte Street and Lambton Quay (Anzac Memorial corner—the triangle opposite the Government Buildings) about the same time that
Other schools in 1842 were:—
Miss Wakefield, Tinakori Road (near Murphy Street).
Wesleyan Sunday School, Wade's Store, bottom of Lombard Street,
1843.—Mr Davison, for children under five.
Mr. Tomlin (Tommy), near Hobson and Murphy Streets; clay building.
1845.—A list of schools is given in Grimstone's Southern Settlements of N.Z., p. 71. Those at Wellington were:—
Partly supported by the Bishop of N.Z.: One public, 25 boys, 20 girls; 1 Sunday, for aboriginals, 74 boys, 53 girls.
Partly supported by the Wesleyan Missionary Society: One Native (taught English), 20 boys; 1 Sunday (Europeans), 46 boys, 54 girls; 1 do. Porirua Road (do.), 23 boys, 17 girls; 1 do. Hutt (do.), 35 boys, 25 girls; 1 day and Sunday, Karori, 25 boys, 25 girls; 3 private, 42 boys, 9 girls.
Number of pupils, 290 boys, 203 girls; total 493.
1846.—
Mr. Cayley, Manners Street; Wesleyan day school.
1847.—There were, according to Wakefield's Handbook for N.Z., 1848, nine schoolmasters and eight schoolmistresses; 13 day schools, 366 scholars; 6 Sunday schools, 336 scholars; 5 infant schools, 98 scholars; total 800 scholars.
1847.—Mr. James Fryer, Boulcott Street; Roman Catholic.
1848.—Mr. Norgrove (drawing), Lambton
Quay, Mechanics' Institute.
Mr. Holmes (drawing and singing).—Lambton Quay, Mechanics' Institute.
1849.—Convent School, Hill Street; Roman Catholic.
Misses Spinks, Dixon Street.
R. Huntley, Hill Street; Roman Catholic.
Various schools also conducted in the 'forties were:—
Mrs. (Rev.) Green, Ingestre and Sydney Streets.
Mrs. Harvey (later Mrs. Waterson), Lambton Quay (near Batkin's).
The Highlandman's, Murphy Street.
Miss Mudgway,
Mrs. Fox (organiser), Sydney Street; for Thorndon residents.
Mrs. Dr. Young, Upper Ingestre Street.
Mrs. George (afterwards Mrs. A. Domett), Terrace (near Captain Holliday's old house).
1843—Mr.
1850.—Mr. Marshall, Hawkestone Street (near Crescent); grammar school.
Mr. E. Toomath, Lambton Quay (English at Mechanics' Institute).
1851.—The census returns for December gives:—16 Private Schools, with 580 scholars; 1 Church of England, 50; 1 Roman Catholic, 30.
1852—St. Joseph's School (Bishop Viard); industrial.
1852.—Mr. Wadsworth, Sydney Street. opened by Bishop Selwyn (105 names on the roll).
1853.—Mrs. Green, Sydney Street.
Mr. E. Toomath, Thorndon.
This year (1853) Reserves were set aside for a Wellington College.
The Church of England Education Society held a meeting in the Schoolroom, Thorndon Flat, on the 21st Feb., 1853, and opened the proceedings with prayer by the Lord Bishop (Selwyn) and the singing of the hundredth psalm, which was sung with great expression of feeling.
Reports on the Inspection of Schools (22/12/1852), Wesleyan (19/2/'53), Roman Catholic (30/7/1853 and 13/8/'53), may be seen in the Aust. and N.Z. Gaz.
1853.—The first elected Wellington Provincial Council was convened on Friday, October 28, 1853, and on the next sitting day (Monday) Mr. Fitzherbert gave notice of his intention to move for the appointment of a Committee to take evidence with a view to the introduction of an Education Bill. The Committee was duly set up, consisting of Messrs. Bell, Wallace, Brandon, Lyon and Fitzherbert. An Act was passed whereby the Superintendent was empowered to appoint a commission to enquire and report in time for the next session of the Provincial Council. The Commissioners were Messrs. C.
In 1854 Dr. Featherston announced that a Bill embodying the recommendations of the Commissioners would be laid before the Council. (See Stouts' New Zealand, p. 112.)
On 3rd January, 1855, Mr. Fox moved the adoption of the Education Commissioners' report, and naturally devoted some attention to the outcry which he saw was about to be raised against his proposals regarding religious education. Outside the Council there was considerable excitement, fanned by the leaders of the English Church and the
The room was crowded. Some of the speakers were: Rev. Moir, Mr. Toomath, Mr. Fox, Rev. B.
Mr. E. Toomath, at that time schoolmaster at St. Paul's, generally known as the father of secular education, attended a meeting held at the Thorndon school
Wellington ,Jan. 13, 1855 .“… The Report of the Commission on Education has been adopted by the Council with only two or three dissentient voices. On Wednesday evening a meeting of members of the Church of England was held in the Thorndon schoolroom. It ended in adjournment till the following Wednesday, Mr. Fox promising to procure the adjournment of the second reading of the Bill founded on the Report.
“I took an opportunity, at the meeting, to address them briefly, to find out their opinions on State aid for the school. I said in substance that I did not think the Church of England as a denomination was justified in taking State assistance, even if the State would give it, and that so strongly did I feel on the point that I for one could not ask for, or take it, because then the same must be done for the Romanists. To my delight it was the all but unanimous feeling of the meeting, especially of the Archdeacon, who was in the chair. On Wednesday evening last a public meeting was held in the Institute, Mr. May in the chair, to consider the Report on Education now before the House. We met again on Thursday and again last night and have a further adjournment till Tuesday night next week. You will be surprised and no doubt pleased to hear that Mr. Paul sought Mr. Woodward to ask him to second this amendment, viz., that if it be right for the Government to interfere in the education of the people, its operations should be restricted to secular instruction only. Mr. Woodward complied, and in a telling speech seconded the amendment. Of course I could not on such a subject be silent. It seems I have hit a little too hard; the Government are trying to bring in the Irish Extracts to the exclusion of the Bible, while I, with others, have determined on the secular plan as the only one all denominations can take without infringing on principle. I much wish you were here to take a part in the discussion. The opposition fired off their two heaviest shots last night—Messrs. Fitzherbert and Hart. Our side has, of course, to reply. I have not escaped without my share of wounds, but on Tuesday I hope, when I have done, to be able to say I have repaid the compliment with interest. I forward you a ‘Spectator’ containing an account of Wednesday evening's combat. I know you will say we have been at it vigorously and at it as earnestly we must go again.
E. Toomath .”
(From the original by courtesy
Mr. W. Toomath.)
MacMorran, on pages 121 to 139, gives a good account of the Wellington Provincial Council and education, and from pages 140 to 157 matters pertaining to the Education Board to 1878. Space permits but a summarised account.
The Provincial Council proceeded to legislate on education on January 23, 1855, and on February 20 there passed a Bill to promote the establishment of common schools in the Wellington Provincial District.
By 1857 only two schools had been established, one at Whanganui and another at Turakina.
In 1859 Dr. Featherston stated that 10 schools had been established. In 1861, fourteen. In 1862 an Education Res. Bill was passed. In 1862–3, eighteen schools. But to deal with the Wellington schools from 1855, viz:—
Mr. E. Toomath, Wellington and Aurora Terrace (Grammar), Messrs.
J. G. S. Grant, Manners Street. Wesleyan Schoolroom.
Rev. Mr. Baker, Sydney Street, St. Paul's.
Rev. Mr. Woodward, Sydney Street, St. Paul's.
Mr. Finnimore, Sydney Street, St. Paul's.
Mr. Jupp, Sydney Street, St. Paul's.
1859.—Wm. Mowbray, Sydney Street, St. Paul's.
Mr.
1874.—
1876.—Marist, Boulcott St., Roman Catholic.
1878.—Convent, Dixon St., Roman Catholic.
1879.—Girls' Classes, College Museum, Experimental.
1883.—Girls High School, Upper Abel Smith Street (late Bowden's).
1885.—
1885.—Graduates' Association, Victoria College.
1887.—Girls' College, Pipitea Street.
1893.—Convent, Newtown, Roman Catholic.
1894.—Sir Robert Stout's Middle District University Act passed.
1897.—Victoria College Act became law.
1898.—The first Victoria College Council advertised for professors.
1899.—Professors Brown (Classics), McKenzie (English Literature), Easterfield (Chemistry), and McLaurin (Mathematics) appointed.
It is stated that certain reserves were set aside in 1853 by way of an endowment for this institution, and on Monday, 4th February, 1867, the Rev. E.
In 1868 the school's existence was spent in the old barracks on Fitzherbert Terrace, and in 1869 removed to Clifton Terrace until 1874, when the present College on
The writer is indebted to Mr. W. H. Field, M.P. for Otaki, for the following information:—
Among the masters in Fig. 245 are:—Messrs.
The Provincial Council Act of 1871 came into operation in July, 1872. The first Wellington members of the Education Board, which consisted of ten members, one for each district, were Messrs. A. de Bathe Brandon (City) and E. Toomath (District).
The “Wellington College Old Boys Record, 1891,” gives further particulars.
Technical Colleges, Schools and Universities from 1884 to 1910 are dealt with from page 112, Stouts' New Zealand, published in 1911.
The College Jubilee celebrations were commenced on Saturday evening 29th November, 1924, by a concert in the Town Hall, at which Mr. W. F. Ward, Chairman of the Board of Governors, presided. Speeches were given by Sir Robert Stout, Sir Francis Bell, Mr. Firth and Mr. R. Darroch (representing the Old Boys' Association, on behalf of its President, Mr.
On Sunday a procession of scholars and old boys proceeded to the Town Hall, where a Jubilee service was conducted. Sir Robert Stout, Administrator of the Dominion in the absence of the Governor-General (
The opening of the Pavilion, Firth House and the Gifford observatory took place on Monday, 1st December, 1924. A long account is given in the “Evening Post,” 1/12/1924. The foundation stone of the War Memorial Hall was laid by His Excellency the Governor-General (
The erection of the Hall was brought about by the active work of the Old Boys' Association, who had contributed over £6000 for the Hall and its internal embellishments.
The N.Z. University (Fig. 102) was established under the Act of 1870. At that time steps had been taken to organise a University in Otago, and in 1873 Canterbury College was founded. So that students in other portions of the Colony might not be placed at an undue disadvantage, certain institutions were given the status of affiliation. Wellington College occupied this position from 1872 to 1881. A grant of £300 to the local college was utilised in maintaining a natural science lectureship under Professor Kirk; classes were held in the evenings by the staff for the instruction of candidates for their degrees. In 1885 a Graduates' Association was formed, which assisted materially in keeping alive the agitation for a local University College. In 1894 “The Middle District of N.Z. University College Act” was passed, and in 1897 the Victoria College Act, to promote higher education by the establishment of a College at Wellington in commemoration of the reign of Her Majesty Queen Victoria, was passed. The pioneer professors arrived in the Colony at the end of March, 1899. Classes were organised and lectures began. The V.U.C. Calendar for 1928 contains further information for those interested, on page 128 of which will be found an alphabetical Roll of Graduates from 1901 to 1927.
The 1901 graduates to receive distinction were:—Alexandra Mary Brown, B.A.; Mary Rose (nee Greenfield), B.A.; and
1875.—Mr. Newlyn and Mrs. Tarn, Buckle Street.
1875.—Messrs.
1878.—Mrs. Francis, Mt. Cook.
1878.—Mr. Everiss. Mr. Hardy, 1879. Tara-naki Street Boys.
1879.—Mr. Lillington, Newtown.
1887.—Mr. Hulke, Newtown.
1880.—Mr. W. Mowbray, Thorndon. Burned down 1900.
1881.—Mr. C.
1889.—Mr.
1896.—Mr. Flux, Rintoul Street.
The history of the Educational Institute is given on pages 161–169, Mr. McMorran's book.
Misses Swainson and Baber successfully conducted private schools in Thorndon in the late 'nineties and for some time after.
This institution was formally opened by His Excellency the Governor-General (
The tennis courts in connection with this College were opened in October, 1926. The City Year Book contains names of the College Councils, Education and Technical School Boards.
The supplement of the “New Zealand Spectator” of April 9, 1859, contains a list of persons claiming to be placed on the Roll of the Electorate district of Wellington, with the particulars of their places of abode and qualifications as set forth in their respective claims.
Wellington's share compared with Auckland.
A meeting was held in April, 1842; the people assembled were unanimous in agreeing to demand the application of the Municipal Corporation Bill to Wellington.
Mr. Murphy, Sub-Sheriff, stated that a rough census gave the population of the town as 2,600.
An account of some of the principal fires that occurred in the settlement since its inception, may serve to locate several land marks and the dates of old photographs.
Besides the fires at Pito-one and on the beach (Lambton Quay), already referred to in these pages, there were Mr. Good-fellows bakehouse fire and “nine or ten” houses burned at Pito-one in December, 1841. The origin of the latter began in Mr. Reynold's house, and Petherick's one (just completed), T. M. Partridge's store, Elsdon's “Commercial” Inn, the “Australian” Inn, Burcham's bakehouse and several dwellings and outhouses were consumed.
The Post Office fire, 6/7/42, and the beach fire, 19/11/42, already referred to, then occurred. A Fire Relief Committee was formed, and £413 was collected in December of that year.
Mr. Buick of Karori had a crop of three acres of wheat consumed in 1847 by a fire caused by a Native, who was burning his clearing adjoining it. Later on in that year a fire broke out in Mr. May's brewery. The fire originated in the malt kiln. Owing to the exertions made by some of the 99th Regiment, stationed at Te Aro Barracks, under the supervision of Major Last, the flames were soon subdued and but little damage done. The neighbours also assisted.
In February, 1850, a fire, caused by some hot ashes thrown into an enclosed section in Woolcombe Street occupied by Mr. James, spread along the grass rapidly towards the bush, and a strong party from the barracks at Mt. Cook and some neighbours extinguished the flames.
Mr. Manson of the Taita had his barn and about 50 bushels of wheat consumed by fire on the 25th February, 1851.
On Sunday morning the 27th April, 1856, a fire broke out in the buildings and stores at the head of the bay (Old Custom House Street), adjoining the Custom House and Telford's store. The first on the scene were Mr. Raymond the manager of the Union Bank, Mr. Hunter and others living in the neighbourhood, who were soon joined by Messrs. Rhodes, Woodward, Bowler, Moore, Laing, Lyon and others. The engines belonging to the Ordnance Department were speedily put into requisition, and all the men of the 65th Regiment not on guard, were mustered on the spot under command of Captain Blewett, Lieutenant Strange, Adjutant and Lieutenant Lewis. Colonel McCleverty and Brigade Major Coote were on the ground.
Hervey's store, at one time the Custom House, which is on the opposite side of
A plentiful supply of water, passed in buckets from hand to hand kept the flames under control and confined them to the front of the buildings. While Mr. Newman (Mr. Lyon's assistant) and others were actively employed in preventing the spread of the fire to Flyger's store. At five the fire was at its height—the flames stood up in one tall column into the sky. The Post Office and stores of Messrs. G.
The damage was estimated to be about £25,000.
Those prominent in giving assistance were Messrs. Withers, Alexander, of the soldiery, and Messrs.
The origin of the fire was not correctly ascertained. (N.Z. Spectator.)
The formation of a fire brigade was the outcome of the fire recorded above. At a meeting attended by Messrs. W.
In 1865 a force of 100 men, under Captain Black, was formed, called the “Wellington Volunteer Fire Brigade.”
In 1866 the Brigade comprised Captain L. Moss, Lieut. W.
In 1867 an offshoot (of 50 men) called the “Central Volunteer Fire Brigade” (Captain Black) was established, Superintendent Whiteford taking control of the older body. Captain Moss was in charge of the Central in 1868.
On the 17th May. 1868, an extensive fire occurred on Lambton Quay, destroying, among other buildings, Mundle's South Sea Hotel and the establishments of Messrs. Kane, Carmont, Armstrong, Moffit, Cohen, Browne and Webb.
On Sunday, 15th March, 1879, the alarm went just as the congregation of the Wesleyan Church, in Manners Street, were leaving the church. A fire had started in the interior of the Opera House opposite, which was soon a furnace of flame. It spread to the Working Men's Club, and the intense heat made Manners Street impassable. After a time the whole of the Wesleyan Chapel opposite, from the ground to the apex of the spire, after giving off a cloud of blue smoke for a few seconds, burst into flame. The church and schoolroom, with frontage to Dixon Street, were swept away. The fire travelled on the Opera House side to Cuba Street, and to the opposite side corner also and destroyed the old Nag's Head Inn. Thence the flames leaped across Cuba Street and swept away the Royal Oak Hotel and the old Market Hall, clearing the frontage to Dixon Street. An area of 10 acres was devastated, three large blocks were cleared, and 30 buildings were reduced to ashes. The damage was estimated at about £100,000.
The Municipal Fire Brigade was established in 1880, and the fire police and salvage corps trasformed into a salvage
On the 9th May, 1884, St. John's Presbyterian Church, Willis Street, was burned down, after an existence of nine years at a cost of £5000. The fall of the lofty spire was an impressive sight. The following year, 18 April, 1885. Te Aro House was completely destroyed, the damage amounting to over £40,000. The death of a person who had gone in to the building on the first alarm to salvage some goods, caused a painful sensation.
In 1886 Captain Page succeeded Captain Whiteford. The Panama Street fire of the 27th February, 1887, ravaged the block bounded by Lambton Quay, Panama Street, Featherston Street and Brandon Street. A ship's brigade from
On the 28th April, 1887, a sensational and spectacular fire occurred at the Post Office and Custom Houe buildings (site of the present one). The fine clock with chimes struck the hour of five when enveloped in flames, and came down with a hollow thud as the onlookers gave vent to exclamations of sorrow. (Fig. 247.)
Captain Kemsley now took charge of the Brigade (1889).
On the 8th October, 1890, the old Government Printing Office, on Lambton Quay, formerly a portion of the first Barrett's Hotel, was totally destroyed by fire. The business had for some years been carried on at the commodious building opposite, but a quantity of stationery and stores were demolished. The Lands and Survey Department suffered loss in maps and the work on the lithographic stones. The drawings on some of these represented the work of years.
The stock of White's “Ancient History of the Maori” was totally lost.
The Hill Street fire occurred on the 28th November, 1898, when St. Mary's Roman Catholic Cathedral, for 40 years a conspicuous building, was destroyed. The Basilica now occupies the site.
On the 16th May, 1900, before daylight, the Thorndon school, Hobson and Murphy Streets, went up in flames.
The Terrace School, Clifton Terrace, was destroyed by fire on the 24th June, 1901. It was in occupation at the time by some visiting volunteers taking part in the reception to the Duke and Duchess of York (King George V.). This building was the first Wellington College. A fire occurred later in Maarama Crescent, and on the 30th May, 1901, twenty-two large houses in Hawker Street were destroyed by a fire that raged through a gale of wind.
Kempthorne and Prosser's fire, perhaps, was the most spectacular fire witnessed in Wellington.
There are now eleven fire stations (1926), a superintendent, deputy, third officer, 4 station officers, 42 permanent and 86 auxiliary firemen. The Fire Police Corps of 24 members are under Captain J. Wright, Lieutenants T. Ballinger, A.
Governor Fitzroy abolished the Customs' duties on the 9th September, 1844, and made the New Zealand ports free, hoping by placing a rate on all property instead, to create a revenue of £8000 per annum.—Bishop's Guide, 1883, p. 99.
Drinking Fountain, Oriental Bay, by Mr. John Martin, 1875.
Memorial Clock, Basin Reserve (old Pavilion), October 22, 1890, by
Public Library Books, £1000, by
Public Library Books, £250, by
Oil Painting, Surrey Hills (Leader), by Mrs. A. Rhodes, 1900.
Queen Victoria Statue, Kent Terrace, £2,000, by Citizens Wellington, 1902.
Natural History Specimens, etc. (collection valued at £2,000), by
Bird Skins (for mounting) value £100, by Alex. Yuill, 1911.
Drinking Fountain, Central Park, by Proprietors of “Evening Post,” 1913.
Gates, Central Park, by
Garden Seats (250), by late Mr. J. Newton, 1914.
Strip of land at Island Bay for road improvements, by Mr. W. Odlin, 1920.
Keith Izard Park (11 acres, 2 roods, 20.4 perches), by
Town Hall Clock, by the late
Books to Public Library, New Zealand Books by
Garden Seats (78), by The Orphans' Club, 1923.
Memorial Park Haywards (138 acres, 17 perches), by
Reserve Area (3 perches), Disley Street, by R. Tait, Senior, 1923.
Collection of Orchids for Botanical Gardens,
Garden Seats, by Mr. J. Stellin, 1926.
Garden Seats, by Mr. Swinson, 1926.
Late Hon. C. H. Izard: Gift to the City of Residue of his Estate, “same to be held on trust for such Charitable or Educational purposes or objects to be carried on or effected within the Dominion of New Zealand as the Wellington City Council shall from time to time by resolution direct or appoint.”
Equipment for Play Areas: £5,000 for equipping Children's Play Areas. Mr. G. Shirtcliffe.
Reserve: 2 ¼ acres of land adjoining the Karori Cemetery.
Reserve: 39 perches of land as public reserve, Totara Road. Miramar North Limited.
Lion (King Dick), by Wirth Bros. Circus, 1906. (The Wellington Zoo was inaugurated by the acceptance of this animal).
Timor Deer (2), by Wellington Zoo Committee, 1909.
Thar (Himalayan) (6), by His Grace the Duke of Bedford, 1909.
White Storks (4), by Postal Officials, Wellington, 1910.
Macaws (South American) (6), by Wellington Zoo Committee, 1910.
Fallow Deer (2), by Mr. Harper, 1913.
Indian Humped Cattle (2), by Wellington Zoological Society, 1915.
Red Deer (3), by Otago Acclimatisation Society, 1916.
Ostrich, by Wellington Zoological Society, 1916.
Sambur Deer (Indian) (2), by New Zealand Tourist Department, 1920.
Cassowray (Queensland), and a number of reptiles, by Captain Greenhaigh, 1923.
Sea Lions (Auckland Island) (6), by Marine Department, per Captain Bollins, 1909, 1920 and 1923.
Tigress (India), by London Zoological Society, 1923.
Wombat (Australia), by Mrs. E. Janes, Sydney, 1923.
Tasmanian Devil, by Wellington Zoological Society, 1923.
Tiger (India), by the Maharajah of Gwalor, per the Wellington Zoological Society.
Elephant, Madras Government, 1927.
Bison (2), by Canadian Parks Authorities, 1927.
Golden Pheasants, by Wellington Zoological Society, 1927.
Kiki, by City Year Book, 1928.
The N.Z. Journal, April 2, 1842, p. 4, published a letter from Colonel Wakefield in which he states:
“The ‘Victoria’ left this port for Auckland with the Governor and suite on the 28th September, 1841.
“I have instructed Captain Wakefield to send back here the ‘Arrow,’ with information of the site of the settlement being determined, and hope to be able to inform you of it by the ‘Balley.’”
The same Journal, page 7, published extracts from the Diary of
This reserve, surrounded by Lambton Quay, Charlotte Street (now Molesworth Street), Kumutoto Street (now Bowen Street), Sydney Street (that portion now closed) and Section 505 (now Museum Street), was set apart by the New Zealand Company (Gov. Gaz., 26/10/41) and recorded on plan of the City of Wellington, August, 1842, signed by the
Some reserves, viz. (L.L.) cemeteries, 18 acres; (M.) Episcopalian Church, 1 acre 4 perches; and (E.E.) Public Offices, were marked on the plan.
Bishop Selwyn looked at reserve M, and considered it inconvenient for a church site; it was appropriated to the Protestant clergyman, and a site for the Episcopalian Church was selected in the cemetery and approved by the Bishop. On the Bishop's second visit to Wellington, although the preparations for the building were considerably advanced, he objected to this site, and the trustees of the Wellington Archdeaconry Fund were instructed to apply for a portion of the Government Domain for one. As, however, Governor Fitzroy, after inspecting the site chosen in the cemetery, had fully approved of it, the subscribers respectfully remonstrated against it being changed. They considered the Government Domain unsuitable for a church, and they especially objected to changing the object for which it had been reserved, because purchasers had selected the land in the neighbourhood upon the faith of that
Memorial to the Government.
A public meeting was held at the Aglionby Arms (River Hutt) on the 19th September, 1844, for the object of discussing the present state of the district as regards the seizure of the settlers lands by the natives, and of drawing up a memorial to the Government upon the subject. The large room of Mr. BurchaMcs was full, and many were obliged to remain outside. Mr. W.
It is interesting to note the Salaries received by Government officials, from the time of their appointment to the year 1846.
—(Grimstone's “Southern Settlements,” p. 66.)
The Executive Council, 1848, were: His Excellency Major-General G. D. Pitt, Commander of Forces;
Lieut.-Governor Eyre was sworn in on the Government lawn in 1848, (Cook St. Almanac, 1849.)
Salaries for 1851–1852.
Lieut-Governor, £800, allowance £400;
Private Secretary, £200.
Colonial Secretary, £400; chief clerk, £250; second clerk, £125.
Colonial Treasurer, £400; clerk, £150.
Auditor-General, £300; clerk, £125.
Surveyor, £300; contingencies, £130.
Public Works.—Clerk, £109 16s; gardener, £70; contingencies, £5.
Customs.— Collector, £400; landing waiter, £200; second do., £120; clerk and warehousekeeper, £160; second Clerk, £54; tide surveyor, £200; locker, £100; assistant, £10.
Harbourmaster.—Coxswain, £60; four boatmen, 2s. 3d. per diem; pilot, £100; one boatman, 3s. per diem; three do., 2s. 3d. per diem.
Colonial Surgeon, £200, forage allowance £54 18s.
Judge, £800.
Registrar-General, £300; Attorney-General, £400; Resident Magistrate, £300; Gaoler £109 10s; Post Office Clerk, £200; Sub-Inspector Armed Police, £150; Colonial Chaplain, £200.
Grand total, £16,627 3s. 3d.
(“Aus. and N.Z. Gazette,” 10/4/1852.)
The Government gardener for the Domain was D. Wilkinson, at £75 per year.
The Auditor-General,
Members of the General Assembly were:
In 1856 the members of the House of Representatives for the city were Messrs.
An account of the Government offices is given in the “Cyclopaedia of N.Z.,” Vol. I., pp. 122, from which the following extracts are given:—
“Up to 1864 all the Government printing was done privately. A plant, costing £884 was fixed in Auckland in 1864, a staff of eight men and two boys engaged, and the Gazette, departmental forms and Parliamentary papers were printed. On the removal of the seat of Government, in 1864, large additions to the plant were made, and a printing machine, driven by steam power, was used. Duty stamp printing commenced in 1886. Part of Barret's old hotel was used until 1888.
“Old Government house was completed in 1871, and the foundation stone of the Provincial Buildings (now Government Insurance) was laid in 1872. (See Fig. 222.)
Parliament House was erected in 1873 from plans prepared by the Colonial Architect, Mr. Clayton.
The Government Buildings (Fig. 314), claimed to be the largest wooden structure of a permanent character in the world, containing upwards of one hundred and sixty rooms was commenced in April, 1875, and completed in October, 1877.
The contract for rebuilding the Post Office, destroyed by fire in 1887, was let to Messrs. Barry and McDowell in 1882.
Post Office Chimes.
An article in the “Dominion,” 9th March, 1928, deals with the words set to the Post Office chimes, viz.:—
Lieut.-Governors of Provinces:
Colonel Thos. Gore Browne, C.B., 6/9/1855 to 2/10/1861.
Marquis of
Lieut.—General Sir Wm.
Earl of
Earl of Glasgow, G.C.M.G., 7/6/1892 to 6/2/1897.
Earl of
Rt. Hon. William Lee, Baron Plunket, K.C.M.G., K.C.V.O., 20/6/1904, to 8/6/1910.
Earl of Liverpool. G.C.M.G., M.V.O., 19/12/1912 to 28/6/1917; Governor-General, 28/6/1917 to 7/7/1920.
21. Hon. Sir Robert Stout, K.C.M.G., Chief Justice, Administrator, 8/6/1910 to 22/6/1910; Dec. 3rd to 19th. 1912; P.C., K.C.M.G., Administrator, 8/7/1920 to 26/9/1920.
Viscount Jellicoe of
(Extracts from an article by Mr. Elsdon Best, published in the Harbour Board's Year Books, 1919 and 1926. By courtesy of the Wellington Harbour Board.)
The history of the port as a shipping centre really dates from 1862, when the first pile of the Queen's wharf was driven. For over twenty years prior to that date, the work of the port was mainly carried on by means of lighters discharging and loading at small private jetties, which extended along the line of the then existing foreshore from Pipitea to
Te Aro . The subjoined enumeration of these jetties, etc., in existence in Lambton Harbour, prior to any extensive reclamation, may be of interest; taking them from Pipitea Point southwards:—Wharf or Jetty and Location, 1919.
Brown's, or German Brown's, Wharf, formerly Munn's Wharf (used by warships as a landing jetty).; opposite Royal, (now Cecil) Hotel.
Wallace's Wharf; opposite Wallace's shop, now Price's (auctioneer), Lambton Quay.
Levin's Wharf, also known as Baron Alzdorf's Wharf, and Taine's Wharf; now Hood Bros.' draper store, Lambton Quay.
Moore's Wharf; opposite Pringle's present shop.
Plimmer's Wharf.
Swinburne's Wharf, also known as Osgood's Wharf, or Bijou Theatre Wharf.
Wharf or Jetty and Location, 1919—(Contd.).
Bowler's Wharf, then Pearce's Wharf.
Waitt's Wharf, then Fitzherbert's, or Nobby Crawford's Wharf, then Pilcher's Wharf; for bonded goods.
Bethune and Hunter's Wharf; for bonded goods.
Ridgway's Wharf, then Hickson's Wharf, then Wills' or Houghton's Wharf.
Rhodes' Wharf.
Other private wharves and jetties were afterwards erected. The best known structures were:—Mills' Wharf, Turnbull's Wharf, Compton's Wharf, Paddy Anderson's Landing Stage, Waring Taylor's Wharf, (David) Robertson's Wharf, Greenfield and Stewart's Wharf.
The chief lightermen of the early days were:—Messrs. Richard and
William Haybittle ,George Houghton , F. Wills, Tandy and Pressman. Of this small company,Mr. Richard Haybittle still (1919) survives, a hale old veteran of 96.The Queen's Wharf was built by the Wellington Provincial Council, and managed by that body for a few years,
Mr. William Spinks being first wharfinger. In 1871 the Corporation acquired the wharf, the lessee at that time being Mr. Wm. Tonks. The next lessees were Messrs. Jackson and Graham (1872–1875), after which Mr. W. Jackson held the lease for a year, till Feb. 9th, 1876.
In 1879 a movement was started for the establishment of a Harbour Board, which
was constituted; its first meeting was held February 20th, 1880. The Board acquired from the Railway Department the railway wharf and adjacent breastwork at Waterloo Quay. And on October 1st, 1881, the Queen's Wharf and Bonded Warehouse, and since that date has solely administered the affairs of the port.
The Year Book for 1919, pp. 28–43, gives an explanation of signals and wharf lights used, a table of distances, chairmen, past members of the Board, and principal officers of the staff, etc. The chairman for 1880 was
Mr. W. H. Levin , and the secretaries were: Messrs.H. M. Lyon , 1880; W. Ferguson, 1884, andH. E. Nicholls , 1908.The Board, which is a public body, constituted and empowered under Acts of Parliament, consists of 14 members elected by the electors of Wairarapa. Hutt, Makara, Manawatu and Wellington. The members for Wellington (1927): Col. G. Mitchell, Captain Macindoe, Messrs.
C. J. B. Norwood andC. H. Chapman . The chairman isMr. J. G. Cobbe , and the secretaryMr. A. G. Barnett . In 1862, the only wharf was without a shed; in 1919 there were 33 stores (8,587,111 capacity).From Year Book, 1926:—
The Board has ten city wharves, and almost continuous breastworks, extending over nearly a mile and a half of waterfront, the total lineal berthage being 19,305 feet, with depths of water alongside varying from 16 to 46 feet, giving ample berthage accommodation to oversea and other vessels. Of this total, 6110 feet of berthage is linked up with the Dominion's railway system. The above is without taking into account the suburban wharves, six in number, and totalling 2925 lineal feet of berthage.
Conveniently placed on these wharves and adjacent breastworks are 35 stores with a gross capacity of 10,695,360 cubic feet.
(From Grimstone's “Southern Settlements of New Zealand.”)
No provision having been made for the administration of justice in New Zealand, the first colonists on their arrival entered into arrangements with the Sovereign chiefs, by which they elected their own magistrates. This temporary authority existed until the arrival of
The sessions sat for the first time at Port Nicholson on the 1st October, 1841.
They sailed from London in the “Tyne” in April, 1841, reached Wellington on the 9th of August, and went on to Auckland. They were respectively gazetted on the 28th September, 1841.
The Supreme Court ordinance was established in December, 1841. (Ses. 11, No. 1.) “County Courts,” ordinance ses. 11, No. 2, was passed at the same time. Police Magistrate jurisdiction extension was passed by Session 11, No. 4.
Previous to 1844, indictments had more the character of informations, it being sufficient that they were signed by one of the law officers of the Crown, i.e., the Attorney-General, or Crown Prosecutor, and all Crown prosecutions were conducted by them.
On the discontinuance of the office of Crown Prosecutor, the duty of prosecutions devolved on private prosecutors, as in England, and
The ordinance ses. 111, No. 8, repealed the County Courts after the 1st October, 1844, and Courts of Requests, with jurisdiction up to $P$20, were established.
The administration officers of justice and members of the legal profession practising in Wellington in 1846 were:—Chief Justice,
Supreme Court trials in Wellington from 1844 to 1846, were:—Number of indicments 60, number ignored 12; number of persons tried, 64 Europeans, 3 natives; number sentenced to imprisonment 32, and 7 to transportation. Number of plaints entered, summonses 206; number of cases in which issue made up 86, for trial 88; amount of sums sued for, $P$58,395 13s. 1d.; amount of fees, £726 5s. 0d.
(Figures 254, 255, and 258 by courtesy Sir
Cases disposed of at the police offices from 1844 to 1846:—460 cases, being 295 against the person and 165 against property. There were 226 acquittals and 234 convictions.
Court of Requests. 1845–1846:—There were 237 summonses issued on debts not exceeding 40/-; 156 on debts from 40/- to £5; 104 on debts from £5 to £10, and 103 on debts exceeding £10.
An alphabetical list of qualified jurors in the Wellington District, prescribed by the Ordinance of Sep. 3, No. 11, passed by the Legislative Council of the Colony of New Zealand, may be seen in the New Zealand “Gazette” and Wellington “Spectator,” 13/1/44.
The following persons comprised the Grand Jury of the 12th April, 1844, Mr. Justice Chapman presiding:—
Wm. Fitzherbert (foreman), R.
The New Zealand Government Gazettes of Thursday, 17th March, 1853, and the 9th May, 1856, contain notices of Commissions appointing Justices of the Peace for the Wellington Province to which lists are appended as follows:—
The New Zealand “Journal,” 2nd June, 1849, makes the following announcement:— “A Legislative Council has met at Wellington, with all the formalities in such cases made and provided. It has also separated—we beg pardon—been adjourned, sine die, by
An article designated “Fashionable Intelligence from the Court Circular,” including reports on the Legislative Council, expressly reported for the “Independent,” appeared in that paper dated 26th April, 1849, and re-published in the New Zealand “Journal” (3/11/49, p. 257). One or two extracts are given:—
“The Government brig ‘Victoria’ arrived on Thursday last, bringing the most Honourable Messrs. Greenwood, Monro and Seymour, the Governor's nominees. We understand these gentlemen have taken apartments in the Government Public House. On Monday, Lord Stanley gave a splendid Cabinet banquet at his mansion,
An announcement that the Nominee Council would meet on the 1st August, 1850, appeared in the same journal, copied from “Independent,” 3/7/50. Mention is also made in another issue that “the resignation of
This market (Cuba Street) opened as usual last Thursday, but from various causes, not the least from the neglect to keep it prominently before the public, the attendance was very small and the business done equally so. (“Independent,” 21/1/57.)
A meteorological table from a register kept at Wellington, dated from February, 1841 to Jan. 1842, is to be found in Dieffenbach's “Travels in New Zealand,” p. 184.
Kelburn.—The “Dominion,” 15/12/27, states:—“‘We are now getting records from both stations,’ said Dr. Kidson, ‘so
The military protection afforded to the settlers in the Wellington District in 1843 and 1844 consisted of a detachment of 1 captain, 1 subaltern and 53 rank and file of the 96th Regiment, stationed in Wellington. In 1845, reinforcements reached Wellington, completing the strength to 6 officers, 154 rank and file, under the command of
A return of military stations and troops in the Southern Division of New Zealand on the 16th December, 1846, may be found in Grimstone's “Southern Settlements of N.Z.,” p. 86, from which the following extracts are taken for Wellington:—2 field officers, 1 medical staff; Royal artillery, 1 sergeant, 5 rank and file; Royal Engineers, nil; 58th Regmt., 2 officers, 4 sergeants, 64 men; 65th Regmt., 2 men; 99th Regmt., 3 officers, 9 sergeants, 111 men.
On page 87, a return is given of naval and military officers who were employed in the suppression of rebellion in the south of New Zealand:—“Calliope” (26): Captain Stanley; Lieutenants W. Thorp,
Lieutenant-Colonel Wm. Anson McCleverty, D. Quartermaster, General Commanding in N.Z.; Frances R. C. Master, 58th Acting Brigade Major; Wm. F. G.
LVIII. Regmt.—Major Chas. A. Arney; Captains J. H. Laye, J. P. Hardy, A. H. Russell, C. Dressing; Lieutenants A. M. L. Hay,
LXV. Regmt.—Captains R. O'
XCVI. Regmt.—Major Hulme; Captains J. Snodgrass,
XCIX. Regmt.—Major Last; Captains J. Armstrong, A. W. Reed; Lieutenants P. Johnston, R. H. de
Royal Artillery.—Captain W. Henderson, Brevet-Major
Royal Engineers.—Brevet Major W. B. Marlow,
During the disturbance of 1846 there were 1086 Militiamen in the District of Wellington, and from 250 to 300 men were called out for active service. Captains received 8/- per diem; lieutenants, 6/- per diem; ensigns, 5/- per diem (while on duty); adjutants, 8/- per diem. A list of commissioned officers, appointed 1845–46, comprised the following:—Lieutenant-Colonel M. Richmond; Captains Wm.
Parties of men were busily occupied at this period, levelling the ground at Mount Cook, intended for the site of military barracks.
The “Cyclopaedia of N.Z.,” Vol. 1, p. 325, contains the names of military and naval officers in 1895, which, from biographical sketches of their lives, general information regarding the dates of former military engagements, etc., in New Zealand may be gathered. Other information may be obtained from “Defenders of N.Z.” The following is extracted from the former work, as under:—
Wellington, as the capital of the Colony, was the headquarters of the Defence Office, which controlled the Militia and volunteer forces of New Zealand. His Excellency the Governor was Commander-in-Chief. The officer in command of the district was Lieut.-Colonel Newall. The Garrison Artillery Branch of the Permanent Militia was controlled by Major W. B. Messenger and Captain Coleman, and Captain J. Falconer was in charge of the Torpedo Corps. There were five corps of volunteers in the city, viz., Artillery, the D Battery, founded 22nd July, 1867; City Rifles, 23rd July, 1867; Guards, 14th July, 1879; Naval Artillery, 24th March, 1879, and one Cavalry Rifle Company—Heretaunga Mounted Rifles—established 1st January, 1885, with His Excellency the Earl of Glasgow, G.C.M.G. (“Gazette,” 5/7/1892) as Honorary Colonel.
The Garrison Band was organised about 1875 and known as the Artillery Band. The first conductor was
The photographs showing the “D” Battery Volunteers and the City Rifles and Wellington College Rifles, were taken on the occasion of the visit of their Royal Highnesses the Duke and Duchess of Cornwall and York (now King George V. and Queen Mary) to Wellington, in June, 1901.
Members of the D Battery fired the Royal Salute from Pipitea Point Battery, and the guard of honour at the Duke and Duchesses arrival at Government House comprised the Wellington City Rifles and College Rifles, under the command of
The writer appends a copy of a programme of this event in his possession.
Programme.Tuesday, 18thJune, 1901.The “Ophir” will be signalled from Mount Victoria and the General Post Office; also a Royal Salute from Pipitea Point Battery.
- 11 a.m.—Their Royal Highnesses will land at Queen's Wharf, and will be welcomed by the Mayor and Councillors. The procession will then proceed via Jervois Quay, Cuba, Ingestre and Willis Streets, Lamton Quay, Charlotte, Sydney, and Museum Streets to Government House.
- 1 p.m.—Government Military Luncheon at Drill Shed.
- 2.30 p.m.—Friendly and Trade Societies march past hall door at Government House.
- 3 p.m.—Leave Government House and proceed via. Sydney and Charlotte Streets, Lambton Quay, Willis, Manners, and Lower Cuba Streets to site of the new Town Hall.
- 3.15 p.m.—Lay Foundation Stone of Town Hall. Return same route.
- 8 p.m.—Dinner at Government House.
- 9.45 p.m.—Reception at Government House. Illumination of city. Naval display, 9 p.m.
Wednesday, 19th June, 1901.- 10.30 a.m.—Leave Government House and drive, via. Museum and Sydney Streets, to Parliament Buildings.
- 11 a.m.—Presentation of South African War Medals.
- 3 p.m.—Reception at Government House. Friendly and Trade Societies' addresses received.
- 8 p.m.—Dinner at Government House.
- 9.45 to 11 p.m.—Government Reception in Parliament Buildings. Display of fireworks from hulks in the harbour.
Thursday, 20th June, 1901.- Royal Excursion by Railway.
- 11 a.m.—Naval Sports in harbour. Marine explosion, 3 p.m.
Friday, 21st June, 1901.- 11.45 a.m.—Leave Government House and proceed to Featherston Street to lay Foundation Stone of new Railway Offices.
- 3.40 p.m.—Leave Government House, and drive via. Museum, Sydney and Charlotte Streets, Lambton Quay, and Grey Street to Queens Wharf.
- 4 p.m.—Leave for Lyttelton.
Mr. W. Colenso, who came out to New Zealand with a Church Missionary party, was the first printer to operate in New Zealand. He, with the printing press and type belonging to the mission, printed, at the Bay of Islands, a “Maori Testament.” This was prior to these islands being colonised.
The first newspaper in connection with the Port Nicholson settlement was published in London on Friday the 6th of September, 1839. It was called the “New Zealand Gazette,” and contained the draft of the provisional constitution, as drawn up by the settlers, and the local appointments made by the committee. It was demy size, and bore the imprint of Mr. Edward Roe. On Saturday, 18th April, 1840, the “N.Z. Gazette” was published in a tent at Pito-one (Petone) Port Nicholson. The editor was
This excellent newspaper referred to Mr. Justice H. S. Chapman, in its issue of 24th June, 1843, in the following terms:—
“Mr. Chapman goes out to New Zealand in a position of conventional influence, as well as actual usefulness, and the high legal office to which he has been elected, to the honour of the Government not less than to his own, will afford him opportunities of carrying out, and encouraging the measures of liberality and sound policy which, when editor of this journal, he so disinterestedly and strenuously advocated. We know that our friends would be better pleased were we to content ourselves with presenting to our readers a mere statement of the proceedings at the public meeting at which the testimonial of his friends was presented to him by the Right Honourable Press of the country.”
On the removal from Pito-one to Thorndon, in 1840, the “Gazette” received the name of the “N.Z. Gazette and Britannia Spectator.” Mr. W. Fox (late Sir William) being editor to 1843. It was re-named the “N.Z. Spectator and Cook Strait Guardian” when the Hon. R. Stokes purchased it some time after. The word “Britannia” was erased, and that of “Wellington” substituted in
The “Colonist and Port Nicholson Advertiser” came to light in 1842.
The “Independent” was published on the 2nd April, 1844. Messrs E. Roe,
The “New Zealand Advertiser” came out in 1859, Messrs. H. Anderson. C. Roe, J. and E. Bull being editors.
The “Evening Post” was first published by Messrs Henry Blundell and Sons and D. Curle, Manners Street, in 1865, and was the first paper “run” in Wellington. It was also the first daily paper published here. Its Christmas number for 1903 shews, on p. 31, a reproduction of the paper published Feb. 8th, 1865; also one for September 26th, 1903. The Wellington public are deeply indebted to the proprietors (Blundell Bros.) for their Christmas numbers, illustrated with pictures of Old Wellington, from 1840 to 1903. A supplementary issue for 1904 was also published.
Amongst its editors were Messrs.
The “Wellington Journal,” under the editorship of Mr. R. Wakelin, lived for a short period.
The “New Zealand Times,” a morning journal, was inaugurated by Mr. Parsons, a civil servant, in 1868. He rented premises from Mr. E. W. Mills. This venture had a brief existence. In 1874,
The “Free Lance” was established by Messrs. Geddis and Blomfield in July, 1900. The silver jubilee number appeared on the 8th July, 1925.
The “Dominion” was founded on the first Dominion Day, 26th September, 1907.
“A project of settlement, suggested by Colonel Nicholls, and matured by Colonel Torrens, was adopted by a London company consisting of Mr. Lambton (now Lord Durham), chairman, Mr. Lyttelton (now Lord Hatherton),
George Lyall Esq .,Stewart Marjoribanks Esq .,Ralph Fenwick Esq .,George Palmer Esq ., Colonel Torrens,Edward Ellice Esq ., the Hon. Courtenay Boyle,J. W. Buckle Esq .,James Pattison Esq ., A. W. Roberts Esq.,George Varlo Esq .,Anthony Gordon Esq .,John Dixon Esq .”
The project failed, after an expenditure of £20,000, through the incapacity of the agent in charge of the expedition. The views of this company were submitted to Mr. Huskisson, then President of the Board of Trade, who highly approved of the undertaking, and promised them the grant of a Royal Charter in case their preliminary expedition should accomplish its object.
The leader of the expedition was alarmed by a war dance of the natives, and, after purchasing some land at Hokianga, abandoned his task. (Wakefield's “Adventure in N.Z.,” p. 3.)
In a work entitled “England and America,” New Zealand had been pointed out as one of the finest fields for colonisation.
A committee of the House of Commons (upon the disposal of waste lands in the British colonies) was sitting on the 27th June, 1836, when
“Very near to Australia there is a country which all testimony concurs in describing as the fittest country in the world for colonisation—as the most beautiful country, with the finest climate and most productive soil. I mean New Zealand. It will be said that New Zealand does not belong to the British Crown, and that is true, but Englishmen are beginning to colonise New Zealand. New Zealand is coming under the Dominion of the British Crown.”
Before the close of 1836, Wakefield and a few private friends, amongst whom were Lord Petre, Mr. Campbell of Islay, Mr. Ferguson of Raith, Mr.
Early in the following spring some additional co-operation having been obtained, the New Zealand Association was founded, of which the first meeting was held on Monday, 22nd May, 1837, at No. 20, Adam Street, Adelphi, where rooms were hired for the use of the Association. Mr. Wakefield presided as chairman, and resolutions were passed founding an association, consisting of two classes of members for those intending to emigrate, who undertook to pay all the expenses (although these ultimately fell upon Wakefield and Dr. Evans alone), and of public men, who, without any pecuniary interest in view to profit, and on public grounds alone, gave up their time and labour to the prosecution of a very arduous national undertaking.
A pamphlet was drawn up and published, and Bills prepared, but the death of His Majesty King William IV. at this juncture, stopped all public proceedings. In the meantime information relating to New Zealand was collected from all quarters. A volume was compiled, and put into circulation in all parts of the kingdom. Mr. Burford was induced to paint a panorama of the Bay of Islands, from drawings procured from
A series of lithograph prints from drawings by the same artist was begun, at the instance of the Association.
Articles appeared in Blackwood's Magazine, and in other publications, highly favourable to the project. A large accession was made to the emigrating members of the society, and a junction effected with the members of the old company of 1825.
The following committee was agreed upon after the union of the societies:—The Hon. Francis Baring M.P. (chairman), the Right Hons. the Earl of Durham and Lord Petre, Hon. W. B. Baring M.P.,
After various troubles and difficulties, during which many new partisans joined the old body of emigrants, an association termed the “New Zealand Colonisation Company” was formed at Messrs. Wright's banking establishment, on 29th August, 1838, and on the 2nd May following the New Zealand Land Company, combining all the preceding societies, was brought before the public through the powerful exertions of Mr. Wakefield, who now resumed the part which had been sustained by others during his absence from England, with Lord Durham, in Canada.
The following information is extracted from the “Colonial Gazette,” 28th August, 1839, printed by
List of Directors: The Earl of Durham, Governor;
The “New Zealand Journal,” 6th June, 1840, contains the report of the first general meeting of shareholders of the company, held at their house in Broad Street Buildings, Thursday, 14th May, 1840.
A special meeting was held on the 15th August, 1840, for the purpose of declaring a dividend. Besides the names mentioned above, the names of Aglionby, Wakefield, Hart, Everingham and Hine appear.
The arrival of ten ships was notified, and the site of the town definitely fixed at Lambton Harbour, being the inner harbour of Port Nicholson.
The “New Zealand Journal” of the 6th June, 1840, has in its list of ships despatched by the company, an announcement that the “Cuba,” 273 tons,
The following article appeared in the “Colonial Gazette,” dated 25th May, 1839:—
“A society has been formed in connection with the New Zealand Land Company, consisting exclusively of heads of families and others intending to settle permanently in New Zealand on lands purchased by the said company. The society already numbers a considerable body of gentlemen who have determined to emigrate with their families and property.…
“Qualifications of a member of the society are the purchase of 100 acres of land; of a member of the committee, 500 acres, including a part of the first town. The greater part of the purchase money to be expended by the company on the emigration of the purchasers, their families and servants. Members admitted by ballot only.
“The colony will depart in a body during August next, so as to reach their destination about mid-summer (in the Southern Hemisphere), when the site of the first town will have been determined and prepared for their reception by a preliminary expedition now on its way to New Zealand. The committee meets daily at the offices of the New Zealand Company, No. 1 Adam Street, Adelphi, where further information may be obtained on application to the chairman of the society.”
A further announcement appeared in the “Colonial Gazette,” dated 15th June, 1839, thus:—
“The directors of the New Zealand Company hereby give notice that they are ready to receive applications for a free passage to the first and principal settlement, from mechanics, gardeners and agricultural labourers, being married, and not exceeding 30 years of age.
“Strict enquiry will be made as to qualifications and character.—John Ward, Secretary.”
The same journal, of the 20th July, 1839, contains a copy of a letter addressed to
“Sir,—I am directed by the Marquis of Normanby to acquaint you that the Lords Commissioners of the Treasury have referred to this department a memorial addressed to their Lordships by the merchant manufacturers, shipowners, and other parties in Glasgow, praying that New Zealand may be erected into a British colony; and I am to request that you will inform the parties who signed the memorial that measures are in progress which will lead to the result which they express their anxiety to see attained.—I am, sir, your obedient servant, H. Labouchere.”
The first object of the New Zealand Company was to induce the Government to erect these islands into a British colony; but, disappointed in their endeavours, they themselves fitted out and despatched to New Zealand a preliminary expedition for the purpose of making purchases of land from the natives, for selecting suitable localities for the sites of settlements, and to prepare for the reception of emigrants on their arrival.
The following announcement appeared in a newspaper called the “New Zealand Gazette,” printed on the 6th September, 1839, at No. 16 Little Pultney Street, St. James, Westminster, and published by
“A specimen number of a newspaper for the first and principal settlement of the New Zealand Company, which, it is supposed, will be at Port Nicholson, in Cook's Straits, is presented to the public.
“It will be found to contain various information interesting to the colony now on the eve of departing, to their friends, and to those who may wish to be acquainted with the principal objects and local circumstances
of the colony, and to the actual proceedings of the colonists to the present time. “The second number will be published in New Zealand as soon after the arrival of the colony as it may be found possible to print it, and which, it is hoped, will be within a fortnight of the disembarkation of the colonists. And as ships pass through Cook's Straits almost daily on their return from Australia to Europe, it is expected that immediate and frequent opportunity will be afforded for transmitting the second and subsequent numbers to England.
“The price of this specimen is 9d., and annual subscription £ 1 10s. in advance.
“Orders received by Mr. D. Ramsay at the New Zealand agency office, and subscription reading rooms, No. 5 Adam Street, Adelphi.”
The advertising columns contain a list of ships, dates of proposed departures, business notices, and a proclamation issued by the directors of the New Zealand Company. A few brief extracts are recorded:—
Shipping.“Oriental,” 506 tons, departs Tuesday, 10th Sept., 1839.
“Aurora,” 550 tons, departs Tuesday, 10th Sept., 1839.
“Adelaide,” 640 tons, departs Tuesday, 10th Sept., 1839.
“Duke of Roxburgh,” 417 tons, leave London, 10th Sept., 1839; leave Plymouth, 14th September.
“Bengal Merchant,” 503 tons, leave London, 10th Sept., 1839; leave Clyde 17th Sept., 1839.
“Charges: First-class cabin, £75; second-class cabin, £50; steerage, £18 15s.
“Two tons of baggage free for first-class passenger; one ton for second-class passenger; and half a ton for steerage passenger.
“Free passage to emigrants consisting of gardeners, agricultural labourers, being married men not exceeding 30 years of age.”
“John Ward, Sec., N.Z.C.”
Some of the advertisements are as follows:—
“D. Ramsay, Agent to the New Zealand Company, for the sale of land; contractor for the supply of portable cottages.”
“Daniell and Riddiford, agents for the management of landed property, purchasers of sale of merchandise, and superintendents of shipping, and other agency business. London correspondents are Buckle, Bagster and Buckle.”
“The Directors of the New Zealand Company are now ready to receive applications for country lands to the extent of 50,000 acres, in sections of 100 acres each, at the price of £100 per section, or £1 per acre, to be paid in full, or in exchange for the land orders, which will entitle the holders thereof, or their agents, to select country sections.…
“The land orders will be transferable at the pleasure of the holders, and a registry will be kept at the Company's offices in London, and in the settlement… 25 per cent, only will be kept reserved by the company for local expenses. The remainder (75 per cent.) will be laid out by the company for the exclusive benefit of the purchasers in giving value to the land.”
Terms of purchase for rural lands in the company's settlement, are here given, also regulations for labourers wishing to emigrate, and a dietary of all but cabin passengers is listed.
The aims of the company are set forth, and an extract from instructions given to Colonel Wakefield, the company's principal agent, in command of the preliminary expedition, also from the Board of Directors to
Captain W. Mein Smith , R.A., the company's Surveyor-General is given.Educational matters are thus referred to:—
“A lady intends to establish a school for the benefit of the children of the aborigines and of the poorer classes of settlers.
“She has purchased one of the preliminary sections of land, which she gives as a perpetual endowment for the purpose, and has taken upon herself the responsibility of guaranteeing the salary for the first year of a master and mistress, with their daughter as an assistant, for whom she has likewise provided free passage and accommodation on arrival in New Zealand.
“The teacher engaged is Mrs. Buchanan, who, during the last twenty years has super-intended the first institution of this kind established in England.
“Three trustees are appointed (names not mentioned). Donations and annual subscriptions will be received by Dr. Evans chairman of the first Committee of Colonists.
“Should these proposals meet with any considerable support, the plan will be extended so as to include an Infant Orphan Asylum for the native children.… . Bankers are Messrs. Hankey and Fenchurch.”
A Literary, Scientific and Philanthropic Institute was formed, with the following committee:
G. S. Evans , Esq., D.C.L. (chairman), Hon. H. Petre, Captain Daniell,Dudley Sinclair , Esq.,Francis Molesworth , Esq., E. Betts Hopper, Esq.,George Duppa , Esq., Eden Bowler, Esq.; bankers, Wright and Co., Henrietta Street, Covent Garden. Its objective was to form a public library, with a general museum and scientific institution, and the establishment of a dispensing hospital for the benefit of the settlers and aboriginals.Another column contained the shipping news, and the outfit required by emigrants.
(Extracts from Garnett's
Wakefield, in his evidence before the Parliamentary Committee of 1840, stated:— “We met and formed a society. The first principle which we laid down was that the society should be rather of a public than of a private character; and that at all events no member of it should have any pecuniary interest in the object in view. The only object of the society was to bring the subject before the public and Parliament, and not to take any part as individuals in what might be the result.”
Garnett, page 141, continues:—“We must distinguish, therefore, between the association formed for the purpose of promoting colonisation, but whose members, united for a public object, were in this capacity entirely disinterested persons, and the body of actual settlers constituted under its auspices. The plan proposed to the Government contemplated the annexation of New Zealand and the entrusting of its administration for ten years to a council elected by the founders, which should have full authority, subject to disallowance by the Colonial Secretary and by Parliament, to whom its proceedings must be reported. The association was indeed an influential body, its first chairman,
Mr. Francis Baring, was of world-wide fame as a banker and merchant prince. Many of the directors were of the same type; others were theoretical colonial reformers, like Buller, Hutt and Molesworth. A man more calculated to impress the popular imagination was then in the background. This was Lord Durham, who returned from his
Mr. Chas. Buller delivered a great speech on colonisation in 1843, and a special proposal was made that the House should resolve itself into a committee to consider the case of the Company, which the Government chose to regard as a vote of censure on the Colonial Secretary. He was author of an able pamphlet on Responsible Government for the Colonies, 1840. (Garnett, pp. 180–258.)
Lord Durham was a director of the first New Zealand Association, 1825. Chairman at the dinner at Lovegrove's Tavern at the West India Docks, and took a very active part in the affairs of the company until his death, 19th July, 1840. (Ibid, pp. 142–183.)
Lord Elliot was chairman in 1840 to a committee of the House of Commons set up to investigate New Zealand questions. His draft report was entirely favourable to the Company, but was rejected by the majority. (Ibid, p. 222.)
Dr. G. S. Evans, together with Dr. Samuel Hinds, represented the New Zealand Company while Wakefield and Lord Durham were in Canada. Dr. Evans, who was a barrister, versed in international law, advanced £1000 towards the expenses of the company. (Ibid, pp. 138–150.)
Right Hon. W. E. Gladstone was a member of the committee of 1840, and had it depended upon him, its proceedings would not have been abortive. He voted for the statesmanlike draft report of the chairman, Lord Elliot, which the majority shelved without putting anything into its place. (Ibid, pp. 248–330–331.)
Dr. Samuel Hinds, later Bishop of Norwhich, associated with Dr. Evans gave a luminous statement of the circumstances under which a civilised State is justified in extending its authority over barbarous countries, and dwelt on the humane intentions of the Association towards the natives. He advocated the proposal of a Bishop for New Zealand, and revived the idea of colonisation by religious bodies. (Ibid, pp. 138–299.)
Sir William Molesworth, an early colonial reformer, was chairman of Committee on Transportation, but opposed the New Zealand Constitution Bill, 1852. (Ibid, pp. 88–330.)
Robert Stephen Rintoul, editor of the “Spectator,” and one of Wakefield's principal supporters. (Ibid, pp. 88–90, 343–345.)
Lord John Russell, as Colonial Secretary, concluded an arrangement with the New Zealand Company, and supported its claims. (Ibid, pp. 201–223, 255–256.)
George Augustus Selwyn, Bishop of New Zealand, was sent out by
Joseph Somes, M.P., succeeded Lord Durham as chairman of the New Zealand Company, 1840. (Ibid, 224.)
William Swainson was appointed the first Attorney-General of New Zealand. He and Sir William Martin, first Chief Judge, went out in the same vessel in 1841, and ere they landed, the two had prepared a legal system adapted for an infant colony, which shortly bore fruit in abundant legislation. (Ibid, pp. 224, 355–356.)
Colonel Torrens, one of the founders of South Australia, was not altogether friendly at first. “But,” he told the Colonial Lands Committee, “I very soon, in discussing the question with the Colonisation Society, removed my opposition. The more I consider, the more I entirely approve. I have a strong and growing conviction that at no distant period the country will have to acknowledge a large debt of gratitude to the author of this plan—that is, to Wakefield.” (Ibid, pp. 90–107.)
Wakefield, Edward Gibbon, eldest son of
While the “Tory” was ploughing the waves, the Company was not idle on shore. Their prospectus had appeared on the 2nd May, 1839, and on the 14th they held a meeting. The most important of the nine items also conveyed the company's apology for its energetic action.
Wakefield wrote to his father in October, 1841, thus: “I have not time to attend to details; almost every hour of my day, to say nothing of nights, from year's end to year's end, being engaged in taking care of the principles and main points of our New
Superior ability and the fact that he was the only director able to devote his whole time to the company, kept him at the head of affairs until his breakdown, in August 1846. After that date no responsibility for any of its doings can be imputed to him.
In a letter addressed to the colonists of Wellington, dated April, 1849, he prophesied that the Company would not survive 1850, and added that its disappearance would be the best thing for New Zealand interests. He had resigned his directorship in preceding January, and consented to have his portrait painted and hung in the Board Room. It was executed by Collins, and was identical in attitude with the daguerreotype which was in the possession of Sir Frederick Young, K.C.M.G., and including his favourite Talbot hounds and pet King Charles. It came into his possession at the dissolution of the company, and was ultimately presented by his son
His niece Alice, daughter of his brother Daniel, and afterwards Mrs. Harold Freeman, was a great deal with him in 1862.
Mrs. Freeman mentions that they moved from the Tinakori house to Wellington Terrace, and Wakefield died there on the 16th May, 1862. She states: “He was laid by the side of two brothers who had been devotedly attached to him—Colonel Wakefield and my father—also my sister. The four graves are close together” (Bolton Street Cemetery, Wellington).
The Colonial Office wars no longer with him; his bust adorns one of its corridors, and his spirit in a great degree animates its policy… . When a movement does arise, whether in South Australia or by the waters of Cook's Strait, it cannot, after due
Wakefield, Edward Jerningham, only son of
Wakefield, William, was the fourth son of
Intellectually, William Wakefield is described by Gisborne (“N.Z. Rulers and Statesmen”) “as a pale copy of his brother.” He made no pretence to originality of genius, but he was as much the hand of the New Zealand Company as Edward Gibbon was its brain. William was a man of close reserve and of that baffling secretiveness which is not synonymous with taciturnity. His manner was attractive, and, in outward appearance, sympathetic, but the inner man was out of sight and hearing. Of medium height, compactly built, fair in appearance and Saxon in appearance and temperament, astute and reticent, and could make himself a very pleasant companion… . His general conduct of affairs attests his eminent talents as an organiser, and his official despatches and journals are excellent reading. These will mostly be found in the appendix to the report of the Parliamentary Committee of 1844. No man had been more fiercely assailed, but he had lived down opposition, and New Zealand has never seen such another funeral procession (1848) as that which accompanied his body to the grave.
Wakefield, Captain Arthur, founder of the settlement of Nelson, was a brother to
Sir Henry George Ward , chairman of the Committee on Colonial Lands, 1839 (Ibid, pp. 126, 221).
George Frederick Young, Esq., M.P., was an active director of the New Zealand Company, 1839, etc. His son, Sir Frederick Young, K.C.M.G., chairman and mainstay of the Royal Colonial Institute, was manager of the shipping department of the Canterbury Association in 1848, and was intimately acquainted with Wakefield. He describes his cottage, near the White Hart Inn at Reigate, meetings with him, on page 324 Garnett's “
A banquet was given to
On Saturday, December 25th, 1841, a New Zealand fete and grand ball was held at Plymouth, in aid of supplying the poorer emigrants with clothing. This was held in the Theatre Royal, which was decorated for the occasion. A view of Lambton Harbour, painted by Mr. Cook, at the end of the stage, and a moving diorama of views and designs furnished by
The sixth report of the Company was published in the “N.Z. Journal,” 15th Oct., 1842. Other names besides those enumerated above, mentioned in the 7th report were:
The 13th report, published in the “N.Z. Journal,” 6th July, 1844, mentions four vacancies in the directorate, viz., Hon.
The 14th report appears in the “N.Z. Journal,” 3rd August, 1844, resolutions 1 to 19. The 16th, do., ibid. 1 Feb., 1845. Fresh names are mentioned in the 17th report, ibid. 15th Feb., 1845:
On page 177 of the “N.Z. Journal” of the 5th July, 1845, will be found the report and division list on the debate in the House of Commons, and motion by
From the time that Edward Gibbon ceased, through ill-health, to take an active part in its affairs, a complete change in the Company's policy was observable. “My incapacity,” Wakefield told the New Zealand Company in 1854, “changed the whole character of the direction, which then fell into the hands of a few persons in whose minds sound principles of colonization and Colonial Government were as nothing compared with pounds, shillings and pence. They sold the honour of the Company, and the interest of the Colony for money. The arrangement to come through Parliamentary obligation upon New Zealand to recompense the Company for its losses.” The arrangement so decried by Wakefield was concluded in May, 1847. A scheme prepared by
Sir Frederick Young, K.C.M.G., whose father was an active director of the Company, from 1839, found himself frequently in communication with Mr. Wakefield. He stated that Mr. Wakefield exercised a powerful influence over all who came within his sphere, and especially over young men. His manner was striking and most persuasive. There was a peculiar fascination about him that inspired one with confidence in his views.
The 24th report of the directors appeared in the “N.Z. Journal” of the 3rd June, 1848, and the issue of the 17th June, 1848, contains the proclamation of the new charter (Sir Geo. Grey, Governor-in-Chief, and
The Special Court of Proprietors met 15th October, 1847, for the purpose of authorising a loan from the High Treasurer the sum of £136,000.
An account of the N.Z. Company's Land Conveyance Act, 1st August, 1849, is in the issue of the “N.Z. Journal,” 8/9/1849.
The “N.Z. Journal” of the 17th March, 1849, copied an article from the Wellington “Independent,” regarding New Zealand Co's. shares, old series, at an auction mart, Auckland, viz., “The 40 shares, old series, N.Z. Company were sold for £7 10/- and £8 per share. Town acre 223, with Hutt sec. No. 29, was sold for £115; do. 534, 770 and 875, with sec. No. 28, Kinapora District, and 169 and 170, Manawatu, were sold for £55 each.” It adds: “So much for the grasping absentee who holds his land when he could get three or four times the price for it in the Colony and, when pinched, is forced to sacrifice it at Home. Tradition says that Queen Mary died of grief for the loss of Calais. How would Queen Victoria take the loss of her colonies?”
Mr. Aglionby occupied the chair at the annual general meeting of the Company, 31st May, 1849, held at Broad Street. In addition to the names of members mentioned in other reports are the following: Messrs. J.
The “Australian and N.Z. Gazette,” London, October 19, 1850, announces the dissolution of the Company, commenting thus:—“There are few persons interested in Colonial matters but must regret the dissolution of a body of men who have effected so much for colonization generally as has the New Zealand Company.”
Notification of the review of
Grimstone's “Southern Settlements of N.Z.” contains (p. 40) the following information regarding employment, viz.:—“Agricultural, including labourers and servants, 521; domestic servants, 110; trades, 405; mariners, 55; merchants and storekeepers, 99; fishery trade (proportion for Wellington), 300; medical practitioners, 13; clergymen and priests, 6; legal profession, 9; other professions and trades, 73; employed by the Government, 29.
Extracts from a letter to
Wellington, N.Z., 9th July, 1843.—I have taken this opportunity to write to you, my dear sir, after having two years' experience in the Colony… . I hope Minerd and Stack and all my fellow servants are well… . Most part of the gentlemen that come out here take great delight in walking the beach and smoking their cigars, instead of cultivating the land. If they will shew
Professions and Trades, up to 31st Aug., 1843.—Capitalists farming their own land 45, do. employing labourers 86, farm labourers and servants 339, domestic servants 33, lawyers of all grades 12, medical practitioners 13, clergymen and priests 5, merchant traders and auctioneers 42, schoolmasters 4, clerks 28, Government officers and constables 24, company officers 19, whalers and sailors 42, gentlemen 19, private surveyors 7, storekeepers 31, butchers 20, bakers 15, hotelkeepers and publicans 18, fishmongers 2, plumbers, painters and glaziers 15, coffee houses and milkmen 5, millers and brewers 9, tinmen 3, hairdresser 1, tailors 15, shoemakers 35, currier 1, carpenters 109, watchmakers 4, blacksmiths 16, printers 14, coopers 5, gunsmith 1, turners 2, ropemakers 4, cabinetmakers 18, chemist and druggist 1, journeymen and apprentices 19, mill and wheelwrights 4, brickmakers 16, boatmen 27, sawyers 64, shinglers 8, shipwrights 12, sailmakers 3, tallow chandlers 2, boat builders 3, masons, brickmakers and plasterers 28, flax dresser 1, carmen 3, bookbinder 1, milliners and bonnet makers 5, washing and needlework 3, engineers 3, saddlers 2, ginger beer maker 1, shepherds and stockmen 5, dyers 2, gardens and agriculture upon day work 37; total, 1247. Female domestics 33, schoolmistresses 4, boarding-house keeper 1, painters 3, tapster (Barrett's Hotel) 1. This return includes all the male population above 14 years.
Professions and Trades in 1845 were:—Agricultural, including labourers and servants, 110 domestic servants, 405 at trades, 55 mariners, 99 merchants and storekeepers, fishers 300 (proportion for Wellington), 13 medical practitioners, 6 clergymen and priests, 9 in the legal profession, 73 other professions and trades, 29 employed by the Government.
Cobb Houses. Reference has been made, in other portions of this work, to the native built “whares” and the “wattle and daub” houses built in the early days. The “N.Z. Journal,” 29th August, 1846, published a letter, in which it states that: “Cobb houses are drier than any other, and there is a Devon man that constructs cobb walls at
Reference has also been made, on another page, to some of the earliest businesses carried on in the settlement in the early forties. The “Independent,” dated 5th April, 1845, contains the following advertisement:—“To be sold cheap, Hawkestone Street—a house of 4 rooms and passage, ground floor; sheds, 2 bedrooms, and loft; 1 acre leased at £12 per annum. Apply owner:
The same newspaper, in its issue of the 17th January, 1857, announced in its advertising columns that tenders would be received for the erection of the House of General Assembly and Provincial Government Offices, Wellington, until noon of Monday, 2nd February, 1857. The site for the proposed buildings to be on the high ground at the rear of the Supreme Court. The signature of Wm. Fitzherbert was appended. (Fig. 282.)
Photographic Portraits. Mr. Davis, of Lambton Quay, near the Baron's Hotel, advertised, on the 19th May, 1858, that he “executes coloured and truthful portraits on glass, resembling miniatures on ivory. Also portraits on paper, which may be sent in letters to England or elsewhere without injury. Terms moderate. N.B.—Weather of no consequence.” (“Independent.”)
Cobb and Co's. coaches ran from Wellington along the West Coast to Whanganui twice a week. The fares were £3.
Following is an alphabetical list of occupations and the number employed thereon in 1866:—Agents 2, architects and surveyors 5, attorneys, solicitors, etc. 6, auctioneers 7, bakers and confectioners 19, barrister 1, blacksmiths, farriers, etc. 11, boarding and lodging houses, etc., 9, boilermaker 1, bookbinders 2, booksellers, stationers and music sellers 5, boot and shoemakers 28, brewers 3, bricklayers 6, brickmakers 6, builders and carpenters 91, butchers 12, cabinetmakers 16, chemists and druggists 4, coachbuilders 3, contractor 1, cooper 1, cutler 1, dairymen 4, dentist 1, drapers 19, dressmakers and milliners, etc., 6, dyer 1, engineers 10, engraver and lithographer 1, fancy repoistory dealer 1, fellmongers 2, founders 2, fruiterers and greengrocers 3, furniture dealers etc. 2, general dealers 3, ginger beer, cordial and aerated water manufacturers 5, grocers 10, gunmaker 1, hairdressers 3, ironmongers 6, interpreter 1, lightermen 5, livery stables 3 (Prosser & Pearce, Lambton Quay, Pickard & Hamerish, Lambton Quay, and Prosser & Fraser, Manners Street), merchants and importers 28, millers 4, musician 1, oil and colour man (W. F. Mason, Lambton Quay), painters and plumbers 21, photographers 3, pianoforte tuner 1, printers 18, registrar for births, marriages and deaths (
The writer has been informed that more than one person claims the right to be considered the pioneer of reclamation in Wellington. He recalls his boyhood days, and his mind's eye visualises the scenes graphically recounted by his father, when in a reminiscent mood, that occurred in the early days of Wellington, and remembers being told that
“Between the precipice at Clay Point and the water there was just a narrow road, and Willis Street was sharply cut off from Lambton Quay. The corner was held in little esteem, and was purchased by the late Mr. G. Bennett (
Although the City of Wellington, with the exception of the land that has been reclaimed, was laid out in the first instance by the surveyors employed by the New Zealand Company, the principal part of the settlement was along what is now known as Lambton Quay and Thorndon. The curve of the first-named thoroughfare pretty accurately indicates what was then the beach, the water coming up to the base of the hill behind the old Supreme Court (Bank N.S.W.), thence to the site occupied by the New Zealand “Times” newspaper office, Lambton Quay. A portion of the old wooden breastwork which kept back the tide in those days, was exposed when the workmen were engaged in the excavation of a trench in which to lay the pipes from the new Wainui-o-mata water supply. The first attempt at reclamation was from the back of Barber's butchery, at the junction of Old Customhouse Street and Willis Street (Shortt's Theatre), as far as Pearce's store, and the next reclamation extended as far as Harbour Street. Next, the area was extended up to Mills' Foundry. After this the Government reclaimed the land upon which the Government Buildings now stand. (The writer was told that some of the Government officials helped in the good work by throwing “dead marines,” in the shape of beer and ink bottles, out of the windows into the sea.) Later on a contract was let for the reclamation of forty-nine and a half acres extending from Mills' Foundry to Pipitea Point, which included the site of the present railway station. The material for the forty-nine acres was obtained from the face of a hill on the Hutt Road, close to Pipitea Point. Some of the land realised handsome prices when submitted to sale by auction, the highest price paid being £154 per foot (Bishop's “Guide to Wellington,” 1883, p. 6).
A chronological list of reclamations, giving locality and approximate areas, is as follows:—
1852—Willis Street, Mercer Street, Chew's Lane, Bonds. 1857-63—Bank N.Z., corner Willis Street and Lambton Quay (Noah's Ark site), Harris Street to Grey Street, 7 acres. 1859—Oddfellows' Hall site. 1864—Foresters' Lodge site. 1865—Messrs.
The following advertisement appeared in the “N.Z. Gazette,” and Wellington “Spectator,” dated 2nd April, 1841:—
“Notice!—Persons desirous of being married by the
Rev. John Macfarlane , first minister of the Scotch Church in New Zealand, are requested to register their names with the undersigned at latest, the Saturday previous to the ceremony, in order to proclamation of banns on the Sabbath; and persons desirous of having their children baptised must previous thereto, give the requisite information in order to register.—Robert R. Strang , solicitor and registrar for the Scotch Church. Woolcombe Street, 24th March, 1841.”
Grimstone's “Southern Settlements of New Zealand” gives the number of births in Port Nicholson as 210, up to the year 1846.
A list of names of some of those born in the Wellington district between the years 1839 to 1866 is here given:—
The following marriage notices are extracted from the newspapers of the day—from 1840 to 1866:—
Name of parent, relationship, age, and cause of death.
(From the “N.Z. Journal,” 16th Dec., 1848, p. 290.)
The following death notices have been taken from the newspapers of the day, dating from 1840 to 1866:—
Many persons were squatting on the public lands, under the impression that they would be allowed to remain unmolested for several years. This was an error into which they would not have fallen had they examined the conditions upon which the lands about the town were presented by the New Zealand Company to the community. The most prominent condition was that these lands were at no time to be built upon.
A time would come when it would be most desirable to have large open spaces about the town, and if they were appropriated, a vested right might spring up which might be unsurmountable hereafter.
The “N.Z. Gazette,” and “Wellington Spectator” thus warned persons squatting on reserves and throwing their money away in building on what, they termed, would prove to them a bed of sand.
—Old Sea Song.
The above lines were written, and sometimes roared with lurid embellishments and variations, with other sea songs or “chantys” by the sailors while raising the anchor, etc., in the days when canvas reigned supreme on the seas.
Some of the immigrants who took passage for a voyage from London, Liverpool, or the Clyde, which occupied six months in a crowded “wind-jammer”—and no luxuries —acquired a certain amount of nautical knowledge before they landed in New Zealand. They knew how to reef, set sail, beat to windward, and express themselves in sailor slang. They experienced the intolerable heat and tedium of lying becalmed, when the equatorial sun melted the pitch in the deck seams.
Life-long friendships, in which joy and sorrow were shared, were cemented during these voyages, and the term: “They were shipmates of ours,” was invariably heard when “old-timers” met in reminiscential conversation.
Before proceeding with the arrival of the first ships at Port Nicholson, the writer proposes to deal briefly with a few events prior to the successful issue of the scheme of colonisation carried out by the New Zealand Company, of 1837.
These events, chronologically arranged, though of no immediate connection with Wellington, relate to New Zealand generally, and occurred before the Pito-one colonists landed, but are of historical interest.
There appears on the Admiralty chart of the Indian Ocean (1827) a marginal note: “New Zealand discovered and named by Tasman in 1642, but whose eastern coast was known to the Portuguese about the year 1550.” Against Cook Strait are the words “Gulf of Portuguese.” (Brett's “Early History of N.Z.,” p. 3.)
In an article written for the “Post” Christmas number, 1904, the writer has mentioned that the name of New Zealand was found for the first time on a Dutch map, dated 1646.
On the 16th October, 1769, Captain James Cook first saw New Zealand, and passed Kapiti Island on the 14th January, 1770. On the 8th of February, 1770, he rounded Cape Palliser, named by him in honour of his friend, Captain Palliser.
On Tuesday, 2nd November, 1773, Captain Cook sailed from Cloudy Bay across the Strait. In his journal he writes: “We discovered on the east side of Cape Tierawhiti (Terawhiti or Tarawhiti), a new inlet I had never observed before. I resolved to put into this place, or to anchor in the bay which lies before it. At one o'clock we reached the entrance of the inlet (Chaffer's Passage, Wellington Harbour), just as the tide of ebb was making out. The wind being likewise against us, we anchored in twelve fathoms of water; the bottom a fine sand.
“The easternmost of the black rocks (Barrett's Reef) which lie on the starboard side of the entrance of the inlet, bore N. by E. one mile
About the year 1817,
Other references may be found in
In June, 1820, Bellinghausen the Russian voyager, passed through Cook's Strait, but did not visit Port Nicholson, nor did he mention it.
On the 26th February, 1824, the ship “Urania” (Captain Reynolds) lay becalmed in Cook Strait, when
The “Samuel” was anchored in Cook Strait on the 31st July, 1824, the locality was not specified, when the captain and five men were murdered by the natives. (Elsdon Best, in Wellington Harbour Board Year Book, 1919, pp. 54 and 57.)
Reference is made to Herd's expedition in Hocken's “Early History of New Zealand,” in which he states: “About sixty settlers were brought out in the ‘Rosanna’ (Captain Herd) in 1826. The settlers were so alarmed at the attitude of the natives, that they induced the captain to take them to Sydney.” Further references are to be found in McNab's “Murihuku” (1909, p. 364.
The “Rosanna” (1826), Capt. Herd, entered the harbour and supplied some notes on it for Vol. I. of the Nautical Almanac. (“Here all the navies of Europe might ride in perfect security.”)
Lambton Harbour was not named after the cutter “Lambton,” but after Mr. Lambton who was afterwards the Earl of Durham.
The “Haweis,” Captain Nicholson, called when returning from the Society Islands laden with pork and coconut oil.
1827. The warships “Warspite” and “Volage” passed through Cook Straits.
Mana Island was once called Warspite Island.
D'Urville passed Cook Straits and unsuccessfully attempted to make Port Nicholson.
Mar. 16, 1832. H.M.S. “Zebra” arrived at Kapiti Island from Sydney and passed through Cook's Strait on her way to Tahiti.
1833. The “Speculator” arrived, and got into trouble with natives. The “Waterloo” was wrecked near Waikanae.
“I shall not state the year in which I first saw the mountains of New Zealand appear above the sea; there is a false suspicion getting about that I am growing old. This must be looked down, so I will at present avoid dates.… I have not got on shore yet—a thing I must accomplish as a necessary preliminary to looking about me and telling what I saw.… I must get on shore, which, I am surprised to find, was easier to do than to describe. The little ship neared the land, and as we came closer and closer I began in a most unaccountable manner to remember all the tales I had ever heard of people being baked in ovens, with cabbages and potato ‘fixin's.’… I felt, to say the least, rather curious as to the then existing demand on shore for butcher's meat.
“The ship sailed on, and I went below and loaded my pistols—not that I expected at all to conquer the country with them, but somehow I could not help it. We soon came to anchor in a fine harbour before the house of the very first settler who had entered it, and to this time he was the only one.… Shortly after we came to anchor, a boat came off, in which was the settler I have mentioned, and also the principal chief of the tribe of natives inhabiting this part of the country. Mr. —– gave me a hearty welcome, and an invitation to his house.
“The boat of friend —– being about to return to the shore, I plucked up courage, and, having secretly felt the priming of my pistols under my coat, got into the boat.… . For the honour and glory of the British nation I had dressed myself in one of my best suits. My frock-coat was, I fancy, ‘the thing,’ my waistcoat was the result of much and deep thought in cut, colour and material; my hat looked down criticism, and my whole turnout was such as I calculated would astonish the natives. The boat nears the shore, and now arises from a hundred voices the call of welcome: “Haere mai, Haere mai; hoe mai, hoe mai” (come here). Mats, hands and certain ragged peticoats were put into requisition to the Maori salute, I disliked the sound. There was a wailing melancholy cadence that did not strike me as being the appropriate tone of welcome.
I began, as the boat approached the shore, to ask myself whether possibly this “Haere mai” might not be the Maori for ‘dilly, dilly, come and be killed.’ We were close to the shore; and so, putting on the most unconcerned countenance possible, I prepared to make my entree into Maoriland in a proper and dignified manner. The boat darts on, she touches the edge of a steep rock. The ‘haere-mai’ has subsided; six or seven personages—the magnates of the tribe—come gravely to the front to meet me as I land. There are about six or seven yards of shallow water to be crossed between the boat and where they stand. A stout fellow rushes to the boat's nose, and ‘shows a back,’ as we used to say at leap frog; he is ready to carry the pakeha on shore—the Rangitira pakeha, who wears a real koti-roa (a long coat) and beaver hat. Having stepped in as dignified a manner as I knew how from thwart to thwart, till I came to the bow of the boat, and having
1834.—The “
1835.—The “Rodney” (Captain Harewood) and the “Caroline” (Captain Cherry) were in port. “Jolly Rambler,” the latter part of the year.
1837.—H.M.S. “Rattlesnake” (Captain Hobson) visited Cook Strait, but did not mention the port. (Baillie Rec., p. 700).
1837.—
1839.—“Columbine” arrived Whanganui; Rev. Taylor passenger (Wakefield, p. 590).
1839.—“Tory” (described elsewhere).
22/9/1839 to 29/9/1839.—Captain Chaffers surveyed the harbour and collected data for the working of charting it.
The following is a list of ships despatched by the Company since the date of its formation, and published with the first report
of the directors (the 14th May, 1840) in the “N.Z. Journal,” 6th June, 1840, and the 24th April, 1841:—
- 5/5/1839—London,
Tory, 382 tons, 6 passengers,Capt. E. M. Chaffers .- 1/8/1839—London,
Cuba, 273tons, 30 passengers, Capt. J. Newcombe.- 13/9/1839—London,
Oriental, 506 tons, 155 passengers, Capt. W. Wilson.- 18/9/1839—London,
Aurora, 550 tons, 138 passengers, Capt. T. Heale.- 18/9/1839—London,
Adelaide, 640 tons, 186 passengers, Capt. W. Campbell.- 5/10/1839—Plymouth,
Duke of Roxburgh, 417 tons, 167 passengers, Capt. Jas. Thomson.- 20/10/1839—London,
Glenbervie, 387 tons, 5 passengers, Capt. Wm. Black.- 30/10/1839—Glasgow,
Bengal Merchant, 503 tons. 160 passengers,Capt. John Hemery .- 19/11/1839—London,
Bolton, 540 tons, 232 passengers,Capt. J. P. Robinson .- 13/12/1839—London,
Coromandel, 662 tons, 44 passengers, Capt. E. French.- 16/2/1840—London,
Brougham, 227 tons (store ship), Capt. G. Kettlewell.- 24/2/1840—London,
Platina, 303 tons (store ship), Capt. M. Wycherley.- 5/7/1840—London,
, 121 tons, 199 passengers,Martha Ridgway Capt. J. F. Bisset .- 13/8/1840—London,
London, Capt. H. Shuttleworth.- 25/8/1840—London,
Blenheim, 374 tons,Capt John Grey (Moses Campbell on Register).- 14/9/1840—London,
Slains Castle, Capt. Jas. Petrie.- 21/10/1840—London,
Lady Nugent, 600 tons, Capt. Santry (Capt. Martin on Register).- 8/12/1840—London,
Olympus, 500 tons, Capt. White.- 23/12/1840—London,
Ballev, 140 tons, Capt. Sinclair.- 5/1/1841—London,
, 444 tons, Capt. Jas Crow.Lord William Bentinck - 5/2/1841—London,
,Katherine Stewart Forbes Capt. John Hobbs (peter Elder on Register).- 6/4/1841—London,
Tyne, 500 tons, Capt. Chas. Robertson.- 20/4/1841—Gravesend,
Prince Rupert, 400 tons,Capt. H. E. Atkinson .The “N.Z. Journal” announced, in its issue of the 22nd January, 1842, that the barque “Tyne” (Captain Robertson) sailed from London, and left the Downs on the 9th April, 1841, with the following passengers on board:—Messrs. Wm. Martin, Wm. Swainson, Birley, Reeve, Prandreth, Jas. Tnnes and Mr. and Mrs. Outhwaite.
The New Zealand “Journal,” London, dated 2nd October, 1841 (page 248, in
Sir Frederick Chapman 's collection) contains a shipping table of arrivals at the Port, as under:—The letters after the names of the ships mean b (barque), br (brig), c (cutter), s (schooner), sh (ship).
|
Date. | Ship. | Tons. | |
1839— | | | |
Sept. | | Tory (b) Chartered by the New Zealand Company.
382 | |
Nov. | Hokianga (s) | 75 | |
Dec. 4 | Success (c) | 80 | |
Dec. | Aquilla (c) | 40 | |
1840— | | | |
Jan. 1 | Cuba (b) | 270 | |
Jan. | Elizabeth (br) | 196 | |
Jan. 24 | | Aurora (b) 550 | |
Jan. 24 | | Susannah Anne (s)79 | |
Jan. 24 | Eleanor (b) | 152 | |
Jan. 31 | | Oriental (b) 506 | |
Feb. 8 | | Duke of Roxburgh (b) 417 | |
Feb. 20 | | Bengal Merchant (b) 503 | |
Feb. 20 | | Guide (br) 147 | |
Feb. 25 | Lunar (br) | 165 | |
Feb. 25 | Atlas (br) | 136 | |
Mar. 4 | | Cuba (b) 270 | |
Mar. 7 | | Adelaide (sh) 640 | |
Mar. 7 | | Glenbervie (b) 387 | |
Mar. 8 | Tory (b) | 380 | |
Mar. 10 | Lady Lilford (sh) | 596 | |
Mar. 20 | Nimrod (br) | 174 | |
Mar. 21 | | Earl Stanhope (sh)350 | |
Mar. 29 | Hannah (s) | 90 | |
Mar. 29 | Integrity (b) | 220 | |
Apr. 5 | Middlesex (sh) 6 | 564 | |
Apr. 18 | | Cuba (b) 273 | |
Apr. 19 | Ariel (s) | 150 | |
Apr. 19 | Harriett (c) | 45 | |
Apr. 21 | Bolton (b) | 540 | |
Apr. 22 | | Sally Anne (s)70 | |
Apr. 28 | Surprise (s) | 30 | |
May 3 | Justine (b) | 265 | |
May 11 | Black Joke (b) | 20 | |
May 17 | Jewess (s) | 57 | |
May 29 | Bee (br) | 136 | |
May 29 | | Sally Anne (s)70 | |
May 30 | Martha (br) | 127 | |
June 2 | Surprise (s) | 30 | |
June 2 | Integrity (b) | 220 | |
June 8 | Speculator (br) | 97 | |
June 10 | Hope (sh) | 400 | |
June 13 | Nimrod (br) | 150 | |
June 13 | Lady Leith (br) | 149 | |
June 15 | Hannah (s) | 90 | |
June 20 | Herald, H.M.S. | 400 | |
June 23 | Hannah (s) | 90 | |
June 25 | | Brougham (b) 227 | |
July 5 | Martha (br) | 121 | |
July 6 | | Platina (b) 303 | |
July 8 | Eleanor (b) | 192 | |
July 13 | | Cuba (b) 270 | |
July 13 | Lady Leith (br) | 149 | |
July 19 | Surprise (s) | 30 | |
July 20 | | Sally Anne (s)70 | |
July 22 | Portenia (br) | 220 | |
July 22 | Hannah (s) | 90 | |
July 24 | Jane (sc) | 15 | |
Aug. 4 | Success (s) | 80 | |
Aug. 16 | | Brougham (b) 227 | |
Aug. 17 | Harriett (s) | 90 | |
Aug. 19 | Black Joke (s) | 20 | |
Aug. 21 | Kate (s) | 62 | |
Aug. 29 | Cosmopolite (sh) | 500 | |
Aug. 30 | Coromandel (sh) | 780 | |
Sept. 3 | | Britomart, H.M.S. 270 | |
Sept. 4 | Lady Leith (b) | 149 | |
Sept. 9 | Jewess (s) | 57 | |
Sept. 12 | Eleanor (b) | 192 | |
Sept. 15 | Essington (s) | 150 | |
Sept. 25 | Cheerful (s) | 120 | |
Sept. 25 | Lunar (br) | 97 | |
Sept. 28 | Surprise (s) | 30 | |
Sept. 29 | Jane (s) | 15 | |
Oct. 3 | Hannah (s) | 90 | |
Oct. 8 | | Sally Anne (s)70 | |
Oct. 9 | Elizabeth (s) | 75 | |
Oct. 13 | Magnet (b) | 148 | |
Oct. 20 | Fair Barbadian (s) | 130 | |
Oct. 20 | Essington (s) | 150 | |
Oct. 20 | Africaine (b) | 600 | |
Oct. 20 | Hannah (s) | 90 | |
Oct. 30 | | Brougham (b) 227 | |
Nov. 5 | Favourite, H.M.S. | 300 | |
Nov. 7 | Emigrant America (b) | 180 | |
Nov. 9 | | Susannah Anne (s)70 | |
Nov. 9 | Elizabeth (s) | 75 | |
Nov. 14 | Eleanor (b) | 192 | |
Nov. 14 | | Martha Redgway (sh)621 | |
Nov. 14 | | Sally Anne (s)70 | |
Nov. 17 | Cheerful (s) | 120 | |
Nov. 17 | Surprise (s) | 30 | |
Nov. 17 | Royal George | 30 | |
Nov. 19 | Jane (s) | 15 | |
Nov. 23 | Black Joke (s) | 20 | |
Dec. 1 | | Sally Anne (s)70 | |
Dec. 2 | Morley | 600 | |
Dec. 3 | Heron (Chilian brig) | 200 | |
Dec. 5 | | Cuba (b) 270 | |
Dec. 12 | | London (sh) 700 | |
Dec. 12 | Elizabeth (s) | 75 | |
Dec. 13 | Patriot | 189 | |
Dec. 14 | Jane (s) | 15 | |
Dec. 16 | Emigrant American (b) | 130 | |
Dec. 18 | Kate (s) | 76 | |
Dec. 20 | Jewess (sc) | 57 | |
Dec. 23 | Magnet (b) | 148 | |
Dec. 24 | St. Marie (br) | 98 | |
Dec. 27 | | Blenheim (b) 374 | |
Dec. 28 | Dolphin (s) | — | |
1841— | | | |
Jan. 7 | Lord Sidmouth (b) | 196 | |
Jan. 10 | Surprise (s) | 30 | |
Jan. 22 | | Mary Taylor (br)200 | |
Jan. 22 | Elizabeth (s) | 75 | |
Jan. 24 | | Brougham (b) 227 | |
Jan. 25 | Royal George (s) | — | |
Jan. 25 | | Slains Castle (b) 550 | |
Jan. 25 | St. Marie (br) | 98 | |
Jan. 27 | Sisters (br) | 96 | |
Jan. 28 | Lapwing (s) | 75 | |
Jan. 30 | Jane (s) | 75 | A brief summary of ships arriving at the port in the early days compiled from information obtained from various sources, is herewith enumerated.
Some of the information is taken from biographical notes of settlers extracted from the “Cyclopaedia of N.Z.” (Wellington No.).
In such cases only the person referred to is mentioned as passenger, but a clue is given to indicate the year of the ship's arrival.
The ships' tonnages and sources of further information are given in parentheses.
Grimstone's “Southern Settlements,” p. 58, gives a return, showing the number of vessels built and wrecked between 1840 and 1845. In 1841, two were built. 32 tons; 1842, nine, 138 tons; 1843, two, 71 tons; 1844, four, 61 tons; 1845, five, 98 tons, Total, 22 built, 400 tons.
The American ship “Elbe,” wrecked, Palliser Bay, 1840. Ships “David” and “Winwick”; the barque “Tyne” wrecked at Sinclair Head.
Her passengers for the second trip, arriving 9th February, 1842, were Messrs. S.
In going through the French Pass, she had been swept by the violent tide, rushing through the narrow channel, on a shoal not marked on the French charts, which were the only ones yet existing of that part of the coast. At low tide she had been left on the ledge almost on her beam ends, but was got off with but little injury; and reached Nelson in safety.
She also bumped on a rock in the north entrance of Astrolabe Roads, but, being an old teak built Calcutta pilot vessel, she had received no injury.
On the 5th of May the “Brougham” sailed for London with a full cargo of oil and whalebone, and several passengers. Among these was Captain Chaffers who was independent enough to sign the petition for Captain Hobson's recall. His services as Harbour Master had been declined by the Government, while they refused even to authorise his acting in the pay of the Company, and neglected to appoint an officer in his stead. He was tendered a testimonial signed by seventy of the most respectable of the settlers, and a sum of money to purchase a piece of plate in England. The other passengers were persons like Mr. Petre and
Shipping Lists, 1842–1844. The Port Nicholson shipping list, containing arrivals, etc., at the port from the 2nd of April, 1842, to the 1st of April 1843 (numbered 357 to 632), and 1st May, 1843 to 1844 (numbered 633 to 876) may be seen in the supplement to the “N.Z. Gazette” and “Britannia Spectator,” lodged in the Alexander Turnbull Library.
The Journal of the “Early Settlers” (Vol. 1, No. 3) mentions that the bell of the brigantine “Subraon” was recovered by Sir Win. Fitzherbert and presented to St. James' Church, Lower Hutt. When the new church was built, the bell was placed in the belfry of St. Augustine's Church school room at Petone, and was used since 1913.
H.M.S. Acheron. The “Weekly Press” Diamond Jubilee number (30/5/1928) shows in its pages a sketch of H.M.S. “Acheron” at Port Chalmers in 1848. She brought out the first British settlers for Otago.
1853—“Panama Fleet.” 1854—“Dodo,” Danl. Wakefield; “New Era.” Peter Bell, G. Brown. 1855—“William and Jane,”
1859—“Canard,” E. Snelgrove; “Midlothian,” W. Mowbray; “Wild Duck,” Cap. Babot, D'Ath and Lusac. 1862—“Stormbird”; “Asterope,” J. D. Tripe. 1863—Panama, N.Z. and Australian Royal Mail Co. (“Evening Post,” 7/2/1925). 1864–“Mallard,”
G. Turnbull and Co. owned the “Alexa” (425 tons), and “May” (237 tons); agents for Shaw, Savill and Albion Co., and others. Captain Williams owned the Black Diamond Line, and Colliers, Johnston and Co. owned the “Go Ahead.” Mr. E. Pearce owned the “Aurora” (schooner); Mr. J. Dransfield the “Conference” and “Malay”; Messrs. Levin and Co. owned the “Kiwi,” and were agents for other steamers. Messrs. Waddell, McLeod and Weir owned the “Sarah Pile” (timber vessel). Messrs. Stewart and Co. owned the “Kentish Lass.” The N.Z. Shipping Co. carried on an extensive trade between the port and London. The Anchor Line owned the steamers “Chas. Edward,” “Kennedy,” “Wallace” and “Murray” (Wellington Almanac for 1883).
Tyser Line was established about 1891 (“Cyclopaedia N.Z.,” Vol. 1, p. 790); Huddart Parker Line, 1893, ibid, p. 775; Levin and Co., 1897, ibid, p. 776; Shire Line, 1897, ibid, p. 790; Steam Packet Co., 1897, ibid, p. 795; U.S.S. Co., 1897, ibid, p. 790. The American Fleet visited Wellington in 1925. The “Carinthia,” 1925 (Evening “Post,” 24/12/25).
An article, “Brigs and Schooners,” Wellington's old-time shipping, may be seen in the “Free Lance, 12th August, 1925.
The H.M.S. Hood visited Wellington in 1926, and the oil tanker “Plume” arrived at Miramar Wharf, 26th January, 1927. See “Life on an Oil Tanker,” in “Dominion,” 26/7/1927.
An article, entitled “Posted Missing,” and compiled by Mr. M. Campbell for the “Evening Post,” 20th April, 1929, p. 10,
“Where lies the land to which the ships would go? Far, far ahead is all her seamen know And where the land she travels from? away, Far, far behind is all that they can say.”
(Canterbury “Times,” on Old N.Z.):—
Town of Wellington.—350: Chiefs Wi Tako, Mohi, Ngaponga. Purutu. Pakuahi, Moturoa and Wairarapa.
Port of Wellington.—290: Chiefs Te Puni, Watene and Puakawe.
Hutt.—350: Chiefs Kapara.
Wairarapa.—250: Chiefs Wereta, Himona and Pita. (Grimstone's Southern Settlements N.Z., pp. 39–43).
Buildings. The “N.Z. Gazette,” published at Port Nicholson, 1840, contains the following advertisement:—
“To be Sold.—A new wooden house, by Manning; 33ft. by 18ft., making five rooms, 8ft. high in the clear; two French windows, roller blinds, locks, etc., complete. Apply:
Mr. P. Thompson, manufacturer, New Road, Regents Park, advertised, in the “N.Z. Journal” on June 5, 1841, that he had “permanent houses for sale for the colony, consisting of framed studs with inside and outside boards, boarded floors, ceilings and roofs; doors and glazed windows complete, packed up for shipmént, well adapted for colonists, from their moderate cost, great portability, facility of erection and real comfort; plans and models on exhibition.”
Steam, saw, and grist mills were put into operation by Mr. E. Catchpool at this time (19/3/42). Logs were being brought from the Hutt. This was believed to be the first steam mill erected in New Zealand.
1844.—Draught and farm horses, many of them used for pleasure horses, 129; grazing cattle, 1394; sheep, 4823; goats, 158; swine innumerable; heads of poultry, 5060; asses and mules, 3; working oxen, 60.
Extract from Grimstone's “Southern Settlements,” p. 84:—
Area—327 square miles. Population—2134 males, 1843 females; total 3977. Population to the square mile—12.16. Agriculture and live stock, etc., 1523 acres under crop; 265 horses; 3483 horned cattle; 19,461 sheep. There were 501 persons employed in agriculture. The cost of clearing and cropping per acre is set down as £5 to £10. Trade and commerce—Value of imports, £59,415; value of exports, £31,281; number of ships, 47; inwards direct, 8362 tons; number of ships, 44; outward direct, 7326 tons; coastwise inwards, 5948 tons; coastwise outwards, 6847 tons. Revenue—£7628. Expenditure—£22,713 (this includes Whanganui, then called “Petre.” Churches and chapels, 7; schools, 16; scholars, 525. Crime—11 acquitted, 19 convictions.
Houses and shops, etc. The number of houses in the town and detached villages, according to the “N.Z. Journal,” 17th Feb., 1844, were:—386 European, 491 native (24 warehouses and shops not included in the above), 8 forges and workshops, 3 wind, water and steam mills, 10 public buildings, estimated cost of habitations was £76,699. Other buildings, £23,335. There were 852 householders (the difference between the number of householders and of houses was caused by the empty houses). The number of proprietors of buildings was 63.
The public buildings were:—1 church (used as a court house). 2 chapels. 1 exchange, 1 Custom House, 1 club room, 1 gaol, 1 theatre, 1 immigration depot, 1 post office, 1 new church building, 1 Scotch Church building.
The late
On the 9th March, 1864, a time ball service was instituted. A mast was raised above the Custom House, on which a large black ball was raised daily, half-mast, at ten minutes to 12, mast head at five minutes to 12, and dropped at noon, Wellington mean time. The cost of the astronomical clock ordered in connection with the time-ball, with the other necessary apparatus and fittings, amounted to £941 12s. 7d. (Fig. 108). The first observer was the Rev. Arthur Stock, of St. Peter's Church.
The “Independent,” April 6th, 1865, states: “The time-ball at Wellington is situated in lat. 41 deg. 17.01 S., and long. 170 deg. 49.15 E. It is dropped at noon every day (Sundays excepted) or at 12h. 20m. 43s. past noon at Greenwich of the previous day.
At the Town Board meeting held on the 23rd February, 1866, the Town Board commissioners granted the long-desired permission of Mr. Tonks to make a tramway for conveying the rubbish for the reclamation of land.
Mr. W. Tonks had secured the contract to reclaim 13 acres of land, from Panama Street to the north of Waring Taylor Street, including the construction of a sea-wall, for the sum of £24,792. Soil for filling in the different reclamations was obtained from the hillside at the rear of the Lambton Quay sections, Kumutoto (Woodward Street) to Boulcott Street. Mr. Tonks even proposed to lay a tramway by way of Manners Street and Cuba Street to Webb Street, to bring spoil from there. Permission was granted by the Town Board, but he only used the tramway from Willis and Boulcott Streets, also a tram from Kumutoto (Baillie's Early Reclamations, p. 713).
In the New Zealand “Times,” 14th Nov., 1877, a notice appeared advertising the Wellington City Steam Tramway Co., with a capital of £50,000, in 10,000 shares of £5 each, the first directors being Messrs. J.
A map, drawn and published in 1888 by
Reference has been made elsewhere to
When the writer was compiling other information (kindly supplied by the senior draughtsman,
“Ship Cuba, at sea, Lat. 41 deg, 36 S., Long, 160 deg, 4E., 11th. December, 1839. Sir, As we are now approaching the shores of New Zealand. I have to request that you will shape such a course as to fetch Cook Strait if possible, but it should not be possible without much loss of time, it will be necessary at all events that you should take the ship into Kaipara, as either in that harbour, or in Cook Strait. I expect to find the Tory, with Colonel Wakefield, the Company's chief agent, with whom it is very important that I should meet as soon as possible. I remain, sir,
Your most obedient servant, ,William Mein-Smith Surveyor General.To Captain J. Newcombe,
Ship Cuba.”“Surveyors' Journal,” 175a, p. 1.
Captain Chaffers, of the “Tory,” surveyed the Port Nicholson Harbour in September, 1839, the following account of which is extracted from Wakefield's “Adventure in N.Z.,” p.p. 73-76:—
“
Colonel Wakefield left with Wharepouri, Mr. Smith, with a stock of garden seeds and carpenter's tools, and a few goods with which to encourage the natives in the work of preparation for the arrival of the settlers. Wharepouri promised to put him in a new house at Ngauranga, and to take care of him till our return. We landed some pigs, and some boards, bearing the words: ‘New Zealand Land Company’ were put up in conspicuous places on the shores of the harbour.”
An extract is given in the Wellington Harbour Year Book, 1919, page 60, of Captain Chaffer's report, dated 8th Oct., 1839, as follows:—
“This port, which has been little known, ranks among one of the finest in the world. Its entrance is easy, the dangers all showing; and plenty of room to work in, with eleven fathoms in the narrowest part.”
In a brief covering note to his journal, dated October 10th, 1839, Colonel Wakefield remarks:—“My intention is to plant the first settlement at Port Nicholson, where I have ordered several houses to be built.”
The “N.Z. Journal.” London, Oct. 30, 1841, contains a list of the names of surveyors despatched by the “Brougham,” 2nd October, 1841, viz.:—
The survey of the Hutt river now extended in a straight line from the beach, nearly 8 miles, and following the windings of the river 10 miles and a quarter. Persons could walk from this place to
The letter was written from the Surveyor-General's office and dated 21st March, 1842:—
“I beg to acknowledge the receipt of your stoppage by the Maoris, which I forwarded to Captain Smith, who at present has charge of the district you are engaged in.
“Captain Smith having left Wellington this morning on the Company's service, I undertake to inform you of his instructions, which are ‘that you complete as many sections as possible, and then assist Messrs. Harrison and Kettle in cutting the beach line until further orders.’
Sgn. ,Samuel Charles Brees Surveyor-General, N.Z. Company .”
Mr. Charles Henry Kettle, who assisted in the survey of Port Nicholson, Porirua and Upper Hutt, was born at Sandwich, Kent, in 1820. He was for a time a mathematical master at Mr. John Dean's school at Faversham. Induced to emigrate, he came to New Zealand by the “Oriental” and procured employment as clerk to the firm of Betts-Hopper, Moles-worth and Petre, until the firm dissolved partnership. He then joined the New Zealand Company's survey staff under Captain Mein-Smith.
Accompanied by Mr. Alfred Wills, he explored a considerable portion of the Rimutaka, Ruamanga, Wairarapa, and Manawatu districts, thus for the first time trodden by a European foot.
The party returned, after a month's absence, half starved, and having suffered great privations, but bringing back a glowing description of the magnificent, well-watered plains so suitable for further settlement. The earliest New Zealand “Gazettes” and the “Early Settlers' Journal,” Vol. I., Numbers 1, 2 and 3 give an interesting account of the expendition.
Mr. Kettle returned to England in the “Brougham” in 1843 and received an appointment with the N.Z. Company as assistant surveyor and engineer, returning to Wellington in 1846. During a fortnight's stay in Wellington, he made his plans for the survey of “New Edinburgh” (Otago or Otakou). He became Government Surveyor and Registrar of Deeds in 1851, and Member of the House of Representatives in 1860. He died at Littlebourne, 1862. (Extracts from Hocken's N.Z., p. 74.)
Surveyors-General of New Zealand. By courtesy Lands and Survey Dept.]
The first head of the Government Survey Department was the Surveyor-General.
It is interesting to recall the impressions of
“The town is advantageously situated around the shores of that indentation of the port which is distinguished by the name of Lambton Harbour, and presents a very eligible site for a town of moderate extent. There is a very beautiful flat, known as Thorndon Flat, having an area of about 50 acres, forming the northern portion of the town; and at the head of the bay there is an extent of about 300 or 400 acres of level and undulating land, highly favourable for the purpose for which it is intended.
“On that part of the shore which intervenes between these two flats, the spurs from the mountain ranges close in upon the harbour, leaving a space barely sufficient for the erection of houses; and for a carriage way between the base of the hills and the water's edge. The water, however, in this part of the harbour is very shallow, and at a comparatively trifling expense a considerable extent of land may be recovered, which at a future time will become highly valuable as a site for a Custom House and other public buildings and for commercial buildings.
By courtesy Lands and Survey Dept.] Surveyors-General of New Zealand.
“Immediately behind the two flats already spoken of the land rises suddenly into bold and rugged hills of very considerable elevation, thickly covered with timber and brushwood, and intersected by deep ravines, of so steep, broken, and impracticable a nature as to render the back country exceedingly difficult of access.
“On the whole, the site of the town is certainly admirably adapted to the purpose, and would afford ample space for one of considerable extent, and for the accommodation of a very numerous population, had the character of the ground and the local advantages been properly estimated and judiciously taken advantage of.”
The writer expresses his opinion as to the size of the allotments and offers criticism
“I have thus endeavoured to convey, for His Excellency's information, an idea of the impressions which I have derived from a very careful examination of Port Nicholson and its immediate neighbourhood, to the utmost extent which my means and opportunities would allow. A more beautiful and romantic spot it would be difficult to conceive; a finer harbour could not be desired; but it is vain to deny that the great difficulty of opening a means of communication with the interior presents a very serious objection, and that from the limited extent of land available for agriculture in its neighbourhood it is not calculated to support a very numerous population.” (Evening “Post,” 21/1/1926).
Under-Secretaries for Crown Lands. By courtesy of the Lands and Survey Department, Wellington]
In 1874, a conference of chief surveyors was held in Wellington and was presided over by
The first secretary for Crown Lands was the
Besides the prominent men mentioned above acting in the capacity of land administrators, some eminent men closely identified with early Wellington have served with distinction, namely:—Captain (afterwards Major)
The History of the Department, articles showing the typical experiences in a surveyor's life, pioneer surveying and explorations, the fighting record and biographical sketches of the early surveyors, will be found on pp. 200-231 Jourdain's Land Legislation.
Very little is known by the general public of the personality of a Government official, because the State's servants do not live under the limelight, and it is not until some unusually important *cident happens in the official's life *he comes under the public eye.
One of the important incidents of a surveyor's life is his return to his home and civilisation after a long period spent in the lonely bush, or on the wind-swept hills.
On his arrival at the survey office to complete his plan work he is greeted with demonstrations of welcome, which are hardly concluded when the time-worn question is asked him: “When do you go out again?”
“A colony is commenced by the surveyors opening up the country for the settlers. The land is first roughly
The above reads like a picnic party when compared to
The scarcity of food was so great that, after killing and eating his dog, Mr. Brunner was, on one occasion, without food for nearly three days. They reached a pa, where they expected to find some natives, and found it deserted, and no provisions could be found. Instead of a good meal of potatoes, as they fondly anticipated, they were compelled to regale themselves on seaweed. The natives returned after a couple of days, and the party stayed with them for a brief period before walking about a hundred miles further down the coast. They reached the Howard river on the 9th June, and built a shelter. Next day they experienced rain, snow and a fresh in the river. They searched the country all round for food, but found none, and the river was too deep to wade. On the 15th June they came to the old survey house on the “Mokopiko,” which they found had fallen. Ekehu and his wife wished to stay there, and complained of sore feet, and Epiki and his wife were behind, but Brunner was anxious to push on, and when he mentioned tea and bread the woman agreed to follow him to Fraser's, which was reached at ten o'clock at night. Fraser gave them a hearty welcome and a smoke of good tobacco. “So I thanked God,” wrote Brunner in his diary, “that I had once more reached the abode of
It has not been on the battlefield alone that officers of the Survey Department have displayed qualities of heroism and devotion to duty. When it is borne in mind that New Zealand had to be surveyed before settlement could take place in any real sense, and that the dangers of pioneering work were continuous and unavoidable, it must be admitted that those men who blazed the trail were deserving of the utmost credit that can now be given to them. Mountain torrents, flooded rivers, bad weather, unknown country, hostile natives, snow clad ranges, difficulty in obtaining food, lack of medical attendance, dense forests and dangerous swamps faced the surveyors of by-gone days. Many a man has died in his camp, away from civilisation, an uncomplaining martyr to duty.… . During one reconnoitring expedition in 1857,
Charts and Maps. In the “Story of New Zealand,” book 2, published by Whitcombe and Tombs Ltd., there are reproductions of
Charts and portions of charts of Tasman, Cook, Barnett, 1826; Captain Herd, 1826; D'Urville. 1827; McDonnell, 1834; New Zealand Association, 1837; Polack, 1838, and Chaffers, 1840, are reproduced in Mr. Elsdon Best's “Discovery of Wellington Harbour,” published by the Harbour Board.
Barnett's chart of 1826 has a footnote at the bottom of the plan, thus:—
“Port Nicholson (Wangenueatera), N.Z., surveyed and drawn by T. Barnett, 1826. To J. Nicholson Esq., this chart is respectfully presented by his most obedient servant, T. Barnett. Sydney, March 12, 1827.”
Some early maps of New Zealand are mentioned in a catalogue of atlases, maps, sea charts, etc., published by
A schedule of maps is given as under (with name of publisher in parentheses):—
For indentification of localities this map should be compared with the Survey Department's County Map.
Later maps of Wellington are published by the Department of Lands and Survey, Wellington, N.Z.
As the result of representations made to the Government since 1915 by public institutions and private persons, an Honorary Geographic Advisory Board, approved by the Hon. the Minister of Lands, was provisionally constituted in 1924.
The Board's functions are to adopt rules for the orthography of geographic names, to examine cases of doubtful geographical spelling and nomenclature, to investigate and decide the priority of the discovery of any geographical feature and recommend the name to be retained, to collect original Maori place-names, to
The members of the provisional Board comprise:—The Hon.
The first meeting of the provisional Board was held in the office of the Surveyor-General on the 12th September, 1924. There were present:
The transactions of the Board are published in the annual records of the survey of New Zealand, prepared under the direction of the Surveyor-General of New Zealand.
The following items are extracted from the “Cyclopaedia of N.Z.,” Vol. I.; the Wellington City Council and Harbour Board's Year Books, and from secretaries of various associations and clubs.
In many instances the writer has been unable, through the limited time at his disposal, to ascertain the foundation and present officers of the various clubs. These could be recorded in another edition.
Art.
Mr. George French Angas , F.L.S., eldest son of the late Geo. Fife Angas, left London in 1843 on an art tour through Australia and New Zealand, returning in March, 1846, with a large collection of native costumes and implements, besides many portraits of natives which he had taken, as well as sketches of the places he had visited. These he had the honour of submitting to Her Majesty and the Prince Consort (Prince Albert) at Buckingham Palace. Mr. Angas was accompanied byJames Pomare , grandson of the Chief of the Chatham Islands.The following advertisement appeared in the “N.Z. Journal,” 11th April, 1846:—“Egyptian Hall, Piccadilly.—The New Zealand and South Australian Exhibition opened on Monday, 6th. April, comprising portraits of the most important New Zealand chiefs, their wives and families, and a complete illustration of the scenery and natives of Australia and New Zealand, and their manners and customs. The hall will be open daily from 10 a.m. till dusk. Admission: 1/-. A young New Zealander will attend in costume.”
George French Angas , proprietor “South Australia Illustrated” and “New Zealand Illustrated,” two folio works, were issued at intervals in 1847. Mr. Angas died in London, October, 1866 (Mennell's District Australian Biography, p. 14).A picture was painted by
Mr. C. D. Barraud , representing the encampment in the Horokiwi Valley of the advanced picket of the force, composed of Militia, armed police and friendly natives of Wellington and Petone, in 1846. The figures in the foreground on the right are Messrs. McDonogh and D. Scott, leaders of the party, and are conversing withWi Tako , who is dressed in a native mat. On the hill, in the distance is introduced Rangihaeata's defence line (A. and N.Z. Gazette, 12/7/1851, p. 318). See Fig. 267.
The Academy of Fine Artswas founded in 1882, the executive for 1895 being:—Messrs.C. D. Barraud (president),H. S. Wardell and Dr. Fell (vice-presidents), Messrs. Hill and, the Hon. Dr. Grace, Messrs. H. Gore, R. H. Govett, Rich- ardson Richardson J. M. Nairn ,W. S. Reid andD. T. Stuart (council),W. F. Barraud (treasurer), andL. H. B. Wilson (secretary). The officers for 1928 were Messrs. E. W. Hunt (president), J Ellis and Chas. Wilson (vice-presidents), Dr. Carbery, Messrs.T. S. Weston , W. Gray, — Young and H. E. Anderson (council), and H. M. Gore (secretary).
The Acclimatisation Societywas founded in 1844. Officers in 1895 were:—The Earl of Glasgow (president), Sir Jas. Hector and Major General Schaw (vice-presidents), Messrs. A. J. Rutherford (secretary), and L. G. Reid (treasurer).
The Agricultural and Commercial Clubwas formed at Barrett's Hotel in October, 1840. The committee comprised:—Majors Durie and Hornbrook, Messrs. Geo. Hunter, W. Guyton, I. Wade, H. Taylor, Jas. Smith, Captain Hay, J. Wade (secretary), and Wm. Hay (treasurer). (N.Z. Journal, 1841.)A meeting was held in the Exchange room on the 5th June, 1843, when Mr. R. Barton proposed, and Mr. Waitt seconded, “that an agricultural association be formed.” The speakers were Messrs. Clifford, Smith, Vavasour, Dr. Featherston, Messrs. Guyton and Knowles. A committee was formed comprising the following:—Messrs. F. A. Molesworth, H. Petre, R. Barton, C. Bidwill, W. Swainson, J. Watt, Machattie, Bethune, Bowler, Ludlam, Captain Daniell and Rhodes (N.Z. Journal, 9/12/1843).
Agricultural and Pastoral Association (Inc.), established 1889. President, Mr.W. H. Levin ; secretary, Mr. G. H. Scales. (N.Z. Cyc., Vol. 1. p. 433.)
Art Club, established 1892; promoted by Messrs.J. M. Nairn , J. Baillie, W. L. Palmer, Dr. Fell and others. In 1896,Mr. J. M. Nairn was president, andMr. M. C. Smith , hon. secretary and treasurer. (Ibid.)
Astronomical Society (Inc.), 1928. Patron:General Sir Charles Fergusson , Bart, LL.D., G.C.M.G., K.C.B., D.S.O., M.V.O. President: Rt. Hon. Sir Francis Bell, P.C., G.C.M.G., K.C. Vice-Presidents:Hon. Sir Frederick R. Chapman , E. G. Hogg, M.A., F.R.A.S.: Rt. Hon. Sir Robert Stout, P.C., K.C.M.G.: E. D. Bell. Secretary:C. E. Adams , D.Sc., F.R.A.S. Treasurer: C. G. G. Berry. Librarian: A. G. Crust. M.Sc. Council: John C. Begg, F.R.A.S.;Professor C. Coleridge Farr ; Professor D. C. H. Florance;A. C. Gifford , M.A., F.R.A.S.; J. Kenderdine;Professor D. M. Y. Sommerville . Auditor: H. A. R. Huggins. Hon. Members:Sir Frank W. Dyson , M.A., LL.D., F.R.S., F.R.A.S.;Professor A. W. Bickerton .
Athenaeum and Mechanics' Institute.(Extracts from “Some Schools and Schoolmasters of Early Wellington,” p. 72, byGeorge Macmorran , Esq.):—“Previous to the departure from England of the ‘first colony,’ a committee was charged with the duty of making some provision for the literary, scientific and philanthropic institutions of the English Colony about to be planted in the South Pacific.
Dr. G. S. Evans was chosen chairman of this committee. Contributions of books, scientific apparatus, etc., were received and despatched to New Zealand. On the 1st December, 1840, a meeting was held at Barrett's Hotel (Hotel Cecil site), a committee formed, and rules drawn up. Captain Rhodes offered a room in his house, but the committee accepted the offer ofMr. Richard Barrett to sell for £30 his Waipiro house, i.e., his whare on the Wai Peraro Reserve, about the Lambton Quay corner of Charlotte Street. Mr. Knox was appointed librarian. In April, 1842, owing to thirteen of the subscribers having refused to pay their subscriptions—the names were advertised—it was found necessary to wind up the affairs of the Institution. The library was to be presented to the Mechanics' Institute, about to be established.… . Meetings were held in April, 1842, and by May 2nd matters were so far advanced that the Port Nicholson Mechanics' Institute Public School Library was duly established, and its first officers elected. Colonel Wakefield was its first president; Messrs. W. Lyon and W. Swainson, vice-presidents, andMr. John Knowles , secretary. A committee of 15, eight of whom were working men, according to the rules, was appointed. Mr. Rule was appointed schoolmaster and librarian, and opened the school on the 6th June, 1842. In November, 1842,Mr. George Edwards was appointed pro. tem., and a Sunday School, on undenominational lines, with Mr. Woodward as superintendent, was opened on June 19, 1842. The Library contained about 160 volumes. The first anniversary was celebrated by a public soiree, in boisterous weather, and with a limited attendance (about 30 ladies and gentlemen). The report of the committee informed them that a reserve on Lambton Quay (adjoining Willis and Co's. premises) had been granted to the Institute by His Excellency. In 1843, the membership was 61, at reduced subscriptions of 5/- per annum.”The New Zealand Journal of the 9th. Dec., 1843, states: “The first anniversary of the Institute was celebrated on the 8th. May, 1843, Colonel Wakefield in the chair. He reminded them of the lecture addressed to them on the previous day in the church, when their minister took the opportunity to comment upon the stigmathat rested upon this town, that not any place, solely appropriate for public worship, had yet been erected by any of the Christian communities. The receipt of several packages of newspapers from Mr. S. Cobham, of Newgate Street, London, addressed to the secretaries of the late Museum, Exchange and Working Men's Association, now defunct, was acknowledged and placed in the library. Three lectures by Mr. Hanson, on colonisation, had been delivered; 61 boys and 29 girls had been admitted to the school. Some had left, leaving 42. Since the opening of the school on June
19, 1842, the attendance had been 65 boys and 39 girls; total, 104. There were now 56, under the care of 7 gratuitous teachers; average attendance 45. The balance sheet showed £17 9/1 receipts the previous 6 months, and disbursements, £15 3/1, leaving £2 6/0 balance.” (Ibid.) “On May 3rd, 1844, the foundation stone of the new building was laid, with Masonic honours. About six months later the Institute became dormant for several years. In January, 1844, the Raupo House ordinance deprived the Institute of its rooms. Dicky Barrett's Maori house and its property stored in the offices of the N.Z. Company. In June, 1848, the Institute was revived, and the property lodged in a small house belonging to Mr. Stafford.”
The officers, according to the Almanac for 1849, were:—President, His Honour Justice H. S. Chapman; vice-presidents, Messrs. Wm. Fox, W. Lyon and G. Moore; committee, Messrs. J. McBeth, J. F. Ballare, R. Hart, J. Woodward, W.
Norgrove, W. Spinks ,J. H. Marriott , H. J. Gridland,W. W. Taylor , A. de Bathe Brandon, W. Hart and Rev. J. Duncan; treasurer,R. J. Duncan ; secretary, H. B. Sealy; librarian, Mr. Bushell.A strong effort was now made to erect a building on the reserve next to the Scotch Kirk, and in April, 1850, the Wellington Athenaeum and Mechanics' Institute was opened by its president, Mr. Justice H. S. Chapman. Political and social gatherings were then held. In September, 1852, Sir Geo. Grey was present, and with him a youthful guest—
Lord Robert Cecil —afterwards Lord Salisbury, Prime Minister of England.The Cook's Strait Almanac, 1856, states:— “During the winter season lectures are delivered weekly and classes for the study of English and other languages, vocal music, and drawing, meet on almost every evening, while the hall is often employed for purposes of a public character. A meeting was held which resulted in the patriotic fund subscriptions and the ladies' bazaar, in aid of the hospital fund for the armies in the Crimea. The president in 1856 was Dr. Featherston, and vice-presidents, Messrs. E. Catchpool, R. Hart and W. Lyon, J.P.; treasurer, J. Woodward; secretary, J. Pearce; committee, G. Allen, J. Blyth, C. R. Carter, B. Gordon, J. G. Holdsworth, W. Holmes, C. Mills,
T. McKenzie , W.Spinks, E. Toomath and J. Wallace.” The Almanac for 1863 gives the names of the officers, viz., president, Mr. Justice Johnston; vice-presidents, Messrs. W. Lyon, G. Hunter and G. Hart; treasurer, J. Woodward; secretary, H. F. Logan; committee, L. Levy, J. M. Taylor, J. Burke, W. T. Fagg, S. Levy, C. Moffitt, J. C. Boddington, C. J. Richardson, E. W. Mills, W. Gandy, E. Brandon and L. A. Hart.The present building, “The Exchange,” was built in 1877, and the Institute flourished for a time, but owing to lack of funds, the edifice was sold, and the Athenaeum became a tenant of what was once its own property. The upper rooms were utilised for meetings, concerts and rehearsals. The writer remembers singing “The Death of Nelson” in the concert chamber in 1886, and attending rehearsals of the Musical Society conducted by
Mr. Robert Parker .The “Cyclopaedia of N.Z.,” page 284, has a lengthy article, accompanied by an illustration of the present
Library, from which a few extracts are given: “On the 23rd. September, Mr.W. H. Levin offered £1000 as a subscription for the purchase of books for a free public library. Mr. Duthie, then Mayor, headed a list of subscriptions with £200, and including this and Mr. Levin's donation, the citizens of Wellington subscribed a sum of £3066 16/2. Competitive designs were invited, and Mr. W. Crichton's design was accepted. The foundation stone was laid by Mr. A. W. Brown (Mayor) on the 15th. December, 1891, and the Library was opened for the use of the public on the 23rd April, 1893, under the charge ofMr. G. N. Baggett . The chief librarian was appointed in August, 1893, whenMr. T. W. Rowe , M.A., was chosen. In 1895, the staff consisted of Messrs.T. W. Rowe ,G. N. Baggett , J. E. F. Perry and Miss E. D. Mowat. The lending library was opened on the 6th. April, 1894, and the reference room on the 1st. of May.Mr. Herbert Baillie is the present city librarian (1928), and Mr. Perry, librarian at Newtown.
Automobile Clubwas established in 1905. The first president was theHon. T. W. Hislop , and the first secretary, Mr. C. M. Banks. The president for 1928 is Sir Joseph Ward, and the secretary Mr. H. J. Stott.
Benefit Society (Union).The first meeting was held at Mr. Allen's house, Pito-one, in 1840. The second meeting was held, July 13, 1840 (N.Z. Gazette, 11/7/40).
Bible Societywas established 1852. Messrs. J. May treasurer, and J. Costell secretary.
Boys' Institutewas founded in June, 1892—the outcome of a Sunday evening mission school held by the Y.M.C.A. in the early eighties. In 1895, was situated corner of Cuba and Victoria Streets; Sir Jas. Prendergast (president), committee, Messrs. W. Allan, C. W. Benbow, W. F. Christie, A. Armstrong, A. Hoby, A. Johnston, T. W. McKenzie, G. C. Sunmerell,G. A. Troup and A. H. Wallace,J. G. W. Aitken (treasurer), and F. Maguire (secretary). (N.Z. Cyc., Vol. I., p. 360.)Building Society.A meeting of the Building Society was held at the Mechanics' Institute during this time (February, 1851).
Mr. W. B. Rhodes was in the chair. Mr. Allen gave a brief summary of the proceedings of the Society, and stated that the number of shares subscribed for amounted to 154, and that 144 shareholders had paid entrance fee of 2/6 per share. A provisional committee were appointed, comprisingMessrs. G. Allen, G. P. Wallace, G. Edwards, W. Bannister (senr.), C. R. Carter, W. P. Pickering , E.Roberts, W. Norgrove , E.Stafford, W. Seed , S. Levy, J. M. Taylor, J. Woodward andC. D. Barraud . The trustees appointed were: Messrs.W. B. Rhodes , C. Clifford,W. Waring Taylor , W. F. Christian and W. Dorset.Mr. W. B. Rhodes was elected treasurer (A. and N.Z. Gazette, 9/8/1851).
Camera Club, founded in 1892. President (1895), Mr. A. de Bathe Brandon: secretary, F. Denton; treasurer, T. M. Hardy, No. 11 Exchange Buildings, Quay. (N.Z. Cyc., Vol. I., p. 433.)
Cattle Company. At this meeting, Mr. J. Watt occupied the chair. Mr. St. Hill (secretary) read the prospectus, and a provisional committee was formed, consisting of Messrs. Crawford, Watt and Wade (N.Z. Gazette, and Wellington Spectator, 12th. Dec., 1840).Chamber of Commerce.The Wellington Chamber, of Commerce was established in 1856, when
Mr. James Kelham became the first president, which position he held for two years. The succeeding presidents down to the year 1868 were:—The Hon. J. Johnston, Messrs. G. Hunter, W. M. Bannatyne,W. Waring Taylor , Chas. J.Pharazyn, E. Pearce and N. Levin.The annual general meeting of the Wellington Chamber of Commerce was held on Wednesday, 28th July, 1858, at the offices at present temporarily occupied by the Chamber, at Messrs. Bethune and Hunter's, Captains' room, Exchange Buildings (old Custom House St.) Reports on steam postal service, customs tariff, light-house on Pencarrow Head, insolvent laws, joint stock companies, arbitration, Post Office, Supreme Court, securities on wool, etc., rules, banking establishments, finances and statistical returns were discussed. New members were elected, vix.:—Messrs. Adam Burns, James Smith, G. H. Vennell, J. G. Kinross, Thos. W. Pilcher and W. Turnbull. Regret was expressed that Mr. KelhaMcs departure for Europe had deprived the Chamber of one whose lengthened term of office had peculiarly fitted him to discharge the onerous duties of chairman.
From this date till 1875 the Chamber relapsed into a moribund condition. Under the presidency of
Mr. W. H. Levin , the Chamber was re-instituted in the latter year, and since that time has been an active institution. The following gentlemen have since become presidents in their turn:—Messrs. J. Dransfield, F. A. Krull, T. Buchanan, J. Woodward, J. E. Nathan,J. R. George ,J. B. Harcourt , A. J. McTavish,T. K. MacDonald ,W. T. L. Travers , J. Duthie, J. H. Cook, E. W. Mills, J. Duncan, T. J. Gale,D. T. Stuart and J. McLellan. In 1884, the Chamber of Commerce was incorporated under Act of General Assembly. In 1895, the total membership was 95 (“N.Z. Cyclopaedia.” (N.Z. Cyc., Vol. I., p. 545.)
Mr. C. M. Bowden is president, Mr. A. Fletcher vice-president, and Mr. H. S. Fairchild secretary. 1928.Mr. J. B. Harcourt , a member since 1876, and chairman in 1883–84, was elected the first life member of the Chamber on the 17th. April, 1928 (vide “Dominion,” 18/4/1928).
Chess Clubwas founded in 1876. The outcome of a match between the town and civil service. Mr. Geo. Hunter was first president, andMr. C. W. Benbow for over sixteen years. Mr. H. C. Skeet was secretary in 1892, etc. The “Cyclopaedia of N.Z.,” Vol. I., p. 421, shows an illustration of the members of the New Zealand Chess Congress, 1894, comprising Messrs. J. Wood, O. C. Pleasants, H. S. Cocks, J. Edwards, D. Hatherly, W.Mackay, H. C. Skeet , G.Pearce, H. Hookham ,R. J. Barnes , A. A. Lelievre, A. Fifford and W. Barraud.There have, in all, been three “Petherick” trophies, the names of the winners being as follow:—(a) Gold medal, won by F. W. Collins in 1902; (b) Petherick Trophy No. 1 (a handsome shield) was won outright by
R. J. Barnes in 1908, the winners' names engraved on it being as follow: 1903, C. W. Tanner, 1904,R. J. Barnes ; 1905, A. W. Gyles; 1906,R. J. Barnes ; 1907, H. Jessup, and 1908,R. J. Barnes —this being his third “win at intervals”; and (c) Petherick Trophy No. 2 (a handsome combination of silver knight and rook, which cannot be won outright): 1909, W. E. Mason; 1910,R. J. Barnes ; 1911, A. Glyes, senr.; 1912.R. J. Barnes ; 1913, W. Cowper Hill (who was afterwards a war victim, being killed in France in September, 1916); 1914, W. White; 1915, no contest; 1916, W. White; 1917, E. S. Taylor; 1918, A. W. O. Davies (who now holds the Dominion championship for the third time); 1919, E. S. Taylor; 1920, H. Jessup; 1921, E. S. Taylor; 1922, H. Jessup; 1923, A. E. Jessup; 1924, A. T. Jessup; 1925, J. A. C. Barnes (a son ofMr. R. J. Barnes , who, as stated above, won five of the earlier tourneys), and 1926, F. Grady. For the benefit of new readers, it may be added that the lateMr. Edward Wade Petherick , who died on Christmas Day, 1915, aged 75, was for several years a very popular president of the Wellington Chess Club, and was also one of its most generous supporters. His trophies have always been for handicap events, his desire having been to encourage the weaker player.The stronger players are, of course, well catered for in the club's annual championship tourney. This contest was abandoned for nine years, but was revived in 1918—since which time the winners have been as follow:—Season 1918–19, A. W. O. Davies; 1919–20,
R. J. Barnes ; 1920–21, W. E. Mason; 1921–22,R. J. Barnes ; 1922–23, W. Mackay; 1923–24, W. E. Mason; 1924–25, Edwin A. Hicks; 1925–26, G. P. Anderson, and 1926–27,R. J. Barnes .
Early Settlers' Associationwas founded on Dominion night, 23rd. September, 1912, with the following as executive officers:—President, Hon. J. E. Jenkinson, M.L.C.; vice-presidents, Messrs.F. P. Wilson , G. London, John Smith,and L. Stowe; general committee, Hon. C. M. Luke , M.L.C., Dr. Cameron, Messrs.G. Mac-Morran , H. N. McLeod, W. H. Bennett,H. Baillie , W. A. Edwards, L. McKenzie, and F. M. Leckie; hon. treasurer and hon. secretary,Mr. Ronald K. Lyon . The objects of the Society and report of the first meeting may be seen in the Journal, Vol. 1, No. 1, December, 1912.Space precludes anything but a passing reference to a subject that could easily fill a volume. Each gathering is marked by the absence of one or two of the old identities by the silence that accompanies each name when the “roll call” is announced. In 1924, Mrs. Cornford, aged 91 years, presented Lady Jellicoe with a bouquet of flowers, and Mr. Thos. Bassett, who arrived in 1840, presented His Excellency Lord Jellicoe with an address, on the last occasion of his visits to the hall and prior to his departure. The address had appended to it the following names, extracted from the Evening “Post,” 24th September, 1924:—
1840.—W. Udy (Duke of Roxburgh), T. Bassett (Duke of Roxburgh), H. Curtis (London), Friend Hook (Coromandel), C. Goodwin (
Martha Ridgway ), G. Judd (Martha Ridgway ), Mrs. Cameron (Blenheim), Mrs. Oliver (Blenheim), Mrs. Martin (Blenheim).1841.—J. Waters (Slains Castle), Mrs. Hamilton (Slains Castle), Mrs. Sinclair (Arab), J. Vile (Arab), Mrs. Hart Udy (Arab), R. Hooper (Arab), J. Daysh (Gertrude), Mrs. Cornford (Gertrude), H. Southee (Lady Nugent), J. Kilmister (Lady Nugent), J. C. Retter (
Lord William Bentinck ), W. B. Howell (Lord William Bentinck ), D. Hobbs (Burnham).The “Dominion” of the 15th. August, 1927, gives the following report:—
Five Generations Together.There was a large gathering in the Early Settlers' Hall on Saturday afternoon, when a party was given in honour of Mrs. Cornford, one of the oldest surviving early settlers of Wellington, who was present, with four other generations of her family. Mrs. Cornford is 96 years old, and she came to New Zealand in the ship Gertrude in 1841, and has lived in Wellington ever since. She resides at present with her daughter, Mrs. Eagle, at Karori. Makara and Karori have been her homes, except for four years at Johnsonville. Her husband died about fourteen years ago, but eight of her nine children survive, namely, Mrs. Eagle, Mrs. R. Creag, Mrs. J. Creag, Mrs. C. Hunt, and Messrs. Charlie, W. G. and H. Cornford. Mrs. Cornford was keenly interested and thoroughly happy at the party on Saturday. She remembers Thorndon—the district, not the quay—when it was covered in manuka, has seen all the roads made in Wellington, all the Governors of the Colony and Dominion, and the arrivals and departures of the troops who came out to the Maori War.
Sir Douglas McLean (president of the society) presided, and made a speech of welcome to Mrs. Cornford. Her life, he said, was the political and historical story of Wellington.Sir Frederick Chapman spoke of the early days of Karori, and some interesting talk ensued.Present also was another old lady, whose age, with Mrs. Cornford's, totalled 188 years.
The executive for 1928 were:—President, Sir R. D. D. McLean; vice-presidents, Mrs. G. M.
Brown, Messrs. G. A. Troup . Sir John Luke, E. G. Pilcher and Prof. B. Wilson; committee, Messrs. C. W. Tanner, C.Tandy, W. Toomath (acting secretary), D. White, R. Smith, A. Cheesman, W. Freeman, and D. McKay (treasurer).
Flax Industry.—On 4th January, 1841, a public meeting, convened by Messrs.J. C. Crawford ,W. B. Rhodes , Wm. Guyton, E. Daniell, D. Scott and J. Watt, was held at Barrett's Hotel, to discuss the preparation of flax for exportation, and to form a company.
Forward Movement Society, Manners Street, established 1893;Rev. W. A. Evans , leader. Sir Robert Stout, Dr. Findlay, Hon.T. W. Hislop andMr. A. R. Atkinson were amongst the lecturers. (N.Z. Cyc., Vol. I., p. 406.)
Gas Company.—The Gas Company was established in 1870. The plant was imported from England, and Mr. Samuel Brown had the contract for its erection and completion. The first gas was manufactured in Wellington in 1871, at the price of 20/- per 1000 ft. The first contract entered into with the Wellington City Council was for 24 street lamps, at the modest charge of £200 per annum. The company has (1895) two acres of land at Courtenay Place, and one and a half acres in Tory Street. The streets were lit for the first time on the 22nd April, 1871 (N.Z. Cyc., Vol. I., p. 752).
Geological Society. A meeting of this society was held on the 2nd February, 1847, at the Athenaeum.Sir H. J. De la Beche presided. A paper on the fossil remains of birds collected in the Taranaki District of New Zealand was read byWalter Mantell Esq . He also contributed a paper by G. Mantell Esq., LL.D., on the first relic of the gigantic struthious birds (N.Z. Journal, 11/3/1848).
Girls' Friendly Society, founded by Lady Jervois, 1883. President, Mrs. Fitzgerald; secretary, Miss Ashcroft; treasurer, Mrs. Tanner. For the “Girl of To-day” (1927) read “Free Lance,” 17/3/1926.Horticultural Society.The following observations on the institution of a Horticultural and Botanical Society at Port Nicholson are from the “Gardener's Chronicle.”
“We have great pleasure in announcing the formation of a Horticultural and Botanical Society at the town of Wellington in the New Zealand Company's Harbour of Port Nicholson. On Monday evening, November 8, 1841, a numerous and respectable meeting was held at Barrett's Hotel for the purpose of forming a Horticultural Society. The objects of the meeting were explained by Dr. Featherston and R. Stokes, Esq. The officers elected were:—Colonel Wakefield (president), Messrs. R. D. Hanson, F. A. Molesworth, M.
Murphy, J. T. Wicksteed (vice presidents); the committee comprised Messrs. C. E. Alzdorf, R. Barton, Major Baker, Captain Daniell, Dr. Evans, Rev.J. McFarlane , H. St. Hill. — Hurst, H. E. Johnston, A. Ludlam, Captain Smith, Dr. Stokes, W. Swainson, J. Watt, J. Wade, D.Wilkinson, H. Moreing , T. M. Partridge, Dr. Johnson. Captain Hay and W. Fitzherbert were also speakers at the meeting. Dr.Featherston was elected secretary, and Mr. R. Stokes treasurer (N.Z. Journal, 28/5/1842, pp. 101 and 121). First Exhibition, 24th. January, 1842.—Prize List:—
For cottager's garden—Mr. James, 1st. (£1 10/-); D. Johnston, 2nd. (15/-). Gardener's prize, best garden—Mr. Hunt, 1st. (£1); D. Wilkinson, 2nd. Judges: E. Johnson, A. Ludlam, J. Jackson and Mr. Henry. Vegetables (12 potatoes, 6 kidney and 6 round)—F. A. Molesworth, 1st.; A. Ludlam, 2nd. Burcham and
Captain Mein Smith , extra. Peas (12 pods)—Mr. Bannister, 1st.; Baron Alzdorf, extra. Beans (6)—E. Pharazyn, 1st.; Mr. Maclagan, 2nd. Kidney Beans—E. Catch-pool, 1st.; Mr. Hunt, 2nd. Cauliflower—D. Wilkinson, 1st.; E. Johnson, 2nd. Turnips—D. Wilkinson, 1st.; R. Stokes, 2nd.; Major Baker and Mr. Baines, extra. Carrots—F. A. Molesworth, 1st.; Colonel Wakefield, 2nd. Lettuces—A. Ludlani, 1st. Onions—D. Lewis, 1st.; Capt. Smith, 2nd; Baron Alzdorf, extra. Beet—H. Knowles, 1st.; D. Wilkinson, 2nd. Cabbages—Mr. Burcham, 1st.; E. Johnson, 2nd. Pot Herbs—Capt. Smith, 1st.; Kohl Rabi, 2nd; E. Johnson, extra. Flowers (12 annuals)—J. T. Wicksteed. Geranium—Mr. Hurst. Bouquet—D. Wilkinson, 1st.; Capt. Smith, 2nd; Major Baker, extra. Dahlias—Dr. Featherston, extra prize. Four Apples—Baron Alzdorf. Wheat, Hutt—Baron Alzdorf. Native Prize (6 largest potatoes)—E. Keti, of “Pipiteah.” Judges:R. B. Barnes , F. Johnstone, J. Jackson and Mr. Henry (N.Z. Journal, 6/8/1843).Extract from a letter written by Wm. Trotter to
Mr. E. G. Wakefield , Macclesfield:—River Hutt, 11th. Jan., 1850.
“.… My wife and youngest son are up every morning gathering gooseberries for Wellington by half-past four o'clock. We must have had at least 1500 quarts this season. We sell them at 9d per quart, 7d to sell again… . I should think we have about fifteen bushels of apples. You must think that strange, seeing that my trees were only planted three years ago, last June; but what I write you, Sir, you may depend upon as truth. The labyrinth that I made of fruit trees are met, and some of them attained their height. It is on the same plan as that at Hampon Court, but on a smaller scale. I suppose it is the first that has crossed the ‘line,’ and I assure you, sir, if you were to see it just now—my fine trained trees covered with excellent fruit—you would say it looks quite as well as the Royal Yew Hedge at Hampton Court, and answers my purpose much better when I can get 3/- a dozen for my fruit. A person called on me last year and told me he had brought apples from Hobart for sale. I told him I would stop the import, so I took him to one of my Hawthordens. He was quite astonished, and gave me 2/- for 6 apples, to convince the Van Dieman's Land people that they were beaten by New Zealand. My daughter picked 350 from a Keswick codlin, and left 200 to ripen.
“I thought of Old England on New Year's Day, with her frost and snow; and here we were, from morn till night, selling ripe goose-berries—I had hundreds of people from Wellington to visit me that day.
“This is the first day I have been without company for the last month, Sundays excepted… . An Old Country woman of mine called on me the other day and told me she was just beginning to do well in the world. She is only 76 years of age. Now, sir, Mrs. D. Wakefield told me you were not that age; why not come over here and spend your latter days with us? My garden gate shall always be thrown open to receive you. All my tribe send their duty to you.”
Horticultural and Florists' Society, established 1889. President, Mr. F. H. D. Bell, M.H.R.; secretary, Chas. Callis; treasurer, J. J. Kerslake; ladies' committee, Mesdames F. N. D. Bell, A. de B. Brandon, J. Burne, Castendyk, Eberle, Focke, Hudson, C. H. Izard,T. K. Macdonald , C. B. Morrison, J.Prouse, L. G. Reid , R. Trigs, Travers, and Misses Pearce and Crease. (N.Z. Cyc., Vol. I., p. 434.)Hotels.Some of the hotels mentioned in the early almanacs printed in the early days were:—The “New Zealander,” Manners Street, in the forties.
1853.—Nag's Head—Cuba Street (now Alhambra). Wellington — Lambton Quay (Alzdorf's; near Scoular's). Ship—Manners Street (site of Regent Cafe). Royal—Lambton Quay (Munn's; centre of Cecil). Aurora—Willis Street (Britannia).
1863.—Coach and Horses—Manners Street (site of Fowld's). Forresters'—Ghuznee Street (Valentines).
Hotels in Operation in 1866.
- Albion, Courtenay Place (still in operation).
- Barrett's, Lambton Quay (still in operation).
- Coach and Horses, Manners Street (now Fowlds.
- Commercial, Willis Street (now the Grand).
- Cricketers' Arms, Tory Street (still in operation).
- Criterion Tap, Lambton Quay, Wellington (Alzdorf's).
- Crown and Anchor, Lambton Quay (now Commercial).
- Eagle Tavern, Willis Street (“Melbourne”; Carlton).
- Empire, Willis Street (still in operation).
- Freemasons, Lambton Quay (opposite State Fire Insurance).
- Gawith's, Molesworth Street (Shamrock).
- Karori (“Shepherd's Arms”), Tinakori Road (still in operation).
- Morrow's Private Hotel, Willis Street.
- Nelson, Lambton Quay (now Central Hotel).
- Panama and New Zealander, Manners Street (New Zealander).
- Pier, Grey Street (still in operation).
- Provincial, Molesworth Street (still in operation).
- Queens, Boulcott Street, foot of Church steps.
- Queen's Head, corner of Fitzherbert Terrace and Molesworth Street.
- Royal (Barrett's in 1840), Lambton Quay (license transferred).
- Royal Tiger, Taranaki Street (still in operation).
- South Seas, Lambton Quay, near Ferguson and Osborn.
Te Aro (Te Aro ), Willis Street (still in operation).- Thistle, Mulgrave Street (still in operation).
- Victoria, Abel Smith Street (still in operation).
- White Swan, Cuba Street (still in operation).
Other hotels in the sixties were:—The Bank Hotel, Farish Street (recently pulled down); the Branch Hotel, Woodward Street and Lamton Quay; the Galatea, Hawkestone and Molesworth Streets; the Surprise, at Karori, near the Park side of the road. The Rainbow Inn, and the Waterloo at Kaiwharawhara. The Prince of Wales and the Duke of Edinburgh.
Jockey Club, 1851.—The “Cook's Strait Almanac,” for 1852, contains the names of the Jockey Club, viz.: Patron, the Lieut.-Governor; President, Hon. H. W. Petrie; Stewards, Mr. Harrison, Dr. Dorset, Hon. H. W. Petrie, Lieut. Trafford, Mr. H. St. Hill, Capt. Daniell, Messrs. Raymond, Bethune, Waitt, Jenkins, Kelham and Johnston; Secretary and Treasurer, Dr. Featherston.
Journalists' Institute, founded 8th August 1891. The officers in 1895 were (for Wellington):Mr. R. A. Loughnan , vice-president; the Hon. Sir Robert Stout, K.C.M.G., M.H.R., hon. counsel;Mr. F. W. Weston , hon. treasurer; and Mr Geo. Humphries, hon. secretary. The officers for the Wellington Branch in 1895 were: Messrs.R. A. Loughnan (chairman), J. Ilott, J.P. (hon. treasurer), and H. R. Dix (hon. secretary).
Junior., Clubwas founded in 1891, in Johnston Street, the directors being: Messrs. H. D. Bell, M.H.R. (Sir Dillon). president;R. M. Simpson , vice-president; Col. Hume, A. S. Biss, W. H. Field, S.Phillips, J. E. Ree , A. Gilbert, and S. Robinson, committee; J. O. Anson, secretary.
Kennel Club.—The preliminary meeting was held in December 1888 to promote dog shows in Wellington. The club was founded in 1889, and the first show was held in 1890. The officers for 1895 were: Patron, His Excellency the Earl of Glasgow, G.C.M.G.; President, Dr. James; Vice-Presidents, Messrs. Cooper, Crawford, Hunter, Izard, Moorhouse, Triggs and Williams and Dr. Adams; Hon. Secretary and Treasurer, A. W. J. Cook; Judge, J. W. Smyth (Melbourne). (N.Z. Cyc., pp. 456–457.)
Knights of Labour Assembly, organised in February, 1890. Officers, 1895, were: Miss Lee, M.W., and Mrs. W. Hildreth secretary.
Law Society, Wellington District.—President:H. H. Cornish ; Vice-President, H. F. Johnston; Members, H. F. O'Leary, P. Levi, Wm.Perry, A. W. Blair , R. Kennedy, M. Myers, K.C.,Albert A. Wylie ; Hon. Secretary, W. A. Hawkins; Hon. Treasurer, William Perry; Solicitor, A. Gray, K.C.
Licensing Committee.—This committee, in 1895, comprised the following: Mr. J. C. Martin, S.M.,Rev. H. Van Staveren , Messrs.T. W. McKenzie ,C. E. W. Willeston ,J. H. Heaton ,J. Bateman Harcourt , John Young, J.P., John Smith, junr., Ed. Wm. Mills. The hour of closing the hotels in Wellington was 11 o'clock.Lodges.
Antipodean, 1848, A. Lyall, G.M.; G. P. Wallace, N.G.; Wm. Mason, junr., V.G; Chas. Diehl, Secretary; met at the Crown and Anchor, Wednesdays. First anniversary, 1849, at Crown and Anchor Tavern. About forty members and their friends sat down at 6 p.m. to a most substantial dinner. Appropriate toasts followed. Dancing commenced at 10 p.m. (“N.Z. Journal” 6/10/49.) 1851: R. E. Bannister G.M., Jas. Smith H.G., J. Benge V.G., C. Diehl Sec., J. Tweedale Asst.-Sec. 1866: E. Bannister secretary. (Oddfellows.) Met at Oddfellows Hall, Lambton Quay, from 8 p.m. 1896: Secretary, Mr. A. Guise.
Band of Hope, 1866.—President, Mr. J. Tolley; Treasurer, T. Lowe; Secretary, A. Levy. On Wednesday afternoon last the members of the Wellington Band of Hope celebrated the anniversary of that Society by marching through the principal streets of the town in procession. Between two and three hundred children took part in the proceedings. On returning to the hall they were regaled with tea and cake. The evening was spent in a most agreeable manner, speeches, songs and recitations being given. Miss Harriett Bannister recited Miss Sewell's ballad of “Our Father's Care,” which consists of 800 lines, without committing, a single blunder; and an almost equal feat of memorial skill was performed byMiss Elizabeth Helyer , who recited a piece of 95 verses, called “Faith, Hope and Charity.” Before the meeting broke up the following gentlemen were elected office-bearers for the ensuing year: F. Fraser, president; Jas. Godber, secretary; J. Low, treasurer. (Newspaper cutting, 18/5/1867.)
Britannia (Oddfellows).—1848: J. Chapel G.M., S. Poulter N.G., F. K. Allen N.G., Jas. Marriott secretary, met at the Aurora Tavern. (Cook Strait Almanac.) 1851: J. Cail G.M., S. Poulter N.G., Jas. Rennington V.G., J. Duck secretary, met at Nelson Tavern (Central Hotel), Lambton Quay. 1866: G. T. Bell secretary. 1896: G. E. Godber. No. 23, St. John's,established 1873. Officers for 1895: Sister Perry, Bro. Spiers, secretary. No. 24. Newtown: E. F. Jones, J. D. Jones secretary.
Druids.—The supplement to the “N.Z. Druidic Gazette,” March, 1927. contains the names of the principal Druid lodges and secretaries of Wellington, as follows:—“Excelsior,” W. McLaughlan; “Pride of Brooklyn,” O. H. Benge, Boulcott Street; “Coronation,” T. Mollison, Riddiford Street; “Melrose,” S. Hall, “Evening Post”; “Pacific,” F. Mawhinney, Constable Street; “Island Bay,” T. Mollison.
Foresters.—Established 1862. Met at Karori Hotel (Dixon's). G. F. Harper C.R., D. F. Smith S.C.R., J. Lomas S.W., J. Booth J.W., C. H. Gillespie S.B., J. Mason J.B., G. Dixon, W. M. Gawler trustees, J. Leighton secretary, Dr. A. Johnston medical attendant. (Site granted for hall, 1864, next to Government Fire Insurance building). (Baillie, p. 713.) 1866:G. M. Snelson ,T. H. Ellison , E. Montgomery; secretary, D. T. Smith; treasurer. I. Plimmer. 1896: Met in St. George's Hall; A. Whiteford, district secretary.
Court Sir G. Grey.—Foresters' Hall, Lambton Quay; established 1862. J. Robertson was secretary, 1895.
Court Robin Hood.—Established 1865. Met at Foresters' Hall, Tory Street, in 1897; J. T. Webber, secretary.
Court Sir George Bowen.—Established 1869. Mr. J. Foley, secretary in 1897.
Court Sir Wm. Jervois.—Established 1889. Met Riddiford Street in 1897; Mr. T. L. Coe, secretary.
Court Lady Glasgow, Tory Street; Miss N. Aston, secretary in 1897.
Freemasons.—Pacific Lodge; established 1842. Met at Barrett's Hotel (Hotel Cecil site), 1848. J. Masters W.M., E. Abbott S.W.,W. M. Bannatyne S.W.,P. M. Hervey S.D., J. R. Foster J.D., D. Isaacs I.G., R. Hart secretary, K. Bethune treasurer, W. Lyon P.M. (Cook Strait Almanac.) 1856: Met at Crown and Anchor. Bros. R. Lambert, A. Mackay,T. W. McKenzie , L. Levy, Jas.Wallace, W. Rowlands , C. W. Schultze; treasurer, G. H. Vennell; secretary, Syd. Mason;W. M. Bannatyne P.M. 1866: Met at Barrett's Hotel (Plimmer's Steps). J. Dransfield, W. J. Tagg, J.Tully, G. Gray secretary, R. Lambert treasurer, Levi Buck tyler, L. Moss P.M. 1896: Met at Masonic Hall, Boulcott Street. Bros. Rev. J. Dumbell, Jas.Mackay, F. W. Weston ,T. W. Rowe , secretary.
Waterloo Lodge.—Established 1866. Officers 1896: Bros.G. MacMorran , J. W. Davis, G. B. Clark, J. Stevenson secretary.
St. Andrew's.—Established 1879. Officers for 1896: Bros. C.Neilson, A. Mackay , F. J. Bew, R. Fletcher secretary.
Leinster.—Established 1882. Officers, 1895: A. Clothier, A. Bowley, J. A. Sloane, J. C. Young, secretary.
District.—Established 1876.
Wellington.—Established 1874. Officers, 1895: G. Allport, A. D. Riley, S.Robinson, F. Hart mann secretary.
Aorangi.—Officers for 1898: J. M. Richardson,W. G. Rutherford , W. H. Quick, J. O. Anson secretary, Junior Club.
Hibernian Aus. Catholic Society.—Established 1877. St. Patrick's Branch. 1897, St. Patrick's Hall, Boulcott Street. President, Mr. J. Hyland; Treasurer, M. Bohan; Secretary, W. J. Grant.
Oddfellows.—See Antipodean and Britannia. 1866: Wellington District:J. H. Marriott , T.Walden, E. Bannister . River Hutt-Rose of the Valley: J. Philpots, secretary. Rose of Sharon:R. W. Pearce , secretary. Porirua Road-Kinapoura: Jas. McGrath. (Almanac.)
Orange. — Met Rechabite Hall, Manners Street. Officers, 1895, were: J. Lindsay, J. Edwards, G. Petherick secretary. No. 16: H. J. White, G. Purdie secretary. No. 23, “No Surrender”: Mr. W. Janson, G. D. Beharrell secretary. No. 46: Mr. Jas. Edwards, A. M. Melville secretary. No. 49: Mr. J. Lindsay, M. W. Thew secretary. No. 395, “King David”: Wm. D. Hall, G. D. Beharrell, registrar. “Purple Rocket,” No. 4: Mr. J. Lindsay, Miss Roberts secretary. (N.Z. Cyc., Vol. I., p. 414.)
Rechabites.—No. 1, Rechabite Hall, Manners Street:F. H. Fraser secretary. No. 6, met Sydney Street: W. H. Freethy secretary. No. 19:Mr. W. J. Gaudin secretary. The officers for 1897.
Shepherds.—Met in 1866 at Host Plimmer's Barrett's Hotel, Plimmer's Steps. Officers: C. H. Gillespie,G. M. Snelson ,Isaac Plimmer treasurer, D. T. Smith scribe,T. H. Ellison , J.Robertson, C. Hewitt and W. Dalton.
Temperance. — District Lodge established 1893. Mr. G. Petherick D.T., A. Thompson secretary. No. 11, “Pioneer,” established 1873. Officers for 1895: Mr. R. Crawford, Bro. Hoverd secretary. No. 12, Star,” established 1873. Officers for 1895; Mr. A. Martin, Mr. E. Reay secretáry.
Maorilanders' Associationwas founded in 1928. The officers were:—Messrs.M. J. Forde (president), J. H. Barnett (secretary), F. H. C. Smith (treasurer), M. Heyland, G. A. Nicholls, J. Brady, J. O'Brien, J. J. Murray, J.Ryan, D. McKenzie , A. Cassie, J. A. Shand, Mrs. M. J. Maslin.
Marine Engineers' Institute.—Composed of sea-going engineers. The head office for New Zealand was at No. 10. Queen's Chambers. Wellington, in 1895. Officers were: Mr. A. Kelly (president), andMr. A. R. Hislop (secretary).Music.One of the earliest advertisements with reference to music instruction appeared in the “Spectator” of the 21st September, 1853, and is worded thus: “A lady who has just commenced giving lessons in music will be happy in arranging to go to the Hutt once a week.
Te Aro , 21/9/1853.”The 65th Regiment, stationed in Wellington, enlivened proceedings considerably in one way and another, and their excellent band contributed periodical programmes, one of which is extracted from the “New Zealand Spectator,” 17/3/54—Overture, “Don Pasquale,” Donizetti; “Cavatina” and “Siege of Rochelle,” Balfe; “Real Scottish Quadrille,” Jullien; Selection, “Bohemian Girl,” Balfe; “Queen's Waltz,” Tulton; “Cricket Polka,” Jullien; “Pas Galop,” “Boincrowsky,” Bochva.
The Oddfellows' Hall, the foundation stone of which was laid in 1859, stood on the corner of Lambton Quay and Grey Street (the site of the T. and G. building under construction), and was the scene of many musical triumphs and theatrical ventures. Mr. Jas. Mitchell, Oamaru, in a letter published in the “Free Lance,” of the 11th September, 1926, states that the building was adapted for theatrical purposes about the year 1865.
Choral Society.—The executive officers of the Choral Society in 1863 comprised: Mr. Justice Johnston, President; the Bishop of Wellington, Messrs.J. C. Crawford andW. W. Taylor , Vice-Presidents;W. H. Holmes , Secretary and Treasurer; G. Picket, Conductor;W. H. Holmes and W. Mowbray, sub-Conductors: Mrs. Askin, Pianist. The Committee were: The President, Conductor and Vice-Conductors, G. Moore, J. Woodward, andG. F. Swainson .The “Independent,” 7th July, 1866, in its report of the fourth concert, states: “The fourth private concert of the Choral Society was held in the Oddfellows' Hall on Thursday, 4th July, 1866. His Excellency Sir George Grey, Major-General Chute, and several members of the General Assembly were present. Sacred and secular music, operatic airs, and several pieces were rendered with great care, and elicited frequent bursts of applause from the audience.”
In 1866 the Choral Society's officers were: His Honour Justice Johnston (president). Mr. W. Mowbray (conductor), and
Mr. W. H. Holmes (secretary and treasurer). The Theatre Royal, Johnston Street (site of Police Headquarters) was opened in 1872. Many will remember the excellent performances held there. The “New Zealand Times,” of the 11th January, 1877, announces the opening of Mr. Bonnington's “Academy of Music.” This two-storied building stood on Lambton Quay, nearly opposite the Government Buildings.
Mr. H. E. Nicholls , in an article published in the “N.Z. Free Lance,” 19th May, 1926, mentions that the first Opera House (Regent Theatre site), Manners Street, was built in 1877, and destroyed by fire in 1879.
The Orchestral Societywas founded in 1879, and conducted by Mr. Angelo Forest until his departure from Wellington.Mr. Robert Parker was conductor from that time to 1886, when it went into recess, and was reformed in 1889 under Mr. J. B. Connolly's conductorship. Other conductors have been Messrs.Otto Schwartz and Mr. Alfred Hill (1895). Mr. Frank Grady was hon. librarian practically all the time. Further information may be obtained from the “Cyclopaedia of N.Z.,” Vol. I., p. 439.
Trinity College Examinationswere established through the instrumentality ofMr. Robert Parker , in 1886–7. The committee comprised Sir Jas. Hector, Mr.J. R. Blair and theRev. W. J. Habens . Mr. Parker was local secretary. (N.Z. Cyc., p. 439.)The second Opera House, built 17th November, 1886, was partly destroyed by fire on the 29th March, 1888, restored 6th December 1888, and was opened by the Amateur Operatic Society with the performance of “The Mikado.” (Nicholls, N.Z. Free Lance, 19/5/26.)
Mr. Robert Parker conducted a Musical Festival in 1888, Herr Puschell, Miss Spensley, and others coming from Christchurch to assist.
The Operatic Societywas established about July, 1888. The officers in 1895 were: Messrs. P. Parfitt (president), J. Duthie, M.H.R., Dr. Collins, W. Ferguson and J. Coates (vice-presidents), P. Levi (hon. secretary and stage manager), A. E. Mabin (hon. treasurer), W. D. Lyon (chairman of committee). (N.Z. Cyc., Vol. I., p. 437.)The
Associated Boardof theRoyal AcademyandRoyal College of Music, London, was established in 1889, and began operations in New Zealand, 1895,Mr. Lee Williams , organist at Gloucester Cathedral, being the first examiner. At that time the work in New Zealand was managed by the Sydney Office, with the help of honorary local representatives in the larger towns; but in 1900Mr. H. A. Parker was appointed resident secretary for New Zealand. In 1904 he retired, and Mr. E. C. Cachemaille was appointed, who holds office to this day. There are now centres for the Board's examinations in fifty towns throughout the Dominion, and two examiners come here annually from London.
The Liedertafeloriginated from the Male Voice Glee Club, called the Orpheus, and founded in 1891.Mr. Robert Parker (conductor), Mr. J. H. Cock (president), later presidents being Messrs. G. L. Tolhurst and Edward Pearce. The first secretary was Mr. R. Hamilton.During the year 1895 the first examinations for
Trinity College Exams. took place, Mr. Myles Birkett Foster, R.A.M., R.C.O., being the pioneer examiner.Mr. Robert Parker , secretary.
The Musical Unionwas established 1895,Mr. T. C. Webb (conductor). Officers for 1896 were Messrs. J. G. Chambers (chairman),S. G. Hamerton (hon. secretary and treasurer). (Cyclopaedia, p. 439.)
A Musical Societywas founded in 1895. Mr. Alfred Hill andMr. Maughan Barnett , joint conductors. Messrs. R. Angus, J. C. Young and H. Crammond (secretaries). (Ibid, p. 438.)
Festival Choral Societyofficers in 1895 were Sir Jas. Prendergast (president), The Bishop of Wellington, Sir Robert Stout,W. T. Glasgow (vice-presidents), Messrs Robert Parker (conductor),T. H. Ritchey (secretary). A detailed account, with list of performances, may be found in the “N.Z. Cyclopaedia,” Vol. I., p. 438.
Musical Unionofficers for 1904: Mr. Wm. Gill (president),Mr. Robert Parker (conductor), Mr. J. W. Jack (treasurer), Mr. A. G. Kemp (hon. librarian),Mr. A. M. Lewis (hon. secretary), Mr. E. C. Cachemaille (asst.-secretary). This Society gave the inaugural performance at the opening of the Town Hall on Dec. 7th, 1904, at 3 p.m., performing Mendelssohn's “Hymn of Praise,” underMr. Robert Parker 's baton. The soloists were: Mrs. W. F. Parsons and Miss Phoebe Parsons, A.R.C.M., soprani; Mr. E. J. Hill, tenor; Herr Max Hoppe, leader of the orchestra; F. W. Rowley, A.R.C.O. organist. At 8 p.m. p.m. a miscellaneous concert was directed byMr. Maughan Barnett . The soloists being Mrs Glover Eaton, L.R.A.M.,Miss Lloyd Hassal , Herr Max Hoppe, and Mr. M. Barnett. The accompanists were Miss Taylor andMr. Cyril Towsey . On Thursday and Friday evenings (8th and 9th) a children's festival chorus of 700 scholars, supplemented by a juvenile orchestra of thirty performers, and conducted byMr. Robert Parker , rendered British songs in a manner that elicited much applause and enthusiasm from the large audiences. The juvenile orchestra, trained by Mr. L. E. Ward for the occasion, were recalled for their separate item “March Flambeaux,” played under his baton. The accompanist for this item was Mr. F. W. Rowley (organ temporarily erected by Mr. A. Hobday). A handsomely illustrated souvenir, showing photographs of the soloists and officials, was prepared for the event. Reproductions of photos of the audience, etc., were published in the “N.Z. Mail,” 14th Dec., 1904.A photograph of the children's choir and orchestra, taken by Mr. Schaef at an afternoon rehearsal, lies before the writer. In the foreground of the picture may be seen
Mr. Robert Parker . The names of some of the children in the orchestra (writing from memory—alas, some have paid the supreme sacrifice at the Great War of 1914–18) are: Misses M. Symonds, M.Marshall, C. Stokes , L. Banks, K. Chemis and — Bird, Masters E. and G.Richards, Keith Kilgour Ward , J.Palmer, Clifford Baker , N. and T.Scott, L. Winter , Chas.Monaghan, L. Grigg ,Phil England , Jack Ewing, N. Oliver, — Drury, C. Hanning and Eric Waters (at the piano). Messrs A. M. Lewis and L. E. Ward are in the background.A report of the proceedings may be found in the “Evening Post,” dated 9th December, 1904.
The Harmonic Society,.—Conductor, Mr.H. Temple-White ; President, Hon.R. A. Wright , Minister for Education; Mrs. Coventry pianiste, andMr. Victor Bennett hon. secretary and treasurer.
The Savage Club Orchestra, established in 1905, has a membership of about 40, including four of the original members, viz., Messrs. F. Grady, C. Palmer, R. Herd, L. E. Ward, and Mr. W. S. D. Best. Former conductors were Herr Max Hoppe, Lieut. Herd, and D. Kenny. Mr. Frank Thomas (Hutt) is (1929) conductor.
The Society of Musicianswere established in 1907. The officers for 1926–27 are: Mr. E. Douglas-Taylor, president; Mr. R. Parker, president emeritus; Miss V. Corliss and Mr. L. F. Watkins, vice-presidents; Mr. F. G. Cray, hon. secretary and treasurer; Messrs. C. W. Kerry, L. Barnes, Robt.Parker, Harrison Cook ,H. Temple-White , E. C. Alderson and Mrs. Meir, council;Mr. R. H. H. Webb , hon. solicitor; Mr. J. H. N. Jack, hon. auditor.
The Orpheus Society,Mr. Len Barnes , conductor (Mr. Harrison Cook, 1929); Miss H. Rowe, accompaniste; Mr. R. V. Robertson, hon. secretary.
Music at Public Schools.—Musical director,Mr. Douglas Taylor , who is the author of “The Secret of Successful Practice,” etc. (Vide “Evening Post,” 8th January, 1926.)
The 2YA Studio and Broadcasting Stationwas established in 1927. The opening concert programme appears in the “Evening Post,” July 7th, 1927. The performers were: The Salvation Army Citadel Silver Band; official opening address by the Right.Hon. J. G. Coates , Prime Minister of New Zealand; song, Miss M. Sawyer; address by the Hon. W. Nosworthy, Postmaster General; instrumental trio,Miss Ava Symons , Messrs. Gordon Short and Geo. Ellwood; address by His Worship the Mayor of Wellington, Mr.G. A. Troup ; song,Mr. W. W. Marshall ; violin solo, Mr. L. J. de Mauny; songs, Miss N. Greene; song (“The Old Spinet”) Mr. W. Renshaw; Municipal Tramways Band (march); Petone Maori Maidens, (“Waiata Maori,” Alfred Hill); Mr. J. W. Goer and party (Hawaiian trio); Mr. Boardman and Miss Sawyer (duet); song, Signor L. Cesaroni; flute solo, Signor A. P. Truda.
Professional Orchestra.—This orchestra, comprising some Savage Club members of the orchestra, held its first practice on the 7th November, 1905. Conductor, Herr Max Hoppe; secretary,Mr. Frank Oakes . A few of the members of this orchestra are valuable acquisitions to the Professional Orchestra now in operation under the baton of Mr. de Mauny. Some former conductors of this fine body of musicians were Messrs. H.Moschini, E. Bloy , and Crowther.Other musical organisations in operation in 1927 are:—
The Royal Choral Society, successfully conducted for several years byMr. H. Temple-White . The president isMr. A. L. Wilson ; treasurer, Mr. W. O. Bock; accompaniste, Miss Dorothy Mills; leader of orchestra, Miss Anderson. Mr. Harrison Cook acted as chorus master for the performance of Verdi's “Aida,” conducted byMr. Colin Muston , of Auckland, on the 5th November, 1927. Mr. A. Don acted in the same capacity for the “Messiah” concert (1927), conducted byMr. Maughan Barnett .Public Band Performances.
Subsidised Bands.—The City has four band rotundas: one at Oriental Bay, one at Newtown Park, one at the Botanical Gardens, and one at Lyall Bay. Band performances are given at regular intervals throughout the year at the various parks and seaside resorts, the Council subsidising six local bands, the amount of the subsidy being £50 per band per annum. The bands at present subsidised are: Jupp's Silver Band, the Wellington Artillery Band, the Wellington Tramways Municipal Band, the 1st Battalion Band, the Central Mission Silver Band and the Wellington Caiedonian Society's Pipe Band. The Council also undertake the cost of advertising the performances. (City Year Book, 1928.)
Modern Drama.—The National Repertory Theatre Society gave its first performance (“Pygmalion”) on the 20th May, 1926. The officers of the society were:Hon. C. P. Skerrett (patron),Mr. D. M. Findlay (president), Miss H. Miles, Messrs W. M. Page, E. S. Baldwin, S. Natusch (committee), F. C. Facer (treasurer), F. H. Burden (secretary), Mr. Leo Du Chateau (director). Executive (1928):Sir Charles Skerrett (patron), Messrs. W. M. Page (president),D. M. Findlay , E. S. Baldwin,W. S. Wauchop (vice-pres.), Mrs. J. Hannah, Messrs.W. S. Wauchop , W.Simm, V. Rhind (committee), F. C. Faser (treasurer), Harrison Cook (secretary and director).
Music Teachers.—The representatives of the Music Teachers Registration Board (created in 1928) comprise the following: Messrs. R. Parker and L. F. Watkins (Wellington), Wm. Hutchens (Wanganui), J. H. Runicles (Palmerston North), H. B. Coney and S. K. Philips (Auckland), A. J. Merton and S. Williamson (Canterbury),V. E. Galway and Charles Gray (Otago).
The Navy Leaguewas founded in London in January, 1895. The Wellington Branch was established in May, 1901, with the lateHon. J. G. W. Aitken as president, andMr. C. W. Palmer as hon. secretary.Sir Alexander Roberts is (1928) president, andMr. Robert Darroch , secretary.On the 28th November, 1851, a meeting of the
New Zealand Societywas held, at whichSir George Grey presided. Amongst other matters, the report that gold had been discovered at the Upper Hutt was considered. New members were elected; these were: Rev R. Taylor, M. A., Messrs. V.Smith, J. Roy , C.E., and Lieut. Paul, 65th Regt. A collection of ores and minerals from Adelaide, South Australia, donated byMr. J. H. Wallace ; ores from Cornwall, donated by Mr. G. Hart, Captain Deck and Mr. S. E. Grimstone; and an engraving of the Moko byMr W. B. Mantell , were received. The society was inaugurated to promote the advancement of science, literature and art, and the development of the resources of the colony.Sir George Grey was its founder and first president. (A. and N.Z. Gaz., 1/5/52; N.Z. Ency., Vol. I., p. 434.)
New Zealand Institute.—The first Scientific Society in New Zealand was founded in 1851, the first president beingSir George Grey , K.C.B., D.C.L. It was named the “New Zealand Society,” and was located in Wellington. The Almanac of 1852 gives Mr. E. Robert's name as secretary. In 1866 the president was Sir Geo. Grey; treasurer,W. M. Bannatyne ; secretary,W. B. Mantell .The New Zealand Institute was established under an Act of the General Assembly of New Zealand, intituled, “The New Zealand Institute Act, 1867.” The Institute commenced with four branch societies in 1869, and only 258 members. But there were eight societies affiliated (1897), and in 1881 there were 1327 members. The Wellington Philosophical Society was one of the affiliated societies incorporated 10th June, 1868. The Board of Governors in 1896 comprised His Excellency the Governor and the Hon. the Colonial Secretary (ex officio). Nominated:
Mr. W. L. T. Travers F.L.S., Sir James Hector, K.C.M.G., M.D., F.R.S., Messrs.W. M. Maskell , Thos. Mason, E. Tregear F.R.G.S. Elected: Messrs. Jas. McKerrow, F.R.A.S.,S. Percy Smith , F.R.G.S., Major-Gen. Schaw, C.B., B.E. Manager, Sir Jas. Hector; hon. treasurer,Mr. W. T. L. Travers : secretary, Mr. R. B. Gore. (Ency. N.Z., p. 175.)
The N.Z. Public Service Associationwas established in 1890. The Rev.W. J. Habens . B.A., was president in 1895; Col. Hume and Messrs. H. W. Northcrop, H. W. Bishop, and C. W. S. Chamberlain, vice-presidents: Messrs. H. Pollen, treasurer; and F. Hartmann, secretary.
Nursing Guild of St. John.—1928: Patroness, Her Excellency Lady Alice Fergusson; president,Mrs. Albert Hase ; vice-presidents, Mrs. S. D. Tripe,Mrs. A. A. Corrigan ; committee,Mesdames W. Young, W. J. Osborn, T. B. Strong, G. Barltrop, E. Balcombe-Brown, Misses E. Young and Littlejohn; hon. secretary and treasurer, Miss E. Rowley; trustees, Messrs. W. H. Sefton, G. A. Troup , O. S. Watkin, More-house,T. M. Wilford , Mrs. E. Balcombe-Brown.
The Philatelic Societywas established in 1888. Its officers in 1895 were: The Postmaster-General (president), Messrs. E. G. Pilcher (vice-president),L. A. Sanderson (hon. secretary and treasurer), Messrs A. T. Bate,H. J. Knowles and F. Lawrenson. The organ of the Society was the “Australian Philatelist.” The membership was 55. (N.Z. Cyc., Vol. I., p. 432.)
The Pioneer Club, as its name implies, was the first women's club established in any of the cities of New Zealand. It was opened on July 30th, 1909 in Winder's buildings, corner of Cuba and Manners Streets, and later removed to Hannah's premises, Lambton Quay. The first president wasMiss Mary Richmond , daughter of the late Judge Richmond, and the first secretary,Miss Amy Kane , daughter of the late W. R. Kane, Esq., of the Bank of New Zealand. The present president isMiss Amy Kane (the first secretary in 1909). Mrs. M. Gillman is the present secretary.
The Polynesian Societywas formed in 1892 to promote the study of anthropology, ethnology, philology, history, and antiquities of the Polynesian race. The president in 1895 was the Right Rev.W. L. Williams , Bishop of Waiapu. Messrs. J. C. Martin,H. D. Johnson ,Elsdon Best ,E. Tregear , F.R.G.S., F.R.Hist.S.,S. Percy Smith F.R.G.S., and theRev. W. J. Habens B.A. (council). The joint secretaries and treasurers were Messrs. Tregear andS. Percy Smith . (Ibid.)
Prevention of Cruelty to Animals.—President, Mr. F. Meadowcroft; secretary and treasurer,Mr. A. M. Anderson , F.P.A., N.Z.; inspector, Capt. J. Henry.
Returned Soldiers' Association.—President, Col. G. T. Hall, C.M.G., C.B.E., (T.D.); vice-president, Lt.-Col. H. E. Avery, D.S.O.; hon. treasurer, Mr. B. Egley; secretary, Major J. T. Watson, C.B.E. (T.D.); committee, Capt. R. H. Nimmo, Messrs. H. W. Cave, H. E. K. Browne, H. T. Marshall, L. J. Maude, F. Gillham, P. Barcham, H. W. Stephenson, A. Gorton.
Rotary Club.—President, D. S. Smith; treasurer, G. D. Hall; secretary, H. Amos; Sergeant-at-arms, N. E. Denniston; vice-president, D. J. McGowan; board of directors, C. E. Blarner, J. Hislop, S. A. Longuet, J. I. Martin, F. W. Vosseler, C. E. Wheeler.South African Veterans' Assn.At a meeting called by the president of the Dominion Executive of the South African War Veterans' Association at the Dominion Farmers' Institute on November 18, 1920, the following officers were elected:—Sir Alfred Robin, (patron), Major T. P. Haipin (president), Lieut.-Colonel D. C. Bates and Captain J. J. Clark (vice-presidents), Messrs. A. S. Houston,
R. A. Wilson , C. E. Clifford, J. H. E. Tilling, J. Watt, H. Hooper, G. E. Taylor, A. Dieker and S. Munn (committee),Mr. W. A. Edwards (secretary and treasurer), Rev. A. W. H. Compton (chaplain).The official publication of the Association, Vol. 1, 1925, contains an illustration of His Excellency the Governor-General (
General Sir Charles Fergusson ), patron; and the Dominion Executive for that year, Colonel Fitzherbert, C.B., C.M.G., life member; Mr. J. A. Simson, president; Colonel E. G. Fraser, Captain J. J. Clark and D. A. Falconer, C.B.E., vice-presidents; Rev. Canon Compton,Lieutenant-Colonel D. C. Bates , Sergt.-Major T. Fletcher, Captain J. J. Clark andMr. D. M. McIntyre , committee; Mr. J. H. E. Tilling, hon. secretary and treasurer.At the annual re-union of the Wellington Branch, 1925, Col. G. T. Hall and Major J. T. Watson, of the R.S.A., Sergt.-Major Mahony and “Billy” Hardham, V.C., were entertained, and the following officers were elected:— Generals Robin and Hart, patrons; Captain J. J. Clark, president;
Colonel D. C. Bates , Major Hardham, V.C., and Captain Henry, vice-presidents; Rev. Compton, chaplain; Messrs.McColl, Wilson , Francis, Tilling,McIntyre, Fletcher ,Riley, Duncan and Edwards, committee, andMr. E. C. Clifford , secretary.St. John Ambulance Association.President for New Zealand, His Excellency the Governor-General; president for Wellington Centre, His Excellency the Governor-General; vice-presidents, His Worship the Mayor, Mr.
G. A. Troup , Bishop Sprott, Archbishop Redwood, Lady Luke, Drs. S. Harcourt, Arthur and R. O. Whyte; chairman, James W. Jack; committee, C. S. Falconer, James W. Jack, J. Hutcheson, Major E. Vine,W. W. Dutton , F. W. Ward, Mrs. Gaby, Mrs. Helyer, Mrs. Barltrop, Mrs. Preston, Mrs. Stace and Miss A. D. Rennie; secretary,Harold C. W. Blick , A.P.A.N.Z.; hon. treasurer,Colonel J. J. Esson ; hon. auditors, James Kellow and Son, F.P.A.N.Z.; hon. solicitors, Perry and Perry. Office, 54 Willis Street.Social Clubs.
The Pickwick Clubwas the first club of this kind to be formed. It was founded on 2nd October, 1840, at Barrett's Hotel (Hotel Cecil site). Rules were printed bySamuel Revans . The entrance fee was fixed at £25, with an annual subscription of £5. The trustees were: Messrs. W. V. Brewer, H. St. Hill, J.P., and Wm. Guyton. Geo. Hunter, J.P., was treasurer, and Major Baker secretary. Colonel Wakefield, J.P., Captain Daniell, Messrs. Jas. Watt, Michael Murphy, P.M., andJ. C. Crawford were the committee. It was confined to members and friends only, and they met everyTuesday evening at 7 o'clock, at Mr. W. Elsdon's Commercial Inn and Tavern. Some of the members were: Major Durie, Major Hornbrook, J. Wade, Captain Hay, Henry Taylor, Robert Waitt and James Smith.
Wellington Club, it is said, was originally founded in 1840, when it was named the Wake-field Club, in honour of Col. Wakefield. It was then situated on Lambton Quay, nearly opposite the Government Departmental Buildings, in the premises since occupied by Messrs. Warnock and Adkins. This name was retained until 1862, when Dr. Featherston was president andMr. W. B. D. Mantell , secretary.The present building on The Terrace was built and opened in 1877. The trustees in 1895 were Colonel Pearce, president; F. D. (Sir Dillon) Bell, Esq., vice-president: Messrs.
W. C. Buchanan ,F. A. Krull , Jas.McKerrow, J. E. Nathan ,C. B. Izard , C.Pharazyn, G. Tolhurst , Sir G. Clifford, Bart., Messrs. A. de B. Brandon, J. R. Blair, J. Duncan, R. M. Simpson, P.Parfitt, J. Ross and Colonel Fox, committee;Mr. N. W. Werry , secretary and manager. The present president is Mr. H. F. Johnston, solicitor; and secretary, Mr. H. D. Linton.
Central Club, established about 1880, occupied part of the old Oddfellows' Hall (T. and G. Building) in 1895. The directors then were: Messrs C. A. Knapp (chairman), John Young,T. G. Macarthy , E. Mason andG. H. Harbroe . Mr. A. I. Masters, secretary and manager. (Cyclopaedia, Vol. 1, p. 409).
Wellesley Clubwas founded in 1891, the first president was Sir Francis Bell, K.C.M.G., K.C., until 1911. The present president is Sir Chas. Skerrett, K.C.M.G., K.C., from 1912. Mr. F. Hartman was the first secretary, and the present secretary isMr. R. E. Bennett .
The Wellington Commercial Travellers' and Warehousemen's Association, 10–12 Victoria Street. The name suggests a strictly business significance, and could very appropriately have underneath it in parenthesis: “The Brotherhood of Men,” on account of its charitable organisations throughout the Dominion. Space is limited wherein to extol the virtues of the brotherhod, which, apart from the good nature, patience and comradeship of its members amongst themselves and the public, is known by its good works and charitable organisations. The inaugural meeting of the club was held in Room 11, Athenaeum Exchange Buildings, Plimmer's Steps, in 1891, when Messrs. G. Davis, J. McNeill,J. McEldowney , G. and T. W. Witt, A. C. Stevenson, C. Biss, and others, met and chose Mr. Gaynor Griffiths as chairman. The latter was elected first president, and Mr. J. J. Reich first secretary. Other presidents in turn have been:—Messrs. J. Duthie. J.Ross, D. J. Nathan , J.Newton, D. Jones , H. Beauchamp, E. C. E. Mills, H. C. Tewsley,W. G. Duthie . G. Pirie. W. J. Bridson, F. W. Manton, W. F. Cuthbertson, A. C. Croll, R.Wilson, W. Higgins , H. Wright, E. A. Little T. E. James, and A. Jacobs (1928). The secretaries were:—J. J. Reich. W. Clayton, O. R. Bendall, Colonel S. Newall. J. G. Chambers, J. C. Penrice, A. J. Carlton and R. E. Selby (1919–1928). The Male Voice Choir, a fine combination, is conducted by Mr. H. Temple White. Mr. W. H. Fordham, long known as “The Father of the Road,” arrived in Wellington in 1867, and travelled the road for about 50 years. Mr. Fordham died on the 20th January, 1924, in his 80th year. The latest list of members is given in the February (1928) issue of their excellent periodical “The New Zealand Traveller.”
Savage Club. The idea of a social club, to foster good fellowship amongst professional men and others, and welcome notable visitors to Wellington, was conceived in the mind ofMr. George Toogood about twenty-four years ago, when he and a few kindred spirits used to meet in a room reserved for them in the Nag's Head Hotel (Alhambra), in Cuba Street, every Saturday evening, and indulge in a sing song, etc.Mr. J. M. Clark , the well-known elocutionist, was consulted, a meeting was held and a provisional committee, comprising, among others, Messrs. Morris Fox,J. M. Clark , T. Wilford (M.P.) and A. M. de Costa, met in Mr. Wilford's office. Another meeting, convened by circular, was held at the Empire Hotel, when a Savage Club, somewhat on the lines of the London Savage Club, was formed. The following officers were elected:—Dr. Collins, Mr. J. Duthie, M.H.R., Dr. Mason, Prof, Easterfield andC. P. Skerrett , vice-presidents; andHon. T. K. MacDonald , Messrs.T. M. Wilford , M.H.R.,H. Von Haast ,J. M. Clark , Dr. A. W. Izard, C.Wilson, A. M. de Costa and W. H. Honey; treasurer, Geo. Toogood; secretary, James (Jimmy) Dykes.The orchestra, a vital adjunct to the Club, held its first practise on the 31st March, 1905, in the large upstair room of the Dresden (Bristol) Piano Co's. rooms, but recently demolished. The following members (quoting from the writer's diary of that date) were:—Herr Max Hoppe, conductor; Messrs.
C. W. Palmer , J. H. Rowley, W. S. Best, C. Von Haast. — Oppler (violins); F. Grady. L. E. Ward and Wolfgang (violas), H. M. McFarlane, H. A. Huggins and Levvey ('cellos); S. Cimino (bass); C. Hill, — Lucy and Thompson (flutes); F. W. Ward (clarinet); A. Grabham (bassoon); F. J. Oakes (cornet); R. Herd (trombone); C. Towsey (drums), and L. Watkins (piano). Some of the committee, Messrs. Dykes. Toogood and Honey, were present. On Saturday, 1st. April, 1905, the Masonic Hall, Boulcott Street, was filled with Savages (in evening dress), who hilariously installed Dr. Collins as Chief Savage. A procession was formed, comprising some of the chief members, wearing Maori mats and carrying spears, etc. A haka was danced, and items were given by the following:—Savages Collins. J. Duthie, Dr. Findlay, T. K. Macdonald (speeches); P. Hockley, Portus,Mee, Wilford .H. Von. Haast (songs): C. Towsey (piano solo); J. M. Clark and Geo. Toogood (elocutionary items); Leslie (ab-original sketch): — Watt (k-nocturne); orchestra (Floradora selection). Mr. Harlen, war correspondent of the London “Chronicle,” was a guest of the evening, and recounted some of his experiences at the seat of war.The first invitation korero was held in the Town Hall on the 17th. May, 1905. Chief Savage, Dr. Collins, presided. The following Chief Savages have occupied the chair from the Club's inception:—Dr. Collins, 1905; Lord Plunket, 1906; Sir J. Findlay, 1907; Professor Easterfield, 1908;
Mr. T. M. Wilford (M.P.), 1909; Colonel Collins, 1910; Lord Islington, 1911: General Godley, 1912; Dr. Newman, 1913; Sir Joseph Ward, 1914; Messrs. F. J. Courtney, 1915; M. Marks, 1916; A. W. Newton, 1917;Rt. Hon. W. F. Massey , 1918; Mr. J. P. Firth, 1919;Mr. W. R. Morris , 1920; Earl Jellicoe, 1921–1924;Sir Charles Fergusson (Ariki-nui), 1925–1928; J. Hislop, 1925; Messrs. E. A. Blundell. 1926; and G. W. Magnus, 1927; Wm. Perry, 1929;R. K. Lyon (secretary); F. Thomas (accompanist).
Orphans' Clubwas established in 1910, the first president being Dr. Izard. The secretary was Mr. R. Keenan; treasurer.Mr. A. G. Batt , and the musical conductor,Herbert Bloy . The executive for 1927 were:—Messrs.M. A. Carr , president, or Chief Orphan;A. Stanley Warwick , secretary; J. H. McIlroy, treasurer and H. Godier, musical director.
Social Club. This club was founded in 1893, under the name of the Temperance Club, but this name was changed in 1895. Messrs. J. S. Edwards, president; Messrs. G. Bedford andT. M. Collins , vice-presidents; and A.Pearson, A. W. Curtis , A. Hutton, L. Giles, J. P. Welsted and H. S. Hood constituted the executive. Dr. Teare and Mr. W. H. Gaudin (trustees), G. Crichton (treasurer), and C. W. Longuet.
Wellington Women's Clubwas established July, 1924. The first president was Lady Pomare, and the hon. secretary Mrs. Ormond Cooper. The president for 1928 is Lady Findlay, and the secretary is Miss H. J. Holywell.
Women's Club, Lambton Quay, was established in 1896. Mrs. Grant was manager, and Miss Lee, secretary.
Working Men's Club and Literary Institutewas established in 1877, in rooms over the old Evening “Post” corner (nearStewart Dawson 's). A move was made to Harding's corner (now Perrett's), Manners and Willis Street, and since 1893 have occupied their present building in Victoria Street. The secretary isMr. Hugh Douglas .Social Welfare Clubs.The trustees of the Aged Needy Society in 1885 were:—The Rev.
H. Van Staveren , chairman; Messrs.'T. W. McKenzie , J. Collins, G. H. Baylis,C. E. W. Willeston , R. C. Kirk.Frederick Bradey and R. Mothes. The secretary wasMr. A. G. Johnson . (Cyclopaedia of N.Z., Vol. 1, p. 359.) The present Committee (1928) are:—Mr. G. Petherick (Chairman); Mrs. H. B. Chapman, Mrs. Hirst, F. J. Evans, W. J. Helyer, G.Petherick, H. W. Kersley , J. Brown and F. Meadowcroft.
Society for the Protection of Women and Children.Patroness, Lady Alice Fergusson; vice-patroness, Lady Stout; president, Mrs. Sprott; vice-presidents, Lady Chapman, Mesdames Evans, Kirkcaldie and Chatfield; hon. treasurer, Mrs. Line; secretary, Miss C. E. Kirk.
War Relief Associationof Wellington (Executive):—President, G. A. Troup (Mayor of Wellington); chairman,L. O. H. Tripp ; vice-chairman,C. M. Luke ; members,L. O. H. Tripp ,G. A. Troup (Mayor of Wellington),Sir John P. Luke , C.M.G., M.P.,C. M. Luke , D. McLaren, C.Watson, G. Shirtcliffe , A.Veitch, Alex . Macintosh, Colonel G. Mitchell and S. J. Harrison (R.S.A.); trustees, Mayor of Wellington andSir John P. Luke , C.M.G., M.P.; secretary and treasurer, A. O. Leach.Winter Show Association.Established February, 1924. Patron, His Excellency the Governor-General, Viscount Jellicoe; president,
Rt. Hon. W. F. Massey , Prime Minister; chairman,Sir John Luke ; vice-chairman,Mr. John Myers ; treasurer, Mr. G. Shirtcliffe; secretary, Colonel G. Mitchell. 1927–28 officers:—Patron, His Excellency the Governor-General, Sir Charles Fergusson; vice-patron,Rt. Hon. J. G. Coates , Prime Minister; president, Mr. C. J. B. Norwood; chairman, Mr. R. H. Nimmo; vice-chairman, Mr. F. G. Cray; treasurer, Mr. J. I. Goldsmith; executive, Messrs.W. Stuart Wilson , J. H. Burgoyne-Thomas, D. J. McGowan, B. Egley, W. M. Bolt, G.Slade, L. A. George , A. Sando and T. Waugh; manager, Colonel G. Mitchell.
Workers' Educational Association. President, Mr. F. D. Cornwall; vice-president,Mr. J. McCallum ; secretary, Mr. J. Read. Professor T. A. Hunter, M.A., M.Sc. (N.Z.).
Y.M.C.A.Mr. James Smith convened a meeting of those interested in the formation of a Young Men's Christian Association, in the year 1866. The meeting was held in Miss Kinniburg's schoolroom, whenMr. Jonas Woodward was elected president and Mr. J. Carley secretary.Mr. James Smith was elected vice-president for that year, and president in the following one. The president for 1928 is Mr. W. J. Mason, and the secretary is Mr. L. J. Greenberg.
Young Women's Associationcommenced its operations in September, 1906, under the leadership of Miss Sorely. Amongthose holding offices for lengthy periods as presidents have been:—Miss McLean, M.A.; Mesdames A. P. Webster, R. Pearson and D. O. McClay (still in office). The secretaries have been Misses Sorely, Jean Wilson, Florence Birch and Elizabeth Dunlop , the latter still being in office. The membership, of one hundred in 1906, has increased to one thousand in 1927–28. The home in Boulcott Street was purchased in 1916, and the first hostel, in McDonald Crescent, was opened in February, 1911. Her Excellency Lady Alice Fergusson is Dominion patroness (v. booklet 21st. Annual Report).Zoological Society. Patron, Sir Robert Stout, K.C.M.G.; vice-patron, His Worship the Mayor of Wellington, Mr.
G. A. Troup ; president, T. Fathers, J.P.; vice-presidents, The Ven. Archdeacon Devoy, the Rev. J. T. Pinfold, D.D., Dr. E. Gordon Anderson,Sir John P. Luke , C.M.G., M.P.,Hon. R. A. Wright , M.P., Messrs. R. Brown, E. Read, H. A. Parkinson, M.A., R. Darroch and W. A. Worth, J.P.; hon. secretary and treasurer, J. Castle, J.P.; hon. auditor, Mr. R. Brown. (City Year Book.)Sports Clubs.The names, when established, and further information about the various clubs may be obtained from the Cyclopaedia of N.Z., pp. 415–431, lodged in the Public Library Reference Room, or General Assembly Library, etc. They are summarised as under:—
Amateur Athletic Club, 1889. Boating (Star), 1865; Bowling (Newtown) 1893, Thorndon —, Wellington, 1886; boxing champions, 1926–27, G. Evatt and A. J. Cleverly (“Free Lance,” 11/5/27).
Caledonian Sports. The “Free Lance,” Sept. 15, 1926, in its Rugby football articles, mentions that: “Douglas Maclean (now Sir Douglas), has been a keen sport at the Caledonian gathering, which has all along had his patronage and assistance. Now-a-days he is chief of the Highland Society, president of the Boxing and Wrestling Association of Hawke's Bay, and also president of the Navy League.
Cricket. The “New Zealand Journay,” 31/7/47, copying from “The Spectator,” states:—“A match came off yesterday at Thorndon Flat, between those in the pay of the Government and the Unpaid. Tents were erected, and a substantial lunch provided for the cricketers by our friend the “Boniface of the Wellington.” The Paid obtained the victory by 26 runs. The batting of Waring was throughout excellent beyond all praise, and his bowling was first-rate. Clouts' bowling was admirable.”In 1863, some of the players were:—Grey, G. Moore,
W. H. Holmes , T. Harvey, L. Buck, C. Borlase, E. Taunton, — Barnard, S. Waters, J. C. Boddington, E. Baker, and W. Bromley. In 1865, a deputation, comprising some of the above, called on the Town Board with reference to the use of the reserve called the “Canal and Basin.” In 1868. a match was played at “Johnny Martin's” paddock (now part Jessie Street) between Volunteers and a crew of H.M.S. Falcon. The Basin was then divided by a drain, which was piped and covered in about 1870, when the Caledonian Society erected a grandstand and caretaker's cottage.Mr. Edward Dixon presented a clock for the grandstand in 1890. It was transferred to the new grandstand in 1927.The “Independent” of the 8th. January, 1870, has a letter written by “One of the I. Zingari,” 6/1/70, with reference to a ground, vix.:—“As the Basin Reserve,
Te Aro , has been converted into a permanent cricket ground, and a recreation ground for Caledonian' and other sports, and a gymnasium is contemplated there, I would suggest the propriety and advise young men, as well as the old ones, of Thorndon to commence at once and agitate for a piece of ground at that end of the city for the same purpose—at any rate for the purpose of practising and playing cricket matches on.… It is a fact that the public have seen some of the best matches played on a piece of ground (public property) commonly known as ClaphaMcs paddock. This is, I believe, a reserve in the hands of trustees, and it has been in contemplation to cut it up into allotments for leasing purposes.”The various clubs were:—Midland, 1883; Phoenix, 1881; Rival, 1884 (Wellington prior to 1869). For season 1894, see illustration on p. 423 Cyclopaedia N.Z., Vol. 1.
Croquet Courts. Twelve greens have been formed for the use of those who have a liking for this class of recreation. The greens are let to the various clubs at an annual rental, the Council being responsible for upkeep.
Kelburn Croquet Courts. During the year a croquet pavilion has been erected at a cost of £1050, for the use of croquet players during the summer. This, with the five courts adjacent, makes an ideal centre for the croquet players to hold tournaments, etc. (City Year Book, 1926).
Cycling. The “Free Lance,” September 15, 1926, in its articles on Rugby football, etc., states: “Douglas Maclean won the first bicycle races ever held in Wellington, in connection with the Caledonian sports on the Basin Reserve. With another, over forty years ago, he rode across the Rimutaka Ranges to Masterton on his big wheel, and he did the long journey on his high bicycle to Napier, when the roads were much inferior to what they are now; very few of the rivers were bridged, and most of them had to be forded.”Wellington Club, 1891 (see Cyclopaedia N.Z., p. 429 for illustration). Prominent riders 1926–27 are C. Flett and T. Oakley* (“Free Lance,” 11/8/1927.)
Football.Mr. J. C. Monro, of Palmerston North, writing in the “Free Lance,” 1st April, 1925, p. 40, gives an account of football matches in 1862. “The first match,” he writes, “was held at Nelson in 1868.”
“It was a kind of Soccer, when Rugby was unknown.
“A football club was formed in Nelson, and some hybrid rules, imported from Melbourne, were played.
“The first interprovincial match was held on a vacant section off Hobson Street.”
On Saturday, September 10th, Messrs. Monro and Barry Goring walked out to Lower Hutt to erect goal posts in one of LudlaMcs paddocks. The Nelson team arrived by the “Tuna,” and on Monday, Prosser's drays took the team to the Hutt. Owing to previous rain the ground was too wet to play there, so they played at Petone (locality of the railway station). The team was led by Captain J. C. R. Isherwood.
The last game under Melbourne rules, which had been introduced by C. D. McIntosh, and which were known as “Blackfellows” game by Rugbyians, was that of June 24th.
A reference to the game in its early stages is made in Chapter XV. The history of the Association is set out in detail on p. 424, Cyclopaedia N.Z., together with illustrations of the Athletic, 1877–1895; Poneke, 1883–1892; and Wellington, 1870–1895; Melrose, 1887; Petone, 1889. The junior class in 1895 were: Oriental, Selwyn, St. Patrick's College, and Wellington College; and the Wednesday clubs were the Drapers, Pirates, and United Tradesmen. A series of articles in the “Free Lance,” commencing August, 1926, on “Our Rugby Champions, Veterans of Early Days,” written by “Touchline,” carry one's mind back to the early football struggles at the Basin and Newtown Park. Portraits accompany some of the articles, amongst which are
Sid Nicholls , Poneke captain (1883);Colonel G. F. C. Campbell (1875); the first secretary Athletic Club, C. J. Monro (1870). First Nelson match.—The Nelson team being: Drew, Tennant, Butt, Clark, Burnes, Adams, Otterson, Cross, Hill, Blundell, Williamson, Monro, W. and T. Nicholson, and another. The Wellington team comprised: Isherwood, Ollivier, Beetham, Park, Nation, Beale, Crampton, Travers, Baker, Hoggard,Vivian, Prosser and McAra. Other names mentioned as playing in the second match against Nelson are: Maclean, Cockburn-Hood, Monro, Park, Gore, James, Riddiford, Arthur and Bishop.
Golf.—A club was formed in 1895. Its officers for that year were: His Excellency the Earl of Glasgow, president;Mr. L. O. H. Tripp , secretary; Mr. J. Duncan, treasurer;Mr. T. T. Wardrop , captain; Messrs. Martin Chapman, D. R. Caldwell, D. B. Howden and E. Jackson: Mrs. H. D. Bell, captain ladies' division; Miss Duncan, secretary; Miss G. Hutchinson,Mrs. A. D. Crawford , and officers (committee). The “Free Lance,” 11/5/1927, shows the amateur golf champion (Mr. A. D. S. Duncan ) and the cup. Also, Mr. A. J. Shaw, open golf champion for season 1926–27. Both are Wellington players.
High Jumpchampion, 1926–27,Mr. Frederick Bradey (junr.) The first New Zealand amateur to clear 6ft. (“Free Lance,” 11/5/27). Mr. Bradey is the great-grandson ofMr. Francis Bradey , the Pahautanui old identity, who arrived in Wellington in 1840.
Hockey.—All Blacks champions (1928): A. Burton, K. Perrin (captain), Ireland, C. Watts, R. Butler, G. Fletcher, D.Woodfield, N. R. Jacobson , A.Mahoney, H. Hore , E. Watts, S. Bell, and G. Soper (“Free Lance,” 11/5/27).
Jump(broad), 21ft. 8in.; and putting the shot, 37ft. 6 1/2in.—E. G. Sutherland, 1926–27 (“Free Lance,” 11/5/27).
Pigeon Shooting.—The first pigeon shooting match, betweenGeorge Duppa , Esq., and theHon. Arthur Petre , was held atTe Aro , in 1846, the terms being 18 birds each, at 20 yards rise, with the usual bounds. It was the first attempt to introduce this amusement in New Zealand. The pigeons were of English breed. The Pigeon Flying Club, 1891; Poultry, Pigeon and Canary Society, 1881.
Polo Club, established 1894.—(Cyclopaedia N.Z., Vol. 1, p. 430.)
Rifle Shooting.—(Fig. 313 Reuben King).
Racing Club, established 1840–42, and 1875.
Rifle Shootingwas established 1872. Lieut. Mark Maxton of Greytown, kindly sent the writer a photo of the first membership card, showing his success, and particulars.
Rowing. The Wellington Rowing Club was established in 1884. The champion four-oared crew of 1889–90 were: Messrs. W. Bridson, E. J. Rose, T. Sullivan andT. McKay . The Star Boating Club was established in 1865. Its first quarters are shown in the early pictures of Brandon's Corner and the Government Reserve (now the Parliamentary lawn). These were moved with the progress of reclamation, first to the site of Victoria Street, near the Empire, and later to the site, shown in the Cyclopaedia of N.Z., Vol. 1, p. 417, wherein full information about the club and its officers in 1895 is given. The “Dominion,” 28/3/1928, shows Wellington's intended Olympic representative, H. F. McLean, who started rowing with the Star Boating Club last season, and rowed as a novice. An article by “Sculls” on the Halyburton Johnston Shield race for 1928 is given in the same issue.
Runners. Successful Wellington runners during the season 1926–27 were: Randolph Rose (1, 2 and 3 mile Australasian record), J. T. Fleming (440yds.), and Misses Porter,Swinburne, Stephenson and Manttan (Ladies' relay team). Miss Manttan is the 100yds. ladies' champion; time, 11 3–5sec. (an Australasian record).
Sailing and Yacht Clubs. The Arawa Sailing Club's officers in 1895 were:—Messrs.T. Y. Wardrop (commodore), and C. M. Banks (Cyclopaedia N.Z., Vol. 1, p. 416–418).The Port Nicholson Yacht Club was formed in 1883. Its club room was in the Empire Hotel in 1895, the officers being:—Messrs. E. W. Mills (commodore), G. Mee (vice-commodore), J. H. Jack (treasurer), J. B. Speed (secretary).
The Thorndon Yacht Club was formed in 1889, the shed stood on Thorndon Quay. The captain for 1895 was
Mr. Martin Chapman ; the secretary and treasurer, Mr. A. E. Dean. “The Season's Yachting,” an article by “Nereus.” for 1927–28, may be found in the “Dominion,” 28/3/1928.
Swimming.—A club was established in 1894 by Messrs.R. C. Renner , T. Evans, J. Driscoll and E. J. Fleming. Officers in 1896 were:—Dr. Chapple, president; Sir Robert Stout, Sir H. D. Bell;Messrs, J. Duthie , W. Allen, T. Shields, vice-presidents: F. Pullen, captain, (Ency., Vol. I., p. 418.)
Tenis. The Thorndon Tennis Club was the only club affiliated to the Wellington Provincial Lawn Tennis Association. It was founded in 1881 as a proprietary club. The committee in 1895 were:—Messrs. F. A. and M. Kebble and C. S. Brandon. The champions for that year were: Miss Nunnelay and Mr. H. Parker (N.Z. Lawn Tennis Tournament). The Club champion for 1895 was Miss Kennedy. The champions for 1926–27 were Miss A. Howe (Wellington), C. Malfroy (Wellington), boy tennis champion, and Mr. E. D. Andrews (Palmerston North), tennis champion.
Trampers.—The Tararua Tramping Club was established by Mr. F. Vosseler in 1918.Mr. A. N. Smith (State Fire Office) is secretary.
Tiki.The original sketch of the tiki reproduced on this page was drawn by Major-General Robley, at the advanced age of eighty-seven, and sent by him to Lady Maclean in 1927. The General wrote recently in a firm hand, giving his present address: c/o New Zealand Government Offices, 415 Strand, London, WC2.
Major-General Horatio Gordon Robley was born on the 28th June, 1840. Served in the Maori War, 1862–1866. He had a remarkable collection of baked Maori heads and Maori curios. Many of his illustrations and drawings appeared in “The Graphic,” “Illustrated London News.” “Punch,” “Cassell's,” etc. He also wrote books on “Moko, or New Zealand tattoo”; “Notes on New Zealand Greenstone,” etc.Mr. Elsdon Best, has, at the writer's request, described the tiki as follows: “The grotesquely fashioned tiki may be viewed as a symbol of good fortune. To the Maori of yore it was a fructifying symbol, hence it was worn by women, and this fact also accounts for its peculiar form. The name it bears is that of a personification connected with fertility,”
Explanatory Note.
* Denotes Illustration
† Denotes Biographical Sketch.
S. Denotes Ship.
Abbott, M. E., 106.
Abbott, N., 431.
Aborigines, 410.
Absalom, Mr., 457.
Academy (Fine Arts), 1882, 486.
“Acasta” (S.), 469.
Acclimatisation Soc. (1849–1895), 487.
Acheson, Mr., 380.
Acland, —., M.P., 449.
A'court, C., 106.
A'court, Jas., 106.
A'court, —., M.P., 449.
Adair, —., 178.
Adderley, Sir C. B., 154.
Ade, G., 99.
Adye, W., 203.
“Africaine” (S.), 468.
Agaga, T., 103.
Aglionby, H. A., 35, 195–198, 200, 204, 233, 439, 447, 449, 450.
“Agra” (S.), 160.
Agriculture Association (1840), 487.
Ahi-parera, 189.
Ahi-mai-rangi Range, 189.
Aicken, G., 177.
“Airedale” (S.), 293.
Aitken, Mrs., 86.
Aitken Street, 210.
Akautangi, 189.
Aked, E., 198.
Aked, J., 198.
Alan, Lieut., 153.
Albert Hotel (see Old Identities).
“Albion,” H.M.S., 345.
Albion Shipping Co., 470.
Aldred, Miss, 113.
Alexander, D., 84.
Alexander, E. N., 200.
Alexander, Sir J., 260.
Alexander Home, 231.
Allan, A. S., 457.
Allan, J. and M., 99.
Allan, J., 404.
Allan, J. A., 457.
Alldridge, J. C., R.N., 428.
Allen, A., 211.
Allen, E., 103.
Allen, Mr., 112.
Allen, James (Sir), 242.
Allen, Jane, 91.
Allen, John, 76.
Allen, R. A., 458.
Allen, T., 183.
Allen, W. (Bugler), 136.
Allenby, General, 384.
All Fools Day, 261.
Allington, H., 239.
Allington, T., 96.
Allom, C. E. (Lieut.), 46.
Allsop, W., 138.
Alston, W. F., 94.
Alton, — 77.
Alvern, F., 194.
Alzdorf, Baron C., 33, 57, 108, 112, 115, 149, 159, 161, 163, 288, 421.
Ama, Mrs., 402.
Amahau, 15.
“
American Consul, 401.
Amos, G. F., 91.
Amos, H., 499.
Amusements, 180.
Anchor Co. (1867), 470.
Anderson, Captain, 363.
Anderson, M., 84.
Anderson, O. J., 462.
Andrews, S., 106.
Angell. J., 99.
Angus, R., 497.
Ankatell, Mr., 110.
“
Annear. W., 74.
“
Anson, J. O., 494.
Antipodean Lodge (1848), 377.
Aplin, J., 241.
Appendix, 486.
Apuka Street, 228.
“Aquilla” (S.), 467.
“Arawata” (S.), 238.
Arcade, 264.
Archer, Mr., 87.
Arcus, Mr., 233.
“Ariel” (S.), 467.
Armistice Day, 383.
Arney, Sir G. A., 419.
Aro Stream, 210.
Aro Trig, 210.
Arthur, —. 179.
Arthur, W., 428.
Artillery Volunteers, 174, 261, 270, 363, 380, 421, 430, 432,* 434, 435.
Ashbridge, W., 218.
Ashburton, Lord, 447.
Ashcroft, Miss, 492.
Ashley, Lord, 384.
Ashley, M., 54.
Ashmore, J., 318.
Ashworth, T., 76.
Assembly in Arms, 123.
“Asterope” (S.), 469.
Astill, J., 269.
Astronomical Soc. (1928), 487.
Atchison, F., 311.
Athenaeum, 130, 143, 165, 225, *249, 254, 291, 391, 487, 500.
Atkins, Mr., 392.
Atkinson, H. and M., 99.
Atkinson, M. A., 37.
Atkinson, Mr., 118.
Atlanta Union Co., 237.
“Atlas” (S.), 467.
Attenbury, M., 73.
Attorney General, 359.
Attwood, Cap., 106.
Attwood, S., 106.
Atuawe Ra. 19.
Au-a-Tane, 265.
Aubrey, A. and C., 115.
Auckland Military, 132.
Auckland Train, 382.
Auckland “Weekly News,” 5, 222–225, 267, 282, 293, 294, 299.
“Aurora” (S.), 23, 25, 26, 172, 182, 183, 375, 385, 441, 467.
Austin, J., 459.
Austin Street, 210.
Australian Biography, 331.
Australian Inn, 70.
Australian Mutual Soc., 221.
Automobile Club (1905), 488.
Avery, A. and G., 91.
Avery, E., 37.
Avery, Col. H. E., 499.
Baber, Miss, 409.
Babot, Cap., 469.
Baggarley, W., 460.
Bagman, A. and W., 99.
Bagshaw, J. C. (Rev.), 392.
Bagster, —, 441.
Bailey, M. and T., 99.
Bailey, G., 449.
Baillie, Col., M.P., 449.
Baillie, G., 218.
Baillie, J., 312.
Baird, W., 312.
Baker, Emily, 462.
Baker, J., 25.
Baker, Major R., 23, 43, 50, 53, 59, 63, 82, 88, 89, 108, 118, 121, 131, 132, 143, 150, 153, 370, 426, 429, 456, 457, 459, 462, 499.
Baker Susan, 80.
Baker Street, 313.
Balaclava, 165.
Balharty, D. and M., 113.
Ball, Plymouth, 448.
Ball, E., 225.
Ballarat, 344.
Ballard, J., 456.
Ballard, W. A., 142.
Ballinger, F. J., 413.
Ballinger, T., 413.
Ballingers, 223.
Balneavis, H. C. (Cap.), 429.
Balneavis, H. R. K., 414.
Baltrass, Mr., 74.
Bamford, J., 275.
Bampson, W., 269.
Bands (Brass), 185.
“Bangalore” (S.), 424.
Bank (N.S.W.), 259.
Bank of Issue, 250.
Banks, Sir J., 300.
Banks, S., 448.
Bannatyne, W. M., 151, 153, 165, 169, 225, 234, 305, 325, 374, 398, 411, 427, 495, 498.
Bannerman. —, M.P., 449.
Bannister, John (Mayor of Windsor), 387.
Bannister, M., 37.
Bannister, T., 201.
Banquet (Native Chiefs), 287.
Baptisms, 386.
Barb, T. and W., 107.
“
Barber, W., 300.
Barclay, A., 160.
Barclay, Lieut., 429.
Baring Head, 475.
Barker, A., 86.
Barker, E. O., 429.
Barker, J. R., 37.
Barker, M., 86.
Barker, R. S., 231.
Barker, S., 86.
Barklay, M. (M.P.), 449.
Barley, 114.
Barnard, Jas., 25.
Barnard, Lieut., 138.
Barnard, W., 308.
Barnard, W. H., 300.
Barnes, A., 94.
Barnes, C., 37.
Barnes, H., 99.
Barnes, L., 497.
Barnes, N., 94.
Barnes, R., 460.
Barnes, R. B., 461.
Barnett, A. A., 221.
Barnett, A. G., 423.
Barnett, C., 99.
Barnett, D., 23.
Barnett, E., 113.
Barnett, G., 151.
Barnett, H., 23.
Barnett, R., 113.
Barnett Street, 455.
Barnicoat, 115.
Baron, A., 480.
Baron, G., 76.
Baron, H., 76.
Barr, W., 195.
Barraclough, E., 374.
Barras, J., 86.
Barratt, M. A. and W., 106.
Barraud, C. D., 16, 153, 175, 240, 290, 303, 320, 322, 332*, 456, 457.
Barrett, J., 300.
Barrett, R., 14, 15, 17, 22, 50, 56, 69, 94, 160, 250, 301, 332,† 333, 350.
Barrett's Hotel, 56, 61, 70, 73, 78, 81, 93, 96, 97,* 99, 112, 128, 129, 135, 137, 142, 167, 250, 252,* 253, 268, 348, 370, 371, 376, 411, 419, 495.
Barrow, Louisa, 76.
Barry, Cap., 153.
Barry, E., 458.
Bartlett, G., 99.
Barton, J., 429.
Barton, M., 458.
Barus, J., 86.
Basilica, 412.
Bassett, W., 27.
Baths, Thorndon, 307.
Bates, Rev. D. C., 499.
Batham, 409.
Batkin, C. J., 234.
Batkin. G., 432.
Batt, J., 201.
Batten, G., 457.
Batteries, 118.
Bazaar, 165.
Beach (See Lambton Quay).
Beachen, F. and G., 80.
Beard, 313.
Beardmore, Dr., 63.
Beauchamp (Katherine Mansfield), 241.
Beaumont, G., 200.
Beaumont, J., 205.
Beckers, E., 33.
Beckham, 426.
Bedkober, W., 298.
“Bee” (S.), 467.
Beech. G., 283.
Beere, E. H., 296.
Beere, G., 278.
Beere, Col. St. J., 409.
Beere, W. O., 295.
Beetham, W. H., 469.
Beit, —, 450.
Bell, A., 103.
Bell, D., 300.
Bell, E. W., 456.
Bell, F. D. (Sir), 49, 99, 118, 128, 143, 163, 268, 333,† 341, 346, 405, 418,* 426, 427, 456, 458, 461, 480.
Bell, Sir F. H. D., 5, 260, 333,† 398, 399,* 408, 493, 494, 500.
Bell, H., 462.
Bell, H. A., 461.
Bell, J., 103.
Bell, P., 469.
Bell, Sergt.-Major, 363.
Bell, W. G., 85.
Bell, Birds, 385.
Bellinghausen, —, 464.
Belliss, H., 469.
Benevolent Institutions, 357.
Benge, D., 91.
Benge, J. D., 183.
Benge, O. H., 495.
Benge, R. S. W., 91.
Bennett, Captain, 120.
Bennett, C., 33.
Bennett, F. A., 393.
Bennett, H., 54.
Bennett, M., 91.
Bennett, R., 202.
Benseman, S. L., 194.
Benson, W., 99.
Bentinck, Lord, M.P., 449.
Bentley, H., 460.
Benton, E. F. M. and T., 106.
Berard, Commander, 117.
Beresford, Lieut, H. B., 428.
Berhampore Links, 223.
Berman's, 259.
“Bernian” (S.), 115.
Berry, E. J. and F. T., 73.
Best, Captain, 118.
Best, Dr., 461.
Best, Elsdon, 5, 189, 208, 283, 289, 294, 295, 308, 333,† 370, 375, 421, 464, 484, 485,* 499, 507.
Best, Lieut., 53.
Berwick, —, 302.
Bethune and Hunter, 36, 50, 131, 132, 147, 151, 154, 165, 168, 215, 226, 247, 280,* 304, 305, 314, 323, 325, 326, 333, 349, 364, 367, 374, 379, 386, 393, 422.
Bethune, K., 22, 59, 71, 108, 122, 132, 137, 153, 197, 207, 316, 320, 333,† 494, 495.
Bett, Dr. 431.
Betts, A., 115.
Betts-Hopper, 6, 25, 26, 30, 39, 41, 53, 61, 63, 65, 193, 200, 202, 206, 234, 356, 384, 442,* 476.
Bewick, W., 108.
Bevan, J., 136.
Bezeek, G., 84.
Biddle, A. B. and E., 91.
Bijou, Theatre, 421.
Binns, C., 76.
Binns, R., 25.
Binns, S., 76.
Biographical Sketches, 331.
Birch, F. A., 297.
Bird's Eye View, Port Nicholson, 18.
Birmingham, J., 86.
Birnie, —, 115.
Birrell, John, 73.
Births from 1840, 455.
Bishop, A. C. and H. A., 408.
Bishop, G., 179.
Bishop of Wellington, 173.
Biss, S., 494.
Bissett, Cap. J. F., 467.
Blackburn, H. M., 211.
“Blackwood's” Magazine, 439.
Blair, A. W., 494.
Blake, C., 458.
Blake, E. M. and R., 91.
Blakey, H., 204.
Bland, A. (Lieut.), 428.
Blankley, Lieut, H. D., 428.
Blenheim Borough Council, 120.
Blewett, Captain, 410.
Bligh, Mr., 99.
Blow, N. J. H., 470.
Bloy, H., 501.
“Blue Peter” (S.), 470.
Blundell, E. A., 501.
Blundell, M., 54.
Blundell, W., 54.
Blyth, Isabella and J., 73.
Boardman, —, 321.
Boat Races, 171.
Boles, —, 63.
Bollins, Captain, 414.
Bolt, T., 136.
Bolton, G., 311.
Bolton, H., 314.
Bolton, J., 54.
Bolton Row, 252.
Bond Street (See Old Custom House Street), 279.
Bonfires, 257.
Bonnington, —, 496.
Books and Pamphlets, 367.
Boon, R., 23.
Borrell, G., 449.
Borthwick, R., 312.
Boscowan, —, 178.
Bottomley, C., 54.
Boulcott, J. E., 6, 108, 122, 132, 136, 191, 192, 196, 199, 200, 204–206, 211, 246, 302, 318, 370, 439.
Boulcott School, 136.
Boulcott Street, 131, 211, *212, 264, 370, 387, 404, 406, 407, 457, 473, 495.
Bowdler, H. and J., 37.
Bowen Street Hospital, 372.
Bowers, G. H., 384.
Bowler, E., 442.
Bowler, J., 241.
Bowling (1886), 502.
Bowring, Dr., 449.
Boyd, J. V., 470.
Boyd, S., 490.
Boyle, Hon. Courtenay, 437.
Boyle, C. and R., 33.
Boysen, J. and P., 76.
Boys' Institute (1892), 488.
Boxing (1926), 502.
Bracken, H., 265.
Bracket, T., 128.
Bradey, C., 60.
Bradey, E., 33.
Bradey, Francis, 33, 56, 59, 61, 115, 153, 167, 183, 204, 214, 255, 281, 318, 335,* 337, 451, 469.
Bradey, F. (Junr.), 504.
Bradey, J., 451.
Bradey, M., 958.
Bradey, N., 451.
Bradfield, R., 460.
Bradley, F., 458.
Bradnock, —, 241.
Bradshaw, J. and M., 103.
Bradshaw, J. E., 404.
Bragge, A., C. and J. R., 99.
Bragge, J., 312.
Bragge, J. W., 325.
Braithwaite, A., 314.
Bramley, L., 201.
Brand, —, 448.
Brandon, A. de B., 59, 82, 137, 153, 165, 169, 180, 190, 213, 231, 232, 234, 318, 327, 337,† 344, 370, 405, 408, 418,* 424, 458, 459, 500.
Brandon, C. S., 408.
Brannigan, —, 229.
Branger, J., 459.
Brash, W., 28.
Brass, J. D., 239.
Brass Bands, 498.
Breach of Municipal By-Laws, 180.
Breaker Bay, 18.
Brees, S. C., 13, 21, 31, 41, 44, 49, 88, 97, 105, 108, 117, 134, 210–212, 224, 232, 233, 255, 262, 283, 288, 310, 337,† 338, 369, 370, 451, 468, 475, 476, 480, 481, 484.
Breezz, 67.
Brett G., 384.
Brett, H., 375.
Brett, R., 136.
Brewer, H., 370.
Brewer, W., 106.
Brewer, W. V., 82, 95, 121, 129, 166, 218, 261, 262, 263, 300, 457, 499.
Brice, J., 108.
Brick Houses, 311.
Bridge Town (Hutt), 458.
Brierly, M., 153.
Brigs and Schooners, 470.
Briggs, E. and G., 91.
Briggs, General, 449.
Briggs, W. P., 205.
Bright, F., 229.
Brightwell, T., 134.
Briscoe, J. I., 201.
Britannia Lodge, 494.
British Authority, 131.
British Battleships, 383.
Brittain, W., 54.
Brungar M., 76.
Broadbent, H. and W., 113.
Broderick, C., 94.
Broggraf, E. and J., 37.
Bromley, Lieut. C., 428.
Bromley, J., 462.
“Bronan” (S.), 115.
Bronger, J., 261.
Brook, W. H., 490.
Brook Street, 213.
Brooks, A., 25.
Brooks, S., 54.
Brosnahan, P., 54.
Brougham Street, 213.
Brown, A. W., 398.
Brown, C. H., 418.
Brown, C. W., 183.
Brown, D., 84.
Brown, Dav., 23.
Brown, D., 233.
Brown, F., 73.
Brown, H., 91.
Brown, Jo., 23.
Brown, J. C., 233.
Brown, L., 321.
Brown, M. G., 458.
Brown, Okiwi, 260.
Brown, P., 28.
Brown, Prof., 407.
Brown, R., 108.
Brown, Sar., 79.
Brown, W., 241.
Brown, W. G., 295.
Brown, W. H., 108.
Brown and Ross (stables), 252.
Browne, A., 54.
Browne, C. T., 265.
Browning (M.P.), 447.
Bruce, A., 84.
Bruce, B. H. and P., 80.
Bruce Avenue, 228.
Brunner, T., 482.
Brunskell, W., 265.
Bruton, Mr., 403.
Bryan, —, 403.
Bryant, E., 439.
Bryant, Sir J., 448.
Bryant, J. C., 183.
Bryant, J. W., 183.
Bryant, U., 25.
Bryson, C. and T., 86.
Buchanan, W. C., 500.
Buchanan, W. T., 28.
Buck, Captain, 312.
Buck, E., 183.
Buck, M., 103.
Buck, —, (M.P.), 449.
Buckeridge, A., 459.
Buckeridge, R. J. S., 461.
Buckland, —, 113.
Buckland, C. R., 408.
Buckland, T., 313.
Buckle, H., 448.
Buckle Street, 409.
Budden, —, 314.
Budder, Mr., 118.
Buick, A., 96.
Buick, C., 234.
Buick, D., 289*.
Buick, H., 239.
Bulkley, Ensign, 153.
Bulkley, M., 448.
Bull, C., 269.
Bullen, F., 242.
Buller, E. A., 458.
Buller, St., 215.
Bullock Drivers and Team, 46, 68, 69, 86, 208, 244*, 253, 262, 263, 376.
Bulls (Rangitikei), 343.
Boilteel, Lady and Sir, 448.
Bumforth, Mr., 119.
Bunbury, Major, 53.
Burbridge, Miss, 273.
Burcham, H., 462.
Burden, A. E., 229.
Burdwood, J., 428.
Burgess, R., 182.
Burleigh, Mr., 101.
Burley, —., 106.
Burlington Arcade, 220.
Burn, B. G. H., 235.
Burnand, C. D., 316.
Burnand, G., 200.
Burnes, G., 408.
Burnett, A. and J., 113.
Burnham Wharf, 215.
Burroughs, W., 84.
Burrows, A., 86.
Burrows, Rev. R., 392.
Burt, A. and W., 73.
Burt, J., 92.
Burt, T., 94.
Burton, E. J. M. and W., 86.
Busby, —., 182.
Bush, —., 70.
Bush, J. and W., 92.
Butcher, S., 23.
Butler, C., 37.
Butler, J. and S., 54.
Butler, H., 37.
Butler (M.P.), 449.
Butler, J. H., 77.
Butler, L., 37.
Butler, M., 77.
Butler, Stoney, 353.
Butts, G., 408.
Butts, Lieut.-Col., 363.
Byko Corner, 325.
Cable, 221.
Cable Street, 455.
Cachemaille, E. C., 496.
Cail, J., 494.
Caines, M. and W., 84.
Calder, R., 416.
Caledonian Hotel, 308.
Callaghan, T., 461.
Caiman, D., 321.
Calmuck Tartar, 76.
Calvert, W., 106.
Calway, J. D., 241.
Camera Club (1892), 489.
Cameron, General, 335.
Cameron, Isa, 79.
Cameron, J. and M., 79.
“Camil'e” (S.), 373.
Campbell, E., 218.
Campbell, F. E., 418.
Campbell, J. L., 418.
Campbell of Islay, 438.
Campbell, R., 33.
Camphill, A. M., 384.
Campion, E. J., 234.
Canadian Park Authorities, 414.
Canal Reserve, 367.
“Canard” (S.), 469.
Cankwell, Mr., 94.
Cannibalism, 13.
Cannon, W., 54.
Canoes, Race, 76.
“Canterbury Times,” 5.
Cape Palliser, 463.
Cape Terawhiti, 22.
Capper, J. H., 213.
Carbine Rifles, 127.
Carey, Mrs., 448.
Cargill, Mrs., 459.
Cargo Ships (1840), 46.
Carillon, 369.
“Carinthia” (S.), 470.
Carkeek, A. W., 484.
Carkeek, S., 153, 211, 223, 234, 269, 320, 374, 405, 411, 426.
Carleton, H., 418.
Carlton Hotel, 493.
Carman, T., 469.
Carnegie, J. P., 428.
Carley, A. M., 77.
Carlyon, —., 178.
Caroll, Miss. 233.
Carpenter, H., 103.
Carpenter, K., 457.
Carr, J. B. C., 321.
Carr, M., 501.
Carr, T., 321.
Carrington, W. T., 190.
Carrington St., 215.
Carroll, Sir G., 448.
Carruthers, J. F., 320.
Carswell, J. and R., 312.
Carter, M. and T., 37.
Casey, J., 246.
Castle Doleful, 281.
Castlereagh Street, 313.
“Castilian” (S.), 336.
Catchpool, E., 23, 25, 59, 64, 108, 147, 153, 166, 197, 206, 222, 223, 270, 303, 316, 324, 325, 461*, 471.
“
Catholic Apostolic Church, 316.
Cator, C., 424.
Catt, W., 283.
Cattell, W., 460.
Caughley, R., 358.
Cautley, W. O., 426.
Caw, J., 197.
“Celaeno” (S.), 470.
Cemetery (Bolton and Sydney Sts.), 135, 144, 211, 251, 258, 275, 276, 371–374, 387, 415, 445, 506.
Cemetery (Mount St.), 184.
Cemm, J., 23.
Cenotaph, 383.
Census (1842), 410.
Central Club (1880), 500.
Central Park, 413.
Central Terrace, 348.
Certificate of Selection, 59.
Chaffers, Cap. E. M., 14, 22, 50, 99, 309, 466, 467, 469, 474, 475, 484.
Chaffers Street, 455.
“Challenger,” H.M.S., 172.
Chalmers, Miss. 243.
Chamber of Commerce, 165, 168, 296, 334, 349, 350, 372, 489.
Chambers, J. G., 497.
Champney, 113.
Chapel, J., 494.
Chapman, C. H., 423.
Chapman, F. R. (Sir), 5, 6, 98, 229, 303, 311, 340, 341†, 367, 397, 459, 485*, 501.
Chapman, H., 103.
Chapman, H. S. (Hon.), 6, 47, 82, 128, 129, 142, 160, 207, 239, 240, 246, 272, 295, 327, 339†, 340*, 341, 345, 391, 416, 424*, 436, 448, 456, 457.
Chappell, H. and J., 320.
Chapple, J. and M., 103.
Charlotte Avenue, 228.
Charlotte St. (see Molesworth St..).
Charten, Mrs., 392.
Charts and Maps. 483.
Chase, Major, 448.
Chase, S. C., 457.
“Cheerful” (S.), 468.
Cheesemaking (early), 117.
Cherry, Cap., 465.
Chesneywold, 391.
Chetham, A. and E., 131.
Chetham, S. and W., 73.
Chevalier, N., 273.
Child, J. W., 23.
Children's Dress (1860), 340.
Chippendale, C., 234.
Chipperfield, S. and W., 80.
Chisholm, A., 77.
Chisholm, J., 79.
Chisholm, J. W., 218.
Chittenden, E. and L., 99.
Chittey, J., 225.
Chitty, Mr., 110.
Choice of Sections, 342.
Christian, W. F., 461.
Christie, W., 84.
Christy, J., 261.
Chronological List of Books, 369.
Chronological List of Events, 375.
Churches, 21, 36, 39, 85, 128, 135, 212, 239, 245, 252–255, 262, 268, 309, 369, 371–373, 384–395, 405, 415, 416, 446.
Churton, C. L., 458.
Churton, H., 206.
Churton, M., 37.
Chute, W. T., 449.
City Arms, 395.
City Rifles, 430.
“City of London” (S.), 117.
City Year Book, 370.
Civic Reception, 117.
Civil Service, 168.
Civil Service Assn. (1890), 498.
Claggitt, G., 91.
“Clara” (S.), 154.
Claridge, H. G., 294.
Claridge, T., 185.
Clark, E., 27.
Clark, G., 25.
Clark, G. M., 241.
Clark, Jabez, 404.
Clark, J., 54.
Clark, J. J., 499.
Clark, J. M., 500.
Clark, N., 191.
Clark, S., 37.
Clark, W. J., 404.
Clarke, F. W., 122.
Clarke, M., 458.
Clarke, R. O., 99.
Clarke, S., 77.
Clarke, W., 37.
Clarke, W. S., 448.
Clarkson, S., 37.
Clarkson, W., 459.
Clay Point and Hill, 98, 132, *247, 248, 253, 255, 303, 453.
Clayton (architect), 419.
Clayton, Mr., 298.
Cleland, Cap., 102.
Cleland, J. H., 269.
Cleland, W., 301.
Clendon, J. R., 426.
Clerical Road (see McKenzie Ter..).
Cleverly, A. J., 502.
“Clifford” (S.), 110.
Clifford, Sir C., 59, 88, 108, 113, 121, 123, 131, 132, 137, 149, 163, 165–169, 233, 234, 288, 318, 341†, 343, 405, 417, 418*, 426, 430, 456, 461.
Clifford, Sir G., 500.
Clifford, J., 403.
Clifford, P., 189.
Clifton, M. and R., 84.
Clipper Ships, 470.
Clock (public), 264.
Cloudy Bay, 463.
Clout, J. and M., 84.
Clover, H. and T., 37.
“Clydeside (S.), 110.
Coach and Horses Inn, 493.
Coaching Inn, 303.
Coates, Hon. J. G., 384.
Cobb Houses, 451.
Cobbe, Hon. J. G., 423.
Cobham, S., 325.
Cock, J. H., 496.
Cock, R., 167.
Cockburn-Hood, 179.
Cockroft, A., 213.
Cockroft, A. la T., 462.
Coffey, M., 457.
Coffey, P., 282.
Coffey, R., 393.
Cole, Captain, 99.
Cole, E., 99.
Cole, G. S., 33.
Cole, J. C., 314.
Cole, Rev R., 126, 143, 146, 151, 152, 153, 210, 275, 370, 387–390*, 405, 458, 461.
Colenso, Rev. W., 436.
Coley, M. and W., 94.
“Colleen” (steamer), 363.
College Governors, 357.
College Lane, 265.
College Reserve, 234.
College Rifles, 434.
Collett, W. R., 449.
Collins, A., 77.
Collins (artist), 445.
Collins, Captain, 363.
Collins, Colonel, 501.
Collins, E., 91.
Collins, J. P., 106.
Collins, M., 106.
Collins, T., 300.
Collins, W. R., 474.
Colonial Bill, 63.
Colonial Lands Com., 444.
Colonial Office, 445.
Colonial Reform League, 154.
Colquhoun, —., 218.
“Columbine” (S.), 465.
Colville, A., 447.
Colville, J., 28.
“Comet,” 151.
Commacher, D. and M., 86.
Commercial Bank Aust., 387.
Commercial Club (1840), 487.
Commercial School, 210.
Commercial Travellers' Club (1891), 500.
Commercial and Dominion Line, 221.
Committee of Colonists, 50.
Compton, H. C., 449.
Condensed Information, 168.
Connell, C. E., J. and M., 99.
Connelly, M. T., 260.
Connolly, W., 138.
Connor, K., 27.
Consular Representatives, 401.
Convict Transportation, 444.
Conway, R., 99.
Conyers, W., 473.
Cook, M., 28.
Cook, R., 110.
Cook, T., 203.
Cook, T. U., 193.
Cook, T. W., 33.
Cooke, E., 33.
Cooks Strait Flight, 383.
Cooks Strait Guardian, 436.
Cookson, J. T., 418.
Cooper, A., 297.
Cooper, C., 311.
Cooper, D. G. A., 408.
Cooper, G. S., 126.
Cooper, J., 77.
Cooper, O., 501.
Cooper and Holt. 24.
Coote, H. J., 426.
Coote, Brigade Major, 410.
Corbett. —., 448.
Cork, Captain, 151.
Corkey, D. and M., 99.
Corkery, D., 283.
Corley, I., 86.
Cormach, J., 77.
Cormacher, P., 25.
Cornell, Mrs., 325.
Corner, J., 275.
Corner, W., 229.
Cornford, Mrs., 341*.
Cornford, M., 84.
Cornish, H. H., 494.
“Cornwall” (S.), 160.
Cornwell Street, 455.
Coromandel Street, 215.
Coronation Day (1902), 382.
Corporation Bill, 251.
Cosgrove, —., 241.
“Cosmopolite” (S.), 467.
Cottleville Terrace, 308.
Council of Colonists, 375.
Courtenay, Dr. J. G., 429.
Cowdry, S., 37.
Craighead, S. M. and W., 84.
Craigie, D. (Cap.), 428.
Crammond, H., 497.
Craven, T., 37.
Crawford, G., 28, 63, 76, 116, 173, 223, 312, 392, 411, 422.
Crawford, J., 205.
Crawford, J. C., 20, 32, 78, 110, 166, 169, 173, 229, 238, 246, 251, 257, 261, 265–267, 284, 295, 341†, 342, 369, 426, 457, 496, 499.
Craword, S., 199.
Creag, 94.
Crealock, Lieut., 153.
Crempton, —., 118.
Cresswell, —., 408.
Creswick Road and Terrace, 278.
Crewes, J. (Rev.), 328.
Chrichton, G., 182.
Cricketers Arms, 493.
Crimea, 167.
Crimping, 78.
Critenion Tap, 493.
Criterion Hotel, 325.
Crofton Downs (Ngaio), 277.
Crombie, A. F. and C. M., 408.
Crompton-Smith, M., 485.
Cronin, P., 103.
Crope, Mr., 115.
Cropper, Mr., 119.
Croquet Courts, 502.
Croucher, J., 312.
Crout, Lieut, J. T., 428.
Croverow, Dr., 115.
Crowe, Mrs., 321.
Crowell, W. S., 373.
Crowhurst, J., 54.
Crozier, H. E., 428.
Cruickshank, D., 154.
Cruickshank, J., 435.
Cruickshank (artist), 273.
Crummer, Mr., 115.
Crump, J., 25.
Crumpton, T., 312.
“Crusader” (S.), 470.
“Cuba” (S.), 22, 26, 27, 30, 50, 63, 66, 78, 99, 182, 183, 215, 439, 467, 474.
Cull, C., 269.
Cully, S., 94.
Cummerfield, J. and M., 73.
Cumming, D., 84.
Cumming, W., 428.
Cunday, C., 27.
Cuphey, Major, 448.
Curle, D., 437.
Currie (musician), 216.
Curtis, Ensign, 311.
Curtis, J. J., 457.
Curtis, N., 311.
Curry, —., 37.
Cutfield, G., 426.
Cuthbert, C. W., 461.
Cutting, H., 77.
Cyclopaedia N.Z., 391.
Da'by, W. C., 418.
Dale, W., 106.
Dalgety, A. D. and J., 96.
Dallas, J. P. G., 200.
Dallison, J. B., 54.
Dalton, —., 300.
Dalzell, —., 74.
Dalze'l, P. W., 153.
Daniell, Captain E., 6, 30, 33, 59, 66, 68, 74, 78, 81, 110, 112, 113, 116, 123, 131, 132, 137, 153, 190–194, 197–201, 204, 209, 223, 233, 236, 238, 318, 342†–344, 384, 426, 438, 441, 442, 458, 494.
Daniell, G. E., 344.
Daniell, I., P. R. and V., 344.
Daniell Street, 222.
D'Arcy, Irvine (Rev.), 352.
D'Ath, 469.
Davey, E. and W., 103.
Davies, Dr. and G. A., 458.
Davies, R., 265.
Davis, Arahia, 234.
Davis, D. S., 122.
Davis, J., 229.
Davis, Captain J., 458.
Davis, J. W., 495.
Davis, M., 234.
Davis, R. R., 456.
Davis, S. A., 37.
Davis, W. F., 37.
Davy, A., 65.
Davy, Lieut., 363.
Davys, Rev. P. G., 394.
Dawson, E., 449.
Dawson, G. F., 94.
Days Bay, 222.
D Battery (see Artillry), 363.
Dean, W., 73.
Death, J., 314.
Deaths (1840, etc.), 459.
Deck, Captain, 498.
Declaration of Independence, 369.
de Costa. —., 500.
Defenders of N.Z., 430.
Deighton, R. J., 59.
Deighton, R. S., 24.
Deighton, S., 417.
Deighton, W., 23.
de la Beche, Sir H. J., 492.
Delaney, J., 435.
“Delhi” (ship), 74.
Democracy, 76.
De Murska, 180.
Denora, Mr., 94.
Derram, J. M. and S., 92.
Des Voeux, C. C., 426.
Detheridge. H., 25.
Deverill, 235.
Devize, Mr., 403.
“Devon” (ship), 238.
Dew, A. and W., 84.
de Winton (Lieut.) R. H., 429.
de Witte, 94.
Diamond, Corpl., 432.
Dick, R., 28.
Dickie, R., 110.
Dickinson, F. H., 449.
Diehl, C., see Deihl.
Dilman, 316.
Dimsdale, A., 122.
Dingeus, J., 23.
Dingle, J., 77.
Dinner at the Hutt, 159.
Disley St., 414.
“Dispatch,” 363.
D'Isralie (M.P.), 449.
Dix, H. R., 494
Dixon, J., 437.
Dixon, J. G. R., 122.
Dixon, S., 96.
Docker, T., 450.
Dockray, H. and S., 106.
Dockrell, L. C. J., 136.
“Dodo” (S.), 469.
Dog's Ear (see Taringa-kuri).
Dolan, M., 73.
“Dolphin” (S.), 468.
Domett, A., 144, 153, 154, 208, 298, 318, 327, †344, 378, 404, *418, 426, 447, 479.
Dominion Day, 382.
Dominion Farmers' Institute, 226.
Dominion Museum, 150.
“Dominion” Newspaper (est. 1907), 5, 264, 266, 270, 275, 279, 291, 325, 358, 437.
Don, A., 498.
Don, O'Connor, 447.
Donald, —, 113.
Donald, R., 241.
Doran, —, 321.
Dorizac, C., 435.
Dorren, W., 183.
Dorset, J., 14, 22, 40, 48, 50, 97, 99, 108, 111, 112, 119, 121, 129, 131, 132, 143, 152, 199, 200, 202, 206, 211, 251, 255, 281, 293, 318, *344, 345, 370, 429, 469, 494.
Dorset, Wm., 59, 142, 153, 154, 169, 170, 197, 205, 211, 231, 308, 310, 318, 344.
Dorsey, Dr., 28.
Doughty (Farmr), 86.
Douglas, A. (Sir), 470.
Douglas, H., 229.
Downey, J., 25.
Downie, J., 77.
Downing, E., 73.
Dowstand, A., 115.
Drake, G., 300.
Drane, T., 450.
Dransfield, J., 177, 178, 180, 230, 279, 325, 378, 380, 398, 399, 408, 432, 470, 495.
Dresden Piano Co. (See Bristol).
Drill Hall (Maginnity St.), 261.
Drought (Lieut.), 153.
Druids Lodges, 495.
Drury, A. (R.A.), 293.
Drury, Commander, 160.
Duffy, J., 73.
Duke, G., 121.
Duke of Bedford, 414.
Duke of Cambridge, 382.
Duke and Duchess of Cornwall and York (1901), 382, 413, 433, *434, 435.
“Duke of Edinburgh,” H.M.S., 355.
Duke of Portland, 152.
Duke of Sussex, 297.
Duling, A., 100.
Dunbar, D., 194.
Duncan, A. D. S., 504.
Duncan, C., 229.
Duncan, Rev. J., 118.
Duncan and Vennell, 279.
Duncanson, J., 110.
Duncombe, 372.
Dundas, Admiral, 342.
Dunlop, Hon. H., 202.
Dunning. W. L., 122.
Dunstone, J. F. and S., 100.
Duppa, B. E., 37.
Duppa, G., 6, 23, 25, 26, 30, 40, 50, 76, 82, 112, 191, 193, 196, 199, 223, 281, 442, 448, 504.
Duppa St., 223.
Durham, M., 91, 962.
Durie, D. S., 30, 33, 50, 59, 82, 99, 108, 112, 118, *120, 123, 126, 127, 129, 131, 134, 135, 143, 153, 198, 218, 253, 254, 318, 339, †344, 417, 426, 429, 456, 457, 500.
Durling, A. and G., 96.
Durn, Mr., 94.
Dustin, 219.
Duthie, A., 80.
Duthie, W. G., *434.
Dykes, B. J. and W., 37.
Dyson, C., 96.
Eames, R., 115.
Eárle, C. W., 437.
Earle, C., 469.
Earlgrave, Mrs., 74.
Early Settlers' Assn. (Est. 1912), 218, 236, 276, 289, 341, 354, 374, 382, *489, 491.
Earthquakes (1840), 375.
Earthquakes (1882), 381.
Easthope, Mr. (M.P.), 447.
Easton, G. and M., 79.
Eastwood, M. and W., 38.
Eberle, Mrs., 493.
Eberlet, F. W., 457.
Eckford, T., 28.
Economic (see D.I.C.).
Eden. Capt. (R.N.), 448.
Edge, J., 311.
Edge Hill, 293.
Edmund, T., 321.
Education Board, 408.
Educational Institute, 409.
Edward VII., Coronation, 382.
“
Edwards, E. F. G. and H., 107, 108, 233, 287, 404, 452, 458, 483.
Edwin, Capt. R. A., 345.
Edwin, Miss, 211.
Egan, M., 241.
Egley, B., 499.
“El Ciervo” (oil ship), 215.
Electoral (1859), 409.
“Electra” (S.), 470.
Elkington (London), 398.
“
Ellice St., 223.
Elliot, F., 448.
Elliott, J., 191.
Elliot, Rev. K., 287.
Elliot (Lord), 477.
Elliott, H. J. H., 480.
Ellis, T., 241.
Ellis, W., 458.
Ellis, W. J., 312.
Ellis Bros. (Rangitikei), 344.
Ellis and Manton, 280.
Ellison, T. H., 495.
Elvidge, T., 71.
Eman, 19.
Emerald Hours in N.Z., 230.
Emigration Outfit, 37.
Emigration Poster, 6.
Empire City, 436.
Empson, T., 107.
Epuni St. (see Te Puni St.), 20.
“Endeavour” (S.), 483.
“Endymion,” H.M.S., 172.
England, Capt., 119.
England, J., 314.
England, W. F., 241.
Engravings (1837), 483.
Ensilage, 284.
Entwistle, E., 458.
Esda'e, A. J. and T., 25.
Eslick, J., 460.
“Essex” (S.), 115.
“Essington” (S.), 468.
Estaugh, S., 25.
“Esther” (S.), 115.
Estimates (1842), 410.
E Tuna. 116.
Eureka Stockade, 339.
Evans, A., 80.
Evans, Dr. G. S., 6, 26, 30, 33, 34, 43, 49, 50, 56, 61, 69, 71, 81, 82, 88, 90, 95, 97, 99, 108, 110, 112, 120, 123, 125, 183, 191, 194–198, 202–204, 207, 229, 231, 233, 234, 250, 261, 270, 309, 318, 333, 342, 344, 345†, 384, 403, 436, 438, 442, 443, 456, 457.
Evans, T., 80.
Evans, Commissioner, 448.
Evans, —., 501.
Evatt, G., 502.
“Evening Post,” 5, 180, 219, 237, 254, 265, 269, 270, 352, 358, 369, 370, 381, 413, 415, 437.
Everiss, Mr., 409.
Every, G., 183.
Eves, W., 287.
Ewen, Ensign, 153.
Exeter, B., 47.
Expenditure, 178.
“Explorer” (S.), 115.
“Exporter” (S.), 115.
Eyre, T., 194.
Eyre, V., 191, 194, 197, 199, 200, 204, 205, 206, 316, 318, 448.
Ezekial (Maori Chief), 264.
Fairbrass, M. and T., 77.
Fairlie Terrace, 242.
Fairweather, C. D. and R., 80.
“Fair Barbadian” (S.), 468.
“Falcon,” H.M.S., 367.
Falcon, M. (Lieut.), 428.
Falconer, J. (Cap.), 430.
Falivasser, S., 38.
Fall, W., 94.
False Bay, 260.
“
Fardon, W., 25.
Fariday, A. and H., 91.
Farmer, M., 38.
Farncomb, Sheriff (London), 448.
Farquhar, H. A. R., 370.
Farrance, A. and J., 24.
Farrow, S. 84.
Fasbroke, T. D. (Lieut.), 428.
Faulkner, C., 94.
Faunt, Mr., 74.
Fear, F. J. W., 265.
Featherston, Miss A. F. and K., 459.
Featherston, Dr. I. E., 59, 86, 108, 121, 137, 143, 151, 153, 154, 165, 168, 169, 213, 225, 257, 308, 318, 345†, 378, 392, 393, 405, 417, 418*, 436, 459*, 462, 492, 494, 500.
Featherston Memorial, 180.
Featherston Street, 225*, 226*, 257, 322, 357, 411, 435, 455, 456.
Fegan, E. and S., 91.
Feist, E., 469.
Felgate, G. and M., 107.
Fenchurch, —., 442.
Fenwick, R., 437.
Ferguson, Mr., 115.
Ferguson of Raith, 438.
Fergusson, Lady A., 501.
Ferras, Mr., 229.
Ferryside, 222.
Festival Choral Society, 497.
Few, C., 196.
Fie, M., 94.
Field, H. C., 160.
Field, J., 233.
Fielden (M.P.), 449.
“Fifeshire” (S.), 115.
Fifty Seventh (57th) Regt., 336.
Fifty Years of Speed, 503.
Fildes, H., 345.
Fill, R., 459.
Findlay, Dr., 492.
Findlay, Sir J. and Lady, 501.
Findlay, L., 91.
Finlay, G. L., 203.
Fire Bell, 380.
Fire Relief Committee (1842), 410.
Fireworks, 257.
Firminger, S., 459.
Fisher, D., 241.
Fisher, E., 91.
Fisher, F. W., 241.
Fisher, G., 398.
Fitchett, L., 107.
Fitchett, W., 275.
Fitzgerald, A. L., 456.
Fitzgerald, Ensign, 135.
Fitzgerald, Dr. J. P., 25, 50, 99, 126, 149, 154, 286, 314, 417, 430.
Fitzgerald, M., 408.
Fitzgerald, W., 459.
Fitzgerald, Mr. and Mrs. (Geo. Fife), 113.
Fitzherbert, H., 213.
Fitzherbert, W. (Sir), 59, 108, 117, 118, 123, 145–148, 154, 166, 168, 173, 174, 223, 228, 233, 255, 265, 270, 271, 279, 288, 300, 306, 313, 318, 346†, 363, 370, 379, 380, 405, 406, 417, 418*, 422, 426, 436, 469, 480.
Fitzherbert, Colonel, 499.
Fitzroy, Captain R., 128, 129–132, 142, 262, 371, 377, 419, 420*, 448.
Fitzroy Bay, 260.
Flaxbourne, 341.
Fletcher, —., 325.
Fleury, G., 94.
Flight, J., 426.
Flitcher, Mr., 118.
Floods, 168.
Florist Society (1889), 493.
Flowerday, J. T. (Cap.), 300.
Flux, G., 409.
Fordham, W. H., 500.
Foreman, S., 213.
Forest, A., 496.
Forest, R., 153.
Foresters Arms, 229.
Forest Rangers, 361.
Forest Trees, 190.
Forgie, A., 321.
Forrester, E. and W., 84.
Forts, 127.
Fort Ballance, 328.
Fort Buckley, 238.
Fort Kelburn, 279.
Fortified Villages, 327.
Forty Years in N.Z., 338.
Forward Movement, 492.
Foster, M. B., 497.
Founders Festival, 288.
Founders of Wellington, 442.
Fountaine. Admiral, 353.
Fox, Colonel, 500.
Fox, Lieutenant, 434.
Fox, W. (Sir), 117, 121, 132, 151, 153, 154, 166, 233, 299, 346†, 351, 358, 378, 380, 404, 405, 418*, 426, 436, 480, 500.
France, W., 283.
Francis, F. J., J. S., M., S. S. and T. J., 84, 85, 273, 409, 459
Francis Street, 207.
Franklin, B., 231.
Franklin, S., 85.
Franklyn, E. and E., 84.
Fraser, A., C., D., E., H., I. and J., 79, 118, 122, 127, 358, 460.
Fraser, M., 79.
Fraser, W., 94.
Fraser, Mr., 483.
Frazer (see Fraser).
“Free Lance” (Est. 1900), 5, 222, 224, 264, 265, 266, 370, 437.
Freeman, J. J., 458.
Freeman, J. S., 414.
Free Trade (1844), 413.
French, Captain E., 467.
French, J., 136.
French Consul, 401.
French Corvette arr., 377.
French Government, 414.
French Man-o-War, 117.
French Pass. 468.
Frobisher, J. H., 205.
Fryan, J., 138.
Fryar, J., 404.
Fryatt Quay, 455.
Furniss, J. S. and W., 103.
“Fyfe” (S.), 117.
Gaby, —., 457.
Gaelic Sermon, 350.
Gaffney, —., 321.
Gair, J. R. R., 408.
Galbraith, G. T., 429.
Gallan, D., 110.
Gal'oway, D., 28.
Galvern, C. and D., 100.
Gamble, —., 112.
Gandy, M., 312.
Gandy and Mitchell, 218.
Gannaway, Mr., 293.
Gannon, C. and M., 54.
Gapper, B. and M., 100.
Gardiner, Mr., 119.
Garner, J., 25.
Garrard, J., 461.
Garrett Street, 218.
Garuth, J. and R., 28.
Gasgoine, Major, 363.
Gasgoyne, 456.
Gatley, C., 25.
Gaudin, W. J., 495.
Gawlor, W. M., 495.
Gear and Ling, 171.
Gebbie, J., 24.
Geddis, 437.
Gee, Mrs., 182.
Geffs, A., G. and L., 100.
“Gem,” 110.
Gemmell, J., 206.
General Assembly Library, 298.
General Information, 367.
Gengoe, G., 84.
Gennys, W. H. (Lieut.), 428.
Gentle, C. S. and G. E., 80.
Geological Society (see N.Z. Geo. Soc..), 275.
Geological Society (1847), 492.
George, B., J. R., T. and W. H. H., 228, 231, 311, 400, 414.
George Street, 228.
German Band, 249.
German Consul, 401.
Ghuznee (Fort), 228.
Gibbs, Sheriff (London), 448.
Gibbes. F. M., 458.
Gibson, L., 91.
Gibson, W., 138.
Giddend, H. and T., 80.
Gifford, F., 437.
Gifts to the City, 413.
Gilberd, J. and W. F., 73.
Gillander, J., 361.
Gillespie, G. H., 311.
Gillespie, T. C., 418.
Gillespie, T. G., 474.
Giifillan, J. A., 458.
Gilmour, W., 202.
Gilliert, M. and W., 91.
Gillman, E., 458.
Gillon, Dr., 213.
Gilson, L., 37.
Girls' College “Reporter,” 136.
Girls High School, 148.
Girton, W., 193.
Glasgow, R., 59.
Glendavar Cattle Farm, 266.
Glenbervie Street, 269.
Glenbervie Terrace. 229.
Glenlyon, 73.
Glover, E. J. and M., 24.
Godber, G. E., 494.
Godfrey, Colonel, 120.
Godfrey, H., 113.
Godfrey, J. T., 417.
Godley, General, 501.
Godley, J., 154.
Golder, M., 461.
Golder, W., 28.
Golders Hill, 88, 207, 229, 234, 252, 253, 258, 309, 311, 342, 345, 383, 457.
Goldfinch, G., 222.
Goldie, B. and J., 54.
Golding, Mr., 94.
Goldsmid, Sir Isaac, 448.
Goldsworthy, E. and J., 38.
Golf (1895), 504.
Gollan, D., 426.
Gonside, J., 203.
Godall, G., 87.
Goodfellow, 410.
Goodhew, M. and W., 38.
Gooding, L., 320.
Gordon, A., 437.
Gordon, B., 233.
Gordon, H., 462.
Gordon, W. B., 203.
Gordon, W. E. A., 428.
Gordon Collection (museum), 275.
Gordon Highlanders, 342.
Gore, A. H. and H. M., 408.
Gore (M.P.), 449.
Gore, R. B., 498.
Goring, 178.
Goring, Miss, 459*.
Goswell, J., 27.
Government Buildings, 259, 296, 297, 315, 322, 357, 371, 419, 454, 455, 506.
Government Domain, 213, 255, 276, 295, 300, 372, 386, 414, 596.
Government Farm, 492*.
Government House (Thorndon), 93, 151, 161, 169, 252*, 253, 257, 268, 299, 308, 378, 434, 435.
Government Surveyors, 478.
Government Wharf, 293.
“Governor” (S.), 118.
Gowan, Mr., 86.
Goward, J., 38.
Gowen, J. R., 384.
Gower, J., 109.
Grace, Mr., 74.
Gracechurch, 37.
Grader, G., 241.
Graduates Assn., 409.
Grady, Mrs., 319.
Graham, A. and B., 86.
Graham, C. B., 428.
Graham, G. J., 194.
Graham, J. M. and N., 86.
Grainger, Rev. E. H., 393.
Grammar School Cadets, 380.
Granamore, Lieutenant, 153.
Grand Hotel, 322.
Grand Opera House, 220.
Grand Jury, 377.
Grange Coach House 313.
Grant, J. G. S., 407.
Grant, W., 25.
“Graphic” (London), 507.
Grass Street, 283.
Gratage, D., 24.
Gray, A., 494.
Gray, B. C. T., 206.
Gray, G., 300.
Gray, M., 80.
Greenacre, S. and W., 84.
Greenhaugh, Captain, 414.
Greenstone, 169.
Greenwood, Dr. G., J. D. and T. G., 26, 27, 122, 180, 193, 427.
Greenwood, M. and W., 77.
Greer, Mrs. 281.
Greig, W., 215.
Grenier, Mr., 99.
Grettan, T. H., 73.
Grey, Sir George, 126, 132, 133, 135, 159, 165, 231, 250, 251, 266, 295, 335, 336, 377, 378, 381, 392, 403, 419*-421, 450, 496, 498.
Grey, H., 458.
Grey, T. F., 414.
Gribble, E., 100.
Grimm, —., 25.
Grimstone. C., 313.
Grimstone, S. E., 154, 223, 313, 325, 369, 404, 414, 416, 423, 430, 455, 498.
Groombridge, M., 24.
Grosvenor Terrace, 229.
Grove, Dr., 344.
Grove, J. J. H., 428.
Grundy, Mr., 409.
Gryllis, Mr. 99.
Guard House, 255.
Guilford, Earl of, 231.
Guilford Street, 207.
Guilford Terrace, 231.
Guillaume, J. L., 458.
Guise, A., 494.
Gundy, E. J., 459.
Gunn, J. and M., 80.
Gutch, H. J. and P., 91.
Guthrie Street, 231.
Guyton, J. P. W., 82.
Guyton, W., 63, 70, 71, 109, 110, 112, 121, 123, 261, 370, 398, 499.
Gwynne, G., 297.
Hadfield, O. (Bishop), 124, 133, 135, 257, 286, 332, †346–348, 358, 393, 405, 457, 458, 462.
Hadfield Town, 127.
Hadley, J. F., 180.
Haka, 20.
“Halcione” (S.), 296.
Hallway House (Johnsouville), 189.
Halket, J., 222.
Hall, E. C., C. J., G. and G. J., 86, 91, 100, 320, 325, 499.
Hall (Delhi), 74.
Hall, S., 495.
Haller, Mrs., 168.
Halliday, Captain, 320.
Hall-Jones, W., 381.
Halnsworth, J. S. and W., 100.
Halwell, E. S., 81, 93–95, 87, 107, 108, 116, 125, 131, 191, 194, 195, 198, 199, 200, 204, 205, 233, 272, 273, 283*, 284, 293, 316, 370, 384, 423, 424, 439.
Halswell, F. T., 448.
Halswell, Point, 18.
Hamerton, S. G., 497.
Hamilton, G., M., P. A. and R., 261. 384, 457, 458, 491, 496.
Hammersdorf, A., 77.
Hampton Court, 493.
Handur, H., 94.
Hankey, H. S., 442.
Hankey, J. E., 231.
Hankey. R. H., 199.
Hanmer (M.P.), 449.
Hansard, Dr., 132.
Hanson, R. D., 22, 30, 50, 56, 57, 61, 78, 81, 82, 94, 99, 109, 110, 195, 199, 203, 231, 255, 318, 327, 372, 424.
Hanson, E., 457.
Happy Valley (Nelson), 131.
Harbour Entrance. 463.
Harbour Lights, 168.
Harbour Steam Co. (1875), 470.
Harbour Street, 454.
Harbroe, G. H., 500.
Harcus, —., 300.
Harding, Dr., 303.
Harding, W. G., 98.
Harewood, Captain, 466.
Harfield, D., 54.
“Harlequin” (S.), 304.
Harmonic Society, 497.
Harness, W., 384.
Harold, Captain, 151.
Harper, G. F., 495.
Harper, Mr., 414.
Harriet Street, 231.
“Harrington” (S.), 94.
Harris Street, 454.
Harrison, C. J., 313.
Harrison, H. S., 37, 38, 59, 99, 201, 204, 252, 348†, 405, 426.
Harrison, Isa, 38.
Harrison, J., 265.
Harrison, R. S., 428.
Harrison, R. J., 38.
Harrison, Surveyor, 476.
Harrison, Mr., 494.
Harryman, Z., 38.
Hart, A., 318.
Hart, J., 122.
Hart, R., 94, 100, 142, 167, 234, 288, 372, 373, 406, 417, 424, 439, 495.
Hart, S., 92.
Hartman, C., 269.
Hartwell, W. R., 458.
Harvey, A., B. W., C., E. and H. B., 54, 94, 107, 122, 393, 408, 458.
Harvey, J., M., R. and T., 38, 54, 80, 99, 103, 107, 112, 404.
Hastings, J., 311.
Hatherton, Lord (see Lord Lyttelton), 437.
Hatrick and Co., 264.
Hattersley, G. and S., 100.
Hatton, Mr., 165.
Haughton, C. L., 480.
Hau Haus, 336.
Hauwai, 189.
Hawker, C. C., 231.
Hawker, Admiral E., 197.
Hawkes Bay Tribune, 354.
Hawkins, H., 94.
Hawkins, W. A., 494.
Hawthorn, Mr., 241.
Hawthorn Hill (Te Aro), 462.
Hawtrey, Rev. J. and S., 168, 191, 192, 194, 201, 205, 222, 318, 384.
Hay Street, 233.
Hayden, B., 458.
Haydon, Mr., 320.
Hayes, C. O., 428.
Hayes, J., 275.
Haylock, A., 484.
Hayward, T., 183.
Hayward Park, 414.
“Hazard,” H.M.S., 118.
Hazeldean, J. A., 208.
Hazelden, H. C., 408.
Health Officer, 93.
Heaphy, C. (Major), 14, 20, 61, 98, 207, 229, 234, 247, 253, 260, 348*, 431†, 458, 480, 484.
Hearn, R. A., 328.
Heathcote (M.P.), 449.
Heather, Mr. and Mrs., 74.
Heatherane, Mr. 115.
Heaver, R., 37.
Heffer, W., 84.
Heginbothams, 246.
Helyer, E., 494.
Henderson, W., 429.
Henry, A. R. (Lieut.), 428.
Henry, Dr., 317.
“
Herald Street, 233.
Herbert, Lieut., 137.
Herbert St., 233.
Herd, A., 297.
Heretaunga River, 15, 18, 20 (see Hutt River).
Herekiwa Ruawiwi (a native ally), 138.
Herklets, J., 94.
Hermit (Island Bay), 235.
Hesketh. H., 20.
Hibernian Society (1877), 496.
Hickman, E. and J., 77.
Hickson, A., 411.
Hickson, W., 59, 132, 146, 147, 151, 153, 177, 234, 279, 411, 422.
Higgie, I. and T., 459.
Higgins, R., 24.
High Mass (1840), 387.
Highlander Hotel, 236.
Hight, Mr. and Mrs., 27.
Hight, F., 204.
Hight, R., 63.
Hikoikoi Pa, 189.
Hill, A., 96.
Hill, Alf., 496.
Hill, G., 96.
Hill, H. St. (see St. Hill).
Hill, L., 192.
Hill, R. (Gen.), 233.
Hill, T., 225.
Hillier, Mr., 82.
“Himalaya” (S.), 94.
Hinchcliffe, C., 404.
“Hindoston” (S.), 470.
Hine, J., 316.
Hinemoa St., 455.
Hirca Naponga, 373.
Hislop (Lieut.), 363.
Hislop, T. W. (Hon.), 398.
History of Methodism, 338.
History of Streets, 207.
Hobbs, C. G., D. J. S. and W., 103, 183, 384, 411, 467, 491.
Hobday, A., 497.
Hobhouse, Bishop, 332.
Hobson, Capt. (Governor), 59, 61, 78, 83, 90, 93, 251, 371, 375, 376, 419, *420, 466, 469.
Hobson St., 234.
Hockey Champions, 504.
Hodder, E. and W., 107.
Hodges, C. and E., 103.
Hodgkin, Dr., 448.
Hodgkinson, Dr., 115.
Hodnett A., 457.
Hogg, A. and E. and J., 96.
Hogg, S. A., 122.
Hoggard, Dr., 115.
Hoggard, T. W., 417.
Hoggarth, G., 457.
“Hokianga” (S.), 467.
Hokianga, 437.
Holden, H., 462.
Holderness, Capt., 110.
Holes, P., 24.
Holloway Road, 268.
Holmes, B., 206.
Holmes, E., 428.
Holmes, W. H., 229, 233, 247, 279, 316, 320, 404, 406, 458, 496.
Holt, Capt., 215.
Honey, T., 38.
Honeyman, M. and T., 86.
Honeyman's Gully, 300.
“Hood,” H.M.S., 470.
Hope, D. and R., 91.
Hope St., 313.
Hoppe, Max, 497.
Hopper (see Betts-Hopper).
Hopper St., 234.
Hori Tamati Pipi, 373.
Hornbrook, A., 25, 59, 70, 89, 95, 99, 115, 122, 131, 132, 143, 149, 198, 252, 274, 456, 457, 500.
Hornby, G. T. P., 172.
Hornsley, W., 84.
Horse Cars, 244.
Horse Races, 376.
Hort, A., 25, 26, 50, 59, 61, 109, 132, 151, 165, 166, 194, 208, 370, 411, 426, 457, 458.
Hort, A. W., 115.
Hoseason, Comr., 428.
Hoskins, —, 269.
Hospital, Bowen St., 213.
Hospital, Brougham St., 213.
Hospital, Mental, 239.
Hospital, St. Helens, 215.
Hotel Signs and Lamp Posts, 69.
Houghton, A., 325.
Houghton, N. G., 38.
Houghton, W., 428.
Houghton Bay, 234.
Houghton Wharf, 422.
“Hourah” (S.), 470.
House, A., 54.
House of Commons, 438.
Howard, Mr., 119.
Howard, T. T., 121.
Howard (Lord E.), 447.
Howard, P., 438.
Howard, Sir R., 448.
Howard River, 482.
Howell, A. E. J., S. T. and W. B., 54, 73, 74, 85, 183, 297, 490, 491.
Hubbard, W., 85.
Huddart Parker Line (1893), 470.
Hudgell, J., 54.
Hudson-Williamson, 179.
Hue-te-Para, 189.
Hughey, M. and W., 54.
Hughlings, H., 115, 192–196, 199, 201, 202, 213, 255, 257, 318.
Huias, 260.
Hume, J., 372.
Hume, Col., 494.
Humphries, Mr., 261.
Humphries, W., 273.
Humphrey, Adjt., 174.
Hunter, D., 183.
Hunter, G., 27, 30, 36, 46, 50, 59, 61, 70, 71, 73, 81, 82, 94, 108, 109, 110, 118, 121, 123, 173, 177, 190, 193, 200, 202, 205, 206, 222, 253, 316, 333, 349, 374, 385, *398, 426, 457, 459, 461, 499.
Hunter, Hon. G., 111, 112, 122, 132, 153, 173, 177, 180, 234, 235, *334, †349, 380, 400, 410, 411, 430, 461.
Hunter, Sir G., 280.
Hunter, J., 115.
Huntrace, Mr., 118.
Hurumutu (a chief), 133.
“Hurunui” (S.), 470.
Huskisson. Mr., 437.
Hussars (18th), 418.
Hutchens, Mrs., 325.
Hutchison, Ensign, 153.
Hutchison Road, 236.
Hutt (Lower), 51, *53, 80, 82, 83, 115, 123, 131, 134, 137, 156, 160, 161, 163, 169, 180, 300, 358, 363, 370, 460, 462, 471.
Hutt Banquet, 377.
Hutt County Council Office, 57.
Hutt Militia, 138.
Hutt Railway, 380.
Hutt River, 15, 30, *31, 44, 47, 48, 63, 64, 65, 87, 114, 126, 135, 137, 168, 260, 288, 375, 442, 475.
Hutt Settlers, 159.
Hutt Vans, 173.
Ibbotson, Mr., 195.
Igglesden, C. M., 374.
Ikin, J., 107.
Ilott, J., 494.
Imperial Opera House, 264.
Imrie, Mr., 110.
“Indemnity” (S.), 115.
Independence Dinner, 376.
“Indian Queen” (S.), 469.
“Indus” (S.), 215.
“Inflexible” (S.), 428.
Information for Colonists, 369.
Inglesby, A., 100.
Inglis, Rev., 239.
Ingram, Sergt., 136.
Ingram-Johnston, A., 234.
Inkerman, 165.
Internal Affairs Dept., 24.
Ironside, Rev. S., 119, 130, 142, 151, 262, 263, 302, 372, 388.
Italian Consul, 401.
Izard, A. (Dr.), 501.
Izard, C. H., 493.
Izard and Bell, 323.
Jack, J. W., 497.
Jackson, W. T., 317.
Jackson, W. M., 213.
Jackson, W. V., 294.
“James” (S.), 94.
James, H., 91.
Jameson, Mr., 74.
Japan Consul, 401.
Japanese Fleet, 383.
Jardine, Capt., 115.
Jardine, W., 448.
Jarvis, Henry, 73.
Jarvis, I. (Lieut.), 428.
Jean, Rev. B. P., 153.
Jefferson, B. and S., 80.
Jeffery, J., 27.
Jenkins, P., 312.
Jennings, Mr. 86.
Jetties (see Wharves).
Johnson, Capt., 470.
Johnson, F. J., 33.
Johnson, H. D., 499.
Johnston, A. M., 80.
Johnston, D. A., 495.
Johnston, C. A., 470.
Johnston, F., 191.
Johnston, H. C., 308.
Johnston, Hon. J., 115, 122, 153, 154, 215, 233, 236, 310, 426, 457.
Johnston, Lieut. P., 429.
Johnston, Brig.-Major, 153.
“Jolly Rambler” (S.), 466.
Jones, H. P., 278.
Jones, H. W., 300.
Jones, J. P., 241.
Jones, Lieut., 160.
Jones, R., 114.
Jones (farmer), 86.
Jones, Mr., 269.
Jones and Bluett, 312.
Jorgensen, J. P., 246.
Joseph, H., 122.
“
Journalists' Inst. (1891), 494.
Jubilee Band Rotunda, 185.
“Jubilee” (hulk), 182.
Jubilee Ode, 180.
Jump (High), 504.
Junior Club (1891), 494.
Jupp, Mr., 407.
Jury, H., 169.
Juries (1844), 426.
Justice Dept., 423.
Kaihaia, 17.
Kaingas, 385.
Kaipara, 22.
Kai-tawaro, 189.
Kaiwharawhara, 17–19, 90, 125, 131, 133, 156, 158, 182, 189, 236, *37, 281, 471.
Kaiwharawhara Hotel, 150.
Kaiwharawhara Native Residents, 286.
Kakaramea (1865), 335.
Kakiri, 189.
Kanae, 126.
Kane, C. C. (Lieut.), 428.
Kane, Miss A., 499.
Karaka (a Native Chief), 173.
Karaka Bay, 18.
Karey, W., 248.
Karitane Home, 266.
Karori Gardens, 242.
Karori Park, 242.
Karori Reservoir, 380.
“Kate” (S.), 99.
Kaukau, 313.
Kau-whakaara-waru, 189.
Kawhia, 19.
Keene, R., 235.
Keesing, B., 456.
Keith, A., 79.
Keith, Izard Park, 413.
Kelburne, Viscount, 242.
Kelham, J., 107, 109, 143, 153, 154, 255, 314, 318, 348, *350, 417, 494.
Kelling, T. P., 418.
Kellow, W. A., 470.
Kells, H., 325.
Kells, T., 138.
Kelmsley, Capt., 412.
Kelvin Chambers, 317.
Kemball, Dr., 283.
Kemp, Capt., 94.
Kemp Point, 296.
Kempthorne and Prosser, 413.
Kempton, T., 294.
Kennedy, J. W. A. (Lieut.), 428.
Kennedy, R., 494.
Kennedy, W., 457.
Kennedy, W. F., 294.
Kennel Club (1889), 494.
Kennerley's, 269.
Kenny, D., 497.
Kensington Ave. (Pito-one), 289.
Kentish Men, 40.
Keppel, Capt. H., 153.
Kermore, J., 222.
Kerney, E. and J., 77.
Kerslake, J. J., 493.
Kettlewell, Capt. G., 467.
Kibblewhite, J., 110.
Kidbrook St., 313.
Kidd, J., 428.
Kidd, S., 194.
Kidson, Dr., 427.
Kieller, J. and M., 80.
Kiki, 414.
Kikoikoi Pa, 189.
Kilbirnie Rec., 296.
Kilbirnie Tunnel, 287.
Kimpton, T., 33.
Kinapora Dist., 450.
King George (see Duke and Duchess of Cornwall and York).
King, John, 38, 73, 101, 131, 147, 154, 211, 318, 320, 341, 405, 424, 448.
King. Sir T., 266.
King, W. (a chief).
King's Chambers, 222.
Kingsford-Smith's Flight, 384.
Kippling, 454.
Kirk, Prof., 409.
Kirk, R. C., 501.
Kirton, Ira, 462.
Kisbee, Lieut. T., 428.
Kissling, Archdeacon, 392.
Kitson, J., 460.
Kiwi in Molesworth Street, 270.
Knapp, C. A., 500.
Knigge Avenue, 358.
Knight, G. G., 408.
Knight, J., 183.
Knight, R. G., 24.
Knight's Farm, 242.
Knights of Labour (1890), 494.
Knox, F. J. (Dr.), 95, 109, 154, 159, 268, 364, 371, 372, 460.
Knox, M., 458.
Knowles, F. J., 122.
Knowles, H., 313.
Knowles, H. H., 459.
Knowles, J., 100, 130, 154, 165, 166, 183, 185, 210, 316, 436, 457.
Kohanga-piripiri Lake, 189.
Kohanga-te-Ra Lake, 189.
Kohn, Capt., 363.
Ko Katu, 302.
Kollis, G., 432.
Kopae-para-wai, 189.
“Korero,” 139.
Kororareka, 448.
Ko Taweri, 116.
Krull, W., 221.
Kumete, 157.
Kumutoto Point, 99.
Kupe's Visit, 375.
Kuru, 119.
Kutia, 302.
Lachlan, G. and S., 200.
Lachlan, J., 191.
Lachlan, McL., 215.
Ladd, J., 25.
“Lady Cornwall” (S.), 160.
Lady Franklyn's Visit, 376.
Laing, J. W., 458.
Lake, H. C., 241.
Lake, T., 261.
Lakeman, M. and W., 77.
Lambert (Commander), 257.
Lambton, Mr. (see Durham, Earl), 190, etc.
Lambton Quay (from 1841), 69, 107, 143, 145, 149, 168, 171, 208, *214, 246, 221, 230, 246, *252, *254, *258, 308, 317, 318, 323, 337, 387, 404, 411, 421, 453–455.
Lambton Fire, 377.
Lambton Tavern, 70.
Lambton Ward, 177.
“Lancashire Witch” (S.), 183.
Lancaster, A., 241.
Lance, T. H., 449.
Land Legislation and Settlements, 370.
Lane, Rev. (Father), 363.
Lange, W., 413.
Langford, J. A., 24.
Langley, P., 86.
Larken, J., 38.
“Larkins” (S.), 185.
Larnach, W. J. (Hon.), 265.
“L'Aube” (S.), 259.
Laura Avenue, 228.
Lavaud, Commodore, 259.
Lavington, —., 300.
Law Courts, 272.
Law Expenses, 110.
Law Reports, 341.
Law Society, 494.
Laurance, J., 33.
Laurence, Mrs., 218,
Laye, J. H. (Capt.), 429.
Layfield. G. G., 183.
Leader (M.P.), 448.
Lean, J., 115.
Leases, 128.
Leathart, C. and C., 77.
Leckie M. C., 461.
Ledgard, A. and D., 114.
Ledger, R. S., 265.
Leek, Mrs., 229.
Lees, T. E., 201.
le Grand(Capt.), 71.
Lemon, Sir Chas., 448.
Lenan, D., 25.
Lepper, Major. 312.
“Le Rhin” (S.), 377.
Lescher, G. L., 193.
Lett, J., 218.
“Levant” (S.), 185.
Levee, 93.
Leverton, —, 134.
Levet, G., 73.
Levi, E., 103.
Levin, H. W., 318.
Levin and Co. (1897), 470.
Levin Estate, 278.
Levin Wharf 421.
Levy, A., 494.
Lewer, A. and F. W., 241.
Lewis, A., 103.
Lewis, A. M., 497.
Lewis, H., 229.
Lewis, J., 26.
Lewis, Lieut., 410.
Lewis, T., 194.
Lewis, W., 114.
Library, Te Aro, 376.
Licensing Com. (1895), 494.
Liedertafel (1891), 496.
Ligar, C. W., 479.
Ligar, —, 311.
Lillicrap, H., 457.
Lillington. —, 409.
Lincoln, Hon. M. P., 449.
Linfoot, R., 26.
Linklater, J., 229.
Linley's, 378.
Linton, H. D., 500.
Lion Foundry, 210.
Lismore, G. and M. A., 103.
Lister Hospital, 328.
Literary and Scientific Society, 442.
Little, A. J. (Dr.), 428.
Little, E., 203.
“Liverpool,” H.M.S., 172.
Liviston, H. D., 241.
Lloyd, Capt., 336.
Loader, J., 100.
Lockett, E. and J., 77.
Lockwood, D. and J., 38.
Logan, F. (Dr.), F. H., 28, 47, 59, 154, 191, 218, 316, 400.
Logan, Major, 336.
Lomas, C. J., 306.
Lomas, J., 495.
Lombard St., 404.
“London” (ship), 73, 99, 106, 163, 164, 182–184, 251, 337, 339, 468.
London, G., 218.
London Coffee House. 221.
“London Illustrated News,” 140.
“London Review,” 356.
“London Times,” 152.
London Zoological Society, 414.
Lonsdale, T. W., 195.
Long, E. and J., 38.
Longford, J. A. and H., 47.
Longhurst, W. 261.
Longmore, T., 33.
Long White Cloud, 353.
Lord, Mr., 115.
Lord Ranfurly (see Ranfurly).
“Lord Sidmouth” (S.), 468.
Losack, —, 99.
Losack, F. C., 461.
Lot, J., 26.
Loughnan, R. A., 494.
Love, D., 181.
Love, J., 312.
Love, J. A., †350.
Love, J. O., 350.
Love, Hapi, 297.
Loveday, Major, 363.
Lowes, 150.
Lowes, Mrs., 460.
Lowes, T., 494.
Lowden, J. and P., 100.
Loweston, A. R., 107.
Lowndes, L. and M. A., 103.
Lowry, R., 14.
Lowther, W. P., 461.
Lubbock, B., 470.
Lucas, R., 457.
Lucena, W. L., 458.
Luckie, D. M., 437.
“Lucy Sharp” (S.), 94.
Ludlam, A., 82, 110, 132, 143, 159, 161–163, 173, 174, 193, 261, 288, 314, 426, 427, 458, 492.
Ludlow, F., 94.
Ludwig. Corporal, 432.
Lukin, G., 437.
Lumsden, G., 192.
Lumsden, W., 192.
Lusac, Mr., 469.
Lusk, Mr. (M.H.R.), 180.
Luxford, C., 222.
Luxford, E. H. and F. S., 458.
Luxford, Mr., 373.
Luxton, W., 213.
Lyall, Ag., 86.
Lyall, Dr., 260.
Lyall, Mr., 447.
Lyell, W., 296.
Lyon, G. 459.
Lyon, Sir Isaac, 449.
Lyon. W., 27, 36, 47, 50, 70, 73, 109, 112, 121, 130, 137, 142, 153, 154, 166, 173, 211, 253, 254, 320, 370, 372, 401*, 405, 406, 410, 411, 426, 456, 457, 495.
Lyttelton, Lord, 446.
Maarama Pa, 413.
Mabin, A. E., 496.
MacAndrew, J., 418.
MacAndrew, Dr. W., 429.
Macarthy, T. G., 500.
Macaulay, Mr. (M.P.), 449.
Macdonald, A. B., 122.
Macdonald, E., 348.
Mace, G., 320.
Mace, G. W., 458.
Mace, H., 473.
MacEachnie, M., 77.
MacFarlane, J. (Rev.), 28, 36, 45, 47, 63, 82, 85, 130, 260, 285, 350, 385, 386, 388, 455, 458, 492.
MacFarlane, J. E., 121.
Macfarlane Street, 261.
Macindoe, Captain, 423.
Mackay, A., 495.
Mackay, C. J., 394.
Mackay, C. D., H., J., L. and S., 79.
Mackay, Mr., 152.
Mackenzie, D. McL., 428.
Mackillop, Mr., 448.
Mackintosh, T., 185.
Maclean, Sir Donald, 140, 166, 173, 214, 217, 299, 317, 320, 322, 350*–353, 361, 362, 368, 373, 374, 377, 378, 381, 392, 420, 426, 457, 458.
Maclean, Sir R. D. Douglas, 3*, 5, 45, 72, 175, 178, 179*, 209, 213, 217, 245, 289, 301, 318, 320, 353†, 360, 361, 374, 455*, 491, 502, 503*.
Maclean, S. Douglas, 462.
Madras Government, 414.
Madden, —., 38.
Maddox, S. and S., 38.
Maginnity Street, 261.
“Magnet” (S.), 468.
Magnus, G. W., 501.
Magnusson's, 252.
Makaro (see Ward Island), 189.
Make-rua Pa, 189.
Maharajah of Gwalor, 414.
Ma Hau (a native), 63.
Mahew, Mrs., 74.
Mahoney, Rev. Father, 388.
Mail Day. 43.
Majestic Theatre, 305.
“Mallard” (S.), 469.
“Mana” (S.), 363.
Manakau, 355.
Manawatu A. and P. Assn., 354.
Maney, A., 269.
Mangles, R., 448.
Manley, Captain, 448.
Manners Street, 132, 161, 168, 212, 220*, 224*, 248, 261*–264, 303, 304, 323–325, 370, 402, 403, 404, 407, 411, 437, 457.
Mansfield, Judge, 264.
Mansfield Street, 264.
Mansell, W., 275.
Manson., 410.
Mantell, G. A. (Dr.), 354.
Mantell, W. G. D., 26, 46, 95, 106, 122, 213, 282, 283, 286, 288, †354, 355*, 426, 498, 500.
Manuel, Mr., 403.
Maori Bishop (1928), 393.
Maori Cemetery, 173.
Maori Church, 303.
“Maori Davis” (S.). 107.
Maori Houses, 31.
Maori Mats and Weapons, 181.
Maori Nude, 45.
Maori Oven, 20.
Maori Rifle Corps, 335.
Maori Songs, 39.
Maori Track, 95.
Maori Troubles, 114.
Maori War Canoe, 16.
Maori War Veterans, 354.
Maori Whare, 11*.
“Maori” (Revenue Cutter), 355.
Maorilander Association, 495.
Maps (see Plans).
Maraekakaho, 354.
Maraenui, 265.
Maraenuku Pa, 164*.
March, C., P. M. and R., 100.
Marcuard, C. R. (Lieut.), 428.
“Maria” (S.), 160.
“Maria Theresa” (S.), 115.
Marine Department, 414.
Marine Engineers' Institute, 496.
“Marion Kelly” (S.), 185.
Market Reserve, 218.
Market Hall, 411.
Marriott, J. H., 115, 130, 142, 152, 153, 218, 287, 380, 397, 402, 403, 452, 494.
Marryatt, J. H. (Lieut.), 153.
Marsden School, 228.
Marshall, M. F., 462.
Marshall, S., 33.
Marshall, W., 233.
Marshman, J., 154.
Martin, M. T., 80.
Martin, Mrs., 491.
Martin, S., 80.
Martin, Towhare, 181.
Martin (1840), 63.
Martin, Otaki, 151.
Martin, W. (Chief Justice), 95, 101, 117, 359, 423, 444, 448.
Martin, W. B., 429.
Martin, W. W., 229.
Marton, 136.
“Mary” (S.), 94.
“Mary Ann Wade” (S.), 115.
“Mary and Elizabeth” (S.), 465.
“Mary Ray” (S.), 183.
“Mary Taylor” (S.), 468.
Maskell, W. M., 498.
Mason, L. A., 107.
Mason, M. (Rev.), 460.
Mason, R., 38.
Mason, Serjeant, 432.
Masonic, 130, 211 (see Freemasons).
Masters, S., 462.
Matakitaki Poinga, 189.
Matangi, 19.
Matene, 336.
Mather, A. and W., 96.
Matthews, A., 273.
Matthews, C. and E., 107.
Matthews, Dr., 100.
Matthews, M. A., 458.
Maule, F., 447.
Maunie, M., 183.
“Mautoki,” 183.
Maxted, E. and G., 85.
Maxwell, Mrs., 313.
Mawhinney, F., 495.
May, J., 27.
May Street, 269.
Mayfair Flats, 317.
Mayne, E., 418.
Mayors (1842–1929), 398.
McAlister, Mrs. R. L., 346.
McA'ister, Miss, 459.
McAlley, R., 458.
McAndrew, Major, 133.
McBeth, J. and J., 29, 95, 142, 166, 341, 358, 455, 456, 457, 458.
McCafferty, P., 222.
McCara, L. D., 462.
McCarthy, H. M., 313.
McCartney, C. and R., 354.
McCleverty, W. A., 143, 152, 153, 159, 308, 311, 318, 405, 410, 426, 428, 457.
McColstry, D., 79.
McConnell, E. and W., 79.
McCoy, T. R. (Lieut.), 429.
McDermid, G. S. M., 246.
McDermot, D., 24.
McDonald, C. R., 462.
McDonald, J. P., 439.
McDonald, R., 462.
McDonald, T., 79.
McDonnell (1834), 483.
McDonogh, 118, 120, 123, 129, 131, 135, 137, 154, 417, 426, 429.
McDowall, W., 460.
McElroy, —., 208.
McElwain, E. H., 312.
McEwan, A., 29.
McFadden, J., 136.
McFarlance, J., 79.
McGaird, P., 92.
McGechean, J., 29.
McGregor, E. and J., 54.
McGregor, P., 460.
McGregor (Turakina), 456.
McGurk, C., 24.
McIlwraith, H., 459.
McIndoe, Mrs., 269.
McInnes, —., 74.
McInnis, —., 313.
McIntosh, A., 122.
McIntosh, C. H., 458.
McIntosh, Is., 77.
McIntosh, M., 73.
McIntyre (Noah's Ark lessee), 221.
McKain, D. and Isaac, 86.
McKay, A., 26.
McKelvie, J., 358.
McKenzie, C., D., F., H., J. (“B'enheim”), 79.
McKenzie, J., 414.
McKenzie, M., 79.
McKenzie, Prof., 407.
McKenzie, P., 79.
McKenzie, T. W., 33, 122, 182, 183, 229, 251, 265, 318, 356†, 374, 436*, 456, 472, 494, 495, 501.
McKenzie, Miss, 268.
McKenzie Terrace, 265.
McKillop, H. F. M., 428.
McKillop, Pasha, 360.
McKinley, D., 435.
McKinnis, L., 79.
McKinnon, J., 79.
McKirdy, C., 400.
McLaren, Mr., 130.
McLatchie, G., 29.
McLaurin, 407.
McLean, Captain, 130.
McLean, Sir Donald and Douglas (see Maclean).
McLean, J., 229.
McLeary, —., 261.
McLeckie, F. and R., 408.
McLelland, A., 54.
McLeod, H. J. McL., 461.
McLeod, R., 183.
McLiver, Mrs., 74.
McMaster, A., 79.
McMillan, C, D., E., J. and M., 79.
McNab, J. 411.
McQuarrie, A., D., J., Mr. R., 79.
McQueen, A., 79.
McTavish, Lieut., 432.
Mead, 78.
Meadows, C., 311.
Meagher, T., 313.
“Meander,” H.M.S., 153.
Mechanics' Institute, 130, 142, 253, 254, 339, 364, 377, 386, 388, 404, 472, 487.
Medhurst, 54.
Medwin, W., 77.
Mee, J., 297.
Meech, R. and K., 92.
Meech, W., 459.
Meek, W. H., 218.
Meers, J., 325.
Mein-Smith, W. (Captain), 21, 22, 23, 26, 30, 34, 39, 47, 50, 53, 55, 56, 57, 59, 66, 72, 82, 94, 121, 131, 132, 164, 200, 222, 234, 265, 272, 300, 301, 308, 318, 355†, 356, 426, 441, 456, 474*, 476, 492.
Mein Street, 265.
Melanesian Mission (1859), 392.
Melbourne, J., 318.
Melbourne, Mr., 344.
Melvin, R., 85.
Menzies, G. and J., 77.
Men of Mark in N.Z., 331.
Mercantile Marine, 167.
Merchandise Sales, 96.
Merchant, E. C., 87.
Meredith, J. M., 408.
Merrix, H. and M., 77.
Messana, Mr., 229.
Methodist Church. 393.
Metropolitan Hotel, 269.
Michael, B., 313.
Michell, H., 428.
Middlecroft. Mr., 74.
“Middlesex” (S.), 74.
Middleton, F. D., 429.
“Midge,” H.M.S., 355.
Midgley, H., 38.
Midland Hotel, 249.
“Midlothian” (S.), 469.
Miles, A. H., 293.
Miles, I. C., 24.
Miles, Mr and Mrs., 74.
Miles, T., 96.
Military Ball, 251.
Military Barracks, 251.
Military Committee, 132.
Military Encampment, 228.
Military Operations, 154.
Military Protection, 428.
Millan, Mrs, 28.
Millan, Mr., 248.
Milland, R., 24.
Miller, C., 73.
Miller, E., 218.
Millgate, Mr., 38.
Milliner, S., 54.
Mills, A. S., 458.
Mills, E., 103, 177, 178, 180, 256*, 257, 380, 400, 422, 437, 458, 473, 494.
Millward, C., 269.
Milne, A., 461.
Milner, J., 311.
Milson, D. and E., 103.
“Minerva” (S.), 445.
Minzies, A., 77.
Ministerial Residence, 169.
Minniham, J. and M. A., 73.
Miriama Teira, 373.
Miramar Tennis Courts, 18.
Miramar Tunnel, 267.
Miramar Wharf, 470.
Missionaries, 126.
Missions to Seamen, 311.
Mitchell, G., 423.
Mitchell, H., 268.
Mitchell, T., 24.
Mitchell, W., 100.
Mitchell Library (Sydney), 447.
Mitchell Street, 228.
Mitchell and Gandy, 218.
Mitford, J. T., 94.
Moe (a chief), 34.
Moeller, F. and P., 400.
Moe-ra, 189.
Mohi Puketapu (a chief), 173.
Molesworth, F. A., 6, 26, 30, 31, 40, 41*, 43, 44*, 50, 99, 107, 110 (houses and farm), 111, 126, 126, 137, 193, 194, 199, 200, 202, 204, 206, 261, 267, 270, 356†, 442.
Molesworth, Sir W., 27, 194, 198, 199, 200, 205, 206, 234, 266, 268, 284, 322, 342, 356†, 438, 443, 448, 475.
Molesworth and Hart, 100.
Molesworth Street, 143, 251, 255, 257, 268–270, 317, 335, 356, 370, 388, 404, 435.
Moloney, E., J. and M., 54.
Mollingworth, E. and P., 107.
Mollison, T., 495.
Molyneux Bishop, 393.
“Monowai” (S.), 294.
Montalk (de), R. W., 414.
Monteith, Ensign, 137.
Monteith, Dr., 286.
Monteith, J., 196.
Monteith, L., 458.
“Montgomery” (S.), 469.
“Montmorency” (S.), 242.
Montrose, Mrs., 380.
Moodie's Hotel, 275.
Moody, W. G. F., 311.
Moon, G., 427.
Moore, G. (Hon.), 59, 109, 116, 142, 153, 177, 255, 258, 288, 318, 320, 405, 410, 411, 426, 430, 496.
Moore, G. F., 81.
Moore, J. (Rev.), 394.
Moore, J., 448.
Moore, J. O'M., 38.
Moore, R., 435.
Moore, S., 275.
Moorhouse, W. H. S. (Major), 245, 261, 271, 278, 305, 408, 434*, 435.
Mordin, J. J., 316.
Moreing, H., 23, 26, 30*–32, 34, 50, 61, 192, 197–202, 204, 206, 233, 318, 342, 384, 492.
Moreing and Taylor, 50.
Morford, W., 198.
Morgan, J. E., 457.
Morgue, 218.
Morrah, E. H. and F. D., 408.
Morris, W. R., 50.
Morrison, D., 79.
Morrison, W., 24.
Mortimer, C. and J., 77.
Morton, D. and G., 80.
Morton, Mr., 403.
Mosday, W., 110.
Mothes, R., 501.
Mouatt, Sergeant, 432.
Mounsey, P. C. M., 94.
Mount, C. and M., 54.
Mount Albert, 311.
Mount Alfred, 287.
Mount Wakefield, 270.
Mountain, T. J., 229.
Moxham, T. P., 462.
Mudgway, A., B., C., E., G., L., O., R. and S., 92, 150, 183, 312, 404.
Muir, J. W., 109.
Muirhead, Dr., 143.
Mulgrave Street, 70, 165, 208, 253, 272*–275, 370, 392, 404.
Mullens, W. L., 154.
“Mumford” (S.), 339.
Mummery, C., 80.
Municipal Milk Department, 223.
Munro-Hale, A. W., 294.
Murdoch, M., 234.
Murihuku, 464.
Muritai, 18.
Murphy, C., 54.
Murphy, M., 65, 71, 81, 82, 89–91, 94, 99, 259, 269, 273, 283, 297, 410, 492, 499.
Murphy, Mrs., 229.
Murphy, P., 54.
Murray, T. T., 202.
Murray, W., 29.
Museum, Dominion, 250, 253, 258, 268, 270, 275, 276*, 306, 506.
Museum Grounds, 255.
Music (1853, etc.), 496.
Music Teachers, 498.
Musical Festival (1888), 381.
Musical Society, 236.
Musical Society (1895), 497.
Musical Union, 497.
Muston, C., 498.
Myers, M., 494.
“Mystery” (S.), 160.
Nairne, C. J., 73.
Nairne Street, 275.
Naming of Wellington, 71.
Nankeville, 476.
Nankivell, R. and W., 38.
Napier, Lord, M.P., 449.
Narrative of Resident of N.Z., 349.
Nash, A. and J. H., 38.
Nathan, G. E., 312.
Nathan, H. and J., 77.
Nathan, M., 380.
National Bank, 312.
National Historical Collection, 120.
National Mutual, 221.
National Repertory Theatre Society (1926), 498.
Native Boats and Buildings, 158.
Native Burial Grounds, 189.
Native Canoes and Carts, 158.
Native Cemetery (Pito-one), 278.
Native Character, 78.
Native Crops, 158.
Native, Friendly, 138.
Native Funeral, 363.
Native Half-caste, 158.
Native Kindness, 65.
Native Mills, 158.
Native Ministers, 140.
Native Morals, 158.
Native Names of Pas, 189.
Native Pigs, 158.
Native Population, 154.
Native Potato Ground, 15.
Native Religion, 158.
Native Rents, 158.
Native Reserves, 191–195, 198–200, 203–206, 255, 272, 313, 318, 386, 484.
Native Residents at the Hutt, 126.
Native Scholars, 158.
Native Stock, 158.
Native Vowel Sounds, 208.
Native Welcome to Duke of Edinburgh (1869), 257.
Naturalist (Port Nicholson), 370.
“Navarino” (S.), 74.
Naylor, Captain, 74.
Nayti, 14.
Neale, R., 313.
Neighbours, —., 85.
Neilson, J., 29.
Nelly, Sergeant, 174.
Nelson, B. and W., 85.
Nelson “Examiner,” 161.
Nevin, D., 316.
Newall, Lieut-Col., 430.
Newbury, W., 54.
Newell, J., 456.
Newenham, R. (Cap.), 429.
“New Era” (S.), 469.
Newingham, Captain, 154.
Newlyn, Mr., 409.
Newton, A. W., 501.
Newton, J., 413.
Newtown Avenue, 277.
Newtown School, 409.
New Year (1841), 75.
“New York Packet” (S.), 115.
“New Zealand Advertiser,” 437.
Bill, 56.
Carrying Company, 222.
Company, 11, 30, 38, 47, 50, 53, 60, 67, 70, 75, 88, 99, 149, 151, 175, 182, 246, 308, 337, 338, 359, 369, 370, 375, 378, 440, 441, 444, 445, 448–450, 466, 475, 484.
Flag. 34.
Geological Society, 275.
Greenstone, 507.
House, 249.
Insurance, 249*.
Institute Engineers, 214.
Land Company (see N.Z. Coy.).
Military, 357.
Named, 463.
Publicity, 506.
Shipping Company (1873), 470.
Steam Navigation, 221.
Wars, 361.
Ngai-Tahu, 266.
Ngamokopuna, 189.
Ngaponga, 69.
Nga-Tara, 266.
Ngati-Ira, 266.
Ngatihuhunu, 156.
Ngati-Kaukawa, 133.
Ngatiruanui, 155.
Ngati Te Whiti Kotua, 15.
Ngati-Wakatere, 138.
Ngau-Matau Occn., 189.
Nga-uranga, 17, 18, 155, 156, 158, 238, 277, 279, 286, 471, 475.
Nga-uranga Road Society, 165.
Nga-uranga Residents, 286.
Nicol. J., 202.
Nicol, W., 109.
Nicolas, B. G. W., 428.
Nicolas, C., 458.
Nicolas, T., 198.
Nicolas, W., 233.
Nicholl, Mrs., 297.
Nicholl, W., 79.
Nicholls, T. (Cap.), 465.
Nicholls, Col., 437.
Nicholls, J., 411.
Nicholson, E., 475.
Nicholson, W., 218.
Nimmo, Captain (R.N.), 499.
Nimmo's, 305.
Nisbet, J. and T., 29.
Niven (1870), 178.
Noakes, Miss. 343.
Noble, J., 297.
Noble, Te Taiepa Paea, 133.
Nominee Council, 377.
Nonconformists, 372.
Norman, A., 448.
Norris, B. A. and C., 96.
Norris, G. and S., 92.
“Northfleet” (S.). 183.
Northwood, J. H., Mr. and Mrs., T. and T. C., 37, 59, 95, 231, 308, 309, 318, 457.
Northwood and Drake, 132.
“North Star” (S.), 128.
Norton, A. and C., 77.
Nott, A., 103.
Nott, J. T., 408.
Nott, W., 103.
Novell, C., 92.
Nursing Guild, St. John, 498.
Oakes, F., 498.
Oakley, W., 273.
Oamaru-Kai-Kuru, 189 (see Point Jerningham).
O'Brien, J., 26.
O'Brien, S., 447.
O'Callaghan, G. D., 448.
Occidental Hotel, 249.
Ockenden, Mr., 236.
O'Connor, Gunner, 432.
O'Connor, H., 456.
O'Connor, Miss Irma, 447.
O'Connor, M., 185.
Oddfellows Hall, 180, *230, 255, *256, 317, 379, 445, 454, 496, 500.
Odlin, W., 413.
O'Ferrill, M., 447.
Ogden, J., 413.
Ogilvie, G. S., 191.
O'Halloran, G. S., 279.
Ohariu (see Owhariu).
Ohiro, (see Owhiro).
Ohiti Pa, 189.
Okiwi-iti, 189.
Okiwi-nui, 189.
Old Custom House St. (Bond St.), 81, 131, 168, 215, 248, *279, 280, *323, *326, 410, 454.
Old Kaiwharawhara Road, 281.
Old Karori Road, 281.
Old Porirua Road, 281.
Oliver, Captain, 143.
Oliver, J., 80.
Oliver, Miss, 34.
Oliver, Mrs., 491.
Oliver, T., 313.
Oliver, W. R. B., 276.
O'Leary, H. F., 494.
O'Loughlin, Mr., 281.
O'Loughlin, S., 415.
O'Loughlin, T., 183.
Olympic Eights, 175.
Omaruru, 189.
O'Meara, J. P., 185.
O'Meara, T., 109.
O'Neill, C., 294.
Opera House (Grand), 305.
Operatic Society (1888), 496.
Orange Lodge, 495.
Orangi Kaupapa, 207.
Orbell, C. and F., 458.
Orchestral Society (1879), 496.
O'Reilly, J. J. P. (Rev. Father), 146, 147, 151, 211, 212, 265, 387, *388.
“Oriental” (S.), 25, 27, 41, 43, 53, 172, 182–185, 441, 467.
Oriental Parade, 281.
Oriental Terrace, 283.
Oriental Trig, 228.
Ormond, G. C., 408.
Ormond, J. D., 159.
Ormond, Miss, 154.
Ormsby, A., 195.
Orongo-orongo Stream, 260.
O'Rourke, Sir M. 363.
Orphanage, 442.
“Orpheus” (S.), 355.
Oruaite, 189.
Oruamotoro, 189.
Osborne, B. M., 403.
Oswyn, Miss, 246.
Otago Acclimatisation Society, 414.
Otapapa (1866), 335.
Otapawa, 346.
Otten, J., 325.
Our Girls, 171.
Outhwaite, T., 428.
Ovingdon, M., 461.
Owen, Professor, 284.
Owen Street, 284.
Pa-ara, E. (a Chief), 458.
Pacific Steam Navigation, 448.
Packman, G. M. and W., 38.
Packridge, S., 122.
Paddock, Lieut., 461.
Packaka, 189.
Packawakawa, 189.
Paerau, 189.
Pae-Whenua, 189.
Page, G. H., 429.
Page, H., 241.
Page, S., 192.
Paget, Sir E., 160.
Pagon, F. J., 273.
Pahautanui (see Pauatahanui).
Pakeha, 27.
Pakeha Maori's Lament, 176.
Paki-paki Process, 336.
Pakuao Stream, 189.
Palliser, Captain, 463.
Palliser Bay, 468.
Palmer, Captain, 411.
Palmer, Sir Chas., 458.
Palmer, C. W., 498.
Palmer, E., 77.
Palmer Head, 18.
Palmerston (M.P.), 449.
Panama, N.Z. and Australian Mail, 469.
Panama Fleet (1853), 469.
“Pandora,” H.M.S., 160.
Papakawhero, 189.
Paparangi, 189.
Para Street, 284.
Paramata (a Chief), 131.
Paramount Theatre, 216.
Para-Ngarehu, 189.
Pararoa-nui, 189.
Para-tawao, 138.
Paremata Pa, 370.
Pari Pari, 82.
Pariwhero, 189.
Park, J., 428.
Park, R., 22, 50, 59, 95, 109, 121, 132, 147, 315, 318, 320–327, †357, 373, 426, 430, 457, 458, 459, *475.
Park (1870), 179.
Parker, H. A., 496.
Parker, Jo., 437.
Parkinson, T., 115.
Parliament Grounds, 213, 233, 259, 268, 269, 275, 296, 299, 382, 383, 387, 414, 415.
Parliament Triangle, 97.
Parnell (Auckland), 349.
Parororangi, 189.
Parris, W., 297.
Parry, M. and T., 103.
Parsonage, Mr., 311.
Parsons, Mr., 437.
Parsons, W. F. (Mrs. and Miss), 497.
Partridge, T. M., 30, 34, 43, 50, 81, 82, 109, 121, 193, 410, 426.
Patanga Crescent, 284.
Patent Slip, 246.
“Patriot” (S.), 99.
Patriotic Meeting, 165.
Patrols, 132.
Pattern, R. W., 211.
Paul, E., 80.
Paul, J., 400.
Paul, R. B. (Rev.), 458.
Paul, T. (Q.M.S.), 461.
Paulina House, 218.
Paying, 208.
Pawton, J. and M., 63.
Payton, C., 297.
Peake, H. L. and J. W., 130.
Pearce, E. P., 209.
Pearce, J., 204.
Pearce, Mr., 380.
Pearce Wharf. 422.
Pearse, J., 457.
Pearson, Captain, 63.
Pearson, G., 160.
Pedder, T., 429.
Peel, R., 449.
Peers, J., 241.
Peggotty's, 309.
Pelichet, C. H. L., 458.
“Pelorus,” H.M.S., 346.
Pendarves (M.P.), 449.
Pengelly, Mr., 448.
Pennels, F., 92.
Pepper, A., 241.
Perrett's Corner, 303.
Perrin, R., 73.
Perry, B., 457.
Perry, G., 261.
Perry, R. (Dr.), 449.
Peru Peru, 20.
Peters, Mr., 38.
Petone (see Pito-one).
Petitjean, Rev., 391.
Petre, A. (Hon.), 504.
Petre, H., 6, 26, 31, 32, 63, 76, 123, 131, 143, 193, 197, 199, 205, 288, 300, 318, 370, 442, 457, 469.
Petre, H. W. (Hon.), 39, 43, 59, 65, 121, 143, 159, 426, 430, 448, 461.
Petre, Lord, 6, 26, 37, 199, 200, 205, 308, 342, 438, 439, 447.
Petre, Mrs. (Hon.), 139.
Petre (see Whanganui).
Pettit, M., 74.
Pharmacy Board, 332.
Philanthropic Society, 442.
Philatelic Society 1888), 499.
Philosophical Institute, 342.
Philips, C. H. J. and W., 85.
Philps, J., 183.
Phoenix Aerated Co., 215.
Phoenix Foundry, 279.
Pickering, W. P., 154.
Pigeon Club, 504.
Pigeon Shooting Match (1846), 504.
Pigot, R., 449.
Pike, J., M. E., R. H. and W., 34, 54, 100, 109, 193, 215, 321, 459.
Pilcher, E. G., 5, 208, 218, 243, 244, 289, 301, *432, 442, 461, 499.
Pilcher, G., 38.
Pilcher, H., 234.
Pilkington, A. and M., 73.
Pilliett. W. H., 437.
Pilot Station, 328.
Pinfold, J. (Rev.), 370.
Pioneer Club (1909), 499.
Piper C. H., 462.
Pipitea Pa, 17, *67, 113, 116, 123, 125, 169, 189, 222, 269, 272, 471.
Pipitea Settlement, 156.
Pipitea Stm., 231.
Pirie Street, 287.
Pitman, J. and M., 92.
Pito-one, 13, 15, 17, 18, *21, 29, 35, 53, 57, 125, 126, 139, 156, 169, 172, *182, 189, 278, *287, 291, 308, 345, 363, 364, 370, 388, 404, 410, 436, 469, 471.
Pito-one, Removal from, 66.
Pito-one Flood, 375.
Pito-one Hotels, 70.
Pitt, H., 308.
Pitt Street, 313.
Place Names, 207.
Plan of Harbour and Town (1840), 50, 55, 72, 110, 208, 282, 483.
“Planet” (S.), 185.
Plank, Captain, 160.
Plimmer, John, 100, 149, 150, 154, 166, 167, 177, 178, 182, 212, 246, 247, 255, *292, 304, 306, 318, 325, 362, 400, 421, 472.
Plimmer Wharf, 221.
Plough Inn, 70.
“Plume” (oil tanker), 470.
Plymouth (England), 444.
Poad, T., 27.
Poetry, 14, 23, 33, 43, 66, 75, 89, 102, 116, 128, 136, 140, 165, 171, 172, 175, 177, 382.
Pohutukawas, 275.
Point Arthur, 189.
Point Dorset, 293.
Point Gordon, 296.
Point Halswell, 293.
Point Hip-pah, 260.
Point Jerningham, 293.
Polack (1838), 483.
Polhill (M.P.), 449.
Polhill Gully, 284.
Political Dinner, 166.
Polkinghorne, C. J., 428.
Pollard, G. T., 200.
Pollen, D. (Hon.), 380.
Polling Day, 108.
Polo Club (1894), 504.
Polynesian Voyagers, 295.
Poole, L., 458.
Poole, M. and H., 96.
Poole, Rev. S., 392.
Pomare, Lady, 501.
Poneke, 190.
Ponike of Te Aro, 69.
Popham, H., 458.
Poplar Grove, 270.
Population (Karori), 239.
Porirua Bay, etc., 91, 95, 113, 123–127, 132, 135, 150, 336, 394, 431, 457, 476, 480, 481.
Porirua Natives, 135.
Porirua Section, 58.
Porirua Track, 189.
Porokoro (a chief), 140.
Poroutawao Natives, 150.
Port Nicholson, 15, 17, *18, 36, 154, *189, 190, 375, 385, 464, 475, 483.
Post Office, 61, 106, 107, 221, 223, 225, 229, *230, 248, 253, 301, 309, 376, 379, 409–411, *413, 419, *422.
Post Office Chimes, 419.
Post Office Hotel, 380.
Post Office Square, 293.
Post Office Time Ball, 473.
Pote, B. and W., 77.
Potter, J., 85.
Poukawa, 36.
Poultry, 96.
Poultry Society (1881), 504.
Poutama, 156.
Power, W. J., 429.
Powley, E., 458.
Pownall, C. A., 408.
Prebble, A. M. and R., 458.
Premiers, 346.
Prendergast Estate, 210.
Pressman, Mr., 422.
Preston, H. and S., 80.
Preston, F. J., 246.
Preston, H. W., 250.
Prevention Cruelty Animals, 499.
Prible, A. and J., 24.
Price, E., 38.
Price, Mr., 421.
Prince, A., E., J., M. and W., 80, 81, 109, 167, 169, 233, 234, 260, 294, 321.
“Prince Regent” (S.), 341.
Prince of Wales Visit, 383.
“Prince of Wales” (S.), 115.
Prince of Wales Hotel, 494.
Princess Hotel, 169.
Pritchard, R. D., 428.
Procession, 129.
Professional Orchestra (1905), 498.
Prossers', 256.
Protestant Band, 185.
Provincial Buildings, 221, 233, 250, 252, 276, *298, *378–380, 451.
Provincial Council, 166, 168, 298, 405, 406, 408, 422, *452.
Provincial Hall (Christchurch), 445.
Provincial Solicitor, 214.
Provincial Hotel, 494.
Public Houses (see Hotels).
Public Schools Association, 354.
Public Service Association, 498.
Pugin (architect), 393.
Puhara Keke Tapu Battle Site, 189.
Puhirangi Pa, 189.
Pukakawe, 314.
Pukahu (a native), 303.
Pukerangiora, 157.
Pullen. J., 200.
Purdy, G. R., 374.
Purnell, G. W., 437.
Pusched, Herr, 496.
Queen Charlotte Sound (names), 286.
Queen Margaret College, 228.
Queen's Park, 229.
Queen's Wharf, 173, 215, 228, 231, 235, 293, 315, 421, 422, 435, 455, 506.
Quick, Captain, 363.
Quin, W., 400.
Quin House, 149.
Quin Street, 149.
Quinton's Corner, 214.
Racecourse (Island Bay), 235.
“Racehorse” (S.), 428.
Racing Club, 504.
Radford's, 224.
Rae, T., 109.
Railway Station (Te Aro), 455.
Railway Wharf, 455.
“Rajah” (S.), 183.
“Ralph Bernal” (S.), 130.
Ramsay, 325.
Ramsay, H., 462.
Ramsay, J., 311.
Ramsay, Mrs., 43.
Ramsbottom, A. and T., 77.
Randall, —., 241.
Ranga-a-hiwi Heights, 265.
Rangihaeata: 53, 89, 91, 95, 119, 123, 124, 126, 135, 136, 138, 154, 157, 360, 362, 394.
Rangikitua, 173.
Ransom, V. C., 160.
Rasden, J. (Lieut.), 428.
Rash, Bandmaster, 432.
“Rattlesnake.” H.M.S., 466.
Rauakitua, 157.
Rauparaha (see Te Rauparaha).
Raupo Thatch, 113.
Raurimu, 189.
Raven, —., 432.
Rawlings, Mr., 411.
Rawson, M. A., 38.
Rawson, Mr., 74.
Raymond, Captain, 37.
Raynor, J., 160.
Read, W., 22.
Reclamations, 215, 221, *247, 266, *307, 315, 370, 377, 453, 473, 484.
Recollections (N.Z. Colonist), 250.
Recollections (Traveller N.Z.), 342.
Redding, Mrs., 311.
Redmond, G., 251.
Redstone, H. B. (Rev.), 393.
Reed, A. W. (Capt.), 429.
Reed, J. and M., 54.
Rees (M.H.R.), 180.
Rees, J. R., 459.
Reeves, W. P., 353.
Regatta, 257.
“Regia” (S.), 115.
“Regina” (S.), 355.
Reid, Captain, 137.
Reid, D., 29.
Reid, H., 109.
Reid, J., 193.
Reid, N., 265.
Reid, R., 300.
Reid, W., 191.
Reilley, F., 138.
Reith, Miss, 313.
Relf, A and R., 38.
Remnant, H. and J., 114.
Removal to Thorndon, 376.
Renner, F., 312.
Renney, Mr., 223.
Republic, 51.
Reservoir, 242.
Restrictions, 69.
Reta Abraham Hori, 308.
Retrospect, 172.
Returned Soldiers' Association, 499.
Reuben Avenue, 228.
Revans, S., 34, 45, 47, 49, 50, 59, 71, 82, 83, 111, 112, 122, 137, 192, 199, 200, 202, 204–207, 246, 295, 318, 405, 426, 436, 440.
Revans Street (see Riddiford St.).
Revell, F. W., 185.
Revenue, 178.
Reynolds, Captain, 464.
Reynolds, E., 114.
Reynolds, H., 114.
Rhodes, A., 413.
Rhodes, E. and M., 114.
Rhodes, R., 80.
Rhodes, R. H., 154.
Rhodes, S. A., 398.
Rhodes, W. B., (Capt.), 24, 59, 74, 81, 82, 109, 121, 153, 154, 166, 172, 220, 251, 255, 261, 295, 313, 318, 360, 374, 380, 405, 410, 411, 417, *418, 426, 458, 462.
Rhodes Street, 295.
Richards, A., 77.
Richardson, W. B., 325.
Richmond, M. (Major), *120, 123, 124, 125, 130, 131, 137, 138, 149, 165, 273, *274, †358, 416, 426, 429.
Richmond, Miss M., 499.
Richmond, R., 241.
Richmond, Mr., 95.
Riddiford, A., 457.
Riddiford, D., 34, 50, 54, 70, 71, 81, 84, 85, 99, 122, 190, 192, 194, 197, 200, 295, 309, 314, 318, 344, †358, 370, 441, 456.
Riddiford Street, 295.
Ridgway and Guyton, 112.
Ridler's Cresent (Pito-one), 289.
Rifle Pits, 169.
Rifle Shooting, 505.
Riwai (a chief), 133.
Roberts, Sir A., 498.
Roberts, A. W., 437.
Roberts, P., 27.
Robertson, T., 202.
Robin, A. (Sir), 499.
Robinson, A., 80.
Robinson, J. P., 37.
Robinson, F., 426.
Robinson, G. F., 14.
Robinson, H., 233.
Robinson, Jas., 183.
Robinson, Jos., 15.
Robinson, J. P., 467.
Robinson, R. T., 261.
Robinson, S., 154.
Robinson, T. H., 183.
Robson, C., 141.
Roche, E. and T., 77.
Rodgers, C., 26.
“Rodney” (S.), 466.
Roe, C., 437.
Roe, E. S., 109.
Roebuck, J. A., 372.
Rogers, M., 138.
Rogers, T., 183.
Rolfe, J., 82.
Rolleston, Co. (M.P.), 449.
Rolleston, W., 457.
Rolls, J., 234.
Root, C., M. A., S. and W., 92.
“Rosario,” H.M.S., 178.
Rose, R., 460.
Rose of the Valley Inn, 300.
Roseby, A. and T., 96.
Rosenberg's, 305.
Rosina Terrace, 321.
Ross, G., 79.
Ross, J. (Rev.), 344.
Ross, J., 500.
Ross, J. G., 183.
Ross, M., 96.
Ross, Mr., 192.
Ross, N., 132.
Ross, R., 96.
Ross, W. (Dr.), 428.
Rossiter, C., 313.
Rotary Club, 499.
Rotermund, W. H., 218.
Rothchild, L., 448.
Rotoiti River, 483.
Rous-Marten, 437.
Rouse, Black and Hurrell, 218.
Roussell, E. and J., 85.
Rowley, F. W., 497.
Rowland, A., 29.
Rowse, C. and S., 100.
Rowsell, J., 87.
Roxburgh Street, 295.
Royal Academy Music, 496.
Royal Choral Society, 498.
Royal Engineers, 429.
“Royal George” (S.), 468.
Royal Merchant, 74.
Royal Tiger Hotel, 494.
Ruamanga, 476.
Ruck, J., 325.
Rudland, —, 178.
Rukutoa, 189.
Rumball, J. and M., 38.
Rumble, J. and S., 38.
Runners, 504.
Russell, E., 38.
Russell, H., 426.
Russell, Taita, 300.
Rutland Hotel, 291.
Rutland Stockade, 345.
Ryan, M. and M. A., 73.
Ryder, F., 435.
Sadler, J., 24.
Sadlier, Bishop, 393.
Sage, G. C., 295.
Sage's Lane, 295.
Sainsbury, A., 85.
Saint Thomas, 109.
Saint Anne's, 22.
Saint James', 469.
Saint Mary's, 264, 305, 387, 388, 211, 212, 234, 252, 253, 390, 391, 412.
Saint Mary's (Karori), 241.
Saint Matthias', 393.
Saint Paul's (old), 88, *101, 143, 144, 213, 269, *274, 275, *276.
Saint Paul's (Napier), 354.
Saint Peter's School, 229.
Saleyards, 262.
Salt, T. C., 47.
Samo, H. and W., 92.
Sample, G., 185.
Sampson, R. and S., 100.
“Samuel” (S.), 464.
Samuel, R. H., 318.
“Samuel Cunard” (S.), 466.
Sanctuary, J., 154.
Sanderson, E. V., 408.
“Sandfly” (S.), 87.
“Sandfly” (P.S.), 355.
Sandys, Lord, 26.
Sansom, A. and R., 93.
Sarjent, H. and L. C., 103.
Saturday (a Rotuma man), 32.
Saumarez, J., 428.
Saunders, G., 115.
Saunders, S., 352.
Saunders, W., 107.
Saunders Lane, 310.
Sauzeau, Rev., 363.
Savage, E., 80.
Savery, J. S., 27.
Savings Bank, 66.
Sawyer, J., 24.
Sayer, R. B., 26.
Sayers, B., 109.
Sayes Court, 210.
Saywell, C., 183.
Saywell, G. and S., 54.
Scagmour, M., 196.
Scanlon, Mr., 460.
Schaeff, A., 216.
Schaw, Major, 498.
Scholey, G. and W., 200.
Schools (for Aborigines), 442.
School, R.C., 210.
School, Newtown, 265.
School, Pito-one W., 290.
School, South, 295.
Schultze, G. E. F., 408.
Schultze, H. S., 269.
Scorching Bay, 293.
Scott, A., C., D., E. and G., 29, 38, 107, 109, 208, 327, 358.
Scott, H. W., 275.
Scott, I., 458.
Scott, J. W., 194.
Scott, Mr. and Mrs., 27.
Scoular, A., 122.
Scullers, H., 29.
Scully, T. (Serg.), 458.
“Scylla” (S.), 172.
Sea, J., 461.
“Sea Bird” (S.), 160.
“Seagull” (S.), 470.
Sealy, A. B., 154.
Sealy, H. B., 142.
Seamen's Memorial, 297.
Seaton and Sladen, 222.
Seat of Government, 59.
Seaver, Chas., 428.
Seaview Terrace, 278.
Secker, D., 114.
Sections (see Town Acres 57.
Sedgwick, Bishop, 393.
Selection of Town Plots, 251.
Self Government, 345.
Sellar, Ja., Jo. and S., 80.
Selvers, W., 261.
Selwyn, G. A. (Bishop), 21, 101, 125, 126, 168, 234, 275, 286, 331, 332, 347, 358, 371–373, 376, *384, 386, 387, 392, 404, 405, 415, 443, 444, 447, 454.
Selwyn, W., 384.
Semple, J., 193.
Senior, Mr., 447.
Separation of Settlement, 251.
Serianike, W. N., 475.
“Seringapatan” (S.), 166.
Servants, 48.
Settlers Constitution, 377.
Settlers Landing, *289.
Settler's House, 62.
Sewell, B., 261.
Sewell, Miss, 494.
Sewell, S., 241.
Sewell, W. (Rev.), 391.
Seymour, H. B. (M.P.), 449.
Seymour, Mrs., 403.
Seymour, Mr., 427.
Shand, J. A., 495.
Shank, G., 79.
Sharp, C. (Capt.), 59, 109, 118, 121, 131, 132, 137, 147, 154, 177, 223, 301, 316, 320, 360, 426, 430.
Sharp, H., 77.
Shaw Savill (1883), 470.
Sheehan, Hon. J., 473.
Shelbourne (M.P.), 449.
Shelley, J., 460.
Shelton, W., 109.
Shepherd Lodge (1866), 495.
Sheriff, F. (Rev.), 393.
Sheriff Department (1842), 410.
Sherring, S., 100.
Sherwin, C., 428.
Shiel, R. L. (Hon.), 447.
Shilton, W., 80.
Shipping Arrivals (1642–1844), 469.
Shipping Arriva's (1840, etc.), 74, 94, 96, 99, 110, 115, 117, 130, 151, 154, 160, 441, 463.
Ship's Inn, *323.
Shire Line (1897), 470.
Shirtcliffe, G., 414.
Shops (1844), 472.
Shops Closing, 378.
Shortland, W. (Lieut.), 51, 53, 59, 61, 68, 116, 125, 253, 301, 378, 414, 419, *420, 423.
Shortt's Pictures, 325.
Shuter, M. and S., 38.
Signall, D. and W., 73.
Sidney, Miss, 446.
Simcox, Mrs. W., 5.
Sime, D., J. and M., 87.
Simeon, C., 426.
“Simlah” (S.), 160.
Simon, F., 96.
Simpson, Captain, 74.
Sinclair, Dr., 198.
Sinclair, D., 6, 26, 30, 32, 40, 43, 48, 78, 191, 192, 198, 200, 202, 205, 259, 318, 442.
Sinclair, Dunc., 183.
Sinclair, E. F. G. H., 79.
Sinclair, J. (Sir), 6.
Sinclair, J., 79.
Sinclair, R., 313.
Sinclair, S., 449.
Sindles, S., 73.
“Sir John Falstaff” (S.), 87.
“Sir Robert Peel” (S.), 183.
“Sisters” (S.), 468.
Site for Wellington, 38.
Skerrett, C. (Sir), 500.
Sixty Fifth Regmt., 138, 192, 143, 146, 153, 154, 159, 168, 355, 377, 403, 410, 429, 496.
Skinner, W. A. G., 484.
Skipworth, F. R. E., 458.
Sladen, D., 279.
Sladen and Seaton, 222.
Slaney, H. and J., 96.
Slarke, J. and M., 96.
Slaughter Yard, 279.
Sleigh, S. K., 408.
Sloane, D., 309.
Smart, Mrs., 213.
Smith, Ag., 81.
Smith, Al., 96.
Smith, Amy, 81.
Smith, C. E. (Sir), 372.
Smith, C. H. M., 26.
Smith, Don., 460.
Smith, G., 275.
Smith, G. K., 110.
Smith, H., 311.
Smith, H., 374.
Smith, Col. H., 448.
Smith, I, 96.
Smith, James, 50, 63, 74, 81, 82, 122, 153, 166, 183, 199, 220, 318, 372, 405, 494, 500, 501.
Smith, Captain James, 374.
Smith, J. Abel (see Abel Smith).
Smith, Job., 244.
Smith (Te Aro House), 218.
Smith, L., 313.
Smith, M., 27.
Smith, Steven, 213.
Smith, W. M. (see Mein-Smith).
Snellgrove, F., 469.
Snow in Wellington, 242.
Social Club (1893), 501.
Social Welfare Club (1885), 501.
Society of Musicians (1907), 497.
Society Protection Women and Children, 501.
Somes, J., 6, 37, 196, 197, 206, 296, 316, 439, 444, 447, 449, 475.
Sonham, T., 136.
Sorely, Miss, 501.
Souter, A., B., C. and J., 85.
Southee, S., 80.
Spensley, Miss, 496.
Spicer, —., 276.
Spiers, C. A., J., J. F. and W., 26, 231, 241, 311, 450, 459.
Spinks, Ensign, 137.
Spinks, M., 411.
Spinner, R., 38.
Spratt, J., 138.
Sprott, T. H. (Bishop), 5, 293, 331, 389, 391, 393, 499, 501.
Squire, E., 92.
Stacey, J., 109.
Strachan, A., 160.
Stafford, Captain E., 373.
Stancliffe, J., 197.
Standard, Mr., 281.
Standen (Aus.), *503.
Stanfield, J., 193.
Stanhall, C., 308.
Staples, 269.
Star Inn, 306.
“Star Queen” (S.), 336.
Stark. —., 456.
Starkes, J. and L., 85.
Startup, R. and S., 103.
State Fire, 259.
St. Aubyn, 448.
Staynor, J., 197.
Stead, T. F. (Capt.), 99.
Steam Packet (1897), 470.
Steam Trams, 473.
Steamer (First), 133.
Stelling, J., 414.
“Stephen” (S.), 160.
Stewart, A., C., L., M. J., R. and W., 77, 80, 85, 103, 458.
Stewart Dairy, 308.
St. George, Mr., 87.
St. George's Hall, 495.
St. George's Redoubt, 335.
St. Hill, A., 38.
St. Hill, H., 30, 34, 46, 50, 59, 81, 82, 99, 109, 123, 131, 137, 142, 143, 147, 159, 168, 190, 231, 233, 252, 273, 286, 288, 345, 370, 384, 392, 405, 416, 417, 424, 426, 462, 494, 499.
St. Hill, Street, 296.
Stichbury, C., 457.
Stickley, I., and T., 94.
Stightime, M., 314.
Stilling, H., 417.
St. John G., 408.
St. John. R. (Capt.), 27.
St. John's Hostel, 210.
St. John's Lodge (1873), 495.
“St. Marie” (S.), 468.
Stock, A. (Archdeacon), 74, 168, 173, 209, 393, 405, 411, *432, 457, 473.
Stock Driving, 84.
Stoddart, Mr. and Mrs., 34.
Stoddart, N., 222.
Stoddart (8th Regmt.), 456.
Stoddart (Dixon St.), 149.
Stokes, R., 22, 24, 49, 50, 59, 93, 99, 151, 154, 159, 197, 206, 288 294, 301, 320, 436.
Stokes, U., 93.
Stone, Mr., 99.
Storey, H., 138.
Story, W., 321.
Stout, R. (Sir), 4, 154, 180, 297, 301, †358, 360, 370, 381, 382, 405, 407, 408, *420, *425, 492, 494, 501.
Strang, R. R., 28, 29, 36, 45, 47, 50, 55, 59, 82, 94, 108, 109, 110, 147, 154, 197, 207, 229, 251, 301, 318, 319–322, 350, 351, †359, 373, 392, 416, 424, 426, *455, 461.
Strange, Lieut., 410.
Stratton, E. and T., 81.
Strauneas, Mrs., 74.
Street, R. M., 177.
Strickland (M.P.), 449.
Strong, H., 458.
Sturdee, Admiral, 247.
Stulfield, C. H., 222.
Styles, E., 269.
Suburbs, 484.
Sugar Loaf Road, 228.
Summox, E., F., M. and W., 93.
Supreme Court, 95, 210, 221, 250, *254, 255, 276, *296, 376, 380, 424.
Surndell, S., 201.
Surveyors Camp, *481.
Surveyor-General's Dept., 50, 93, 270, 321, 414, 474–479, 484.
Survey of Town, 110.
Survey of Coast, 142.
Susans, D., 296.
“Susannah Ann” (S.), 467.
Suspension Bridge, 234.
Susini Signor, 180.
Sussex Square and Street, 297.
Suter, H., 200.
Sutherland, A. D. S. I. and J. M. 26, 79, 85, 429, 456, 458.
Sutherland, W., 241.
Sutherland, A. H. J. R. and W., 38, 54, 77, 97, 109, 121, 261, 370.
Sutton Row (See Sturdee Street), 149.
Swaffer, M. and W., 92.
Swainson, F., 458.
Swainson, G. E., 408.
Swainson, G. F., 496.
Swainson, Miss, 409.
Swainson, W. (F.R.S.), 6, 12, 59, 74, 114, 121, 123, 126, 130, 131, *134, 142, 192, 194, 195, 197, 199, 201, 202, 204, 205, 207, 316, 322, 355, *359, 370, 384, 392, 416, 426, 450, 492.
Swan, Dr., 26.
Swan, F., 85.
Swann, J., 34.
Swinson, Mr., 414.
Sydney Street, 129, 131, 143, 171, 253, 297, 298, *299, 382, 388, 404, 407, 506.
Symonds, W. (Sir), 448.
Symons, E., 458.
Symons, J. and J. J., 92.
Tabor, G., 374.
Tagg, J. W., 327.
Taine, J. J., 34, 99, 109, 122, 149, 159, 203, 248, 255, 288, 320, *334, †359, 360, 421, 456.
Tai pa Kupaku, 189.
Taira, 302.
Taita Rifles, 174.
Takapu Track, 189.
Taku Tekuwau (off Te Aro), 69.
Talbot, F., 337.
Tancred (M.P.), 449.
Tanera Crescent, 228.
Tangi, 15.
Taniore Harawira, 173.
Tanner, M., 81.
Tanneries, 117.
Tara, 327.
Tarakena, 189.
“Tararua” (S.), 469.
Tararua Range, 162.
Tardner, G. D., 429.
Taringa-kuri, 238.
Tarn, Mrs., 409.
Tarr, E. and J., 17.
Tarvis, A., 26.
Tasman Flight, 384.
Tasman Street, 300.
Tate, T., 200.
Taumata-patiti, 189.
Taunton Journal, 113.
Tautoki, 327.
Taverner, J. and N. A., 92.
Taverns (See Hotels).
Tawatawa Range, 189.
Tawhiao, 351.
Taylor, R., 241.
Taylor, R. W., 408.
Taylor, T., 136.
Taylor, T. F. (Rev.), 395.
Taylor and Watt, 470.
Taylor Street (Whanganni), 345.
Teague, S., 77.
Te Ana-o-Kahungunu Cave, 189.
Te Ana-puta, 189.
Teans, J. and L., 85.
Te Aro Population, 158.
Te Aro Railway, 314.
Te Aro Settlement, 155.
Te Aro Ward, 177.
Te Aroaro-o-Kupe, 189.
Te Atiawa Tribe, 325.
Te Awa-iti, 350.
Technical College, 408.
Tegner, Captain, 363.
Te Heu Heu (Chief), 351.
Te Hiko-o-te-Rangi, 286.
Te Kaeaia (See Taringakuri), 19.
Te Kapahou Range, 189.
Te Kepa, 314.
Te Kopara (a chief), 234.
Te Kuri, 286.
Telgate, G. and M., 107.
Te Mahanga, 189.
Te Manuhiri Tuarangi, 339.
Te Motutere, 278.
Temple, C. H. V. (Lieut.), 428.
Templeman, R., 448.
Tennent, A., 196.
Tennent (M.P.), 449.
Tents, 39.
Te One-i-Kawakawa (See Thorndon Quay).
Te Papa-o-Tara, 189.
Teppien, H., 297.
Te Puke (a native), 63.
Te Puna-a-Tara, 189.
Te Puni, 15, *16, 19, 21, 25, 29, 31, 34, 39, 40, 42, 63, 71, 111, 116, 137, 138, 143, 144, 151, 156, 157, 172, 173, *174, 181, 183, 268, 286, 288, 290, 291, 363, 474.
Te Puni Court House, *12.
Te Puni, Ngapaki, 173.
Te Puni Presentation, 139.
Te Rae-akeake, 189.
Te Raekaihau, 189.
Te Rangihaeata (See Rangihaeata).
Te Rauparaha, 13, 114, 119, 123, 124, 126, 127, 133, 135, 155, 157, 270, 302, 347, 369, 375, 394, 463.
Te Rimurapa, 189.
Terrace Gardens, 228.
Terrace School, 409.
Terrey, J., 38.
Te Tangihanga-a-kupe, 189.
Tetapi (a native), 69.
Te Tatau-o-te-po Pa, *62.
Te Tutu (a native), 63.
Te Wa (a native), 63.
Te Wai-hirere, 189.
Te Wai Paikaka, 308.
Te Wanga (a native), 63.
Te Ware (a native), 63.
Te Watanui (a chief), 133.
Te Wharau Range, 189.
Te Wharepouri (See Wharepouri), 19.
Te Wi (a native), 63.
Thairwall, Mr., 114.
Thane, W., 470.
Thatcher, C. R., 457.
Theft, 123.
Thelwall, R. B. T., 429.
“Theresa” (S.), 130.
“The Sisters” (S.), 124.
The Strand (Lambton Quay). 255.
The Terrace (See Wellington Terrace).
Thom, E. C., 458.
Thom, W., 200.
Thomas, F., 497.
Thomas G., 159.
Thomas, Mr., 403.
Thomas, S. and W., 107.
“Thomas Lowry” (S.), 151.
Thompson, B., 200.
Thompson, E., 100.
Thompson, H., 79.
Thompson, J. (Rev.), 153.
Thompson, J. (Captain), 467.
Thompson, J., 246.
Thompson, J. A., 241.
Thompson (M.P.), 403.
Thompson (Farmer), 468.
Thompson, P., 471.
Thompson, R., 448.
Thompson, W. Barnes, 191.
Thompson and Co., 218.
Thomson, F. D., 409.
Thomson, J. (Captain), 27.
Thomson, J., 484.
Thomson, Tamehana, 133, 169 (see Te Rauparaha).
Thong, J. (Captain), 198.
Thorndon Bay, 45.
Thorndon Flat, 35, 39, 43, 61, 78, 81, *88, 132, 149, 169, 286, 308, 434, 474, 478.
Thorndon Reclamation, 314.
Thorndon School, 409.
Thorndon Ward, 177.
Thorp, W. (Lieut.), 428.
Thorpe, A. T., 273.
“Three Brothers” (S.), 115.
Thresher, E. and L., 54.
Tiki, 507.
Tilden, T., 462.
Tilley, W., 160.
Time Signals, 154.
Tinakore Road, 161, 207, 232, 234, 254, 255, 308, *310, 340, 370, 389, 404.
Tinakore Stream, 311.
Tingatoro, 19.
Tinline, J., 81.
Titis, 141.
Tivoli, 264.
“Tobago” (S.), 115.
Tod, A., 201.
Todd, A. and G., 29.
Todd, Dr. G., 461.
Todd, M., 92.
Todd, Mr., 110.
Todman, C. B., 196.
“Tohara” (whaler), 350.
Tokio Lane, 255.
Toll House, 236.
Tollemache, A. (Hon.), 159.
Tollemache, A. G. (Hon.), 59, 191, 192, 195–199, 202, 204, 205, 209, 316, 318, 325, 353, *360, 361.
Tollemache, C. C. (Hon), 194.
Tollemache, F. (M.P.), 449.
Tollemache, F. J. (Hon.), 193–197, 201, 202, 204, 205, 316, 318, 447.
Tomlinson, R., 73.
Tonks, E. G. J. and W., 103, 149, 183, 218, 284, 294, 422, 457, 473.
Tonks Avenue, 316.
Toogood, G., 500.
Tooke, T., 448.
Toomath, E. D., 300.
Toomath, R. W., 289.
Toomey, M., 300.
Torpedo Corps, 430.
Torr, J. and J., 103.
Torre, Mr. H., 107.
“Tory” (S.), 10, 14, 16, 22, 32, 34, 39, 61, 341, 348, 375, 385, 444, 446, 467, 474.
Totara Road, 414.
Tournear, 168.
Tovey, A., 93.
Towgood, A. V. (Rev.), 136.
Town Acres, 46, 48, 55, 56, 57 (512), 99, 190, 248, 356, 376.
Town Clerk, 110.
Town Clock, 152.
Town Surveyor (1842), 475.
Townsend, Mrs., 74.
Townsend, Mr., 314.
Townsend, C. N., 457.
Towsey, C., 497.
Tracy, N., 456.
Trades Commissioner, 401.
Trades Society, 435.
Trampers Club (1918), 505.
Tramping, 348.
Travers, W. T. L., 126, 221, †361, 369, 375, 422, *425, 473, 498.
Trelawney, C., 448.
Tremayne, Mrs., 448.
Trentham Camp, *382.
Trevarton, E. and W., 38.
Trevelyan, Mr., 447.
“Tribune” (Wellington), 221.
Trice, M. and W., 92.
Trimmer, J. T., 449.
Tripe, J. D., 469.
Trist, J., 38.
Trollope (M.P.), 449.
Trolove, F. W., 163.
Trotter, P., 261.
Trotter, W., 493.
Trower, T. W., 115.
Tuati, 19.
Tu-awake, 139.
Tucker, W., 314.
Tuckett, Mr., 119.
Tuckwell, R., 241.
Tuffnell, 447.
Tuihi (a native), 302.
Tukapu, 60.
Tulett, Captain, 115.
Tullett, W., 460.
Tully, C., 356.
Tunley, Captain, 151.
Tunuhaere, 119.
Turakina, 406.
Turakina River, 86.
Turnbull, W. M. (M.D.), 121.
Turnbull Library (See
Turnell, M., 81.
Turner, Corpl., 432.
Turner, I., 79.
Turner (Sittingbourne), 65.
Turtley, A., 27.
Tuware (a native), 69.
Tweedale, J., 494.
Twist, S., 316.
Tyer, A., 279.
Tyler, J., 38.
Tyrrell, W. R., 461.
Tyser Line (1891), 470.
“Ullswater” (S.), 87.
Umu, 20.
Underdown, W., 87.
Underwood, T., 460.
Underwod (Port), 20.
“Undine” (S.), 154.
Union Bank Aus., 34, 66, 147, 161, *226, 252, 259, 303, 305, *324, 325.
Unlawful Assemblage of Arms, 123.
“Urania” (S.), 464.
Uren, T., 27.
Urwin, —., 178.
Utiku, H., 350.
Valpy, A. J., 448.
Values, 396.
Van, J., 85.
Vanderwood, H., 92.
Vane, R. L. (Dr.), 115.
Varlo, G., 437.
Vaughan, Dr., 408.
Venning, G. H., 457.
Vessels (see Shipping), 75, etc.
Veteran Soldiers, 174.
Viard, P. (Bishop), 153, 154, 233, 234, 297, 318, 361, 390, 404.
120, 427.
Victoria College University, *243, 244, 316, 357, 407, 409, 414.
Victoria Cavalry, 357.
Victoria Cross, 431.
Victoria Hotel, 494.
“Victory” (S.), 154.
Villar, —., 149.
Villiers, E. (Hon.), 448.
Vincent, E. W., 436.
Viney, J., 233.
Voce, S., 85.
“Volage” (S.), 464.
Volkner, Rev., 347.
Vosseler, F., 505.
Wade, J., 70, 71, 74, 81, 89, 95, 99, 109–111, 121, 137, 153, 260, 262, 301, 302, 312, 313, 323, 372, 404, 426, 456, 459, 492, 500.
Wade Street, 313.
Waggon, E., 38.
Wai-hinahine, 189.
Waikanae, 286.
Wai-komaru Pa, 189.
Waipatea, 458.
Waipiro Stream, 189.
Wairarapa (a chief), 119.
Waireka, 348.
Waitaha, 189.
Waitangi Swamp, 189.
Waitara (1847), 351.
Waiteatea Estate, 265.
Waitohi Stream, 189.
Waitt, R., 59, 82, 109, 110, 121, 146, 147, 151, 153, 154, 223, 261, 426, 456, 494, 500.
Wakefield, Arthur (Capt.), 119, *120, 346, 414, 445, 447, 448.
Wakefield, D., 94, 159, 161, 288, 308, 374, 424, 426, 445, 458, 469.
Wakefield, Eliza, 74.
Wakefield, Emily, 49.
Wakefield, E. G., 61, 144, 161, 191, 194, 195, 197–199, 204, 206, 212, 250, 288, 295, 308, 318, 339, 369, 374, 386, 436, 438, 439, *442-*445, 449, 450, 493.
Wakefield, E. J., 14, 15, 22, 32, 34, 40, 47, 51, 86, 105, 106, 111, 123, 151, 166, 167, 238, 258, 260, 288, 293, 350, 370, 375, 377, 387, 411, 436, 438, 445, *446.
Wakefield, I, 74.
Wakefield, O., *179.
Wakefield, Susan, 74.
Wakefield, W. (Col.), 14, 15, 17, 19, 22, 24, 26, 27, 29, 30, 34, 39, 40, 42, 43, 46–48, 51, 55, 57, 60, 81, 90, 93, 112, 113, 123, 129–131, 134, 139, 142–144, 190, 266, 270, 283, 300, 302, 308, 318, 342, 379, 377, 426, 429, 441, *447, 461, 474, 475, 499.
Wakefield's (Thorndon), 79, 88, 93, 99, *101, 252, 253, 268, 275, 370, 386, 415.
“Wakefield” (S.), 373.
Wakefield, Mount, 284.
Wakeham, W., 313.
Walker, P., 457.
Walker, R., 94.
Walker, S., 81.
Walker, T., 448.
Wallace, E. L., 462.
Walker, G., 29.
Wallace, Jas., 154, 211, 258, *334, *340, †361, 362, 372, 456.
Wallace, J. B., 177.
Wallace, J. C., 211.
Wallace, J. H., 24, 59, 109, 110, 130, 137, 154, 168, 177, 182, 211, 236, 294, 318, 369, 405, 457, 458, 498.
Wallace, W., 318.
Wallace, W. V., 251, †362.
Wallace's Inn, 279.
Waller, M. and W., 100.
Walpole, Mr., 74.
Walton, W. H. (Rev.), 395.
Walton Military Hospital, 353.
Wamby. —., 241.
War Canoes, 34.
War Dance, 20.
War Memorial (Brooklyn), 228.
War Memorial (Mitchelltown), 268.
War Relief Association, 501.
War Sketches (1914–18), 275.
Warburton, T., 77.
Warburton (M.P.), 449.
Warcup's, 274.
Ward, A. T., 5.
Ward. Charles, 165, 218, 223, 225, 318, *334, †362, 374, 418, 456, 457, 458.
Ward, Ed., 34.
Ward, Elizabeth, 462.
Ward, John (N.Z. Co.), 6, 11, 50, 192, 195, 196, 198, 199, 302, 369, 441.
Ward, J., 136.
Ward, J. G. (Rev.). 384.
Ward, R. (Rev.), 297.
Ward, T., 295.
Ward, W. F., 408.
Ware, C., 92.
Warihi, 19.
Waripori (see Wharepouri), 207, etc.
Warner, —., 178.
Warnock and Adkins, 500.
Warre, Colonel, 335.
Warren, Mrs., 448.
“Warspite” (S.), 464.
Warwick, S., 501.
Wata Te Herepounamu (a chief), 133.
Watanui, 286.
Watchman, C., 94.
Watchmakers, 376.
Waterfront (1928). 506.
Waterhouse, G. M., 380.
“Waterloo” (S.), 465.
Waterloo Hotel, 236.
Waterloo Inn, 279.
Waterloo Lodge (1866), 495.
Waterloo Railway, 290.
Watermen's Jetty, 326.
Waters, C., 459.
Waters, W. A., 432.
Waters Hotel, 216.
Watkin, L. F., 498.
Watkin-Mills, 236.
Watson, C., 409.
Watson, H. (Rev.), 390.
Watson, J. T., 499.
Watson, Mr., 94.
Watson, R., 211.
Watson, T., 211.
Watson, T. H., 109.
Watson, W., 201.
Watt, A., 81.
Watt, J., 61.
Watt, Jas., 74, 85, 95, 109, 111, 112, 132, 134, 251, 266, 312, 316, 430, 435, 492.
Watt Street, 313.
Watters, F. J. (Dr.), 407.
Weanell, J., 77.
Wears, J., 85.
Weatherhead, R., 229.
Weatherly, Mr., 110.
Weaver, Mrs., 320.
Webb, S. A., 26.
Webb, T., 81.
Webb, T. C., 497.
Webb, W., 24.
Webby, 178.
Webster, G., 269.
Weekly Illustrated, 242.
Weight, J., 269.
Weightman, Mr., 450.
Welch, Mr., 24.
Welch, W., 26.
Weller, W., 138.
Wellesley, Lord C., 449.
Wellesley Club (1891), 500.
Wellington Cadets, 380.
Wells, T., 428.
Welsh, H., 109.
Were, J., 428.
Werry, —., 178.
Werry, N. W., 500.
Wesleyan Church, 128, 145, 147, 219, 221, 262, *263, 305, 318, 370, 407. 411.
Wesleyan Reserve, 265.
Wesleyan Jubilee Index, 370.
Western, —., 300.
Weston, C., 100.
Weston, C. H. (Col.), 370.
Weston, S., 100.
West-Watson (Bishop), 393.
Westwood, J., 77.
“Weymouth” (S.), 469.
Whabby, T., 109.
Whaka Hiku Wai Stream, 189.
Whakairo Pa, 141.
Whale, N., 107.
Whangaehu River, 86.
Whanganui, 82, 106, 131, 136, 155, 335, 339, 344–346, 348, 361, 406, 472.
“Whanganui” (S.), 466.
Whanganui Tribe, 156.
Whangaroa (a native), 127.
Wharawhara, 236.
Wharepouri, 15, *16, 17, 29, 34, 39, 42, 63, 156, 172, 173, 182, 262, 277, 278, 290, 362, 475.
Wharepouri Street, 321.
Whataitai (see Hataitai).
Whatonga, 327.
Wheat, 82.
Whebby, Mr., 283.
Wheeler, R. and S., 77.
Whitaker, G. (Sir), 321.
Whitaker, Mr., 95.
Whitaker Street, 321.
White, A., 107.
White, D., 100.
White, Lady, 461.
White, T. E. (Dr.), 429.
White, W. J., 94.
White's (Ancient Maori), 412.
White Swan Hotel, 218.
Whitebread, Mr., 448.
Whitecrop, J. and W., 92.
Whiteford, Captain, 380.
Whitehall, 211.
Whitehouse, T., 218.
Whitewood, W., 24.
Whitewood's Inn, 300.
Whitmore, W., 447.
Whiita, W., 94.
Whittaker, J., 457.
Whitten, W., 221
Whyte, Captain J., 86.
Wibley, M. and W., 38.
Wide-Awake (a chief). 82.
Wight, D. and M., 77.
Wi Hapi Pakau, 183.
Wilcox. —., 314.
Wild, Miss, 361.
Wild Boar, 267.
Wildman, J., 85.
Wiley, J., 460.
Wilhelmi, C., D. and M., 54.
Wilkins and Field, 224.
Wilkinson, C. and D., 87, 116, 147, 281, 322, 324, 392, 417, 459, 492.
Wilkinson, E., 87.
Wilkinson, J. H., 24.
Wilkinson, Mrs., 234.
“William Bryan” (S.), 185.
“William Stoveld” (S.), 118.
Williams, Cath., 458.
Williams, Herbert (Rev.), *485.
Williams, H., 325.
Williams, Isa. and J., 27.
Williams, J. R., 222.
Williams, Lee, 496.
Williams, Lieut., 261.
Williams, R. S., 392.
Williams, S., 74.
Williams, T., 223.
Williams, T. C., 234.
Williams, W., 38.
Williams, W. (Rev.), 392.
Williams, W. L. (Rev.), 499.
“William and Jane” (S.), 469.
Williamson, J., 418.
Williamson, T., 87.
Willis, A., 6, 46, 50, 74, 99, 112, 191, 193, 196, 200, 246, 253, 301, 324, 439, 449.
Willis, Lieut., 218.
Willis Street, 161, 208, 212, 248, 301, 303, *322–325, 391, 402, 404, 409, 411, 453, 454.
Willowbank, 293.
Wilmot, C. O. (Ensign), 429.
Wilmot, H. R., 429.
Wilmhurst, H. and J., 85.
Wills, E. and E. F., 459.
Wills, J. F., 279.
Wills, Mrs. M., 107.
Wills, Corporal, 432.
Wills Wharf, 422.
Wilson, A. L., 498.
Wilson, Captain, 26.
Wilson, I., 458.
Wilson, Jessie, 458.
Wilson, McD. (Dr.), 287.
Wilson, Mr. and Misses, 74.
Wiltons Bush, 325.
Wimble, J., 191.
Winchester, H. P., 458.
Windsor Town Hall (England), 387.
Wingate, Mr., 312.
Wingfield Street, 231.
Winnell, M., 38.
Winter, Mr., 178.
Winter Show (1924), 501.
Winthrop, G. T. S. (Lieut.), 428.
Wintringham, Mr., 154.
Wireless Station, 284.
Wirth Bros., 414.
Wishart, J., 265.
Wi Tako (Hon.), 17, 19, 108, 116, 119, 125, 129, 155, *181, 182, 255, 286, 325, 327, 350, †362–364, 471.
Wodehouse, W., 159.
Wonells, D., 92.
Woodgate, R., 300.
Woodham, E. and J., 100.
Woodhouse (M.P.), 449.
Woodward, C., 458.
Woodward, Jonas, 74, 109, 122, 130, 142, 165, 166, 180, 185, 233, 239, 305, 313, 325, 348, †364, 371, *372, 380, 388, 406, 407, 410, 496, 501.
Woodward Street, 131, 132, 246, 249, 258, 325, 404, 407, 472.
Women's Club (1896 and 1924), 501.
“Wonga Wonga” (S.), 293.
W.E.A., 501.
Workshops (1844), 472.
Wouldham, A. and H. W., 54.
Wouldham, H., 325.
Wraight, H. and J., 54.
Wray, Sir B. P., 199.
Wreyford, J., 201.
Wright, C., 456.
Wright, C. E. N., 428.
Wright, J., 192, 193, 196, 197, 200, 202, 203, 205, 206, 229.
Wright, Captain, 413.
Wright, J., 34.
Wright, J. F. E., 284.
Wright, L. F. P., 458.
Wright, Mrs, 320.
Wright, S. F., 265.
Wright, W., 34.
Wright, W. J., 193.
Wright Street, 328.
Wrixon, Mrs., 392.
Wroughtman, J., 450.
Wyall, W., 275.
Wyatt, Major, 154.
Wycherley, Captain M., 467.
Wyld, —., 484.
Wylie, M., 49.
Wyllie, A., 74.
Yacht Club (1883). 505.
“Yarra” (S.). 490.
Yates, F., F. T., H., J. and Mrs., 34, 36, 71, 269, 500, 302.
Yelverton, W. C. (Hon.), 429.
Yending, Mr., 112.
York Street, 313.
Yorke, E. T., 449.
Youlton, J. and J., 74.
Young, Admiral, 448.
Young, C. M., 100.
Young, Dr., 210.
Young, E., 100.
Young, E. P., 458.
Young, G. F. (M.P.), 6, 196, 198, 199, 200, 202, 204, 205, 256, 439, 447.
Young, H., 196.
Young, J. C., 497.
Young, M. A., 100.
Young, P., 100.
Young, T. and W., 235.
Young, W. C., 113.
Young, W. H., 241.
Young's Avenue, 328.
Young's Hotel, 112.
Yuill, A., 413.
15.
16.
17. Maupuia Pa.
18.
19. Motu-kai-rangi Island.
20.
21. Tutai-weera.
22. Puke-hinau Range.
23. Otari (Mt. McCleverty).
24. Ahumairangi Range
25. Hau-kawakawa (Thorndon Flat).
26. Clifford's Battery (Redoubt).
27. Huri-whenua (Te Aro Flat).
28. Wai-mapihi (Te Aro Stream).
29. Kai-papa (Vice-Regal Residence).
30.
31. Kirikiri-tatangi.
32.
33. Rangitatau Pa
34. Puhirangi Pa.
35. Haewai.
36. Waitangi Stream.
NOTE.—For identification of localities this map is made to be read with the Lands and Survey Department's County Map, and a tracing from either superimposed on the other will locate a desired spot.
Pages 5 (right column, fifteenth line from top), 319 (Fig. 175), 326 (Fig. 183), should read F. J. Halse. Page 328.—Right column. Wright Street. Probably named after Mr. Wright, Banker to the N.Z. Company.
Page 328.—Right column. Young's Avenue. Should be through Section 111; is named after Mr. Andrew Young.
His Excellency Sir Charles Fergusson, Bart., LL.D., G.C.M.G., K.C.B., D.S.O., M.V.O.
Alphabetical list of subscribers whose names were received in accordance with the Prospectus issued in 1927, under the title of “Wellington City Old and New.”
Abraham, R. S., Palmerston North
Agricultural College (A. J. Wild), Feilding
Aldred, Dr. B. F., Myrtle St., Lower Hutt
Alexander, Turnbull Library
Allan, E. P., 143 Waimea St., Nelson
Amos, H. (Banks Commercial College), Terrace
A.M.P. Society, City
Ardrey, Geo., Cuba Street
Atmore, Hon. Harry, Minister for Education, Nelson
Baker, A. T., Constable St.
Baker, T. N., Baker Bros., Lambton Quay, W.
Barber, E. D., 35 Pipitea St., W.
Barnes, Mr., c/o. Gear's, Lambton Quay
Barnett, A. G., Secretary Harbour Board
Barrett, C. R., 12 Hautana St., Lr. Hutt
Barton, E. D., Pipitea St.
Bates, Rev. D. C., Brooklyn, W.
Baumber, Rev. W., Cashmere, Christ-church
Bayfield, A. D., Federal Steam Navigation Co., W.
Beauchamp, Sir H., The Grange, Highland Park
Bell, Right Hon.
Benge, O. H., Boulcott St., W.
Bennett, H. C., 1824 Yale Drive, Alemeda, California, U.S.A.
Bennett, H. D., 30 Hawkestone St.
Bennett, W. H., Wellington Terrace
Benton, W. (farmer), Featherston
Best, Elsdon, Barnard St., Highland Park, W.
Bethune, W. E., 164 Wellington Ter.
Bezar, E., Esq., 19 Rintoul Street, Wellington
Billman, W. J., Perth St., Ngaio
Blundell Bros., Evening Post, Willis St.
Bothamley, C. M., Legislative Council
Bourke, P. H., Simla Cres., Khandallah
Bowerbank, Dr. F., Willis St.
Bradey, C., Duck Creek. Pauahatanui
Bradey, E., Paremata
Bradey, F., Bay View, Paremata
Brandon, A. de Bathe, Hobson St.
Brandon, Miss Louise, 56 Pipitea St.
Brown, Vigor, Mayor of Napier
Buddle, H. D., 26 Victoria Avenue, Remuera, Auckland
Bunny, E. P., Temple Chambers, Johnston St., W.
Burns, J. C., Petone West School
Burrett, B. W., Fordell
Butcher, Mrs. G. E.,
Cachemaille, E. C., 49 Ballance St.
Cachemaille, E. D., 14 Central Ter., Kelburn
Cameron, Miss, Kaiwharawhara
Campbell, J., Book Arcade, Lower Hutt
Campbell, Thos., Campbell St., Karori
Carlisle, J. Manchester St., Christ-church
Carman, A. H., Lambton Quay
Carman, Mrs. Annie, 11 Brunswick St., Lower Hutt
Carpenter, J. H., Lands Dept., Auck.
Carter, Mrs. C. E., 12 Kensington St.
Castle, F. T., 86a Hill St., W.
Cathie, C. M., 2 Mariri Rr., Kilbirnie
Chapman, Sir F. Revans, Golder's Hill
Clapham, Miss M., 58 Pipitea St.
Clapham, T. W., 37 Grant Rd.
Clark, J. J., Kilbirnie
Clere, F. de J., 71 Bolton St.
City Council, Wellington
Coad, Miss N. E., 37 Washington Avenue, Brooklyn
Coates, Right Hon. Gordon, P.C.
Cobbe, Hon. J. G., Minister for Commerce, Feilding
Coltman, Thos., Grand Hotel
Commercial Travellers' Club, Victoria Street
Commons, W. McKenzie, Mountain Rd., Epsom, Auckland
Comrie, Rev. W. J., 114 Wellington Terrace
Cook, Harrison, Huia Rd., Days Bay
Crawford, A. C., Nelson Street, Wanganui
Crawford, H. S., U.S.S. Co.
Crawford, R. J., 18 Harbour View Rd., Northland
Crompton-Smith, M., Khandallah
Cruickshank, W. H., 96 Cole St., Masterton
Dalrymple, K. W., Waitatapia, Bulls
Deane, Mrs. H. Pollexfen, May's Hill
Dirset, A., Tinakore Road
Douglas, Sir Kennth (Bart.), 31 Hunter Street
Downes, W. S., Willis St.
Drew, H. T. B., N.Z. House, London
Dunn, Alexander, 19 Kings Chambers
Durie, Mrs. C. A., France Rd., Napie
Dykes, Jas., N.Z. D.P., Bldg., London
Dysart, Earl, England
Earle, F. J., 25 Brougham St., Nelson
Early Settlers Assn., Abel Smith St. (W. Toomath)
Edwin, Miss Irene, 179 Wellington Ter.
Elgar, M., Featherston
Elliott, Dr. J. S., 43 Kent Ter., W.
Employers Federation, City
England, W. F., 415 Karori Rd.
Fairchild, H. S., Sec. Chamber of Commerce
Ferguson, W. D., 39 North Terrace, W.
Field, W. H. (M.P. for Otaki), Terrace, W.
Fitchett, A. B., Apuka St., Brooklyn
Fitzgerald, F. L., Willis St.
Fitzherbert, E., Karori
Fountaine, Admiral, Narford Hall, Kings Lynn, Norfolk
Forbes, Hon. Geo. W., Parliament Buildings
Francis, H. J., A.M.P. Soc., Masterton
Freeman, C. J., Lands Transfer Dept.
Furness, R. P., Marlborough Express
Gaby, Mrs. C., Adelaide Road
Galey, C. B., 58 Adelaide Rd.,
Gates, G. H., c/o. Raymond Gates, Oroua Downs, near Foxton
Geddis, H. V., Clifton Terrace
Gellatly, A. A., c/o J. H. Bethune and Co., W.
Girls Colleges, Wellington
Goldsmith, J. I., 81 Vivian St.
Goodbehere, Mrs. S. F. (née Phemic Kilgour)
Gunn, C. A., Rotorua
Guylee, J., Feilding
Hall, Henry, 70 Hill St.
Hamilton, A. B.
Hamilton, H., Maori Arts and Crafts, Rotorua
Hammond, E. E., C/o. T. & W. Young
Hammond, Mrs. E. P., Marton
Hannah, Mrs. W., 5 Gladstone St., Napier
Harbour Board, Wellington
Harding, J. W., Mt. Vernon, Waipukurau
Harding, W. Guy, Khandallah
Hare, Mrs. Mary, 9 Lerwick Terrace, Lyall Bay
Hardwick-Smith, Dr., 4 Harbour View,
Hay, E. P., 114 Kelburn Parade
Helyer, W. J., 338 Oriental Bay
Henry, Dr. C. Dawson, 22 Wellington Terrace
Hickson, W. E. A., Wi Tako St., Lower Hutt
Hill, Mrs. F., 359 Adelaide Rd.
Hill, F. S., 190 Derwent St., Island Bay
Hislop, T. C. A., 33 Salamanca Rd.
Holdsworth, F., 37 Panama St.
Huggins, H. A., 55 Hamilton Rd., Kelburn
Hunt, A. Leigh, 73 Kainui Rd., Hataitai
Hunter, Sir George, Porangahau
Hunter, Cyril, Huiarau, Waione, Hawkes Bay
Hunter, G. E., 18 Watt St., Highland Park
Hunter, Percy,
Hunter, R. H., 355 Willis Street
Ilott, John, 246a Wellington Terrace
Jackson, W. R., c/o. Gear's, Lambton Quay
James, Alexander, 19 Hawker St.
Johns, F. J., Kelburn Parade
Johnson, Miss E. A., Lynbrook, Brooklyn
Jones, L. A., Esq., Box 587, Wellington
Kane, Miss A., 5 Halswell St., W.
Kane, E. W., 51 Bolton St., W.
Kebbell, J., Levin
Kelleher, B. (Old Identities) Albert Hotel
Kempthorne, Archdeacon J. D., Tahunanui
Kerr, W. J., c/o National Bank, Grey Street, W.
King, C., Oriental Parade
Knowles, Mr. A. W., 24 Central Ter.
Knowles, W. West, 11 Mowbray St.,
Library, Public, Wellington
Library, Public, Timaru
Library, Public, Dunedin
Library, Public, Auckland
Library, Public, New Plymouth
Library, Public, Invercargill
Library, Public, Whanganui
Linton, H. D., Wellington Club, W.
London, G. T., 4 Hutt Rd., Petone
Luke, Mr. A. J., Luke and Kennedy, Wellington
Luke, E. M., (Dr), Wellington Terrace
Luke, Sir J. P., (M.P.), Hiropi St.
Luxford, C. E., Pinnacle St., Seatoun
Luxford, C. E., 102 Constable St.
Lyon, Miss M., N.Z. University Office
Lyon, T. H., Mercury Bay
Mackenzie, Hon. Sir Thomas, C.C.M.G., Parliamentary Buildings
Mahoney, Rev. Father, Boulcott St.
Mason, H. J. W., Lucknow Terrace, Khandallah
Maysmor, Lance, 11 Grey St. (Banks')
McAlister, R. L., Anne St., Highland Park
McCallum, R., Blenheim
McKnight, G., c/o. Goldberg Advt. Agency, Wellington
Mestayer, Mrs., 139 Sydney St.
Miles, A. H., Hobson St.
Millington, Mrs., Whangarei
Mills, A. E., Upton Terrace
Mills, J. F., Marsden Ave., Karori
Mitchell, Mrs. E., Otaki
Morpeth, W. G., 25 Panama St.
Morice, Dr. C. G., 24a Hill St.
Morris, E., Taranaki St.
Morrison, F. H., 70 Willis St.
Mullon, H. D., 108 Buller St., New Plymouth
Murton, H. M., 106 Davis St., Hastings
Myers, Mrs. M., Kelburn
Napier Club, Napier
Nelson Institute (F. G. Gubb and Col. Buxton), Nelson
Nevill, Canon, Cathedral Vicarage, Dunedin
Nicholas, Rev. C. E., Royal Oak, Auckland
O'Connor, Miss Irma, Omahu Road, Remuera, Auckland
Otago Times and Witness, Dunedin
Parliamentary Library, Wellington
Parr, Right “Hon. Sir J. C., England (High Commissioner), (
Percy, W. J., settler, Hutt Rd., Petone
Petre, Sebastian Harry, 8 Carlos Place, Grosvenor Square, London
Pharazyn, C. B., Nelson Club, Nelson
Picot, Mrs. E., Khandallah
Pilcher, E. G., 225 Wellington Ter.
Pilgrim, S., Glencoe Avenue, W.
Pinfold, Dr. J., Karori South,
Plimmer, J. A., Khandallah
Pomare, Sir Maui and Lady, Hutt
Powles, Colonel C. G., 43 Central Terrace
Preston, H. W., Stout St., W.
Prince, —, c/o Shaw Savill Co.
Radford and Co., 33 Manners St.
Ramsbottom, G., Levin
Redwood, Most Rev. Francis S. M. Archbishop
Riddick, P., 59 Garden Rd., Northland
Robertson, Dr. H. Graham, 52 Hobson Street
Ross, Mrs. Robert G., 102 Marjoribank Street
Roydhouse, and Son (W. D. News), Carterton
Scholefield, Dr. G. H., 42 Highland Park
Scotland, Captain E., Karaka Bay
Shallcross, R. W., 26 Newman Terrace
Simm, W., Manager D.I.C., Church St., Karori
Sinclair, Mrs. D., Ghuznee St.
Smith, Capt. Amelius, 334 Esplanade, Island Bay
Smith, A, P., 12 Pearce St., Seatoun
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Sprott, Rt. Rev. Dr., Mulgrave St.
Standen, E. G., c/o E. W. Mills and Co.
Stewart, Hon. W. Downie. 11 Heriot Row, Dunedin
Stout, Dr. T. Duncan, 281 Wellington Terrace, W.
Stout, Right Hon. Sir Robert, K.C. M.G., LL.D., P.C., M.L.C.
Swain, Edgar, Church St., Waipawa
Taine, H. E., Braemar Flats, Terrace
Tanner, C. W., 200 Lambton Quay
Tilly, Mrs., Lower Hutt
Tolan, H. W., Blair St., W.
Tollemache, Hon. Stanhope, England (
Toomath, W., 7 Aurora Ter. W.
Trapp, H. M. B., High St., Carterton
Triggs, F. W., 8 Lincoln Rd., Napier
Tully, Miss Constance, Princess St., Hamilton
Union Steam Ship Coy.
Vance, E. B., Atlas Insurance Co., Brandon St.
Verry, T. H., Pahiatua
Vickerman, F., Upland Road
Wakefield, Miss Lilian, 19 Bealey Avenue, Christchurch, Cant., N.Z.
Wallace, Mrs. Jas, 72 Brougham St.
Wallace, Mr. Jas., Walolelie. Apia, Western Samoa
Ward, Right Hon. Sir Joseph, Parliament Buildings
Ward, Alexr. C., farmer, Wimbledon, Hawkes Bay
Ward, Basil Robert, 12 Playre St., Rangoon
Ward, Denzil A. S., 18a Kelburn Parade
Ward, Miss Mary E., Paremata, W.
Ward, W. F., 150 Featherston St.
Wardrop, J. H., Lands and Survey Office, Nelson
Watt, J. C., 81 Nelson Street, Petone
Watts, C. W., G.P.O., City
Webb, Misses A. and M., Technical College
Webb, C. E., Bank N.Z., Manners St.
Wellington Club, The Terrace, W.
Wellington College, Boys, W.
Whitcombe and Tombs, Wellington
White, H. Temple, 17 Jefferson St., Brooklyn
Wiggins, W., 21 Clifton Terrace
Williams, A., architect., Seapoint Rd., Napier
Williamson, A. B., N.Z. Board of Missions, Ballance St.
Wills, F. Eastbourne
Wilson, Sir Jas. G., “Lethenty.” Bulls
Wilson, Prof. F. P., Victoria College
Winter, Mrs. H., Rodrigo St., W.
Wolters, Miss O. W., Carterton
Working Men's Club, Mercer St.
Wright, Hon. R. A., Delamere, 58 Thompson St.
Young, Arthur, 36 Central Ter., W.
Young, Mrs. T., 26 Grant Rd., W.
Young, Campbell, Customhouse Quay