First Lessons in Maori
§ 58. Derivative Nouns are formed—
§ 58. Derivative Nouns are formed—
i. From transitive verbs, by prefixing kai, to denote the agent, thus:
Hanga, make. Kaihanga, maker.
ii. From verbs generally, by adding as a suffix one of the terminations, -nga, -anga, -hanga, -kanga, -manga, -ranga, -tanga, -inga, as:—
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mahinga from mahi
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nohoanga from noho
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tirohanga from tiro
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tomokanga from tomo
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ngaromanga from ngaro
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turanga from tu
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puritanga from pupuri
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kāinga from kā
The termination suitable to any particular verb will, as in the case of the passive, have to be learned; but it will be noticed that in many cases it bears some relation to the passive termination ( § 51), thus:—
titiro | tirohia | tirohanga |
motu | motukia | motukanga |
tanu | tanumia | tanumanga |
man | mauria | mauranga |
pupuri | puritia | puritanga |
A few verbs preserve an ancient verbal suffix, hi or ki; and these form the verbal noun direct from the root; as, arahi, arahanga, rumaki, rumakanga.
The noun thus formed denotes the ( a) circumstance, ( b) time, ( c) place, or ( d) matter of the action expressed by the verb. In the case of a transitive verb the noun may be used in either the active or the passive sense. ( § 22 a, b).
( a) | Mo taku patunga i tana tamaiti, on account of my striking his child. |
( b) | I tona taenga atu, at the time of his arrival, or, when he arrived. |
( c) | Ko te turanga tena o Horo, that is the place where Horo stood. |
( d) | Tena etahi purapura hei whakatokanga mau, there is some seed for you to plant. |